CN115929419A - Air turbine system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Air turbine system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an air turbine system and an operation method thereof, comprising a compressed air source, a high-pressure air inlet pipe and a high-pressure air turbine, wherein the compressed air source is communicated with the high-pressure air inlet pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is connected in parallel with a high-pressure air supplement pipe communicated with a high-pressure air turbine air supplement port and a medium-pressure air supplement pipe communicated with a medium-pressure air turbine air inlet; a high-pressure air supply valve is arranged on the high-pressure air supply pipe, and a medium-pressure air supply valve is arranged on the medium-pressure air supply pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure on-off valve and a high-pressure regulating valve; the high-pressure air turbine exhaust port is connected in parallel with a medium-pressure air inlet pipe communicated with a medium-pressure air turbine air inlet and a low-pressure air inlet pipe communicated with a low-pressure air turbine air inlet; a medium pressure on-off valve and a medium pressure regulating valve are arranged on the medium pressure air inlet pipe; the low-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a first low-pressure on-off valve, a low-pressure regulating valve and a second low-pressure on-off valve; the medium-pressure air turbine exhaust port is communicated with the low-pressure air inlet pipe through a medium-pressure exhaust pipe; the invention controls the connection relation of each air turbine and ensures that the total output power is unchanged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and particularly relates to an air turbine system capable of adapting to large-range pressure change of an air compression source and an operation method thereof.
Background
The compressed air energy storage system is a novel energy storage technology, has the advantages of wide power range, long service life, unlimited storage time and environmental friendliness, and has become an important current energy storage technology research direction. The principle is that in the low-peak period of power consumption, redundant electric energy is utilized to compress air and then the air is stored in a salt cavern, a high-pressure air storage tank and other closed spaces, and in the high-peak period of power consumption, the stored high-pressure air is utilized to drive an air turbine to do work and generate power so as to meet the power consumption requirement. Because the compressed air which can be stored in the closed spaces such as the salt cavern and the high-pressure air storage tank is limited, the air storage pressure is continuously reduced along with the outflow of the compressed air in the working process of the air turbine, so that the output power of the air turbine is continuously reduced, and the output requirement cannot be met; therefore, how to ensure the output power stability of the air turbine is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the application aiming at the compressed air energy storage system with limited air storage capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an air turbine system and an operation method thereof capable of accommodating a wide range of pressure variation of an air compression source, switching the connection relationship among a high pressure air turbine, an intermediate pressure air turbine and a low pressure air turbine when the pressure of the air compression source varies, and ensuring that the sum of the output powers of the air turbines is always kept constant.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides an air turbine system including a compressed air source, a high pressure air turbine, an intermediate pressure air turbine and a low pressure air turbine; the compressed air source is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine through a high-pressure air inlet pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure air supplementing pipe and a medium-pressure air supplementing pipe in parallel; the high-pressure air supplementing pipe is communicated with an air supplementing port of the high-pressure air turbine, and a high-pressure air supplementing valve is arranged on the high-pressure air supplementing pipe; the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine, and a medium-pressure air supplementing valve is arranged on the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure on-off valve and a high-pressure regulating valve, and an air inlet of the high-pressure air supplementing pipe and an air inlet of the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe are both positioned between the high-pressure on-off valve and the high-pressure regulating valve; a middle-pressure air inlet pipe and a low-pressure air inlet pipe are arranged at the exhaust port of the high-pressure air turbine in parallel; the medium-pressure air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine, and a medium-pressure on-off valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve are arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe; the low-pressure air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the low-pressure air turbine, and a first low-pressure on-off valve, a low-pressure regulating valve and a second low-pressure on-off valve are sequentially arranged on the low-pressure air inlet pipe along the flowing direction of the low-pressure air inlet pipe; an air outlet of the medium-pressure air turbine is communicated with a low-pressure air inlet pipe through a medium-pressure exhaust pipe, and an air outlet of the medium-pressure exhaust pipe is positioned between a low-pressure regulating valve and a second low-pressure on-off valve; the exhaust port of the low-pressure air turbine is communicated with the atmosphere; according to the pressure drop condition of the compressed air source, the invention adjusts the valves to control the connection relationship among the compressed air source, the high-pressure air turbine, the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine, so that the sum of the output powers of the air turbines is kept unchanged.
