CN115573297A - 海岸舟桥 - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
- E01D15/14—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
- E01D15/14—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges
- E01D15/145—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges displaceable or with sections movable to allow passing of water-borne traffic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
- E02B3/064—Floating landing-stages
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
- E02B3/102—Permanently installed raisable dykes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
- E02B3/102—Permanently installed raisable dykes
- E02B3/104—Permanently installed raisable dykes with self-activating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
海岸舟桥,是在沿海近岸浅水区选定一块海域,通过搭建浮动防浪堤、浮码头、串连海岸舟桥船,连接经典舟桥或沉箱,组建成海岸舟桥体系,连接到岸边陆地,目的是通过船舶停靠在浮码头上装卸车辆、人员、设备和物资,通过舟桥,在岸边陆地和浮码头之间快速大量地运输。军事上,可用于登陆作战胜利后建立临时海岸舟桥快速大量输送人员物资上岸;或者反向操作,从海岸输送到船舶上。民用,可用于在没有港口码头的海边建立海岸舟桥,给停靠的船舶装卸货物;还可用于沿海应急救援,通过临时搭建海岸舟桥,紧急输送或者撤离人员、物资和设备。
Description
舟桥是连接舟或浮体而成的浮桥。主要供军事上克服江河障碍用。本发明提出的海岸舟桥,顾名思义要在海上和岸边陆地之间搭建舟桥,且要比经典意义的舟桥复杂得多;首先要在临近海岸的浅海里架设浮动防浪堤,以形成一个大大减小波浪影响的临时港池;其次,不是从此岸通到对岸,而是从前述浅海里临时港池里放置浮码头;第三从浮码头通往海岸陆地的浮桥,需要由专门的海岸舟桥船串连,且可能要在潮间带需要用经典意义的舟桥体串连,涨潮时候浮起,落潮时候与滩涂硬接触,无论涨潮还是落潮情况下,都必须保障浮桥不间断,便于车辆在浮码头和海岸陆地之间通行,目的是在海上和陆地之间快速运送大量的物资装备人员。总之就是在沿海近岸浅水区选定一小块海域,通过搭建浮动防浪堤、浮码头和舟桥,建立海岸舟桥连接到岸边陆地,便于车辆从停靠在浮码头的船舶上,行驶到浮码头上,再通过舟桥行驶到岸边陆地上,或者反向操作。
在军事上,登陆作战进攻一方控制了港口和码头之外的若干滩涂海岸区域,选取一个区域,即在敌人意想不到的浅海区域,建立有防浪防风功能的临时港池、浮动码头和舟桥,搭建海岸舟桥,目的是在短时间内大量输送人员、物资和装备上岸。同样防守一方也可以建立这样的海岸舟桥,用于快速输送或撤离人员物资装备。
民用应用场景有两个。第一是在基础设施欠缺的海岛,对外发运矿产品时候,也可以建立这样的海岸舟桥,以较低成本建立一个浮码头,向停靠在浮码头的货船装运矿石。第二是应急救援方面,在发生海啸地震的海岛或者沿海,如果原有码头已经毁损,急需救援,就可以建立这样的海岸舟桥作为临时浮码头,用于快速输送或者撤离人员物资设备。
技术领域
1、涉及浮动防浪堤,甚至涉及海上围油栏。
2、涉及到浮码头(趸船)、甲板驳或半潜船等。
3、涉及舟桥、登陆艇、三体船等船舶和水上交通技术。
4、涉及土石方施工、港湾施工与道路施工技术与机械设备。
5、涉及海洋和近海水文、气候、地貌等学科及技术。
6、涉及拖轮,锚艇的使用。
技术背景
1、浮动防浪堤,在学术上有一定的探索,在一些港口和海边养殖场已经有一定范围的实际应用。在本发明中,浮动防浪堤需要强化,必要的时候还要多重设置。
2、浮码头,也叫趸船,根据需要,有时需要若干艘趸船连接在一起形成一个浮码头,还可以用甲板驳和半潜船充当临时的浮码头,用于停靠海轮装卸物资、人员和设备等。甲板驳分无动力甲板驳和自航甲板驳,在近海工程施工时候,有时需要用甲板驳作为浮码头,比如海上风电场的修建过程中,会用甲板驳作为临时的浮码头。半潜船通常拥有宽大的主甲板,且抗风浪性能比甲板驳或趸船更加优越,只是半潜船的使用成本要高得多。
