CN115791699B - Methane telemetry alarm system, method and storage medium based on vertical cavity surface emission - Google Patents
Methane telemetry alarm system, method and storage medium based on vertical cavity surface emission Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection and alarm, in particular to a methane telemetry alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and a storage medium. According to the wavelength of a preset methane gas absorption spectrum line, a laser driving module drives a laser to generate emergent light covering a plurality of methane absorption peaks, a laser beam expanding collimator collimates and irradiates infrared laser onto a diffuse reflection surface, the laser is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and then is collected onto a light receiving surface through a blocking-green system through methane gas, the laser is focused onto a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives transmitted light with gas absorption information, converts an optical signal into an electric signal, the electric signal is subjected to low-noise amplification with a bit of intensity through a trans-blocking amplifying module, the signal is transmitted to a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card transmits the acquired data signal to a processor to process to obtain absorption peak-peak value difference, and telemetering alarm of the methane gas is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas detection and alarm, in particular to a methane telemetry alarm system and method based on vertical cavity surface emission and a storage medium.
Background
For gas molecules, the internal motion includes vibration rotation and electron motion, and the transition between the molecular vibration energy levels is the cause of the infrared absorption spectrum. When the infrared light strikes the gas molecules, if the frequency of the infrared light is exactly equal to the energy of the molecular energy level transition, the molecules are caused to vibrate and transition from the original ground state to a higher vibration energy level, and the energy of the infrared light is absorbed. This process can be quantitatively described by Beer-Lambert law: i t (v)=I 0 (v)exp[-a(v)CL]Wherein I t (v) And I 0 (v) Respectively, the transmitted light intensity and the incident light intensity, v is the frequency of the incident light, C is the volume concentration of the gas to be detected, L is the optical path of the absorbed light, and a (v) is the absorption coefficient at the frequency v.
The formula can be further derived:
therefore, when the temperature pressure of the detection environment and the background gas are stable, the absorption coefficient a (v) is considered to be unchanged, so that the concentration of the gas to be detected is directly proportional to the peak height of the absorption spectrum line, and I can be measured t (v) And I 0 (v) The ratio of (c) can be used to demodulate the target gas concentration.
In the existing detection method, the problem that random noise is too high and absorption peak broadening is too large under high air pressure exists in the single absorption peak detection method, so that the invention patent publication (bulletin) No. CN102495021A discloses a micro water-gas detection system and method based on double absorption peaks, which discloses a double absorption peak detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, which can improve the anti-interference capability of the telemetry system to random noise, the system comprises:
the laser driving module is used for generating constant current and modulation voltage acting on the laser by loading modulation waveforms;
the laser beam expansion collimator is used for changing an incident laser beam into a collimated outgoing beam through the adjustment of the beam expansion lens, expanding the diameter of the collimated beam and reducing the beam divergence angle;
the Cassegrain optical system is used for collecting the transmitted light which is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and transmitted through methane gas, and focusing the transmitted light on the photoelectric detector;
the laser can generate emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of the gas;
the diffuse reflection surface diffusely reflects the collimated outgoing light beam, so that the diffusely reflected light transmits methane gas in a large range;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the optical signal with methane gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal;
the transimpedance amplification module performs low-noise amplification on the received electric signal and transmits the amplified electric signal to the data acquisition card;
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring and amplifying the electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
the processor processes the received electric signals to obtain peak value difference of absorption peaks, and when the peak value difference of the absorption peaks exceeds an alarm threshold value, the audible and visual alarm is controlled to alarm;
the alarm device actively alarms when receiving the alarm signal and is accompanied by audible and visual alarm.
The laser driving module comprises a function generating circuit, a filter circuit, a constant current driving circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, wherein the function generating circuit generates a waveform output signal with required frequency, the filter circuit filters noise of the waveform output signal to generate a modulation saw-tooth wave, the constant current driving circuit generates constant current and loads the constant current to the laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulation voltage output circuit applies modulation voltage to piezoelectric ceramics in the laser to change the internal cavity length of the laser, so that the emergent wavelength is changed.
