CN115566760A - Voltage-sharing control method of energy storage system and energy storage system - Google Patents
Voltage-sharing control method of energy storage system and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115566760A CN115566760A CN202211186071.6A CN202211186071A CN115566760A CN 115566760 A CN115566760 A CN 115566760A CN 202211186071 A CN202211186071 A CN 202211186071A CN 115566760 A CN115566760 A CN 115566760A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a voltage-sharing control method of an energy storage system and the energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches and a DC/AC unit, each energy storage branch comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, and each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the voltage balance of a plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch is controlled by acquiring the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem; and by acquiring branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch and superposing each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch, the voltage balance between each energy storage branch is controlled, and the voltage balance degree of the first battery pack can be improved in such a way, so that the safety of the energy storage system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voltage sharing of energy storage systems, in particular to a voltage sharing control method of an energy storage system and the energy storage system.
Background
With the increasing proportion of new energy sources such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like to be connected into a power grid, the demand of the energy storage system is also increased continuously, and therefore the requirements on the safety and the reliability of the energy storage system are higher and higher. The management objects of the energy storage system comprise a battery, and the voltage, the electric quantity, the temperature and the like of the battery, wherein the management of the voltage is particularly prominent to the consistency and the economy of the battery, and the management of the voltage is also one of the core technologies of the energy storage system.
At present, in the prior art, the energy balance of the battery is mainly adjusted by referring to the state of charge (SOC), the requirement on the accuracy of the SOC is high, when the SOC has large errors or is inaccurate, the actual unbalance degree can be increased, especially, the unbalance problem caused by the errors accumulated by the SOC is more prominent at the charge and discharge end of the battery, and the safety of an energy storage system is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage-sharing control method of an energy storage system and the energy storage system, so as to improve the voltage balance degree of a first battery pack and improve the safety of the energy storage system.
The invention provides a voltage-sharing control method of an energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct-current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and are electrically connected with the direct-current end of the DC/AC unit through the common direct-current bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the method comprises the following steps:
the main control unit acquires voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively and superposes each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch;
the main control unit obtains branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch, and superposes each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
Further, the main control unit obtains the voltage-sharing modulation degree that each energy storage subsystem corresponds respectively to with every voltage-sharing modulation degree stack on the modulation wave of the energy storage subsystem output that corresponds, include with the voltage equilibrium's of a plurality of first battery package in every energy storage branch road step:
the main control unit acquires a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch;
obtaining the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch;
and superposing each voltage-equalizing modulation degree on the modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage equalization of the plurality of second battery packs in each energy storage branch.
Further, the main control unit obtains branch voltage-sharing current that each energy storage branch corresponds respectively to superpose every voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the energy storage branch that corresponds, include with the step of the voltage balance between every energy storage branch of control:
the method comprises the steps that a main control unit obtains branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to energy storage branches and system average voltage of an energy storage system;
obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on the average voltage of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch and the average voltage of the system;
and superposing each voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
Further, the step of acquiring, by the main control unit, a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch includes:
the main control unit acquires a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a first voltage difference corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem;
obtaining subsystem voltage-sharing coefficients respectively corresponding to the energy storage subsystems based on the first voltage differences;
and calculating the average value of the voltages of the subsystems in each energy storage branch circuit to obtain the branch circuit average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit.
Further, the step of obtaining the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch comprises:
obtaining a first difference result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on each subsystem voltage and each branch average voltage;
calculating the product of each first difference result, each branch current direction and each subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a first product result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem;
and determining the plurality of first product results as voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
Further, the step that the main control unit obtains the branch voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage branch and the system average voltage of the energy storage system includes:
the main control unit acquires a second voltage difference, a branch voltage-sharing coefficient and a system average voltage of the energy storage system, which correspond to each energy storage branch;
obtaining branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively based on the second voltage differences;
and calculating the average value of the average voltage of the plurality of branches in the energy storage system to obtain the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
Further, the step of obtaining the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on the average voltage of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch and the average voltage of the system comprises:
obtaining a second difference result corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit based on the average voltage of each branch circuit and the average voltage of the system;
calculating the product of each second difference result and the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch to obtain a second product result corresponding to each energy storage branch;
and determining the plurality of second product results as branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch.
