CN115626636A - Carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115626636A CN115626636A CN202211172136.1A CN202211172136A CN115626636A CN 115626636 A CN115626636 A CN 115626636A CN 202211172136 A CN202211172136 A CN 202211172136A CN 115626636 A CN115626636 A CN 115626636A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical group CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008363 butyronitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N metamizole Chemical compound O=C1C(N(CS(O)(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/34—Length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
- C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
- C01B2202/36—Diameter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts; dispersing auxiliary agent: 1-5 parts; solvent: 85-98 parts of a binder; wherein the dispersant is hydrogenated butyronitrile, and the dispersing auxiliary agent is highly methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin. The method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw rubber into particles with the particle size of 0.4-1.2cm by using a rubber crusher; step two: placing the rubber particles in a double-planet vacuum stirrer, adding 1/3 solvent, and swelling; step three: adding 1/3 solvent into the swelling solution at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h for dissolving; step four: adding 1/3 of solvent into the solution in the step (3), rotating at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h, and dissolving again; step five: adding dispersing assistant MF at 500rpm for 5-30min at 30 deg.c for mixing; step six: removing iron possibly existing in the solution by using an iron remover; step seven: removing impurities and part of gel substances existing in the solution by using a filter; step eight: and (4) finishing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery manufacturing materials, in particular to a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid and a preparation method thereof, and the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid is particularly suitable for production and manufacturing of lithium batteries and 3C consumption, rate type, energy storage type and power type batteries.
Background
When the carbon nano tube is applied to the lithium battery, the carbon nano tube is easy to agglomerate and tangle due to high polarization, smooth surface, strong van der waals force between tubes, high specific surface area and large length-diameter ratio. Thus, carbon tubes used in pastes and electrodes typically require pre-dispersion. The carbon nanotube pre-dispersion solution includes a dispersant or a surfactant to prevent self-aggregation of the carbon nanotubes, enhance solvation of the carbon nanotubes, and obtain appropriate fluid properties to enhance dispersion stability.
Various surfactants and dispersants, including polyvinyl pyridone (PVP), nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), amines, acrylics and other pi conjugated group linked amphiphiles and molecules, have been used to improve dispersion of carbon nanotubes in solvents.
HNBR is currently widely studied because it is a polymer material closest to PVDF in performance, has excellent ion-passing performance, and is a material most likely to replace other dispersants in the future. However, the use of HNBR alone for carbon nanotube dispersion still has some disadvantages, in that HNBR is incompatible with PVDF first, which may result in gel-like aggregates and non-homogeneous phenomena when HNBR is used in high amounts, resulting in dispersion non-uniformity, coating non-uniformity, poor electrical properties, etc. when PVDF slurry is mixed, gel-like aggregates and non-homogeneous phenomena occur.
In addition, HNBR is taken as a rubber macromolecular material, and the dissolution process of the HNBR is obviously different from that of a solid low-molecular material. The dissolution process is extremely slow and does not disperse and dissolve as quickly as low molecular materials.
Secondly, the whole process is divided into two stages-swelling, post-dissolution, rather than one-step. Therefore, the time is very long, and the traditional production process adopts an open mill for plasticating, thinly passes through the lower sheet, and then the sheet is placed in a solvent for soaking and dissolving; or after mixing with other auxiliary agents, the lower sheet is cut into relatively large blocks or sheets, and then solvent is carried out, so that the process is complex and long in time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid which has good carbon nano tube dispersibility and reduces the system viscosity and a preparation method thereof.
The specific technical scheme is as follows: a carbon nanotube dispersion:
dispersing agent according to mass portion: 1-10 parts; dispersing auxiliary agent: 1-5 parts; solvent: 85-98 parts of a solvent;
wherein the dispersant is hydrogenated butyronitrile, and the dispersing auxiliary agent is highly methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin.
Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR), which not only improves the dispersion of carbon nanotubes, but also improves the mechanical, chemical, physical and thermal properties of the composite;
in order to make up for the deficiency of HNBR as a dispersant, a multifunctional dispersing aid MF, a highly methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin having various functional groups (-OH, -COON, -CONH) was introduced 2 Etc.). The introduction of the dispersing auxiliary MF increases the compatibility, overcomes the problems of gel-like and heterogeneous phase, and improves the dispersibility of the carbon nano tube.
