CN115650775B - Biomass garbage resource conversion equipment and method - Google Patents
Biomass garbage resource conversion equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115650775B CN115650775B CN202211204878.8A CN202211204878A CN115650775B CN 115650775 B CN115650775 B CN 115650775B CN 202211204878 A CN202211204878 A CN 202211204878A CN 115650775 B CN115650775 B CN 115650775B
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Abstract
The invention provides biomass garbage resource conversion equipment and a biomass garbage resource conversion method, which relate to the technical field of biomass garbage treatment, and adopt a centrifugal high-speed multistage garbage crusher to rapidly crush garbage and accelerate degradation, fermentation and decomposition conversion of microorganisms on the garbage; the extrusion dehydrator is canceled, wet garbage is directly fed into the fermentation bin and is mixed with the biological fungus bed in the fermentation bin under the action of the stirrer, so that the materials are dry and wet uniformly, and organic matters in the garbage are rapidly degraded, decomposed and converted into amino acid and glucose. The water in the garbage is gasified at high temperature, hot air exhausted by the stirrer blows off the water of the materials in the stirring process, a large amount of water vapor is sprayed to a condensing chamber at the upper part of the fermentation bin, so that the vapor is separated into distilled water and air, the separated clean distilled water is automatically discharged into a drainage ditch to be directly discharged, and the air is discharged into an air purifier to be purified through an exhaust pipe at the top of the fermentation bin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass garbage treatment, and particularly relates to biomass garbage resource conversion equipment and method.
Background
Garbage is a material which is abandoned in daily work, life and production, and the human treatment method is landfill, incineration, composting and other technologies. However, the environmental pollution caused by the air and underground water can be caused by perishable garbage (kitchen, crop wastes, human and animal excreta, etc.) such as landfill, and the ecological environment is endangered. If the waste water is burnt, dehydration and drying are needed, the generated waste water needs to be treated, and the heat value rate of the slag is low, so that the temperature of the incinerator can be reduced, and even the service life of equipment can be reduced. Such as natural compost, which is decomposed by microorganisms, but occupies a large area, has large space and heavy smell, and generates a large amount of sewage and malodorous gas when the microorganisms are decomposed, and natural water and air may be polluted by the natural compost when the natural compost is processed. Therefore, a device for harmless, reducing and recycling treatment of perishable garbage has been developed.
The existing garbage treatment equipment generally adopts high-temperature fermentation, and the main process flow comprises the following steps: in practical application, the treatment technologies of crushing, dehydration, electric heating, stirring, oxygenation, microbial degradation and the like have high energy consumption and large sewage discharge, and the treated product has high water content, secondary water pollution, high running cost, complex structure and difficult popularization and promotion.
The specific technical disadvantages are as follows:
1. The garbage breaking capacity is poor, high-fiber garbage cannot be broken, broken particles are large, and the microbial decomposition time is long.
2. By mechanical extrusion dehydration, a certain amount of high-concentration organic wastewater is generated, and if the wastewater is not treated, the environment and the water source are easy to be polluted.
3. The fermentation temperature rise is slow, and the prior equipment adopts the external electric heating conduction temperature rise of a fermentation bin, so that the heat utilization rate is low and the electric energy loss is large.
4. The microbial bed is not needed, and some equipment is also provided with the microbial bed, but a total amount control device of the microbial bed is used for discharging, so that part of biological bacteria are taken out of a fermentation bin together during discharging, and secondary fermentation is delayed due to the reduction of microbial biomass.
5. And (3) in the non-decomposition period, drying and discharging are carried out within 24 hours, so that the output does not reach the quality standard of the organic fertilizer.
6. The steam generated during garbage fermentation is directly pumped and discharged by a fan, so that the temperature of a fermentation bin which is supposed to be kept warm is reduced, the fermentation rate is reduced, the treatment time is prolonged, and the electric energy is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides biomass garbage resource conversion equipment, which comprises a garbage crushing chamber and a fermentation bin, wherein a garbage crusher for crushing biomass garbage is arranged in the garbage crushing chamber, and the fermentation bin comprises a stirrer, a fungus bed, a hot air heating chamber, a condensation chamber and an exhaust pipe;
The stirrer comprises a hot air inlet pipe, a central shaft, a hot air coil pipe, an air pipe, a blowing-off pipe, a spiral conveying blade and a stirrer motor, wherein the hot air inlet pipe, the central shaft, the hot air coil pipe, the air pipe and the blowing-off pipe are of hollow tubular structures, the spiral conveying blade is installed on the central shaft and used for conveying garbage and treated fertilizers, the hot air coil pipe comprises an inner coil pipe and an outer coil pipe, the inner coil pipe and the outer coil pipe are reversely and spirally installed on the outer side of the central shaft and communicated with the central shaft, the hot air heating chamber is connected with the hot air inlet pipe and used for providing hot air for the stirrer, the hot air inlet pipe, the central shaft, the air pipe and the blowing-off pipe are sequentially connected, the blowing-off pipe is located above the central shaft, an air outlet is formed in the blowing-off pipe, the fungus bed is located below the central shaft, the stirrer motor is connected with the central shaft and drives the central shaft and the hot air coil pipe to rotate so as to mix garbage with biological fungi in the fungus bed, and the condensation chamber is located above the blowing-off pipe and used for condensing water vapor generated by garbage fermentation, and the condensation chamber is located in a condensation chamber.
