CN115947334A - High-density charcoal and pressurized rapid preparation method - Google Patents
High-density charcoal and pressurized rapid preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115947334A CN115947334A CN202211429980.8A CN202211429980A CN115947334A CN 115947334 A CN115947334 A CN 115947334A CN 202211429980 A CN202211429980 A CN 202211429980A CN 115947334 A CN115947334 A CN 115947334A
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- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density charcoal and a pressurized rapid preparation method thereof. And after the low-temperature pyrolysis process is finished, the iron tank, the charcoal and the external load are transferred to a box-type furnace together, and the pyrolysis and charcoal forming process is further finished under the protective atmosphere condition, so that a high-density charcoal product is finally obtained. Aiming at the problems that the charcoal pyrolysis gas-liquid product is rapidly escaped to cause more pores and cracks in the charcoal structure, the charcoal density is influenced, the production of high-density charcoal takes a long time and the like, the invention innovatively adopts the pressurization pyrolysis method, not only avoids the generation of the pores and cracks, but also greatly improves the charcoal density, obviously shortens the preparation time compared with the traditional process flow, can realize energy conservation and emission reduction, improves the generation efficiency, reduces the production cost and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and application of carbonaceous materials, and mainly relates to a method for quickly preparing high-density charcoal by pressurization.
Background
The charcoal is made of woodThe black solid phase product is obtained after the material is pyrolyzed. As the wood retains the cell cavity structure in the conventional pyrolysis process and generates a large amount of gas and liquid to escape, more pores and cracks are formed in the pyrolytic carbon, so that the charcoal density is usually only 0.4-0.6 g/cm 3 . With the need for the development of current technologies, the demand for high density charcoal is increasing, for example, when the high density charcoal is further activated to obtain activated carbon for a capacitor, the unit volume can be filled with more charcoal, thereby improving the performance of the capacitor or effectively reducing the volume of the capacitor. Traditional high density charcoal (density higher than 1.0 g/cm) 3 ) The production of the carbon fiber composite material needs extremely slow temperature rising rate to ensure that the pyrolysis products such as gas and the like slowly escape, and the carbon skeleton structure is slowly shrunk, so that a compact product is obtained. The process usually needs more than ten days or even dozens of days, the production efficiency is low, and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, reducing the production time of high density charcoal is of great importance to further broaden the market of its applications.
Aiming at the two problems that the density of the wood raw material pyrolytic carbon obtained by the conventional method is low and the production time of high-density charcoal is extremely long, the invention applies pressure at the stage of 160-260 ℃ when a large amount of gas-liquid products escape to destroy the cell cavity structure and the pores and cracks generated by the escape of the pyrolytic products, thereby greatly improving the density of the obtained charcoal. Meanwhile, the method can shorten the preparation time of the charcoal to within 72h, obviously reduce the production energy consumption and cost and improve the production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly preparing high-density charcoal under pressure.
The invention provides high-density charcoal, which is characterized in that dry wood raw materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction and volume shrinkage simultaneously under a certain pressure condition, and finally the high-density charcoal with the density of more than 1g/cm is obtained after the pyrolysis reaction 3 High density charcoal.
The method for rapidly preparing the high-density charcoal by pressurization comprises the following steps:
firstly, drying and pretreating wood raw materials to constant weight;
secondly, placing the pretreated wood raw material in an iron tank, placing a load above the iron tank to provide pressure, and carrying out heat treatment on the wood raw material under the pressure to generate a low-temperature pyrolysis reaction;
and thirdly, cooling after the heat treatment is finished, transferring the iron tank loaded with the wood and the external load into a box-type atmosphere furnace, slowly heating under the protection of nitrogen to further finish the process of pyrolysis into carbon, and cooling to obtain a final product.
The drying pretreatment temperature is 105-120 ℃.
The pyrolysis reaction temperature range is 160-260 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-10 h.
The pressure range applied by the load is 4-10 MPa.
The reaction temperature range of the pyrolysis into carbon is 400-600 ℃, the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and the reaction time is 6-10 h.
Has the advantages that:
1. the pyrolysis pressure is increased under the low temperature condition (160-260 ℃), and the solid-phase product can be extruded while the gas-liquid product slowly escapes by adopting a slow temperature rise method (1-2 ℃/min), so that cracks and pores generated by the escape of the gas product are effectively reduced, the cell cavity structure is damaged, and the density of the solid-phase product is obviously improved compared with that of the product obtained under the non-pressure condition.
2. After low-temperature pyrolysis, the product has a certain density, and high-density pyrolytic carbon can be obtained after pyrolysis at higher temperature. By adopting the method, the target product can be obtained within 72h, the time consumption is greatly shortened compared with that of the existing process (more than ten days or even dozens of days), and the method is very beneficial to energy conservation, emission reduction and production cost reduction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a low-temperature pyrolysis stage apparatus, wherein 1 is a press, 2 is an iron block, 3 is a heating belt, 4 is a wood block raw material, and 5 is an iron can.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the density of pressurized and non-pressurized pyrolytic carbon, a being non-pressurized pyrolytic carbon floating above water; b is pressurized pyrolytic carbon, and is deposited on the water bottom.
FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of a pressurized pyrolytic carbon and a non-pressurized pyrolytic carbon, wherein a is a non-pressurized pyrolytic carbon and b is an SEM photograph of a pressurized pyrolytic carbon.