As an optimization: the ratio of the dispersing agent to the dispersing aid is 1. The single use of the primary dispersant, HNBR and PVDF are incompatible, which can lead to gel-like aggregates and non-homogeneous phenomena when mixed with PVDF slurry, leading to non-uniform dispersion, non-uniform coating, poor electrical properties, etc. The assistant dispersing agent is added, and the heterogeneous problem is solved due to the interaction of various functional groups of the assistant dispersing agent, PVDF and HNBR. The problem of heterogeneous phase can be effectively avoided only by controlling the proportion of HNBR to MF within a certain range, and poor dispersibility can be caused by the fact that MF is too little, interaction groups are few and heterogeneous phase is still generated; too much MF will cause interaction between the excess MF and carbon tubes after slurry mixing, resulting in poor dispersibility. )
As an optimization: the content of the residual double bonds of the hydrogenated butyronitrile is 0.5 to 20 percent, and the content of ACN is 15 to 60 percent. The residual double bonds of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber are related to the oxidation resistance in the charging and discharging processes of the battery, the double bonds are unstable, and the excessive double bonds can be electrochemically oxidized, so that the electrical property is influenced; the content of ACN is related to oil resistance, and as an oily dispersant, the dispersant is expected to have excellent oil resistance so as to maintain stability, and in the subsequent use process, swelling does not occur, too low ACN has poor oil resistance, too high ACN has poor low temperature resistance, the polarity is increased, the flexibility of a molecular chain is reduced, and the wrapping effect of the dispersant on CNTs is reduced. Therefore, the residual double bonds and ACN content of HNBR need to be selected within a suitable range.
A preparation method of a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw rubber into particles with the particle size of 0.4-1.2cm by using a rubber crusher;
step two: placing the rubber particles in a double-planet vacuum stirrer, adding 1/3 solvent, and swelling;
step three: adding 1/3 solvent into the swelling solution at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h for dissolving;
step four: adding 1/3 solvent into the solution in the step (3), rotating at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h, and dissolving again;
step five: adding dispersing assistant MF at 500rpm for 5-30min at 30 deg.c for mixing;
step six: removing iron possibly existing in the solution by using an iron remover;
step seven: removing impurities and part of gel substances existing in the solution by using a filter;
step eight: and (4) finishing.
As an optimization: in the first step, the rubber crusher crushes the raw rubber into particles with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm.
As an optimization: in the second step, the initial stirring speed is 300-800rpm.
As an optimization: in the third step and the fourth step, the dissolving and stirring speed is high speed of 2000-3000rpm.
As an optimization: in the fifth step, the auxiliary agent is dissolved at a low rotating speed for a short time, the low temperature is 300-500rpm,5-30min, and the temperature is below 30 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) is used as a dispersing agent, so that the dispersion of the carbon nano tube can be improved, and the mechanical, chemical, physical and thermal properties of the composite material can be improved;
in order to make up for the deficiency of hydrogenated nitrile rubber as a dispersant, a multifunctional dispersing aid MF, a highly methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin having various functional groups (-OH, -COON, -CONH) is used 2 Etc.). The introduction of the dispersing auxiliary MF increases the compatibility, overcomes the problems of gel-like and heterogeneous phase, and improves the dispersibility of the carbon nano tube.
The method comprises the steps of crushing, swelling and dissolving the rubber of the dispersant, further dissolving and mixing with the dispersion aid. The production time is greatly shortened by optimizing the rubber dissolving and dispersing steps; the novel polymer rubber dispersant improves the dispersibility of the carbon nano tube, and the dispersibility and the compatibility of the carbon nano tube solution are further improved by introducing a dispersing auxiliary agent.
The hydrogenated nitrile rubber as a rubber macromolecular material has a dissolution process which is obviously different from that of a solid low-molecular material. The dissolution process is extremely slow and does not disperse and dissolve as quickly as low molecular materials. The whole process of the method is divided into two stages, namely swelling and post-dissolving, rather than one step. Therefore, the time is very long, and the traditional production process adopts an open mill for plasticating, thinly passes through the lower sheet, and then the sheet is placed in a solvent for soaking and dissolving; or after mixing with other auxiliary agents, the lower sheet is cut into relatively large blocks or sheets, and then solvent is carried out, so that the process is complex and long in time. The method adopts a rubber crushing rotor, and finally greatly shortens the dissolving time by controlling the adding amount of the solvent, the stirring speed and time, the dissolving equipment and the like of the rubber with small particle size, so as to obtain the uniformly dispersed rubber dispersion.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention and to clearly and clearly define the scope of the present invention.
Examples 1 to 2
Name(s) | Example 1 | Example 2 |
Nitrile rubber (wt%) | 1 | 8 |
Auxiliary MF (wt%) | 1 | 4 |
Solvent (wt%) | 98 | 88 |
Example 1
Crushing 0.3Kg of raw rubber particles into rubber particles with the particle size of about 1cm, placing the rubber particles in a double-planet vacuum stirrer, adding 9.8Kg of solvent, and rotating at 500rpm for 2h; adding 9.8Kg of solvent into the swelling solution at 2500rpm for 3h; then adding 9.8Kg of solvent at 2500rpm for 3h; adding dispersing auxiliary MF 0.3Kg,500rpm,5min and below 30 deg.c; removing iron possibly existing in the solution by using an iron remover; impurities present in the solution and a part of the gel substance were removed by a filter to obtain a dispersion 1.