Further, the stirrer further comprises a left shaft head, a right shaft head, a shaft seat and a blocking plate, wherein the shaft seat is arranged on the left shaft head and the right shaft head, one end of the central shaft is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, the other end of the central shaft is connected with the central hole of the left shaft head in a butt joint way, one end of the outer coil is connected with the air outlet of the right shaft head in a butt joint way, the other end of the outer coil is connected with the outer surface of the left shaft head, the central shaft is provided with the blocking plate in the cross section direction, the central shaft is divided into two sections which are not communicated with each other, namely a first central shaft and a second central shaft, one end of the first central shaft is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, one end of the second central shaft is connected with the central hole of the left shaft head in a butt joint way, one end of the inner coil is connected with the tail end of the outer coil on the outer surface of the left shaft head, the other end of the inner coil is connected with the air inlet hole, the hot air inlet pipe is connected with the air outlet of the right shaft head, and the air pipe is communicated with the central hole of the left shaft head.
Further, one end of each of the air pipe and the hot air inlet pipe is installed inside the central shaft.
Further, a part of the hot air coil pipe in the stirrer is immersed in the fungus bed, and a plurality of bin fishing plates are arranged on the hot air coil pipe.
The hot air replaces an electric heating tube or heat conduction oil to heat, simultaneously can supply heat to the stirrer, supplies oxygen to microorganisms, blows off and dries the water in the materials on the stirrer bin-fishing plate, has multiple purposes, simplifies the mechanical structure and reduces the manufacturing cost.
Further, a drain is arranged below the condensation chamber and used for discharging water condensed by the condensation chamber out of the fermentation bin.
The hot air introduced into the stirrer directly heats the garbage, the garbage enters a fermentation bin with a fungus bed, and then is mixed with biological bacteria in the fungus bed through the stirrer, the air discharged from a stripping pipe in the stirrer is used for supplying oxygen to microorganisms, and the aerobic microorganisms can degrade and stabilize cellulose, carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid, fatty acid and the like of the organic garbage. A large amount of steam can be generated during garbage fermentation, and meanwhile, the stirrer can continuously heat garbage, so that the water in the fermented product can be continuously evaporated. The gas exhausted by the stirrer returns into the fermentation bin, and besides the oxygen supply to the microorganisms, the water on the surface of the fermented product is blown off, so that the water vapor generated in the fermentation and heating processes directionally enters the condensing chamber to be condensed into water drops, and the water drops enter the drainage ditch and then are automatically discharged out of the fermentation bin. The water vapor is in the form of water gas, which is only water with changed substance state and still exists in the form of H 2 O molecules, so that the discharged condensed water is clean water and does not pollute the environment.
Further, garbage crusher includes casing, feed inlet, goes up blade disc, lower blade disc, main shaft, fixed knife, flail knife, centrifugal knife and rubbing crusher motor, the feed inlet is installed in the top of casing, go up blade disc, lower blade disc, fixed knife, flail knife and centrifugal knife all install the inside of casing, go up the blade disc and be located the top of lower blade disc, go up the through-hole is all seted up at the center of blade disc and lower blade disc, install the blade disc axle in the through-hole, the main shaft suit is in the inside of blade disc axle, fixed knife is installed the top of going up the blade disc, go up the blade disc with vertically install the flail knife axle down between the blade disc, the flail knife is installed on the flail knife axle, the centrifugal knife is installed the below of lower blade disc, rubbing crusher motor with the main shaft is connected, drives fixed knife, flail knife and centrifugal knife rotate, smash rubbish.
The fixed knife is eccentrically fixed above the upper cutterhead, the flail knife is fixed at the periphery of the upper cutterhead and the lower cutterhead, the centrifugal knife is eccentrically fixed below the lower cutterhead, when garbage is about to contact with the upper cutterhead in the garbage crusher after entering the feed inlet, the garbage is quickly sucked by the upper cutterhead rotating at high speed, the large garbage is quickly torn and shredded by the fixed knife, coarse crushing in the first step is carried out, and then flies away from the flail knife entering between the upper cutterhead and the lower cutterhead, is finely crushed by the flail knife, then gravity enters the centrifugal knife at the lower part of the lower cutterhead, and the finely crushed garbage is thrown out of the crusher by the centrifugal knife along with the high-speed rotation of the garbage crusher. Whether the garbage is common garbage or high-fiber garbage, the garbage can be thoroughly crushed by a fixed knife, a flail knife and a centrifugal knife in the garbage crusher.