The laser driving circuit is connected with a laser pin and generates emergent light by loading constant current on a power modulation cathode pin; and the laser generates laser with preset wavelength by loading modulation voltage on the wavelength modulation cathode pin.
Further, a light filter is connected between the photoelectric detector and the blocking-green optical system and is used for absorbing any other wavelength except infrared wavelength, so that the accuracy of detection signals of the photoelectric detector is ensured, and detection errors of the detection signals are prevented.
In some implementations of the first aspect, the system further includes a laser temperature control module, where the laser temperature control module includes a temperature detection resistor, a power supply driving circuit, and a semiconductor refrigerator, the actual temperature of the laser is detected by the temperature detection resistor, and the power supply driving circuit drives the semiconductor refrigerator to control the temperature of the laser according to the actual temperature value of the laser, so as to maintain stability of the emitted light.
The second aspect of the invention provides a methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) According to an absorption spectrum diagram of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, respectively selecting absorption spectrum lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, and respectively setting peak intensities of absorption peaks of the two absorption spectrum lines as a signal point and a reference zero point;
(2) A methane telemetering alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission is arranged in a gas environment to be detected;
(3) Determining the scanning waveform frequency range of the laser, setting the central wavelength of the laser to 1647.5nm, and determining the scanning range of the laser to 13nm according to the absorption spectrum line;
(4) Determining a laser wavelength scanning mode, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser;
(5) And identifying and telemetering the methane gas, reading and obtaining a light intensity value at a gas absorption peak by a processor when the emission wavelength of the laser emission light sweeps an absorption spectrum line at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, and judging whether the difference of the absorption peak and the peak exceeds a set threshold value according to the relation between the emission light and the transmitted light given by a Beer-Lambert law and the methane gas concentration in the gas environment to be detected by the peak difference of the absorption peak, and if so, carrying out audible and visual alarm.
Preferably, two absorption spectral lines with a size equal to one another are selected according to the methane gas absorption spectrum diagram, the two spectral lines have relatively strong absorption intensity, the two absorption spectral lines have differences in absorption intensity, the peak intensity of a large absorption peak is set as a signal point, the peak intensity of a small absorption peak is set as a reference zero point, and the amplitude intensity of the signal point is 1.85 times of the amplitude intensity of the reference zero point.
The methane telemetry alarm system device based on vertical cavity surface emission in the third aspect comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor realizes the methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission when executing program data stored in the memory.
A fourth aspect provides a readable storage medium for storing program data, wherein the program data when executed by a processor implements a vertical cavity surface emission based methane telemetry alarm method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention improves the bandwidth scanning range by adopting the VCSEL, can cover a plurality of gas absorption peaks, controls the temperature of the VCSEL by utilizing the laser temperature control module, maintains stable wavelength and optical power, and can avoid influencing the detection result due to the temperature of the laser;
(2) The transmitted light carrying the gas absorption information is collected by adopting a Cassegrain optical system, so that the influence of the irregularity of a laser light path can be prevented;
(3) The processor can solve the problem of overlarge random noise interference at the non-absorption baseline by setting a signal point and a reference zero point and selecting the reference zero point at another absorption position, and can improve the anti-interference capability of a telemetry system on random noise;
(4) The processor adopts the peak value difference of the absorption peak to represent the gas concentration, thereby completing the detection of the methane gas concentration, setting an alarm threshold value, controlling the audible and visual alarm when the absorption peak value difference exceeds the threshold value, and ensuring the response speed and the accuracy of a methane telemetering alarm system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the absorption spectrum of methane gas between 1635nm and 1660 nm.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments.
