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CN116125730B - A full-sky multi-band imaging optical system based on near-space aerostat platform observation - Google Patents

A full-sky multi-band imaging optical system based on near-space aerostat platform observation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116125730B
CN116125730B CN202310060153.4A CN202310060153A CN116125730B CN 116125730 B CN116125730 B CN 116125730B CN 202310060153 A CN202310060153 A CN 202310060153A CN 116125730 B CN116125730 B CN 116125730B
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lens group
optical system
light
imaging
angle
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CN116125730A (en
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孙岩
黄旻
陶陶
钱路路
张桂峰
韩炜
王占超
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Aerospace Information Research Institute of CAS
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Aerospace Information Research Institute of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03BAPPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B11/00Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
    • G03B11/04Hoods or caps for eliminating unwanted light from lenses, viewfinders or focusing aids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/0045Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0055Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
    • G02B13/006Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element at least one element being a compound optical element, e.g. cemented elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/007Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03BAPPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B30/00Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03BAPPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02Diaphragms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Cameras In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a full sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation, wherein a shading ball cover is arranged at the forefront end of the optical system, and direct light of an interference light source outside an annular view field area is isolated through the shielding designed at the center and the edge part of the shading ball cover; the wide-angle objective lens group is used for imaging a target once; the annular view field diaphragm is arranged on an image plane of the wide-angle objective lens group for one-time imaging and is provided with an annular clear aperture; the optical filter set is positioned between the annular view field diaphragm and the secondary imaging lens set; the secondary imaging lens group is positioned behind the optical filter group; the CCD detector is positioned at the outer side of the secondary imaging lens group, and light passing through the annular view field diaphragm is filtered by the optical filter set and then imaged on the CCD detector again by the secondary imaging lens group. The optical system adopts the annular view field diaphragm and the shading ball cover to effectively block the aerostat ball from entering the view field, reduce stray light interference in the optical system and improve imaging quality.

Description

Full sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of imaging optical systems, in particular to an all-sky multi-band imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation.
Background
The near space aerostat is a typical high-altitude flight platform, the flight height is 20-50km, and the aerostat is the only carrying platform capable of flying in near space for a long time at present. Compared with ground observation, the observation system based on the platform has the advantages that the height reaches the upper part of dense atmosphere, and the observation system has no weather phenomena such as cloud, fog, rain, snow and the like, and is favorable for carrying out all-weather optical observation on a space target; compared with space-based observation, the cost of the observation system based on the near space aerostat platform is greatly reduced, the preparation period is shorter, the load is recoverable, and the technology verification and the rapid iteration of the novel scientific instrument are facilitated. Therefore, full-sky multi-band imaging loads based on near-space aerostat platforms have long been applied by the world astronomy to conduct space astronomical and space physics detection experiments.
The full-sky multiband imaging load is mainly used for observing targets (such as airglow radiation) in different wave bands of the full sky, and further research on the coupling property of middle and high-rise atmosphere, the transmission characteristic of atmospheric gravitational waves and the like is carried out. The whole-sky multiband imaging optical system is an important component, and as a detection object is usually a weak light radiation target, the optical system is required to collect enough light radiation energy to send into a detector for imaging. In the near space aerostat platform observation mode, because the aerostat sphere material in the zenith direction of the instrument has higher scattering rate, when the aerostat sphere material is illuminated by a natural light source, a high-intensity stray light source can be formed. When the optical system collects the weak light radiation target, stray light also correspondingly enters the optical system, the longer the exposure time of the instrument is, the larger the interference of the stray light on the weak light radiation target is, and even the instrument can not effectively acquire the observation information of the observation target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation, which adopts an annular view field diaphragm and a light shielding ball cover to effectively block aerostat balls from entering a view field, reduce stray light interference in the optical system and improve imaging quality.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