Further, the cross section of fermentation storehouse is the U type, and upper portion cross-section is the rectangle, and lower part cross-section is semi-circular, the lower part outside of fermentation storehouse sets up the hot air heat preservation, and semicircular lower part centre of a circle position installs the center pin of agitator, hot-blast intake pipe with the outside of fermentation storehouse is installed to the air pipe.
Further, the garbage bin is lifted by the garbage bin lifting machine, and the garbage bin hanging mechanism is arranged on the garbage bin lifting machine and is used for lifting the garbage bin hung on the garbage bin hanging mechanism, so that garbage is poured into the garbage crusher.
Further, the air purifier is connected with the exhaust pipe.
The top of the fermentation bin is provided with a condensing chamber, when water vapor generated during fermentation rises to the condensing chamber, water drops flow down from the cooling fins at the top of the bin to enter the drainage ditch to be discharged out of the fermentation bin, gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe at the top of the bin, and the discharged gas enters the air purifier for treatment and then is discharged into the atmosphere, so that secondary pollution is prevented.
Further, a temperature monitoring device and a humidity monitoring device are arranged in the fermentation bin, so that the total amount of the active microorganisms and the microbial flora is always kept, and the fermentation bin is added once and enjoyed for life, and organic matters are degraded and decomposed at any time.
The invention provides a biomass garbage resource conversion method, which adopts the biomass garbage resource conversion equipment, and the biomass garbage is poured into a garbage crushing chamber, crushed by a garbage crusher, then the crushed garbage is sent into a fermentation chamber by a spiral conveying blade, the biomass garbage and biological bacteria in a bacterial bed are mixed along with rotation of a stirrer, hot air is provided for the fermentation chamber by a hot air heating chamber, the biological bacteria act on the fermentation chamber to ferment garbage, the fermented fertilizer is discharged out of the fermentation chamber by the spiral conveying blade, water vapor in the fermentation chamber is condensed into water drops by a condensing chamber and finally discharged out of the fermentation chamber, and gas in the fermentation chamber is discharged through an exhaust pipe.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The invention provides biomass garbage resource conversion equipment and a method, wherein on-site workers only need to push garbage cans into a garbage can lifter and click a lifting key of the garbage can lifter to finish all operation processes of garbage pretreatment, manual feeding and daily discharging of a garbage crusher are not needed, the garbage cans can be directly put into a feed inlet of the garbage crusher for rapid crushing, a mechanical dehydration feeding mechanism is not needed, and feeding, crushing and feeding are finished by one machine of the crusher.
(2) The invention provides a biomass garbage resource conversion device and a biomass garbage resource conversion method, wherein hot air replaces an electric heating pipe or heat conduction oil to heat, simultaneously, the stirrer can be supplied with heat, microorganisms are supplied with oxygen, and the material moisture on a bin dragging plate of the stirrer is blown off and dried.
(3) The invention provides a biomass garbage resource conversion device and a biomass garbage resource conversion method, which have no secondary pollution and waste water: the sewage generated in the garbage treatment process is changed into water vapor and then rises into a condensing chamber to be liquefied into water drops, and clean condensed water is discharged. Exhaust gas: the separated gas is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard through an air purifier, and the solid garbage is converted into organic fertilizer.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass waste resource conversion device;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a biomass waste resource conversion apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of biomass waste resource conversion apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the garbage crusher;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stirrer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a garbage disposal flow;
Reference numerals:
1. A garbage crusher; 1-1, a shell; 1-2, a feeding port of a pulverizer; 1-3, feeding a cutter head; 1-4, a lower cutter head; 1-5, a main shaft; 1-6, fixed knife; 1-7, flail knife; 1-8, a centrifugal knife; 1-9, a grinder motor; 1-10, a discharging hole of the pulverizer;
2. A stirrer; 2-1, a hot air inlet pipe; 2-2, a central shaft, 2-3 and an inner coil pipe; 2-4, an outer coil; 2-5, an air pipe; 2-6 parts of blow-off pipe, 2-7 parts of exhaust port; 2-8, spiral conveying blades; 2-9, a bin fishing plate; 2-10, a speed reducer;
3. A fungus bed; 4. a hot air heating chamber; 5. a condensing chamber; 6. an exhaust pipe; 7. a drainage ditch; 8. a hot air heat preservation layer; 9. an air cooler interface; 10. an air heater interface; 11. a control box; 12. a sprocket cover; 13. a garbage can lifter; 14. a pneumatic discharge door; 15. a barrel hanging mechanism; 16. an air cooler; 17. a drain pipe; 18. a fertilizer discharge port; 19. an air heater.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below in conjunction with the detailed description. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
In the drawings, like structural elements are referred to by like reference numerals and components having similar structure or function are referred to by like reference numerals. The dimensions and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention is not limited to the dimensions and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components is exaggerated in some places in the drawings for clarity of illustration.