The invention provides a methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, as shown in figure 1, which comprises:
the laser driving module comprises a function generating circuit, a filter circuit, a constant current driving circuit and a modulation voltage output circuit, wherein the function generating circuit generates a waveform output signal with required frequency, the filter circuit filters noise of the waveform output signal to generate a modulation saw-tooth wave, the constant current driving circuit generates constant current and loads the constant current to the laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulation voltage output circuit applies modulation voltage to piezoelectric ceramics in the laser to change the internal cavity length of the laser, so that the emergent wavelength is changed;
the laser beam expansion collimator is used for adjusting an incident laser beam to be a collimated emergent beam, expanding the diameter of the collimated beam and reducing the beam divergence angle;
the Cassegrain optical system is used for collecting the transmitted light which is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and transmitted through methane gas and focusing the transmitted light onto the photoelectric detector;
the laser is a VCSEL laser (vertical cavity surface emitting laser ) without a tail fiber packaged by T0, the laser driving circuit is connected with a VCSEL laser pin, and emergent light is generated by loading constant current on a power modulation cathode pin; the wavelength modulation cathode pin is loaded with modulation voltage, so that the laser generates laser with preset wavelength, and emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of the gas is generated;
the diffuse reflection surface is used for carrying out diffuse reflection on the collimated emergent light beam, so that the diffuse reflection light transmits methane gas in a large range;
the photoelectric detector is of the model of IG17X2000G1i, has a response coefficient of about 0.9A/W to infrared light in general response, has a relatively flat gain, and is used for receiving an optical signal with gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal;
the transimpedance amplifying module comprises a transimpedance amplifying circuit and an inverse amplifying circuit, and is used for amplifying the received electric signals with low noise and transmitting the amplified signals to the data acquisition card;
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring and amplifying the electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
the processor is used for processing the received electric signals to obtain peak value difference of absorption peaks, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to alarm when the peak value difference of the absorption peaks exceeds an alarm threshold value;
and the alarm device actively alarms when receiving the alarm signal and is accompanied with audible and visual alarm.
Further, the output end of the laser driving module is connected with the laser, the laser is connected with the laser beam expansion collimator through multimode optical fibers, an open space optical path for providing detection gas is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and the Kaposi-Green optical system, the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the output end of the Kaposi-Green optical system, the input end of the transimpedance amplifying module is connected with the output end of the photoelectric detector, the data acquisition card is connected with the output end of the transimpedance amplifying module, and the processor is respectively connected with the output end of the data acquisition card and the audible-visual alarm.
In a specific embodiment, an optical filter is connected between the photoelectric detector and the cassegrain optical system and is used for absorbing any other wavelength except infrared wavelength, so that the accuracy of detection signals of the photoelectric detector is ensured, and detection errors of the detection signals are prevented.
Further specifically, the system further comprises a laser temperature control module, wherein the laser temperature control module comprises a temperature detection resistor, a power supply driving circuit and a semiconductor refrigerator (Thermo Electric Cooler, TEC for short), the actual temperature of the laser is detected through the temperature detection resistor, and the power supply driving circuit drives the TEC to control the temperature of the laser according to the actual temperature value of the laser, so that the stability of emergent light is maintained.
In addition, the invention also provides a methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission, which comprises the following steps:
(1) According to an absorption spectrum diagram of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, respectively selecting absorption spectrum lines at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, and respectively setting peak intensities of absorption peaks of the two absorption spectrum lines as a signal point and a reference zero point;
by inquiring an absorption spectrum diagram of methane gas in a high-resolution molecular transmission absorption database (high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database, HITRAN for short) between 1635nm and 1660nm, two absorption spectrum lines with relatively strong absorption intensity are selected, the two absorption spectrum lines have difference in absorption intensity, the peak intensity of a large absorption peak is set as a signal point, the peak intensity of a small absorption peak is set as a reference zero point, and the amplitude intensity of the signal point is 1.85 times of the amplitude intensity of the reference zero point.
(2) The methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission is arranged in a gas environment to be measured, and the optical path is adjusted to meet the requirement of light irradiation normal work;
the VCSEL laser is connected with a laser driving module formed by the constant current driving circuit and the modulation voltage output circuit, and the VCSEL laser is connected with the laser beam expansion collimator through multimode optical fibers to output infrared collimated laser to the diffuse reflection surface. An open space light path for providing detection gas is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and the Cassegrain optical system, and the photoelectric detector is arranged at the focus of the Cassegrain optical system, so that infrared laser which is diffusely reflected back to the light receiving surface of the Cassegrain optical system through the diffuse reflection surface is focused on the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector. An optical filter is connected between the photoelectric detector and the Cassegrain optical system, the central wavelength of the optical filter is 1647.5nm, the bandwidth is 50nm, the photoelectric detector is connected with a transimpedance amplifying module formed by a transimpedance amplifying circuit and a reverse amplifying circuit, the transimpedance amplifying module is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card, and the processor is connected with data acquisition to read the data of gas detection.