Detailed Description
A method for rapidly preparing high-density charcoal under pressure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The wood material is divided into pieces of suitable size and dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight. After cooling and weighing, the iron can is placed in the iron pot, and an iron block with the size similar to that of the iron pot is placed above the iron can so as to provide certain pressure. And (3) winding a heating belt outside the iron can, placing the iron can in a small-sized press, performing low-temperature pyrolysis in a certain temperature range under certain pressure, so that the wood raw material slowly releases pyrolysis gas-phase products and liquid-phase products, and generating remarkable volume shrinkage to obtain the pre-pyrolysis charcoal.
(2) And after the low-temperature pyrolysis process is finished, transferring the iron tank, the pre-pyrolysis charcoal and the external iron block into a box-type furnace together, and further finishing the pyrolysis into charcoal process under the protective atmosphere condition to finally obtain a high-density charcoal product.
The method for preparing high-density charcoal rapidly under pressurization comprises the steps of firstly drying and pretreating wood raw materials, then simultaneously carrying out pyrolysis reaction and significant volume shrinkage on the wood raw materials under a certain pressure condition, and finally obtaining the charcoal with the density of more than 1g/cm after about 8 hours 3 The high density charcoal of (2).
The drying temperature is 105-120 ℃.
The temperature range of the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction is 160-260 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-10 h.
The applied pressure is in the range of 4-10 MPa.
The temperature range of the pyrolysis carbonization reaction is 400-600 ℃, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, and the reaction time is 6-10 h.
Aiming at the problems that the charcoal density is influenced by more pores and cracks in the charcoal structure caused by the rapid escape of a charcoal pyrolysis gas-liquid product, the production time of the high-density charcoal is extremely long, and the like, the invention innovatively adopts a pressurization pyrolysis method, so that the generation of the pores and cracks is avoided, the charcoal density is greatly improved, the preparation time is remarkably shortened compared with the traditional process flow, the energy conservation and emission reduction can be realized, the generation efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the application prospect is good.
Example 1:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 4MPa, raising the temperature to 160 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 400 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and maintained for 6 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 0.97g/cm 3 。
Example 2:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 6MPa, raising the temperature to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 400 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and held for 8 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.03g/cm 3 。
Example 3:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 6MPa, raising the temperature to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃/min and held for 10 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.06g/cm 3 。
Example 4:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 6MPa, raising the temperature to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and held for 10 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.10g/cm 3 。
Example 5:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 6MPa, raising the temperature to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10 hours. After cooling, the heating belt is untied,transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 1 ℃/min and held for 10 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.14g/cm 3 。
Example 6:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 8MPa, raising the temperature to 220 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10 hours. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.12g/cm 3 。
Example 7:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 10MPa, raising the temperature to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.16g/cm 3 。。
Example 8:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. The pressure is adjusted to 4MPa, the temperature is raised to 240 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 8h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and held for 8 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.14g/cm 3 。
Example 9:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. The pressure is adjusted to 4MPa, the temperature is raised to 240 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 2 ℃/min and held for 8 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.18g/cm 3 。
Example 10:
drying raw material wood block at 105 deg.C, placing in iron tank, adding iron block, and placing in pressIn the middle, a heating belt is wound around the iron can. The pressure is adjusted to 6MPa, the temperature is raised to 240 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10 hours. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.10g/cm 3 。
Example 11:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 8MPa, raising the temperature to 240 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.08g/cm 3 。
Example 12:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. The pressure is adjusted to 4MPa, the temperature is increased to 260 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.05g/cm 3 。
Example 13:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. The pressure is adjusted to 6MPa, the temperature is raised to 260 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 8h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.10g/cm 3 。
Example 14:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 8MPa, raising the temperature to 260 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10 hours. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to a box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.17g/cm 3 。
Example 15:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 10MPa, raising the temperature to 260 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.14g/cm 3 。
Example 16:
drying the raw material wood block at 105 ℃, placing the dried raw material wood block in an iron tank, adding the iron block, placing the iron tank in a press machine, and winding a heating belt outside the iron tank. Adjusting the pressure to 10MPa, raising the temperature to 260 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 10h. Cooling, unwinding the heating belt, transferring to box-type resistance furnace, and introducing N 2 The temperature was raised to 600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min and held for 10h. The obtained charcoal product has a density of 1.09g/cm 3 。
Claims (6)
1. A high-density charcoal is characterized in that dry wood raw materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction and volume shrinkage simultaneously under a certain pressure condition, and finally the high-density charcoal with the density of more than 1g/cm is obtained after the pyrolysis reaction 3 The high density charcoal of (2).
2. The method for rapidly preparing the high-density charcoal according to claim 1 by pressurization comprises the following steps:
firstly, drying and pretreating wood raw materials to constant weight;
secondly, placing the pretreated wood raw material in an iron tank, placing a load above the iron tank to provide pressure, and carrying out heat treatment on the wood raw material under the pressure to generate a low-temperature pyrolysis reaction;
and thirdly, cooling after the heat treatment is finished, transferring the iron tank loaded with the wood and the external load into a box-type atmosphere furnace, slowly heating under the protection of nitrogen to further finish the process of pyrolysis into carbon, and cooling to obtain a final product.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the drying pretreatment temperature is 105 to 120 ℃.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the pyrolysis reaction temperature ranges from 160 to 260 ℃ and the reaction time ranges from 6 to 10 hours.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the load is applied at a pressure in the range of 4 to 10MPa.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the pyrolysis to char reaction temperature ranges from 400 to 600 ℃, the rate of temperature rise is 2 to 10 ℃/min, and the reaction time is 6 to 10 hours.
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