Examples:
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment provides a biomass garbage resource conversion device, which comprises a garbage crushing chamber and a fermentation chamber, wherein a garbage crusher 1 for crushing biomass garbage is arranged in the garbage crushing chamber, and the fermentation chamber comprises a stirrer 2, a fungus bed 3, a hot air heating chamber 4, a condensation chamber 5 and an exhaust pipe 6;
The garbage crusher 1 comprises a shell 1-1, a crusher feed port 1-2, an upper cutter disc 1-3, a lower cutter disc 1-4, a main shaft 1-5, a fixed cutter 1-6, a cutter throwing shaft 1-7, a centrifugal cutter 1-8 and a crusher motor 1-9, wherein the crusher feed port 1-2 is arranged above the shell 1-1, the upper cutter disc 1-3, the lower cutter disc 1-4, the fixed cutter 1-6, the cutter throwing motor 1-7 and the centrifugal cutter 1-8 are all arranged inside the shell 1-1, the upper cutter disc 1-3 is arranged above the lower cutter disc 1-4, through holes are formed in the centers of the upper cutter disc 1-3 and the lower cutter disc 1-4, a cutter disc shaft is arranged in the through holes, the main shaft 1-5 is sleeved inside the cutter disc shaft, the fixed cutter 1-6 is arranged above the upper cutter disc 1-3, the cutter throwing shaft is vertically arranged between the upper cutter disc 1-3 and the lower cutter disc 1-4, the cutter throwing cutter 1-7 is arranged on the cutter throwing shaft, the centrifugal cutter 1-7 is divided into an upper stage and a lower stage, the centrifugal cutter 1-8 is arranged below the centrifugal cutter motor 1-4, and the main shaft is connected with the crusher cutter 1-4 through the main shaft 1-5 to the crusher motor 1-5, and the main shaft is driven by the main shaft 1-5 to rotate to the crusher 1-5.
The fixed knife 1-6 is eccentrically fixed above the upper cutter disc 1-3, the flail knife 1-7 is fixed on the periphery of the upper cutter disc 1-3 and the lower cutter disc 1-4, the centrifugal knife 1-8 is eccentrically fixed below the lower cutter disc 1-4, when the garbage enters the feeding hole 1-2 of the garbage crusher and is about to contact with the upper cutter disc 1-3 in the garbage crusher 1, the garbage is quickly sucked by the upper cutter disc 1-3 rotating at a high speed, the large garbage is quickly torn and torn by the fixed knife 1-6 to be crushed for coarse crushing at the first step, then flies out of the flail knife 1-7 entering between the upper cutter disc 1-3 and the lower cutter disc 1-4, is cut and crushed by the multistage flail knife 1-7, then gravity enters the centrifugal knife 1-8 at the lower part of the lower cutter disc 1-4, and the crushed garbage is thrown out of the crusher by the centrifugal knife 1-8 along with the high-speed rotation of the garbage crusher 1. The garbage crusher 1 is provided with a crusher discharge port 1-10, the fermentation bin is provided with a fermentation bin feed port, and the crushed garbage is sent into the fermentation bin provided with the microbial bed 3 through the spiral conveying blade because the crusher discharge port 1-10 is connected with the fermentation bin feed port. Whether the garbage is common garbage or high-fiber garbage, the garbage can be thoroughly crushed through the fixed knife 1-6, the flail knife 1-7 and the centrifugal knife 1-8 in the garbage crusher 1.
The stirrer 2 comprises a hot air inlet pipe 2-1, a central shaft 2-2, a hot air coil pipe, an air pipe 2-5, a stripping pipe 2-6, a spiral conveying blade 2-8 and a stirrer motor, wherein the hot air inlet pipe 2-1, the central shaft 2-2, the hot air coil pipe, the air pipe 2-5 and the stripping pipe 2-6 are hollow tubular structures, the spiral conveying blade 2-8 is arranged on the central shaft 2-2 and is used for conveying garbage and treated fertilizer, the hot air coil pipe is divided into an inner coil pipe and an outer coil pipe 2-3 and an outer coil pipe 2-4, the inner coil pipe 2-3 and the outer coil pipe 2-4 are reversely arranged on the outer side of the central shaft 2-2 in a double spiral manner and are communicated with the central shaft 2-2, the hot air heating chamber 4 is connected with the hot air inlet pipe 2-1 and provides hot air for the stirrer 2, the hot air inlet pipe 2-1, the central shaft 2-2, the air pipe 2-5 and the stripping pipe 2-6 are sequentially connected, the stripping pipe 2-6 is positioned above the central shaft 2-2, the air outlet 2-7 is arranged on the stripping pipe 2-6, the fungus bed 3 is positioned below the central shaft 2-2, a part of a hot air coil pipe in the stirrer 2 is immersed in the fungus bed 3, a plurality of bin fishing plates 2-9 are arranged on the hot air coil pipe, a stirrer motor is connected with the central shaft 2-2 to drive the central shaft 2-2 and the hot air coil pipe to rotate, garbage is mixed with biological bacteria in the fungus bed 3, the condensing chamber 5 is positioned above the stripping pipe 2-6, cold air is provided for the condensing chamber 5 through the cold air blower 16, the cold air blower 16 is connected with the cold air blower interface 9, the drain 7 is arranged below the condensing chamber 5, the drainage ditch 7 is connected with a drainage pipe 17, the condensation chamber 5 is used for condensing water vapor generated by garbage fermentation into water drops, the water condensed by the condensation chamber 5 is discharged out of the fermentation bin through the drainage ditch 7 and the drainage pipe 17, and the exhaust pipe 6 is positioned above the condensation chamber 5 and is used for discharging gas in the fermentation bin.