Preferably, the air turbine system includes a medium pressure heater and a low pressure heater; the medium-pressure heater is arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe, and the low-pressure heater is arranged on the low-pressure air inlet pipe and used for heating compressed air entering the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine.
Preferably, the intermediate pressure cylinder is a single flow intermediate pressure cylinder or a double flow intermediate pressure cylinder, and may be specifically determined according to a total flow rate of the air compression source.
Preferably, the air turbine system comprises a generator, and the high-pressure air turbine, the medium-pressure air turbine, the low-pressure air turbine and the generator are sequentially connected through a coupler to form a series shafting, so that the generating power of the generator is kept unchanged.
Preferably, each air turbine is connected with a generator through a coupling, and the sum of the generated power of the generators is kept constant.
The present application further provides a method of operating an air turbine system, the method comprising the steps of:
when the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than a first preset pressure value, closing the high-pressure air compensating valve, the medium-pressure air compensating valve, the first low-pressure on-off valve and the low-pressure regulating valve, opening the high-pressure on-off valve, the medium-pressure on-off valve, the high-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater, enabling the medium-pressure regulating valve to be in a full-open state, gradually increasing the opening degree of the high-pressure regulating valve according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source, and keeping the total power generated by each air turbine unchanged;
when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the first preset pressure value and is more than the second preset pressure value, opening the high-pressure air compensating valve to enable the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve to be in a full-open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the high-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the second preset pressure value and is more than the third preset pressure value, opening the medium-pressure air compensating valve to enable the high-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure regulating valve and the high-pressure air compensating valve to be in a fully open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
when the pressure of a compressed air source is not more than a third preset pressure value and is more than a fourth preset pressure value, opening a first low-pressure on-off valve, gradually reducing the valve opening of a medium-pressure regulating valve while slowly increasing the opening of a low-pressure regulating valve, regulating the valve opening of a high-pressure air compensation valve according to the pressure ratio of an air inlet of a high-pressure air turbine to an air compensation port, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensation valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to keep the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
and when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the fourth preset pressure value, closing the high-pressure air compensating valve, the medium-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure on-off valve and the medium-pressure heater, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source until the medium-pressure air compensating valve is fully opened, so that the total power emitted by each air turbine is kept unchanged.
Preferably, the first preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the high-pressure air make-up valve, the second preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the medium-pressure air make-up valve, the third preset pressure value is a critical pressure value at which air blowing is about to occur, and the fourth preset pressure value is a pressure value of a corresponding compressed air source when the medium-pressure air turbine and the high-pressure air turbine are switched from a series-parallel connection state to a parallel connection state.
As described above, the air turbine system and the operation method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
the invention overcomes the problem of the output power reduction of the air turbine caused by the pressure reduction of a compressed air source by changing the connection relation among the high-pressure air turbine, the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine, and ensures that the total power output by each air turbine is always kept unchanged while realizing the high-efficiency operation of each air turbine; the invention has the capability of adapting to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source, and can properly control the air storage volume of the compressed air energy storage system, thereby effectively controlling the investment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an air turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an air turbine system according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of operating an air turbine system.