The invention provides an energy storage system, which is used for realizing any one of the methods; the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and are electrically connected with the direct current end of the DC/AC unit through the common direct current bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem;
the main control unit is used for acquiring voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch;
the main control unit is further used for obtaining branch voltage-sharing currents corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively, and superposing the voltage-sharing currents on branch current instructions of the corresponding energy storage branches so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to obtain a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch; obtaining voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch; and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: acquiring branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to each energy storage branch and system average voltage of an energy storage system; obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on each branch average voltage, each branch voltage-sharing coefficient and system average voltage; and superposing each voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
The invention provides a voltage-sharing control method of an energy storage system and the energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, and each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the voltage balance of a plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch is controlled by acquiring the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem; and the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch is obtained, and each voltage-sharing current is superposed on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches, so that the voltage balance degree of the first battery pack can be improved, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of a DCAC energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of a scheme of a DCDC parallel energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 1 (c) is a schematic diagram of a DCDC series energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a voltage-sharing control method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascaded energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an energy storage subsystem topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a voltage equalization control of a sub-module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a branch voltage equalization control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of another voltage-sharing control method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating voltage balancing control for a sub-module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a branch voltage balancing control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, with the increasing proportion of new energy such as photovoltaic energy, wind power and the like to be connected into a power grid, the demand of an energy storage system is also increasing. The safety and reliability requirements for energy storage systems are also increasing. Electric energy storage, peak clipping and valley filling and the like are typical application scenes of the energy storage system, respond to power grid dispatching in time, support power grid frequency modulation, and can provide guarantee for safe and reliable operation of a power grid. The intelligent management of the energy storage system can provide support for the efficient operation of the energy storage system, and the economical efficiency of the system is enhanced. The management objects of the energy storage system are batteries, the voltage, the electric quantity, the temperature and the like of the batteries, the management of the voltage is particularly prominent to the consistency and the economy of the batteries, and the voltage management is also one of the core technologies of the energy storage system.
The existing energy storage system battery access schemes can be summarized into three types, wherein the first type is a schematic diagram of a DCAC energy storage system scheme shown in fig. 1 (a), a direct current side is connected with a battery, an alternating current side is connected in parallel with a power grid, the battery pack can be dispersed and then performs energy interaction with the power grid, but the voltage level of the battery pack is high, and the energy balance among the battery packs is complex. The second is a schematic diagram of a scheme of a DCDC parallel energy storage system shown in fig. 1 (b), a battery is independently connected to a DCDC battery side, the other side of the DCDC is connected to a common direct current bus in parallel, the battery pack can be connected in a dispersed manner, the capacity and the voltage level of the battery pack are reduced, but the voltage level requirement of the DCDC converter is higher. The third scheme is a schematic diagram of a scheme of the DCDC series energy storage system shown in fig. 1 (c), which can effectively reduce the cell pack capacity and the voltage level of a single DCDC converter, and reduce the voltage level of the single DCDC converter, but the energy balance of the cells after series connection is complex.
In the prior art, battery energy balance is mainly adjusted by referring to a state of charge (SOC), the remaining capacity (SOC) is usually taken as a target for control, and the requirement on the SOC accuracy is high. When the SOC has a large error or is inaccurate, the actual imbalance may be increased, especially at the end of charging and discharging of the battery, the imbalance caused by the error accumulated by the SOC may be more prominent, and the safety of the energy storage system is poor.
There is a certain coupling relationship between voltage and electric quantity, but this relationship is non-linear and cannot be expressed by a strict mathematical formula. The same specification battery, the voltage is equal when beginning to use can be approximately equal to the electric quantity is equal, as the cycle number increases, the battery attenuation is inconsistent, the voltage is equal and can not be approximately considered as the electric quantity is equal. Based on the fact that energy balance control can be achieved to a certain extent through voltage balance control in the coupling relation between voltage and electric quantity, the embodiment of the invention provides a voltage-sharing control method of an energy storage system and the energy storage system.