An all-sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation, the optical system includes light shielding ball cover, wide angle objective group, annular view field diaphragm, light filter group, secondary imaging lens group, CCD detector, wherein:
The shading ball cover is arranged at the forefront end of the optical system, and direct light interfering with a light source outside an annular view field area is isolated through the shielding designed at the center and the edge part of the shading ball cover, so that the interference of stray light inside the optical system is reduced;
The wide-angle objective lens group is used for imaging a target once;
The annular view field diaphragm is arranged on the image plane of the wide-angle objective lens group for one-time imaging and is provided with an annular clear aperture for blocking light rays in the center and edge areas of the view field;
The optical filter set is positioned between the annular view field diaphragm and the secondary imaging lens set, comprises three narrow-band optical filters and one wide-band optical filter, and is arranged in an optical filter wheel, and the optical filter wheel is used for switching the optical filters so as to realize the imaging of the optical system on different wave bands;
the secondary imaging lens group is positioned behind the optical filter group and is matched with the pupil of the wide-angle objective lens group by adopting an object space telecentric design;
The CCD detector is positioned at the outer side of the secondary imaging lens group, and light passing through the annular view field diaphragm is subjected to filtering treatment by the optical filter set, and then is imaged on the CCD detector again by the secondary imaging lens group.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the annular view field diaphragm and the light shielding ball cover are adopted in the optical system to effectively block the aerostat ball body from entering the view field, so that stray light interference in the optical system is reduced, and imaging quality is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a light shielding ball cover 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide-angle objective lens group 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the annular field stop 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an optical path of the secondary imaging lens set 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a near space aerostat observation platform in an example of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments of the present invention, and this is not limiting to the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or other similar referents are to be construed to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example: including a particular feature (e.g., a starting material, component, ingredient, carrier, formulation, material, dimension, part, means, mechanism, apparatus, step, procedure, method, reaction condition, processing condition, parameter, algorithm, signal, data, product or article of manufacture, etc.), should be construed as including not only a particular feature but also other features known in the art that are not explicitly recited.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-sky multiband imaging optical system based on near space aerostat platform observation, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, wherein the optical system comprises a light shielding spherical cap 1, a wide-angle objective lens group 2, an annular view field diaphragm 3, an optical filter group 4, a secondary imaging lens group 5 and a CCD detector 6, wherein:
The shading ball cover 1 is arranged at the forefront end of the optical system, and direct light of an interference light source outside an annular view field area is isolated through the shielding designed at the center and the edge part of the spherical cover of the shading ball cover 1, so that the interference of stray light inside the optical system is reduced;
the wide-angle objective lens group 2 is used for imaging a target once;
the annular view field diaphragm 3 is arranged on the image plane of the wide-angle objective lens group 2 for one-time imaging, and is provided with an annular clear aperture for blocking the light rays in the center and edge areas of the view field;
The optical filter set 4 is positioned between the annular view field diaphragm 3 and the secondary imaging lens set 5, comprises three narrow-band optical filters (2 nm bandwidth) and one wide-band optical filter (720 nm-910nm wavelength range), and is arranged in an optical filter wheel, and the optical filter wheel is used for switching optical filters to realize imaging of the optical system on different wave bands;