The high-pressure air turbine 1, the medium-pressure air turbine 2, the low-pressure air turbine 3, the generator 4, the high-pressure intake pipe 5, the high-pressure air supplement pipe 5a, the medium-pressure air supplement pipe 5b, the medium-pressure intake pipe 6, the low-pressure intake pipe 7, the medium-pressure exhaust pipe 8, the high-pressure on-off valve 9, the high-pressure regulating valve 10, the high-pressure air supplement valve 11, the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12, the medium-pressure regulating valve 13, the medium-pressure on-off valve 14, the medium-pressure heater 15, the first low-pressure on-off valve 16, the low-pressure regulating valve 17, the low-pressure heater 18, and the second low-pressure on-off valve 19.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 3. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an air turbine system including a compressed air source, a high pressure air turbine 1, an intermediate pressure air turbine 2, and a low pressure air turbine 3; the high-pressure air turbine 1 has an air inlet, an air supplement port and an air exhaust port; the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and the low-pressure air turbine 3 each have an air inlet and an air outlet; wherein, the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 is communicated with a compressed air source through a high-pressure air inlet pipe 5; the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 is provided with a high-pressure on-off valve 9 and a high-pressure regulating valve 10, the high-pressure on-off valve 9 is used for communicating or cutting off the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5, and the high-pressure regulating valve 10 is used for regulating the flow entering the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1; the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 is provided with a high-pressure air supplement pipe 5a and a medium-pressure air supplement pipe 5b in parallel; the high-pressure air supplementing pipe 5a is communicated with an air supplementing port of the high-pressure air turbine 1, and the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe 5b is communicated with an air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine 2; the high-pressure air supplementing pipe 5a is provided with a high-pressure air supplementing valve 11 for adjusting the flow entering the air supplementing port of the high-pressure air turbine 1, and the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe 5b is provided with a medium-pressure air supplementing valve 12 for adjusting the flow entering the air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine 2; the exhaust port of the high-pressure air turbine 1 is divided into two branches, namely a medium-pressure air inlet pipe 6 communicated with the air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and a low-pressure air inlet pipe 7 communicated with the air inlet of the low-pressure air turbine 3; a medium-pressure regulating valve 13 and a medium-pressure on-off valve 14 are arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe 6 and are used for respectively controlling the flow and the on-off of the medium-pressure air inlet pipe 6; the low-pressure air inlet pipe 7 is sequentially provided with a first low-pressure on-off valve 16, a low-pressure regulating valve 17 and a second low-pressure on-off valve 19 along the flowing direction of the low-pressure air inlet pipe, and the first low-pressure on-off valve, the low-pressure regulating valve and the second low-pressure on-off valve are used for controlling the on-off and the flow of the low-pressure air inlet pipe 7; an air outlet of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 is provided with a medium-pressure exhaust pipe 8 communicated with the low-pressure air inlet pipe 7, and an air outlet of the medium-pressure exhaust pipe 8 is positioned between the low-pressure regulating valve 17 and the second low-pressure on-off valve 19; in the present embodiment, the intermediate pressure regulating valve 13 is preferably provided downstream of the intermediate pressure on-off valve 14.
By controlling the state of each valve, each air turbine in the air turbine system can be in different connection states, and the following five connection states are provided in total:
the first state: closing the high-pressure air supplement valve 11, the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12, the first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and the low-pressure regulating valve 17, opening the high-pressure on-off valve 9 and the medium-pressure on-off valve 14 to enable the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 to be in a full-open state (namely, in a maximum valve opening state), and gradually increasing the valve opening of the high-pressure regulating valve 10 according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source; at this time, the high pressure air turbine 1, the medium pressure air turbine 2 and the low pressure air turbine 3 form a series combination, so that compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high pressure air turbine 1 through the high pressure air inlet pipe 5 to do work, exhaust of the high pressure air turbine 1 enters the medium pressure air turbine 2 to do work, exhaust of the medium pressure air turbine 2 enters the low pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust of the low pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere; in the process, although the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the opening degree of the high-pressure regulating valve 10 is adjusted to ensure that the pressure behind the high-pressure regulating valve 10 is always kept at the through-flow design pressure, the flow rate entering each air turbine is also kept at the design flow rate, the turbine over-flow is prevented, and the total power output by each air turbine is kept unchanged.
And a second state: closing the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12, the first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and the low-pressure regulating valve 17, opening the high-pressure on-off valve 9 and the medium-pressure on-off valve 14 to enable the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 and the high-pressure regulating valve 10 to be in a full-open state (namely, a maximum valve opening state), and gradually increasing the valve opening of the high-pressure air supplement valve 11 according to the pressure reduction of a compressed air source; at the moment, the high-pressure air turbine 1, the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and the low-pressure air turbine 3 still form a series combination, so that compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through a high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and a high-pressure air supplementing pipe 5a to do work, exhaust of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enters the medium-pressure air turbine 2 to do work, exhaust of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere; in the process, although the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the flow rate entering each air turbine is continuously increased, so that the problem of insufficient output power caused by the reduction of the pressure of the compressed air is solved, and the total output power of each air turbine is ensured to be kept unchanged.