In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment, first, a voltage-sharing control method for an energy storage system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail; the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and are electrically connected with the direct current end of the DC/AC unit through the common direct current bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the steps of:
and step S102, the main control unit acquires voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and superposes each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
And step S104, the main control unit acquires branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch, and superposes each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
In a specific implementation process, the energy storage system may be a cascade energy storage system, and specifically, the cascade energy storage system (a schematic structural diagram of the cascade energy storage system) is shown in fig. 3: the energy storage system comprises a branch 1 and a branch 2 \ 8230and m energy storage branches, wherein each energy storage branch comprises n energy storage subsystems, the energy storage subsystems are represented by SMmn, and each energy storage branch comprises a branch inductor Lm (m =1, 2 and 3), as shown in fig. 4, each energy storage subsystem comprises a low-voltage small-capacity battery pack (equivalent to the first battery pack) and a low-voltage small-capacity DCDC converter (equivalent to a DCDC unit). The cascade energy storage system further comprises a bus capacitor, a bus switch and a DC/AC unit, wherein the bus parallel capacitor is connected with the bus switch in series and then is connected with a power grid (equivalent to an external power supply) through a DCAC converter, so that the conversion of alternating current and direct current energy with the outside can be carried out, and the voltage of the public direct current bus is stabilized. Above-mentioned cascade energy storage system is through cascading the topology and wrapping the dispersion for the little battery package (first battery package) of series-parallel connection with big battery, battery (first battery package) when platform phase charge-discharge, battery voltage (first battery package voltage) change less, and the error is also less between the battery package, but when charge-discharge is terminal, battery voltage changes great, and the error also can the grow between the battery package, consequently, need carry out balanced control to battery package voltage through the balanced control method of voltage, battery voltage balance mainly divide into two parts, firstly voltage balance between the branch road, secondly voltage balance in the branch road.
In actual implementation, each energy storage subsystem outputs a corresponding modulation wave, the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem acquired through the main control unit is superposed on the modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem, the voltage with the specified amplitude is output, and the voltage consistency of a plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch can be controlled (the voltage of the battery packs in the branch is balanced).
For better understanding of the above embodiment, referring to a voltage equalization control block diagram of a sub-module (equivalent to the above energy storage subsystem) shown in fig. 5, the intra-branch voltage equalization control is implemented by voltage equalization modulation degrees of sub-modules, specifically, a PI controller included in a DCDC unit of each sub-module outputs a corresponding modulation wave according to an input deviation, and obtains the voltage equalization modulation degree (U) of each sub-module balance ) The voltage-sharing modulation degree of each submodule is directly superposed on the output modulation wave of the corresponding submodule to generate a number within the range of 0,1, and the number is input into the PWM modulation module to output the voltage with the specified amplitude. It should be noted that the sum of the voltage-sharing modulation degree vectors of all the sub-modules in the branch is zero, and the sub-modules perform balancing through power difference, so that interaction of the branch with external energy is not affected.
The branch current command represents the current to be passed on the branch inductance, i.e., the branch output current. The system energy scheduling is adopted, and the branch circuit current and the branch circuit battery current have a direct corresponding relation and are used for charging and discharging the battery. In actual implementation, each energy storage branch has a corresponding branch current instruction, and the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch acquired through the main control unit is superposed on the corresponding branch current instruction, so that the voltage consistency of the plurality of first battery packs between each energy storage branch (the voltage balance of the battery packs between the branches) can be controlled.
For better understanding of the above embodiments, referring to a block diagram of voltage balancing control for branches (equivalent to the above energy storage branch) shown in fig. 6, voltage balancing control between branches is implemented by branch loop current (equivalent to the above branch voltage-sharing current), and specifically, the main control unit sends a corresponding branch current command (I) to each branch ref ) Obtaining branch voltage-sharing current (I) respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch balance ) And the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch is directly superposed on the branch current instruction of the corresponding branch, so that the voltage balance of the battery pack among the branches can be controlled. It should be noted that the sum of the voltage-sharing current vectors of all branches in the energy storage system is zero, and voltage-sharing energy comes from the inside of the system and does not need to be provided from the outside.
According to the voltage-sharing control method of the energy storage system, the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, and each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the voltage balance of a plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch is controlled by acquiring the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem; and the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch is obtained, and each voltage-sharing current is superposed on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches, so that the voltage balance degree of the first battery pack can be improved, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides another voltage-sharing control method of the energy storage system, which is realized on the basis of the method of the embodiment; as shown in fig. 7, the method includes the steps of:
step S202, the main control unit obtains a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch.
In a specific implementation process, the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem is determined by the branch current direction of the energy storage branch where the subsystem is located, the sub-module voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to the subsystem (equivalent to the subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient), and the battery voltage corresponding to the subsystem (equivalent to the subsystem voltage).
The step S202 can be specifically obtained by the following steps one to three:
the method comprises the following steps: the main control unit obtains a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a first voltage difference corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
In actual implementation, the main control unit first obtains a branch current direction (when the battery discharges, the branch current direction is generally a positive direction) corresponding to each energy storage branch, a first voltage difference (a battery maximum voltage difference) corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a subsystem voltage (equal to a voltage of the first battery pack) corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
Step two: and obtaining subsystem voltage-sharing coefficients respectively corresponding to the energy storage subsystems based on the first voltage differences.