The stirrer motor is connected with a speed reducer 2-10, the rotating speed can be reduced through the speed reducer 2-10, the speed reducer 2-10 and a gear of a central shaft 2-2 drive the central shaft 2-2 to rotate through chain transmission, a sprocket cover 12 is arranged outside the gear on the central shaft 2-2 for safety and attractive appearance, and a central control unit of the whole biomass garbage resource conversion equipment is arranged in a control box 11.
The stirrer 2 further comprises a left shaft head, a right shaft head, a shaft seat and a blocking plate, the shaft seat is arranged on the left shaft head and the right shaft head, one end of the central shaft 2-2 is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, the other end of the central shaft 2-2 is connected with the central hole of the left shaft head in an opposite way, one end of the outer coil 2-4 is connected with the air outlet of the right shaft head in an opposite way, the other end of the outer coil 2-4 is connected with the outer surface of the left shaft head, the central shaft 2-2 is provided with the blocking plate in the cross section direction, the central shaft 2-2 is divided into two sections which are not communicated with each other, the two sections are respectively a first central shaft and a second central shaft, one end of the first central shaft is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, one end of the second central shaft is connected with the central hole of the left shaft head in an opposite way, an air inlet hole is formed in the second central shaft, one end of the inner coil 2-3 is connected with the tail end of the outer coil 2-4 connected with the outer surface of the left shaft head, the other end of the inner coil 2-3 is connected with the air inlet, the hot air inlet pipe 2-1 is connected with the air outlet of the right shaft head, and the air pipe 2-5 is communicated with the central hole of the left shaft head.
The hot air in the hot air heating chamber 4 is provided by a hot air blower 19, the hot air blower 19 is connected with a hot air blower interface 10, then the hot air is sent into an outer coil pipe 2-4 through an air outlet of a right shaft head by a hot air inlet pipe 2-1, the leftmost end of the outer coil pipe 2-4 is directly communicated with an inner coil pipe 2-3 from right to left, then the hot air enters the inner coil pipe 2-3, then the hot air enters a central shaft 2-2 (left side of a blocking plate and a second central shaft) from left to right by an air inlet hole, then flows out of the central shaft 2-2 from right to left by the central shaft 2-2, enters an air pipe 2-5, then enters an in-cabin blowing-off pipe 2-6, the hot air is discharged from an air outlet 2-7 to form an in-cabin hot air layer, and the hot air discharged from the air outlet 2-7 blows off moisture on garbage carried out by a bin-taking plate 2-9 when the stirrer 2 rotates, and simultaneously supplies oxygen to microorganisms.
The agitator that this embodiment provided is more applicable to the equipment that garbage disposal is big, can accelerate the mixing and the heating of solid microorganism fungus bed and solid rubbish in the fermentation storehouse, in certain process time, can shorten process time, improves treatment efficiency.
One side of a central shaft 2-2 of the stirrer 2 is provided with a fertilizer discharge hole 18, the fertilizer discharge hole 18 is connected with a pneumatic discharge door 14, the fertilizer after the garbage is subjected to microorganism treatment is reversed through the stirrer 2, the fertilizer is sent into the fertilizer discharge hole 18 by a spiral conveying blade 2-8 welded on the central shaft 2-2, and then the fertilizer is discharged out of the fermentation bin through the pneumatic discharge door 14.
One ends of the air pipe 2-5 and the hot air inlet pipe 2-1 are arranged in the central shaft 2-2 and are sealed, when the stirrer motor is started, the hot air coil pipe, the central shaft 2-2 and the spiral conveying blades rotate under the action of the left shaft head, the right shaft head and the shaft seat, and the air pipe 2-5, the hot air inlet pipe 2-1 and the stripping pipe 2-6 are kept still.
The hot air replaces an electric heating tube or heat conduction oil to heat, meanwhile, the stirrer 2 can be supplied with heat and oxygen to microorganisms, and the material moisture on the bin plate 2-9 of the stirrer 2 is blown off and dried, so that the device has multiple purposes, reduces energy consumption, simplifies a mechanical structure and reduces manufacturing cost.