the secondary imaging lens group 5 is positioned behind the optical filter group 4 and is matched with the pupil of the wide-angle objective lens group 2 by adopting an object space telecentric design;
the CCD detector 6 is positioned at the outer side of the secondary imaging lens group 5, and the light passing through the annular field diaphragm 3 is filtered by the optical filter group 4 and then imaged on the CCD detector 6 again by the secondary imaging lens group 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a light shielding ball cover 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the light shielding ball cover 1 is formed by adding a central baffle 12 and an edge baffle 14 to an outer surface of a glass ball cover 11;
The center of the glass spherical cover 11 coincides with the entrance pupil position 13 of the optical system, so that the influence on the imaging process is reduced, and the image surface is vignetting due to the shielding of the central baffle 12 and the edge baffles 14; taking fig. 2 as an example, after the direct light beams with different angles of view reach the glass spherical cover 11, the solid light beams completely penetrate through the glass spherical cover 11, and correspond to the limit positions of the field of view without vignetting; the dashed beam edge rays are totally blocked by the edge dams 14; the dashed beam in the middle region will have some light passing through the glass bulb shield 11 to the image plane, forming a vignetting zone, the size of which is limited mainly by the size of the glass bulb shield 11, inversely proportional to the radius of the glass bulb shield 11.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide-angle objective lens group 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the wide-angle objective lens group 2 is telecentric in image space, and the incidence angle of each point light cone on the image plane is constant and matches with the allowable incidence angle of the optical filter group 4;
the wide-angle objective lens group 2 comprises 9 lenses, one of which is an aspheric lens 22; the shutter 21 is placed between the fourth and fifth lenses.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of the annular field diaphragm 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the annular field diaphragm 3 uses a K9 glass plate as a base material, the front surface coincides with the primary image plane of the optical system, and the black vanish coated on the surface completely blocks the imaging beam in a part of the field area;
in a specific implementation, the central blocking radius R3 and the edge inner diameter R4 of the annular field stop 3 are obtained by the effective field of view of the optical system and the design result of the wide-angle objective lens group 2;
The effective field of view of the optical system is divided into an outer ring field of view and an inner ring field of view (central shielding field of view), the outer ring field of view being determined by the field angle of view of the wide-angle objective lens group 2, being the maximum field angle index of the optical system; the inner ring field of view is determined by the ratio of the radius of the aerostat sphere to the sum of the length of the lifting rope and the radius of the aerostat sphere.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a secondary imaging lens set 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a first plate is an annular field stop 3, a second plate is an optical filter set 4, and a last plate is a window glass of a CCD detector 6;
the secondary imaging lens group 5 comprises 9 lenses and uses one even aspherical mirror 53;
the magnification of the secondary imaging lens group 5 is smaller than 1, so that the relative aperture is increased, and the energy collection efficiency is improved.
The implementation process of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below by a specific example, as shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an observation platform of an aerostat in the near space in the example of the present invention, in which the F number of the optical system is 1.2, the angle of view (outer ring angle of view) is 120 °, and the four circular filters have diameters of 60mm, three of which are narrow-band interference filters, the wavelength bands are 557.7nm, 630nm, 589.3nm, and the bandwidth is 2nm; a broad band in the range 720nm-910nm. As shown in fig. 6, the central shielding angle (inner ring angle) was determined to be 30 ° by the maximum diameter of the aerostat sphere 50m and the length of the hoist rope 100 m.
Table 1 below shows examples of parameters of the light shielding ball cover and the annular field stop used in the present embodiment, so that no vignetting can be achieved within the effective annular field of the optical system, and vignetting areas on two sides are within 4 °.
Table 1 mask and annular field stop detail parameter examples
It is noted that the details not described in the embodiments of the present invention belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art, for example, annular field stops and light-shielding ball covers with different sizes, CCD detectors with different models, filter sets with different sizes and numbers, etc. are selected, and these modifications and changes do not depart from the essential scope of the present invention.