In actual implementation, the subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient is set according to the fact that the voltage-sharing modulation degree is not more than 0.2 (the vector sum of the actually used modulation degree and the voltage-sharing modulation degree is in a range of 0-1 as far as possible, if the optimal modulation degree is used, the sum of the optimal modulation degree and the voltage-sharing modulation degree is not more than 1, the voltage-sharing modulation degree can be about 0.2 at most as the optimal modulation degree is about 0.75, the voltage-sharing modulation degree is fixed and unchanged after the voltage-sharing coefficient is set, the constant voltage-sharing degree can be guaranteed by referring to the voltage difference, specifically, according to the maximum voltage difference of each energy storage subsystem, the voltage-sharing coefficient of the corresponding submodule (the maximum voltage-sharing modulation degree is 0.2 to divide the maximum voltage difference, the voltage-sharing submodule coefficient can be obtained), then, the voltage-sharing degree is slowed down along with the reduction of the voltage difference, but the smoothness of the balance and the stability of the system are better.
Step three: and calculating the average value of the voltages of the subsystems in each energy storage branch circuit to obtain the branch circuit average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit.
In actual implementation, after the main control unit obtains the subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, the average value of the subsystem voltages of all the subsystems in each branch is calculated, and the obtained result is the branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch.
And S204, obtaining the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch.
The step S204 can be specifically obtained through the following steps four to six:
step four: and obtaining a first difference result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch circuit.
Step five: calculating the product of each first difference result, each branch current direction and each subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a first product result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem;
step six: and determining the plurality of first product results as voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
In a specific implementation process, the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem can be calculated according to a submodule voltage-sharing modulation degree formula:
U balance ＝Dir(I ref )×k Volt_SM ×(Volt SM -Volt ave_brch )
in the above formula, U balance For submodule equalizing modulation degree, dir (I) ref ) Indicating the branch current direction, which is generally the positive direction (Dir (I) if the battery is discharged ref )＝1，I ref Not less than 0), the battery is charged, and the branch current direction is negative (Dir (I) ref )＝-1，I ref ＜0)；k Volt_SM Represents the submodule grading coefficient, volt SM Representing the sub-module voltage, volt ave_brch Representing the branch mean voltage. In actual implementation, first difference results (k) corresponding to each energy storage subsystem are obtained based on each subsystem voltage and each branch average voltage Volt_SM -Volt ave_brch ) And then, calculating the product of each first difference result, the current direction of each branch and the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem to obtain a first product result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and determining a plurality of first product results as the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
And step S206, superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on the modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
For better understanding of the above embodiment, referring to a sub-module voltage balancing control flowchart shown in fig. 8, a sub-module voltage balancing coefficient is first set, then a sub-module battery voltage and a branch average voltage are calculated, then a branch current direction is detected, and finally a sub-module voltage balancing modulation degree is determined to control the branch to operate stably.
And step S208, the main control unit obtains branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to each energy storage branch and the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
In a specific implementation process, the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch is determined by a branch voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to the energy storage branch, a branch average voltage corresponding to the energy storage branch, and an average voltage of the whole energy storage system.
The step S208 can be specifically obtained by the following steps seven to nine:
step seven: the main control unit obtains a second voltage difference and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch.
In actual implementation, the main control unit first obtains a second voltage difference (maximum voltage difference) corresponding to each energy storage branch and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch.
Step eight: and obtaining branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively based on the second voltage differences.
In actual implementation, branch pressure equalizing coefficient sets for 0.2 (set for the principle for not influencing branch normal power dispatch for branch voltage equalizing current no longer than branch rated current (branch output current) for branch voltage equalizing current, balanced current usually does not exceed 20% of branch rated current in the engineering), branch voltage equalizing coefficient sets for the back and is just fixed unchangeable, can consult the voltage difference and set for, can guarantee invariable balanced dynamics like this, it is concrete, according to the maximum voltage difference of every energy storage branch road, reverse deducing corresponds branch voltage equalizing coefficient (the maximum voltage equalizing current of branch road divides with the maximum voltage difference of branch road, can obtain branch voltage equalizing coefficient), later along with the voltage difference reduces, balanced dynamics slows down, but the stability of balanced smoothness and system is better.
Step nine: and calculating the average value of the average voltage of the multiple branches in the energy storage system to obtain the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
In actual implementation, after the main control unit calculates and obtains the branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch, the average value of the branch average voltages of all the energy storage branches in the whole energy storage system is calculated, and the obtained result is the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
And step S210, obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on the average voltage of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch and the average voltage of the system.