The hot air introduced into the stirrer 2 directly heats the garbage, the garbage enters a fermentation bin provided with a fungus bed 3, and then is mixed with biological bacteria in the fungus bed 3 through the stirrer 2, the air discharged from the blow-off pipes 2-6 in the stirrer 2 is used for supplying oxygen to microorganisms, and the aerobic microorganisms can degrade and stabilize cellulose, carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid, fatty acid and the like of the organic garbage. A large amount of steam can be generated during garbage fermentation, and meanwhile, the stirrer 2 can continuously heat the garbage, so that the water in the fermented product can be continuously evaporated. The gas discharged by the stirrer 2 returns into the fermentation bin, and besides the oxygen supply to the microorganisms, the water on the surface of the fermented product is blown off, so that the water vapor generated in the fermentation and heating processes directionally enters the condensation chamber 5 to be condensed and liquefied into water drops, and the water drops enter the drainage ditch 7 and then are automatically discharged out of the fermentation bin. The water vapor is in the form of water gas, which is only water with changed substance state and still exists in the form of H 2 O molecules, so that the discharged condensed water is clean water and does not pollute the environment.
The cross section of the fermentation bin is U-shaped, the upper section is rectangular, the lower section is semicircular, a hot air heat preservation layer 8 is arranged outside the lower part of the fermentation bin, a central shaft 2-2 of a stirrer 2 is arranged at the center of the semicircular lower part, an aerobic microorganism fungus bed 3 is arranged below the central shaft 2-2, and a hot air inlet pipe 2-1 and an air pipe 2-5 are arranged outside the fermentation bin.
The biomass garbage resource conversion equipment is provided with a garbage can lifting machine 13 and a garbage can hanging mechanism 15, the garbage can hanging mechanism 15 is arranged on the garbage can lifting machine 13, the garbage can lifting machine 13 is arranged on the front face of the feeding hole 1-2 of the crusher, and the garbage can lifting machine 13 is used for lifting the garbage can hung on the garbage can hanging mechanism 15, so that garbage is poured into the garbage crusher 1.
The field staff only need to push the barreled garbage into the garbage can lifting machine 13 and click the lifting key of the garbage can lifting machine 13 to finish all operation processes of garbage pretreatment, manual feeding of the garbage crusher 1 is not needed, daily discharging is not needed, the barreled garbage can be directly put into the crusher feed inlet 1-2 of the garbage crusher 1 for rapid crushing, a mechanical dehydration feeding mechanism is not needed, and feeding, crushing and feeding are finished by one crusher.
And the air purifier is connected with the exhaust pipe 6.
The top of the fermentation bin is provided with the condensation chamber 5, when the vapor generated during fermentation rises to the condensation chamber 5, water drops flow down from the cooling fins at the top of the bin and enter the drainage ditch 7 to be discharged out of the fermentation bin, gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 at the top of the bin, and the discharged gas enters the air purifier for treatment and then is discharged into the atmosphere, so that secondary pollution is prevented.
The temperature monitoring device and the humidity monitoring device are arranged in the fermentation bin, so that the total amount of the active microorganisms and the microbial flora is always kept, the fermentation bin is added once and enjoyed for life, and organic matters are degraded and decomposed at any time.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention provides a biomass garbage resource conversion method, which adopts the biomass garbage conversion equipment as described above, and the specific conversion method is that the biomass garbage is poured into a garbage crushing chamber, the biomass garbage is crushed by a garbage crusher 1, then the crushed garbage is sent into a fermentation chamber by a spiral conveying blade 2-8, the biomass garbage and biological bacteria in a bacterial bed 3 are mixed with each other along with the rotation of a stirrer 2, hot air is provided for the fermentation chamber by a hot air heating chamber 4, the biological bacteria act on the hot air, garbage fermentation is carried out, the fermented fertilizer is discharged out of the fermentation chamber by the spiral conveying blade 2-8, water vapor in the fermentation chamber rises to form water drops by a condensing chamber 5 and is finally discharged out of the fermentation chamber, and gas in the fermentation chamber is discharged through an exhaust pipe 6.