(3) The scanning waveform frequency range of the laser is determined, the central wavelength of the laser is set to 1647.5nm, and the scanning range of the laser is determined to be 13nm according to the absorption spectrum line.
(4) And determining a laser wavelength scanning mode, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser.
(5) Identifying and telemetering the methane gas, when the emergent wavelength of the emergent light of the laser sweeps an absorption spectrum line at two wavelengths of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm, reading and obtaining a light intensity value at a gas absorption peak by a processor, and according to the relation between the emergent light and the transmitted light given by a Beer-Lambert law, characterizing the concentration of the methane gas in a gas environment to be detected by the peak value difference of the absorption peak, judging whether the peak value difference of the absorption peak exceeds a set threshold value, and if so, performing audible and visual alarm;
according to the wavelength of a preset methane gas absorption spectrum line, a laser driving module is used for loading modulated sawtooth waves with the frequency of 5hz and the amplitude of moderate, a constant current of 25mA and a triangular wave modulation voltage of-5V to-17V are used for driving a laser, the VCSEL laser is driven to generate emergent light covering a plurality of methane absorption peaks, a laser beam expanding collimator is used for collimating and incidence of infrared laser on a diffuse reflection surface, an open space light path is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and a Kaposi-green optical system and can accommodate detection gas, the laser is collected on a light receiving surface through a Kaposi-green system after being reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and focused on a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector receives transmitted light with gas absorption information, optical signals are converted into electric signals, the received electric signals are amplified in a low noise mode through a trans-impedance amplifying module, the signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is used for processing and analyzing the acquired data signals to a processor, and the methane gas concentration is further obtained.
The processor performs fitting processing on the collected absorption signals so that two wings of the absorption peak are regarded as transmission signals which do not participate in absorption, and after the absorption peak signals are scratched, the wavelength and the power response curve of the absorption peak signals are determined to adopt second-order polynomial fitting to obtain the light intensity value I of the incident light according to the harmonic characteristics of the VCSEL laser 0 ；
When the emission wavelength of the emitted light of the VCSEL laser sweeps through the two absorption spectral lines, the following relationship between the emitted light and the transmitted light can be obtained through Beer-Lambert law:
wherein I is tv01 And I tv02 Respectively corresponding to the light intensity values of the transmitted light at the two absorption lines, I 0 S is the intensity of incident light 01 (T) and S 02 (T) is the absorption intensity of the two absorption lines at the temperature T, g (v) 01 ) And g (v) 02 ) Corresponding to the values at the peak values of the linear functions of the two absorption lines, v 01 And v 02 The wave number forms of the absorption peak positions of the two absorption lines are respectively. P is the total pressure value of the sample gas, k is the Boltzmann constant, C is the proportion of methane gas in the sample gas, namely the gas concentration, and L is the absorption light path.
Therefore, when the methane gas concentration in the middle area of the optical path of the telemetry system is different, the peak value difference of the absorption peaks is also different, so that the peak value difference can be used for representing the gas concentration.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a methane telemetry alarm system device based on vertical cavity surface emission, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor realizes the methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission when executing program data stored in the memory.
Finally, the invention also provides a readable storage medium for storing program data which when executed by a processor implements a methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission.