The step S210 can be obtained by the following steps ten to twelve:
step ten: and obtaining a second difference value result corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit respectively based on the average voltage of each branch circuit and the average voltage of the system.
Step eleven: and calculating the product of each second difference result and each branch voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a second product result corresponding to each energy storage branch.
Step twelve: and determining the plurality of second product results as branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch.
In a specific implementation process, the branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch can be calculated according to a branch voltage-sharing current formula:
I balance ＝k Volt_brch (Volt ave_brch -Volt ave_all )
in the above formula, I balance For branch voltage-sharing current, k Volt_brch Denotes the branch voltage-sharing coefficient, volt ave_brch Representing the branch mean voltage, volt ave_all Representing the average voltage of the system. In actual implementation, first, based on the average voltage of each branch and the average voltage of each system, a second difference result (Volt) corresponding to each energy storage branch is obtained ave_brch -Volt ave_all ) And then calculating the product of each second difference result and each branch voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a second product result corresponding to each energy storage branch, and determining a plurality of second product results as branch voltage-sharing currents corresponding to each energy storage branch.
And step S212, superposing each voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
For better understanding of the above embodiment, referring to a branch voltage balancing control flowchart shown in fig. 9, a branch voltage balancing coefficient is first set, then a system average voltage and a branch average voltage are calculated, and finally a branch voltage balancing current is determined to control stable operation of the system.
The voltage-sharing control method of the energy storage system comprises inter-branch voltage-sharing control and intra-branch voltage-sharing control. The inter-branch voltage-sharing control is determined by a branch voltage-sharing coefficient, a branch average voltage and a system average voltage together, and voltage balancing is carried out in the system without external supply or energy consumption. The intra-branch voltage-sharing control is determined by the current direction of the branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of the sub-modules, the voltage of the sub-modules and the average voltage of the branch, the modulation degree of the sub-modules is directionally adjusted, and the sub-modules are balanced through power difference. The voltage balance control in the branch is decoupled from the energy scheduling of the branch, and the external power scheduling of the branch is not influenced. In the mode, voltage-sharing control is carried out in the converter, external balancing equipment is not needed, economic benefits are good, voltage consistency can be improved, charging and discharging capacity of the battery is improved, service life of the battery is prolonged, and system safety is improved.
The invention provides an energy storage system, which is used for realizing any one of the methods; as shown in fig. 3, the energy storage system includes a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common DC bus, and a DC/AC unit, where the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and electrically connected to a DC end of the DC/AC unit through the common DC bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with an external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the main control unit is used for acquiring voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch; the main control unit is further used for obtaining branch voltage-sharing currents corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively, and superposing the voltage-sharing currents on branch current instructions of the corresponding energy storage branches so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
The energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, and each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem; the voltage-sharing modulation degree is used for acquiring the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively, and each voltage-sharing modulation degree is superposed on the modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch; the voltage-sharing control system is used for obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch and superposing each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches, and the voltage balance degree of the first battery pack can be improved by the energy storage system, so that the safety of the energy storage system is improved.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to obtain a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch; obtaining the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch; and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: acquiring branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to each energy storage branch and system average voltage of an energy storage system; obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on the average voltage of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch and the average voltage of the system; and superposing each voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: acquiring a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a first voltage difference corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem; obtaining subsystem voltage-sharing coefficients respectively corresponding to the energy storage subsystems based on the first voltage differences; and calculating the average value of the voltages of the plurality of subsystems in each energy storage branch circuit to obtain the branch circuit average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: obtaining a first difference result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on each subsystem voltage and each branch average voltage; calculating the product of each first difference result, each branch current direction and each subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a first product result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem; and determining the plurality of first product results as voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to each energy storage subsystem.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: acquiring a second voltage difference, a branch voltage-sharing coefficient and a system average voltage of the energy storage system corresponding to each energy storage branch; obtaining branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively based on the second voltage differences; and calculating the average value of the average voltage of the plurality of branches in the energy storage system to obtain the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
Further, the main control unit is further configured to: obtaining a second difference result corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit based on the average voltage of each branch circuit and the average voltage of the system; calculating the product of each second difference result and the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch to obtain a second product result corresponding to each energy storage branch; and determining the plurality of second product results as branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The voltage-sharing control method of the energy storage system is characterized in that the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct-current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and are electrically connected with the direct-current end of the DC/AC unit through the common direct-current bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with the external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem;