And a third state: closing the first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and the low-pressure regulating valve 17, opening the high-pressure on-off valve 9 and the medium-pressure on-off valve 14 to enable the medium-pressure regulating valve 13, the high-pressure regulating valve 10 and the high-pressure gulp valve 11 to be in a full-open state (namely a state with the maximum valve opening), and gradually increasing the valve opening of the medium-pressure gulp valve 12 according to the pressure reduction of a compressed air source; at this time, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the medium-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (namely, the two are arranged in parallel and are connected in series with each other), then the series-parallel combination is connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to do work, a part of compressed air of the compressed air source enters the medium-pressure air turbine 2 through the medium-pressure air supply pipe 5b and together with exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to do work, exhaust gas of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere; in the process, although the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the flow rates of the compressed air to the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine are continuously increased, so that the problem of insufficient output power caused by the reduction of the pressure of the compressed air is solved, and the total output power of each air turbine is ensured to be kept unchanged.
And a fourth state: opening a high-pressure on-off valve 9, a medium-pressure on-off valve 14 and a first low-pressure on-off valve 16, gradually reducing the valve opening of a medium-pressure regulating valve 13 in the process of slowly increasing the opening of a low-pressure regulating valve 17 to avoid pressure mutation, gradually increasing the opening of a medium-pressure air make-up valve 12 according to the pressure reduction of a compressed air source, and simultaneously adjusting the valve opening of a high-pressure air make-up valve 11 according to the pressure ratio of an air inlet and an air make-up port of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to avoid the phenomenon that the high-pressure air turbine 1 generates air blast in a through-flow section before the air make-up point due to over-low air inlet pressure, so that the operation safety of the high-pressure air turbine 1 is improved; at this time, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the medium-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (namely, the two are arranged in parallel and are connected in series with each other), and the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the medium-pressure air turbine 2 are respectively connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to do work, a part of compressed air of the compressed air source enters the medium-pressure air turbine 2 through the medium-pressure air supply pipe 5b and a part of exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to do work, the exhaust gas of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and the other part of exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enter the low-pressure air turbine 3 together to do work, and the exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted into the atmosphere; in the process, although the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the flow rates of the compressed air to the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine are continuously increased, so that the problem of insufficient output power caused by the reduction of the pressure of the compressed air is solved, and the total output power of each air turbine is ensured to be kept unchanged.
And a fifth state: closing the high-pressure gulp valve 11, the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 and the medium-pressure on-off valve 14, opening the high-pressure on-off valve 9, the first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and the low-pressure regulating valve 17, and gradually increasing the opening degree of the medium-pressure gulp valve 12 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source; at this time, the high pressure air turbine 1 and the medium pressure air turbine 2 form a parallel combination, the parallel combination is connected with the low pressure air turbine 3 in series, so that a part of compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high pressure air turbine 1 through the high pressure air inlet pipe 5 to do work, a part of compressed air of the compressed air source enters the medium pressure air turbine 2 through the medium pressure air supplement pipe 5b to do work, the exhaust of the medium pressure air turbine 2 and the exhaust of the high pressure air turbine 1 enter the low pressure air turbine 3 together to do work, and the exhaust of the low pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted into the atmosphere; in the process, although the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the flow rates of the compressed air to the medium-pressure air turbine and the low-pressure air turbine are continuously increased, so that the problem of insufficient output power caused by the reduction of the pressure of the compressed air is solved, and the total output power of each air turbine is ensured to be kept unchanged.
Furthermore, a medium-pressure heater 15 is arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe 6, a low-pressure air inlet pipe 17 is arranged on the low-pressure air inlet pipe 7, and the medium-pressure heater 15 is positioned at the upstream of the medium-pressure on-off valve 14 and used for heating the exhaust entering the medium-pressure air inlet pipe 6; and the low-pressure heater 18 is positioned between the outlet of the medium-pressure exhaust pipe 8 and the second low-pressure on-off valve 19 and is used for heating the exhaust gas entering the low-pressure air inlet pipe 7.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the air turbine system includes a generator, and the high-pressure air turbine 1, the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2, the low-pressure air turbine 3, and the generator 4 are sequentially connected by a coupling to form a tandem shafting.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the number and arrangement of the generators 4; the number of the generators 4 in this embodiment is three, and the three generators 4 are respectively connected to the high-pressure air turbine 1, the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2, and the low-pressure air turbine 3 through couplings.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only the structural form and the number of the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 and the low pressure cylinder 3, and specifically there are the following four schemes:
the first scheme is as follows: the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 and the low pressure cylinder 3 are respectively provided with one, the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 is a single-flow intermediate pressure cylinder, and the low pressure cylinder 3 is a single-flow low pressure cylinder; the first scheme is suitable for a compressed air source with a small flow rate.