The main technical parameters of the biomass garbage resource conversion equipment for garbage treatment are as follows;
1. Treatment medium: solid garbage such as food residues, crop wastes, garden branches and leaves, melons, fruits, vegetables, livestock manure, animal viscera and the like;
2. single machine processing capability: 10-3000 KG/day;
3. Treatment cycle: 120H; (the material can be continuously fed for 10 days and then discharged once); the total volume of the bacterial bed 3 is more than one third of the total garbage treatment capacity, the total volume of the fermentation bin is more than 5 times of the garbage treatment capacity, and the fermentation bin can accommodate dry and wet garbage treated for 9-10 days, so that the whole process of converting garbage in the primary fermentation period, the main fermentation period and the decomposing period into fertilizer is achieved;
4. The output is: the agricultural organic fertilizer can be used for greening, farmland, fertilizing fruits and vegetables, and also can repair soil and improve soil quality;
5. Voltage used: 380V;
6. Electricity consumption: 30-50 DEG/ton of garbage;
7. microbial consumption: 2.5 yuan/ton of garbage;
8. zero discharge of sewage and discharge of waste gas into the air purifier after reaching the purification standard;
In order to reduce energy consumption and prevent secondary pollution (sewage, waste gas and waste residue), the application adopts a centrifugal high-speed multistage garbage crusher 1 to rapidly crush garbage and accelerate degradation, fermentation and decomposition conversion of microorganisms on the garbage. The extrusion dehydrator is canceled, wet garbage is directly fed into the fermentation bin and is mixed with the biological fungus bed 3 in the fermentation bin under the action of the stirrer 2, so that the materials are dry and wet uniformly, the total water content is kept at 60-65%, the temperature of the materials is controlled between 60-70 ℃, the most active period of microorganisms is reached, and the organic matters in the garbage are rapidly degraded, decomposed and converted into amino acid and glucose. The temperature of the materials in the garbage can reach about 70 ℃ in the fermentation process, the moisture in the garbage is gasified at high temperature, hot air discharged by the stirrer 2 blows off the moisture of the materials in the stirring process, a large amount of water vapor is rushed to the condensation chamber 5 at the upper part of the fermentation bin, so that the vapor is separated into distilled water and air, the separated clean distilled water is automatically discharged into the drainage ditch 7 for direct discharge, and the air is discharged into the air purifier for purification through the exhaust pipe 6 at the top of the fermentation bin. The reduction rate of the garbage to be treated in the same day can reach 90-95% after a series of process treatments of the equipment. The garbage can be continuously thrown for at least 1 week, the garbage is automatically discharged once after one week, the pneumatic discharging door 14 is opened during discharging until no material is discharged, the pneumatic discharging door 14 is automatically closed after discharging is finished, and the equipment continues to circularly treat the garbage in a reciprocating mode.
Finally, it should be noted that: the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The biomass garbage resource conversion equipment is characterized by comprising a garbage crushing chamber and a fermentation bin, wherein a garbage crusher (1) for crushing biomass garbage is arranged in the garbage crushing chamber, and the fermentation bin comprises a stirrer (2), a fungus bed (3), a hot air heating chamber (4), a condensing chamber (5) and an exhaust pipe (6);
The stirrer (2) comprises a hot air inlet pipe (2-1), a central shaft (2-2), a hot air coil pipe, an air pipe (2-5), a blowing-off pipe (2-6), a spiral conveying blade (2-8) and a stirrer motor, wherein the hot air inlet pipe (2-1), the central shaft (2-2), the hot air coil pipe, the air pipe (2-5) and the blowing-off pipe (2-6) are of hollow tubular structures, the spiral conveying blade (2-8) is arranged on the central shaft (2-2) and is used for conveying garbage and treated fertilizer, the hot air coil pipe comprises an inner coil pipe (2-3) and an outer coil pipe (2-4), the inner coil pipe (2-3) and the outer coil pipe (2-4) are reversely arranged on the outer side of the central shaft (2-2) and are communicated with the central shaft (2-2), the hot air pipe (2-1) is connected with the hot air inlet pipe (2-5) to supply hot air for the stirrer (2), the hot air inlet pipe (2-1), the central shaft (2-2), the air pipe (2-5) and the blowing-off pipe (2-6) are sequentially arranged on the blowing-off pipe (2-6), an air outlet (2-7) is formed in the stripping tube (2-6), the fungus bed (3) is located below the central shaft (2-2), the stirrer motor is connected with the central shaft (2-2) to drive the central shaft (2-2) and the hot air coil to rotate, garbage is mixed with biological bacteria in the fungus bed (3), the condensing chamber (5) is located above the stripping tube (2-6) and used for condensing water vapor generated by garbage fermentation into water drops, and the exhaust tube (6) is located above the condensing chamber (5) and used for discharging gas in the fermentation bin;
The stirrer (2) further comprises a left shaft head, a right shaft head, a shaft seat and a blocking plate, wherein the shaft seat is arranged on the left shaft head and the right shaft head, one end of the central shaft (2-2) is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, the other end of the central shaft (2-2) is connected with a central hole of the left shaft head in an opposite way, one end of the outer coil (2-4) is connected with an air outlet opposite way of the right shaft head, the other end of the outer coil is connected with the outer surface of the left shaft head, the central shaft (2-2) is provided with the blocking plate along the cross section direction, the central shaft (2-2) is divided into two sections which are not communicated with each other, the two sections are respectively a first central shaft and a second central shaft, one end of the first central shaft is connected with the outer surface of the right shaft head, one end of the second central shaft is connected with a central hole of the left shaft head in an opposite way, one end of the inner coil (2-3) is connected with the tail end of the outer coil (2-4) connected with the outer surface of the left shaft head, the other end of the inner coil is connected with the air inlet hole of the left shaft (2-3), and the inner coil is connected with the air inlet hole of the air inlet pipe (1-air inlet pipe is connected with the left shaft (1-air inlet pipe);
One end of the air pipe (2-5) and one end of the hot air inlet pipe (2-1) are arranged in the central shaft (2-2);
A part of a hot air coil pipe of the stirrer (2) is immersed in the fungus bed (3), and a plurality of bin fishing plates (2-9) are arranged on the hot air coil pipe;
A temperature monitoring device and a humidity monitoring device are arranged in the fermentation bin, so that the activity of microorganisms and the total amount of microbial flora are always kept.