Example 2
2.4Kg of raw rubber particles with the particle size of about 1cm are crushed into rubber raw rubber particles, the rubber raw rubber particles are placed in a double-planet vacuum stirrer, 8.8 of solvent is added, the rotating speed is 500rpm, and after 2h; adding 1/3 solvent into the swelling solution at 2500rpm for 3h; then 8.8 of solvent is added, the rotating speed is 2500rpm, and the time is 3h; adding dispersing auxiliary MF 1.2kg,500rpm,5min and below 30 deg.c; removing iron possibly existing in the solution by using an iron remover; the impurities present in the solution and a part of the gel substance were removed by a filter, thereby obtaining a dispersion 2.
Preparing 5 mass-concentration carbon nanotube solutions from the dispersions obtained in example 1 and example 2, respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) to the HNBR is 5;
name (R) | Examples 1 to 1 | Example 2-1 |
Dispersion 1 (g) | 100 | 0 |
Dispersion 2 (g) | 0 | 12.5g |
CNT(g) | 5 | 5 |
Solvent (g) | 0 | 87.5 |
The diameter D90 of the carbon tube in examples 1-1 and 1-2 was 10 to 15um and the length was 50 to 150um. According to the mixture ratio of the embodiment 1-1 and 1-2, the prepared solution is stirred at a high speed of 2000rpm for 30min, and then 0.3mm ZrO is adopted 2 Grinding with grinding beads, setting the rotating speed: 500rpm for 0.5 hour, and then the rotation speed is increased to 2500rpm for 2.5 hours. To obtain the carbon nano tube dispersion liquid.
Name (R) | Examples 1 to 1 | Example 2-1 |
Solid content (%) | 7 | 6.5 |
Viscosity (mPa.S) | 680 | 740 |
Tests show that the dispersion liquid obtained in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 has short dissolving time, simple steps and complete dissolution; the results of examples 1-1 and 2-1 show that the dispersion has good dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes, and the added dispersing auxiliary further improves the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes and reduces the viscosity of the system.
Claims (8)
1. A carbon nanotube dispersion characterized by:
dispersing agent according to mass portion: 1-10 parts; dispersing aid: 1-5 parts; solvent: 85-98 parts of a solvent;
wherein the dispersant is hydrogenated butyronitrile, and the dispersing auxiliary agent is highly methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin.
2. The carbon nanotube dispersion liquid according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the dispersing agent to the dispersing aid is 1.
3. The carbon nanotube dispersion according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the residual double bonds of the hydrogenated butyronitrile is 0.5 to 20 percent, and the content of ACN is 15 to 60 percent.
4. The method for producing a carbon nanotube dispersion according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw rubber into particles with the particle size of 0.4-1.2cm by using a rubber crusher;
step two: placing the rubber particles in a double-planet vacuum stirrer, adding 1/3 solvent, and swelling;
step three: adding 1/3 solvent into the swelling solution at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h for dissolving;
step four: adding 1/3 solvent into the solution in the step (3), rotating at 2000-3000rpm for 2-4h, and dissolving again;
step five: adding dispersing assistant MF at 500rpm for 5-30min at 30 deg.c for mixing;
step six: removing iron possibly existing in the solution by using an iron remover;
step seven: removing impurities and part of gel substances existing in the solution by using a filter;
step eight: and (4) finishing.
5. The method for producing a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid according to claim 4, wherein: in the first step, the rubber crusher crushes the raw rubber into particles with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm.
6. The method for producing a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid according to claim 4, wherein: in the second step, the initial stirring speed is 300-800rpm.
7. The method for producing a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid according to claim 4, wherein: in the third step and the fourth step, the dissolving and stirring rotating speed is high rotating speed of 2000-3000rpm.
8. The method for producing a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid according to claim 4, wherein: in the fifth step, the auxiliary agent is dissolved at a low rotating speed for a short time, the low temperature is 300-500rpm,5-30min, and the temperature is below 30 ℃.
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KR20240150888A (en) | 2023-04-10 | 2024-10-17 | 주식회사 서현테크켐 | Manufacturing method of carbon nanotube dispersed solution with improved dispersibility |
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KR20180054355A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Carbonnanotube dispersion and method of preparing the same |
CN113421695A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-21 | 苏州汉纳材料科技有限公司 | Aqueous carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, conductive slurry and preparation method thereof |
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KR20180054355A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Carbonnanotube dispersion and method of preparing the same |
CN107317034A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-11-03 | 深圳市国创珈伟石墨烯科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation, process for dispersing and the equipment of graphene/carbon nano-tube composite conducting slurry |
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KR20240150888A (en) | 2023-04-10 | 2024-10-17 | 주식회사 서현테크켐 | Manufacturing method of carbon nanotube dispersed solution with improved dispersibility |
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