Scheme II: the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 and the low pressure cylinder 3 are respectively provided with one, the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 is a single-flow intermediate pressure cylinder, and the low pressure cylinder 3 is a double-flow low pressure cylinder; the second scheme is suitable for a compressed air source with a general flow rate.
The third scheme is as follows: the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 and the low pressure cylinder 3 are respectively arranged one by one, the intermediate pressure cylinder 2 is a double-flow intermediate pressure cylinder, and the low pressure cylinder 3 is a double-flow low pressure cylinder; the third scheme is suitable for a compressed air source with larger flow.
And the scheme is as follows: one middle pressure cylinder 2 is arranged, a plurality of low pressure cylinders 3 are arranged, the middle pressure cylinders 2 are single-flow middle pressure cylinders, and the low pressure cylinders 3 are single-flow low pressure cylinders; the plurality of low pressure cylinders 3 are connected in series, and a reheater is arranged between two adjacent low pressure cylinders 3; the fourth scheme is suitable for the compressed air source with higher inlet pressure and lower temperature.
Example four
As shown in FIG. 3, the present embodiment provides a method of operating an air turbine system requiring the sum of the power output of the air turbine system of the first or second embodiment within the pressure range of 10MPa to 3MPa of the compressed air source to be 30MW; the operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, when the pressure of a compressed air source is greater than a first preset pressure value, closing a high-pressure air supply valve 11, a first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and a low-pressure regulating valve 17 of a medium-pressure air supply valve 12, and opening a high-pressure on-off valve 9, a medium-pressure on-off valve 14, a high-pressure regulating valve 10, a medium-pressure regulating valve 13, a second low-pressure on-off valve 19, a medium-pressure heater 15 and a low-pressure heater 18 to enable the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 to be in a full-open state, and gradually increasing the opening degree of the high-pressure regulating valve 10 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
specifically, the first preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the high-pressure gulp valve 11, and the value is 8.11MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is always greater than the opening pressure value of the high-pressure air compensation valve 11, so as to ensure that the high-pressure air compensation valve 11 is always in a closed state; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 8.11MPa, the high-pressure regulating valve 10 needs to be in a full-open state (i.e., the valve opening is maximum).
In this step, the high pressure air turbine 1, the intermediate pressure air turbine 2, and the low pressure air turbine 3 are connected in series, so that the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the high pressure air turbine 1 through the high pressure intake duct 5 to apply work, the exhaust gas from the high pressure air turbine 1 enters the intermediate pressure air turbine 2 to apply work, the exhaust gas from the intermediate pressure air turbine 2 enters the low pressure air turbine 3 to apply work, and the exhaust gas from the low pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted into the atmosphere.
S2, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a first preset pressure value and is more than a second preset pressure value, opening the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 to enable the high-pressure regulating valve 10 and the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 to be in a full-open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
specifically, the second preset pressure value is the opening pressure value of the medium-pressure gulp valve 12, and the value is 7.2MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than 7.2MPa and not greater than 8.11MPa, so that the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 is opened, and the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 is still in a closed state; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 7.2MPa, the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 needs to be in a full-open state.
Under the step, the high-pressure air turbine 1, the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and the low-pressure air turbine 3 still form a series combination, so that compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through a high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and a high-pressure air supplementing pipe 5a to do work, exhaust of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enters the medium-pressure air turbine 2 to do work, exhaust of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted into the atmosphere;
s3, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a second preset pressure value and is more than a third preset pressure value, opening the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 to enable the high-pressure regulating valve 10, the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 and the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 to be in a fully open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power generated by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
specifically, the third preset pressure value is a critical pressure value at which a blowing phenomenon is about to occur in a through-flow section before and after a gas supplementing point in the high-pressure air turbine 1, and the pressure value is 5.3MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than 5.3MPa and not greater than 7.2MPa, so that both the high-pressure air-compensating valve 11 and the medium-pressure air-compensating valve 12 can be opened.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (i.e., they are arranged in parallel and are connected in series with each other), and then the series-parallel combination is connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to do work, a part of the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to do work together with the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1, the exhaust gas of the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and the exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.