2. Biomass waste resource conversion apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a drain (7) is provided below the condensation chamber (5) for draining the water condensed by the condensation chamber (5) out of the fermentation tank.
3. The biomass garbage recycling equipment according to claim 1, wherein the garbage crusher (1) comprises a shell (1-1), a crusher feed port (1-2), an upper cutter (1-3), a lower cutter (1-4), a main shaft (1-5), a fixed cutter (1-6), a flail knife (1-7), a centrifugal cutter (1-8) and a crusher motor (1-9), the crusher feed port (1-2) is arranged above the shell (1-1), the upper cutter (1-3), the lower cutter (1-4), the fixed cutter (1-6), the flail knife (1-7) and the centrifugal cutter (1-8) are arranged inside the shell (1-1), the upper cutter (1-3) is arranged above the lower cutter (1-4), through holes are formed in the centers of the upper cutter (1-3) and the lower cutter (1-4), a cutter shaft is arranged in the through holes, the main shaft (1-5) is sleeved inside the shell (1-1), the fixed cutter shaft (1-3) is arranged between the cutter shaft (1-3) and the lower cutter (1-4), the utility model discloses a garbage crusher, which is characterized in that a flail knife (1-7) is arranged on a flail knife shaft, a centrifugal knife (1-8) is arranged below a lower cutter head (1-4), a crusher motor (1-9) is connected with a main shaft (1-5) to drive the fixed knife (1-6), the flail knife (1-7) and the centrifugal knife (1-8) to rotate, and garbage is crushed.
4. The biomass garbage resource conversion equipment according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the fermentation bin is U-shaped, the cross section of the upper part of the fermentation bin is rectangular, the cross section of the lower part of the fermentation bin is semicircular, a hot air heat preservation layer (8) is arranged outside the lower part of the fermentation bin, a central shaft (2-2) of the stirrer (2) is arranged at the center of the semicircular lower part, and the hot air inlet pipe (2-1) and the air pipe (2-5) are arranged outside the fermentation bin.
5. The biomass waste resource conversion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a waste bin elevator (13) and a bin hanging mechanism (15), the bin hanging mechanism (15) being mounted on the waste bin elevator (13), the waste bin elevator (13) being configured to elevate a waste bin hanging on the bin hanging mechanism (15) so as to pour waste into the waste pulverizer (1).
6. The biomass waste resource conversion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air cleaner connected to the exhaust pipe (6).
7. A biomass waste resource conversion method using the biomass waste resource conversion apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the method comprises:
Pouring biomass garbage into a garbage crushing chamber, crushing the biomass garbage by a garbage crusher (1), and directly feeding the crushed wet garbage into a fermentation bin by a spiral conveying blade (2-8);
Along with the rotation of the stirrer (2), the biomass garbage and the biological bacteria in the bacterial bed (3) are mixed, so that the dry and wet uniformity of the materials is achieved, the total water content is kept at 60-65%, the temperature of the materials is controlled between 60-70 ℃, and the most active period of the microorganisms is reached;
The hot air in the hot air heating chamber (4) is provided by a hot air blower (19), the hot air blower (19) is connected with a hot air blower interface (10), then the hot air is sent into an outer coil (2-4) through an air outlet of a right shaft head by a hot air inlet pipe (2-1), the leftmost end of the outer coil (2-4) is directly communicated with an inner coil (2-3) from right to left, then the hot air enters the inner coil (2-3), the hot air is sent from left to right to the head and enters a central shaft (2-2) through an air inlet hole, then flows out of the central shaft (2-2) from right to left through the central shaft (2-2) and enters an air pipe (2-5), then enters an in-cabin blowing-off pipe (2-6), the hot air is discharged from an air outlet (2-7) to form an in-cabin air layer, and the hot air blown-off stirrer (2) from the air outlet (2-7) rotates and is blown off moisture on garbage carried by a bin fishing plate (2-9) and simultaneously supplies oxygen to microorganisms;
the biological bacteria act to ferment garbage; the fermented fertilizer is discharged out of the fermentation bin through the spiral conveying blades (2-8), water vapor in the fermentation bin is condensed into water drops through the condensing chamber (5) and finally discharged out of the fermentation bin, and gas in the fermentation bin is discharged through the exhaust pipe (6);
The garbage is continuously thrown for at least one week, the garbage is automatically discharged once after one week, the pneumatic discharging door (14) is opened during discharging until no garbage is discharged, and the pneumatic discharging door (14) is automatically closed after discharging is finished.
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| CN212441482U (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-02-02 | 吕军 | Branch chip machine knife tackle structure |
| CN218202578U (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-03 | 上海同迅环保科技有限公司 | Biomass garbage resource conversion equipment |
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| JP2001137811A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-22 | Jacpa Corporation:Kk | Treating device of garbage |
| CN206425330U (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-08-22 | 浙江加百列生物科技有限公司 | A kind of kitchen garbage microbiological treatment all-in-one |
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