3、舟桥是连接舟或浮体而成的浮桥,主要供军事上克服江河障碍用。登陆艇是小船艇和在海洋里航行的运输或运载军事力量工具;它通常被使用在一次两栖攻击期间中去从海对岸运输或运载着陆军事力量(如步兵和战车)。三体船共享一个主甲板及上层结构,其两个侧片体只能看成是附体,其排水量只占总排水量的10%以下,每个片体的长度小于船舶总长的三分之一。片体的主要作用是提高船舶的稳定性和耐波性。舟桥、登陆艇(舰)和三体船概念和技术,在本发明里涉及到的是从浮码头连接到海岸陆地的舟桥,经典的舟桥主要是用于内陆江河通行,要用到近岸浅海连接到岸边陆地,需要对舟桥做改造,包括但不限于抗风浪性能、稳性方面以及连接器件的改造,以适用于沿海环境(已经另外申请专利)。
4、由于海岸舟桥是在近海与陆地之间建立通道,势必有在没有道路等基础设施的野外和海岸滩涂施工的可能性,在搭建舟桥的过程中,不可避免的要有土石方工程施工和道路工程施工,甚至需要搭建临时的贝雷桥,这就需要配备一定数量的施工机械和人员,也会用到港湾施工船机作业。
5、二次大战时期,美军有丰富的登陆作战实践。在合适的滨海陆地到海滩和极浅水下岸坡之间,美军曾使用沉箱作为路基,修建栈桥,把登陆舰的跳板搭在栈桥上,形成通道,车辆得以在陆地和登陆舰之间快速通行。
6、拖轮和锚艇。拖轮分港作拖轮和远洋拖轮。海岸舟桥的浮动防浪堤、浮码头、海岸舟桥和舟桥,在搭建海域和现场,需要拖轮拖到位或者辅助定位。浮动防浪堤、浮码头、海岸舟桥和舟桥还需要抛锚定位,这就用到锚艇。
发明内容
海岸舟桥,主要由浮动防浪堤、浮码头、海岸舟桥船(已经另外申请实用新型专利)和铺垫在潮间带的舟桥(或沉箱)组成。浮码头可以是无动力甲板驳、自航甲板驳或者半潜船。
目的是在靠近海岸线的浅海里,通过搭建临时的避风防浪港池,在里面搭建浮码头和适应海况的舟桥(由许多艘海岸舟桥船、加上经典的舟桥,甚至需要沉箱首尾连接而成),连通到岸上的陆地,用于在陆地和海船之间,快速大量输送人员物资设备。
附图说明
图1是海岸舟桥总布置图示意图。
从说明书附图看,展开的海岸舟桥分3大部分,分别是浮动防浪堤、浮码头和海岸舟桥+ 舟桥(或加沉箱)组成一个整体。按照图中阿拉伯数字标示,海岸舟桥主体和周围浅海、海滩和陆地组成如下:
1为浮码头;
2为海岸舟桥+舟桥(或加沉箱);
3为浮动防浪堤;
4代表的白色区域,是浅海和海滩;
5为海岸线;
6代表的灰色区域,是陆地
具体实施方式
海岸舟桥,一般分为三个状态,分别是备用状态、使用准备状态和在使用状态。
备用状态。可以把浮动防浪堤、海岸舟桥、舟桥,以及其它辅助机械设备,收纳放置在浮码头上。浮动防浪堤、海岸舟桥和舟桥,通过叠放加固方式放置在浮码头上。其它辅助机械设备可以存放在浮码头上,也可以在需要的时候临时从别处调来放置在浮码头上或者辅助船只上。
使用准备状态。用拖轮把这艘浮码头拖到目的地海域,或者是有自航能力就依靠自身动力航行到目的地海域,或者用半潜船装载到目的地海域卸载。选择的预定海域,水深至少在 10米到20米左右为宜以便货轮航行到位,锚定了浮码头以后,可以同时卸载浮动防浪堤、海岸舟桥船及其辅助机械设备。展开和锚定浮动防浪堤,在浮码头前方形成一个能防浪的临时港池,便于后续装载着车辆设备的船舶靠泊到浮码头卸载;在预定搭建的海岸舟桥船串连体两边一定距离的水域,展开和锚定浮动防浪堤,以保护之后用海岸舟桥船等设备搭建起的通往陆地的浮桥不受海浪的袭扰。展开、连接和锚定需要数量的海岸舟桥船,搭建成通往陆地的浮桥。根据具体情况,还要在潮间带铺设经典舟桥或者放置沉箱连接而成的可浮起或者不可浮起栈桥。在潮间带和滩头,应该还需要推土机挖掘机等工程机械开挖、修建和平整临时地基和路面。
在使用状态,搭载着众多车辆设备的船只,停靠在浮码头,车辆通过跳板从船只里驶出下到浮码头,行驶过已经搭建好的海岸舟桥,行驶到陆地上。或者反方向,从陆地行驶通过海岸舟桥,到浮码头,进入停靠在浮码头的船舶,或者在浮码头装卸载物资反复在浮码头和陆地之间运送。
Claims (6)
1.海岸舟桥,包括浮动防浪堤、浮码头和海岸舟桥船串连而成的舟桥。
2.根据权利要求1,在沿海近岸浅水区,通过搭建浮动防浪堤、浮码头和舟桥,建立临时通道连接到岸边陆地,便于车辆从停靠在浮码头的船舶上,行驶到浮码头上,再通过舟桥行驶到岸边陆地上,或者反向操作。
3.根据权利要求1,本海岸舟桥还会用到常规的舟桥,用于铺设在潮间带,连接海岸舟桥船和岸边陆地,为此,还需要用到港湾施工和土石方施工机械设备,也会用到经典舟桥或沉箱。
4.根据权利要求1,搭建和定位海岸舟桥,需要用到拖轮和锚艇。
5.根据权利要求1,海岸舟桥在军事上,可用于登陆作战胜利后建立临时浮码头快速大量输送人员物资上岸,或者从岸上快速大量撤离人员物资。
6.根据权利要求1,海岸舟桥在民用上,可用于在没有港口码头的海边建立浮码头系统,给停靠的船舶装卸货物;还可用于沿海应急救援,用于紧急输送或撤离人员、物资和设备。
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