S4, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a third preset pressure value and is more than a fourth preset pressure value, opening the first low-pressure on-off valve 16, gradually reducing the valve opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 in the process of slowly increasing the opening of the low-pressure regulating valve 17, regulating the valve opening of the high-pressure air compensation valve 11 according to the pressure ratio of an air inlet and an air compensation port of the high-pressure air turbine 1, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensation valve 12 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source to keep the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
specifically, the fourth preset pressure value is the pressure of the compressed air source corresponding to the condition that the valve opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 is regulated to be fully closed, and the value is 5MPa; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 5.3MPa, the expansion ratio of the through-flow section before the air make-up point in the high-pressure air turbine 1 reaches the blowing critical value (namely, the ratio of the pressure of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine to the pressure of the air make-up port reaches the blowing critical value), if the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the ratio of the pressure of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the pressure of the air make-up port is lower than the blowing critical value, so that the high-pressure air turbine generates a blowing phenomenon, in order to overcome the defect, the valve opening degree of the high-pressure air make-up valve 11 is adjusted in real time according to the pressure ratio of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the air make-up port (namely, the pressure of the air inlet is increased, the pressure of the air make-up port is reduced), and the pressure ratio of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the air make-up port is ensured not to be less than the blowing critical value all the time.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (i.e., they are connected in series while being arranged in parallel), and the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 are connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, respectively, so that a part of the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to apply work, a part of the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to apply work together with a part of the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1, the exhaust gas of the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 and another part of the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enter the low-pressure air turbine 3 to apply work together, and the exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted to the atmosphere.
And S5, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a fourth preset pressure value, closing the medium-pressure on-off valve 14, the medium-pressure regulating valve 13, the high-pressure air supplement valve 11 and the medium-pressure heater 15, and gradually increasing the opening degree of the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source until the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12 is fully opened, so that the total power generated by each air turbine is kept unchanged.
When the pressure value of the compressed air source is reduced to 3MPa, the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12 is fully opened, air can not be supplemented continuously, and the energy release mode is finished.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a parallel combination, which is in turn connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 to do work, a part of the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to do work, the exhaust gas from the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 and the exhaust gas from the high-pressure air turbine 1 enter the low-pressure air turbine 3 together to do work, and the exhaust gas from the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.
EXAMPLE five
As shown in FIG. 3, the present embodiment provides a method of operating an air turbine system, which requires the sum of the powers output by the air turbine system of the first or second embodiment within the pressure range of 17MPa to 5MPa of the compressed air source to be 100MW; the operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, when the pressure of a compressed air source is greater than a first preset pressure value, closing a high-pressure air supply valve 11, a first low-pressure on-off valve 16 and a low-pressure regulating valve 17 of a medium-pressure air supply valve 12, and opening a high-pressure on-off valve 9, a medium-pressure on-off valve 14, a high-pressure regulating valve 10, a medium-pressure regulating valve 13, a second low-pressure on-off valve 19, a medium-pressure heater 15 and a low-pressure heater 18 to enable the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 to be in a full-open state, and gradually increasing the opening degree of the high-pressure regulating valve 10 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
specifically, the first preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the high-pressure gulp valve 11, and the value is 15.16MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is always greater than the opening pressure value of the high-pressure air compensating valve 11, so as to ensure that the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 is always in a closed state; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 15.16MPa, the high-pressure regulating valve 10 needs to be in a full-open state (i.e. the valve opening is maximum).
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1, the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 and the low-pressure air turbine 3 form a series combination, so that compressed air from a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 to do work, exhaust from the high-pressure air turbine 1 enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 to do work, exhaust from the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust from the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.
S2, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a first preset pressure value and is more than a second preset pressure value, opening the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 to enable the high-pressure regulating valve 10 and the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 to be in a full-open state, gradually increasing the opening of the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 according to the pressure drop of the compressed air source, and keeping the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
specifically, the second preset pressure value is the opening pressure value of the medium-pressure gulp valve 12, and the value is 13.5MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than 13.5MPa and not greater than 15.16MPa, so that the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 is opened and the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 is still in a closed state; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 13.5MPa, the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 needs to be in a full-open state.