In summary, the system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises two stages of diaphragms, and an annular view field diaphragm is designed at the position of the primary image surface of the optical system to obtain an environment field without vignetting, so that an aerostat sphere is effectively prevented from entering a view field; the front end of the optical system is provided with a shading ball cover, so that light rays from an object point outside the surrounding view field area to direct the pupil are blocked, and the stray light interference in the optical system is reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The information disclosed in the background section herein is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not to be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于临近空间浮空器平台观测的全天空多波段成像光学系统,其特征在于,所述光学系统包括遮光球罩、广角物镜组、环状视场光阑、滤光片组、二次成像镜组、CCD探测器,其中:1. An all-sky multi-band imaging optical system based on near-space aerostat platform observation, characterized in that the optical system includes a light-shielding ball cover, a wide-angle objective lens group, an annular field aperture, a filter group, a secondary imaging lens group, and a CCD detector, wherein: 所述遮光球罩设置在所述光学系统的最前端,通过所述遮光球罩的球罩中心和边缘部分设计的遮拦,隔离环形视场区域外干扰光源的直射光,从而降低所述光学系统内部杂散光的干扰;The light-shielding ball cover is arranged at the front end of the optical system, and the direct light of the interfering light source outside the annular field of view is isolated by the shielding designed at the center and edge of the ball cover, thereby reducing the interference of stray light inside the optical system; 所述广角物镜组用于对目标进行一次成像;The wide-angle objective lens group is used to perform primary imaging of the target; 所述环状视场光阑设置在所述广角物镜组一次成像的像面上,具有环形通光孔径,用于阻断视场中心和边缘区域的光线;The annular field stop is arranged on the image plane of the wide-angle objective lens group for primary imaging, and has an annular light aperture for blocking the light in the center and edge areas of the field of view; 所述滤光片组位于所述环状视场光阑与二次成像镜组之间,包括三片窄带滤光片和一片宽带滤光片,均放置在滤光片轮中,利用所述滤光片轮来切换滤光片,实现所述光学系统对不同波段的成像;The filter group is located between the annular field aperture and the secondary imaging lens group, and includes three narrow-band filters and one broadband filter, all of which are placed in a filter wheel. The filter wheel is used to switch the filters to achieve imaging of different bands by the optical system; 所述二次成像镜组位于所述滤光片组之后,采用物方远心设计,与所述广角物镜组的光瞳匹配;The secondary imaging lens group is located after the filter group, adopts an object-side telecentric design, and matches the pupil of the wide-angle objective lens group; 所述CCD探测器位于所述二次成像镜组的外侧,通过所述环状视场光阑的光线经所述滤光片组滤波处理后,由所述二次成像镜组再次成像在所述CCD探测器上;The CCD detector is located outside the secondary imaging lens group, and the light passing through the annular field aperture is filtered by the filter group and then imaged again on the CCD detector by the secondary imaging lens group; 其中,所述遮光球罩由玻璃球罩外表面加装中央挡板和边缘挡板构成;Wherein, the light-shielding ball cover is composed of a central baffle and an edge baffle installed on the outer surface of the glass ball cover; 玻璃球罩的球心与所述光学系统的入瞳位置重合,以减小对成像过程的影响;The center of the glass ball cover coincides with the entrance pupil position of the optical system to reduce the impact on the imaging process; 由于中央挡板和边缘挡板的遮挡,像面存在渐晕,渐晕区大小受玻璃球罩尺寸限制,与玻璃球罩的半径成反比;Due to the obstruction of the central baffle and the edge baffle, there is vignetting on the image plane. The size of the vignetting area is limited by the size of the glass ball cover and is inversely proportional to the radius of the glass ball cover. 所述广角物镜组采用像方远心设计,像面各点光锥入射角恒定,且与所述滤光片组许用入射角匹配;The wide-angle objective lens group adopts an image-space telecentric design, and the incident angle of the light cone at each point on the image plane is constant and matches the allowable incident angle of the filter group; 所述广角物镜组包括9片透镜,其中一片为非球面透镜;The wide-angle objective lens group includes 9 lenses, one of which is an aspherical lens; 快门放置在第四片和第五片透镜之间;The shutter is placed between the fourth and fifth lenses; 所述环状视场光阑采用K9玻璃平板作为基底材料,前表面与所述光学系统的一次像面重合,通过表面涂覆的黑色消光漆将部分视场区域的成像光束完全阻断;The annular field diaphragm uses a K9 glass plate as a base material, the front surface of which coincides with the primary image plane of the optical system, and the imaging light beam in a part of the field of view area is completely blocked by the black matte paint coated on the surface; 所述光学系统的有效视场分为外环视场角和内环视场角,外环视场角由所述广角物镜组的视场角决定,是所述光学系统最大视场角指标;The effective field of view of the optical system is divided into an outer ring field angle and an inner ring field angle. The outer ring field angle is determined by the field angle of the wide-angle objective lens group and is an indicator of the maximum field angle of the optical system. 内环视场角为浮空器球体半径与吊绳长加浮空器球体半径之和的比值来确定。The inner ring field of view angle is determined by the ratio of the radius of the aerostat sphere to the sum of the length of the suspension rope and the radius of the aerostat sphere. 2.根据权利要求1所述基于临近空间浮空器平台观测的全天空多波段成像光学系统,其特征在于,所述二次成像镜组包含9片透镜,并使用一个偶次非球面镜;2. The all-sky multi-band imaging optical system based on near-space aerostat platform observation according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary imaging mirror group comprises 9 lenses and uses an even-order aspherical mirror; 所述二次成像镜组的放大率小于1,使得相对孔径增加,提高能量收集效率。The magnification of the secondary imaging lens group is less than 1, so that the relative aperture is increased and the energy collection efficiency is improved.
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