It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this disclosure describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or may be performed in a different order from the order in the embodiments, or several steps may be performed simultaneously.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or modifications within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. Methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission, characterized in that the methane telemetry alarm system comprises:
a laser driving module: loading a modulation waveform for generating constant current and modulation voltage acting on the laser, wherein the laser driving module is connected with a laser pin, and the power modulation cathode pin is loaded with the constant current to generate emergent light; the wavelength modulation cathode pin is loaded with modulation voltage, so that the laser generates laser with preset wavelength;
laser beam expanding collimator: adjusting an incident laser beam to become a collimated outgoing beam, expanding the diameter of the collimated beam, and reducing the beam divergence angle;
cassegrain optical system: the device is used for collecting the transmitted light which is reflected by the diffuse reflection surface and transmitted through methane gas, and focusing the transmitted light onto the photoelectric detector;
a laser: generating emergent light covering a plurality of absorption peaks of the gas;
diffuse reflection surface: the collimated outgoing beam is subjected to diffuse reflection, so that the diffuse reflection light transmits methane gas in a large range;
photo detector: the device is used for receiving an optical signal with methane gas absorption information and converting the optical signal into an electric signal;
and a transimpedance amplification module: amplifying the received electric signal with low noise at a certain intensity, and transmitting the amplified electric signal to a data acquisition card;
a data acquisition card: the system is used for collecting and amplifying the electric signals and transmitting the signals to the processor;
a processor: processing the received electric signals to obtain peak value difference of absorption peaks, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to alarm when the peak value difference of the absorption peaks exceeds an alarm threshold value;
and an alarm device: actively alarming when receiving the alarm signal, and carrying out audible and visual alarm;
an open space light path for providing detection gas is arranged between the diffuse reflection surface and the Cassegrain optical system, and the photoelectric detector is arranged at the focus of the Cassegrain optical system, so that infrared laser which is diffusely reflected back to the light receiving surface of the Cassegrain optical system through the diffuse reflection surface is focused on the photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector;
the methane telemetry alarm system also comprises a methane telemetry alarm method based on vertical cavity surface emission, and the methane telemetry alarm method comprises the following specific steps:
according to an absorption spectrum diagram of methane between 1635nm and 1660nm, selecting peak intensities of two absorption peaks of 1650.96nm and 1648.21nm as a signal point and a reference zero point respectively, wherein the amplitude intensity of the signal point is 1.85 times of that of the reference zero point;
the methane telemetry alarm system is arranged in a methane gas environment;
determining the scanning waveform frequency range of the laser, setting the central wavelength of the laser to 1647.5nm, and determining the scanning range of the laser to 13nm according to the absorption spectrum line;
determining a laser wavelength scanning mode, scanning and outputting optical signals with different wavelengths by the laser, and forming periodic wavelength scanning by changing the emergent wavelength of the laser;
and identifying and telemetering the methane gas, reading and obtaining a light intensity value at a gas absorption peak by a processor when the emission wavelength of the laser emission light sweeps through the two absorption spectral lines, and judging whether the absorption peak-peak value difference exceeds a set threshold value or not according to the relation between the emission light and the transmission light given by the Beer-Lambert law by representing the methane gas concentration through the peak value difference of the absorption peak, and if so, carrying out audible and visual alarm.
2. The methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission according to claim 1, wherein the laser driving module comprises a function generating circuit, a filtering circuit, a constant current driving circuit and a modulating voltage output circuit, the function generating circuit generates a waveform output signal with required frequency, the filtering circuit filters noise from the waveform output signal to generate a modulating saw-tooth wave, the constant current driving circuit generates constant current and loads the constant current to the laser to enable the laser to emit light, and the modulating voltage output circuit applies modulating voltage to piezoelectric ceramics in the laser to change the internal cavity length of the laser, so that the emergent wavelength is changed.
3. The methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission as recited in claim 1, wherein an optical filter is connected between the photodetector and the stuck-green optical system.
4. The methane telemetry alarm system based on vertical cavity surface emission as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a laser temperature control module, wherein the laser temperature control module comprises a temperature detection resistor, a power supply driving circuit and a semiconductor refrigerator, the actual temperature of the laser is detected through the temperature detection resistor, and the power supply driving circuit drives the semiconductor refrigerator to control the temperature of the laser according to the actual temperature value of the laser, so that the stability of emergent light is maintained.
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