Under the step, the high-pressure air turbine 1, the medium-pressure air turbine 2 and the low-pressure air turbine 3 still form a series combination, so that compressed air of a compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through a high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and a high-pressure air supplementing pipe 5a to do work, exhaust of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enters the medium-pressure air turbine 2 to do work, exhaust of the medium-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and exhaust of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted into the atmosphere;
s3, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a second preset pressure value and is more than a third preset pressure value, opening the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 to enable the high-pressure regulating valve 10, the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 and the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 to be in a fully open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power generated by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
specifically, the third preset pressure value is a critical pressure value at which a blowing phenomenon is about to occur in a through-flow section before a gas supplementing point in the high-pressure air turbine 1, and the pressure value is 8.7MPa; in this step, the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than 8.7MPa and not greater than 13.5MPa, so that both the high-pressure air-supply valve 11 and the medium-pressure air-supply valve 12 can be opened.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (i.e., they are arranged in parallel and are connected in series with each other), and then the series-parallel combination is connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to do work, a part of the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to do work together with the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1, the exhaust gas of the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 enters the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work, and the exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.
S4, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a third preset pressure value and is more than a fourth preset pressure value, opening the first low-pressure on-off valve 16, gradually reducing the valve opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve 13 in the process of slowly increasing the opening of the low-pressure regulating valve 17, regulating the valve opening of the high-pressure air compensation valve 11 according to the pressure ratio of an air inlet and an air compensation port of the high-pressure air turbine 1, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensation valve 12 according to the pressure reduction amount of the compressed air source to keep the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
specifically, the fourth preset pressure value is the pressure of the compressed air source corresponding to the minimum opening of the valve opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve 13, and the value is 8.4MPa; when the pressure of the compressed air source is reduced to 8.4MPa, the expansion ratio of the through-flow section before the air supplementing point in the high-pressure air turbine 1 reaches the blowing critical value (namely the ratio of the pressure of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine to the pressure of the air supplementing port reaches the blowing critical value), if the pressure of the compressed air source is continuously reduced, the ratio of the pressure of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the pressure of the air supplementing port is lower than the blowing critical value to generate a blowing phenomenon, in order to overcome the defect, the valve opening degree of the high-pressure air supplementing valve 11 is adjusted in real time according to the pressure ratio of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the air supplementing port (even if the pressure of the air inlet is increased, the pressure of the air supplementing port is reduced), and the pressure ratio of the air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine 1 to the air supplementing port is ensured not to be smaller than the blowing critical value all the time.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a series-parallel combination (i.e., they are arranged in parallel and connected in series with each other), and the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 are connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, respectively, so that a part of the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 and the high-pressure air supply pipe 5a to do work, a part of the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to do work together with a part of the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1, the exhaust gas of the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 and another part of the exhaust gas of the high-pressure air turbine 1 enter the low-pressure air turbine 3 to do work together, and the exhaust gas of the low-pressure air turbine 3 is exhausted to the atmosphere.
And S5, when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a fourth preset pressure value, closing the medium-pressure regulating valve 13, the medium-pressure on-off valve 14, the high-pressure air compensating valve 11 and the medium-pressure heater 15, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source until the medium-pressure air compensating valve 12 is fully opened, so that the total power emitted by each air turbine is kept unchanged.
When the pressure value of the compressed air source is reduced to 5MPa, the medium-pressure air supplement valve 12 is fully opened, air can not be supplemented continuously, and the energy release mode is finished.