the method comprises the following steps:
the main control unit acquires voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively and superposes each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the first battery packs in each energy storage branch;
the main control unit obtains branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch, and superposes each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of the master control unit acquiring voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and superimposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem, so as to control voltage equalization of the plurality of first battery packs in each energy storage branch comprises:
the main control unit acquires a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch;
obtaining a voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch;
and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of the main control unit obtaining branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch, and superimposing each voltage-sharing current on a branch current command of the corresponding energy storage branch to control voltage balancing between each energy storage branch comprises:
the main control unit acquires branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches and system average voltage of the energy storage system;
obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch on the basis of the average voltage of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each branch and the average voltage of the system;
and superposing each voltage-sharing current on the branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch circuit so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branch circuits.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of the main control unit obtaining the branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, the subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, the subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and the branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch comprises:
the main control unit acquires a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a first voltage difference corresponding to each energy storage subsystem and a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem;
obtaining subsystem voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage subsystems respectively based on the first voltage differences;
and calculating the average value of the voltages of the subsystems in each energy storage branch circuit to obtain the branch circuit average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem based on each branch current direction, each subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient, each subsystem voltage and each branch average voltage comprises:
obtaining a first difference result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on each subsystem voltage and each branch average voltage;
calculating the product of each first difference result, the current direction of each branch and the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem to obtain a first product result corresponding to each energy storage subsystem;
and determining a plurality of first product results as voltage-sharing modulation degrees respectively corresponding to the energy storage subsystems.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining, by the master control unit, the branch voltage-sharing coefficient and the system average voltage of the energy storage system respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch comprises:
the main control unit acquires a second voltage difference, a branch voltage-sharing coefficient and a system average voltage of the energy storage system, which correspond to each energy storage branch;
obtaining branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively based on the second voltage differences;
and calculating the average value of the average voltage of the plurality of branches in the energy storage system to obtain the system average voltage of the energy storage system.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to each energy storage branch based on each branch average voltage, each branch voltage-sharing coefficient and the system average voltage comprises:
obtaining a second difference result corresponding to each energy storage branch circuit respectively based on the average voltage of each branch circuit and the average voltage of the system;
calculating the product of each second difference result and each branch voltage-sharing coefficient to obtain a second product result corresponding to each energy storage branch;
and determining a plurality of second product results as branch voltage-sharing currents respectively corresponding to the energy storage branches.
8. An energy storage system for carrying out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the energy storage system comprises a main control unit, m energy storage branches, a common direct current bus and a DC/AC unit, wherein the m energy storage branches are connected in parallel and are electrically connected with the direct current end of the DC/AC unit through the common direct current bus; the DC/AC unit is also electrically connected with the external power supply and is used for converting alternating current energy and direct current energy with the outside; each energy storage branch in the m energy storage branches comprises a branch switch, a branch inductor and n energy storage subsystems which are sequentially connected in series, wherein each energy storage subsystem comprises a first battery pack and a DCDC unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each energy storage subsystem;
the main control unit is used for acquiring voltage-sharing modulation degrees corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the first battery packs in each energy storage branch;
the main control unit is further used for obtaining branch voltage-sharing currents corresponding to the energy storage branches respectively and superposing the voltage-sharing currents on branch current instructions of the corresponding energy storage branches so as to control voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
9. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein the master control unit is further configured to:
acquiring a branch current direction corresponding to each energy storage branch, a subsystem voltage-sharing coefficient corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, a subsystem voltage corresponding to each energy storage subsystem, and a branch average voltage corresponding to each energy storage branch;
obtaining a voltage-sharing modulation degree corresponding to each energy storage subsystem respectively based on the current direction of each branch, the voltage-sharing coefficient of each subsystem, the voltage of each subsystem and the average voltage of each branch;
and superposing each voltage-sharing modulation degree on a modulation wave output by the corresponding energy storage subsystem so as to control the voltage balance of the first battery packs in each energy storage branch.
10. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein the master control unit is further configured to:
acquiring branch voltage-sharing coefficients corresponding to the energy storage branches and system average voltage of the energy storage system;
obtaining branch voltage-sharing current corresponding to each energy storage branch based on each branch average voltage, each branch voltage-sharing coefficient and the system average voltage;
and superposing each voltage-sharing current on a branch current instruction of the corresponding energy storage branch so as to control the voltage balance among the energy storage branches.
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| CN118572836B (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-10-29 | 深圳正沃能源技术有限公司 | Battery management circuit and energy storage system |
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