In this step, the high-pressure air turbine 1 and the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 form a parallel combination, which is in turn connected in series with the low-pressure air turbine 3, so that a part of the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the high-pressure air turbine 1 through the high-pressure air inlet pipe 5 to do work, a part of the compressed air from the compressed air source enters the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 through the intermediate-pressure air supply pipe 5b to do work, the exhaust gas from the intermediate-pressure air turbine 2 and the exhaust gas from the high-pressure air turbine 1 enter the low-pressure air turbine 3 together to do work, and the exhaust gas from the low-pressure air turbine 3 is discharged into the atmosphere.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An air turbine system comprising a compressed air source, a high pressure air turbine, an intermediate pressure air turbine and a low pressure air turbine; the compressed air source is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air turbine through a high-pressure air inlet pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure air supplementing pipe and a medium-pressure air supplementing pipe in parallel; the high-pressure air supplementing pipe is communicated with an air supplementing port of the high-pressure air turbine, and a high-pressure air supplementing valve is arranged on the high-pressure air supplementing pipe; the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine, and a medium-pressure air supplementing valve is arranged on the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe; the high-pressure air inlet pipe is provided with a high-pressure on-off valve and a high-pressure regulating valve, and an air inlet of the high-pressure air supplementing pipe and an air inlet of the medium-pressure air supplementing pipe are both positioned between the high-pressure on-off valve and the high-pressure regulating valve; a middle-pressure air inlet pipe and a low-pressure air inlet pipe are arranged at the exhaust port of the high-pressure air turbine in parallel; the medium-pressure air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the medium-pressure air turbine, and a medium-pressure on-off valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve are arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe; the low-pressure air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the low-pressure air turbine, and a first low-pressure on-off valve, a low-pressure regulating valve and a second low-pressure on-off valve are sequentially arranged on the low-pressure air inlet pipe along the flowing direction of the low-pressure air inlet pipe; an air outlet of the medium-pressure air turbine is communicated with a low-pressure air inlet pipe through a medium-pressure exhaust pipe, and an air outlet of the medium-pressure exhaust pipe is positioned between a low-pressure regulating valve and a second low-pressure on-off valve; the exhaust port of the low pressure air turbine is in communication with the atmosphere.
2. An air turbine system according to claim 1, wherein said air turbine system includes a medium pressure heater and a low pressure heater; the medium-pressure heater is arranged on the medium-pressure air inlet pipe, and the low-pressure heater is arranged on the low-pressure air inlet pipe.
3. An air turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said intermediate pressure cylinder is a single flow intermediate pressure cylinder or a double flow intermediate pressure cylinder.
4. The air turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air turbine system includes a generator, and the high-pressure air turbine, the intermediate-pressure air turbine, the low-pressure air turbine, and the generator are sequentially coupled by a coupling to form a tandem shafting.
5. An air turbine system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each air turbine is coupled to an electrical generator by a coupling.
6. A method of operating an air turbine system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method of operation comprises the steps of:
when the pressure of the compressed air source is greater than a first preset pressure value, closing the high-pressure air supplementing valve, the medium-pressure air supplementing valve, the first low-pressure on-off valve and the low-pressure regulating valve, opening the high-pressure on-off valve, the medium-pressure regulating valve, the second low-pressure on-off valve, the medium-pressure heater and the low-pressure heater, enabling the medium-pressure regulating valve to be in a full-open state, gradually increasing the opening degree of the high-pressure regulating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source, and keeping the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the first preset pressure value and is more than the second preset pressure value, opening the high-pressure air compensating valve to enable the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve to be in a full-open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the high-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the second preset pressure value and is more than a third preset pressure value, opening the medium-pressure air compensating valve to enable the high-pressure regulating valve, the medium-pressure regulating valve and the high-pressure air compensating valve to be in a fully open state, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to enable the total power emitted by each air turbine to be kept unchanged;
when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than a third preset pressure value and is more than a fourth preset pressure value, opening a first low-pressure on-off valve, slowly increasing the opening of the low-pressure regulating valve, gradually reducing the opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve, regulating the opening of the high-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure ratio of the air inlet and the air compensating port of the high-pressure air turbine, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source to keep the total power emitted by each air turbine unchanged;
and when the pressure of the compressed air source is not more than the fourth preset pressure value, closing the high-pressure air compensating valve, the medium-pressure on-off valve, the medium-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure heater, and gradually increasing the opening of the medium-pressure air compensating valve according to the pressure reduction of the compressed air source until the medium-pressure air compensating valve is fully opened, so that the total power generated by each air turbine is kept unchanged.
7. The operation method according to claim 6, wherein the first preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the high-pressure air compensation valve, the second preset pressure value is an opening pressure value of the medium-pressure air compensation valve, the third preset pressure value is a critical pressure value of the impending air blast, and the fourth preset pressure value is a pressure value of a corresponding compressed air source when the medium-pressure air turbine and the high-pressure air turbine are switched from a series-parallel state to a parallel state.
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