CN115558526B

CN115558526B - Cyclone pyrolysis furnace and pyrolysis gasification system and process based on cyclone pyrolysis furnace

Info

Publication number: CN115558526B
Application number: CN202211545145.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 常涛; 雷祖磊; 何春晓; 张相
Original assignee: Pyneo Co ltd
Current assignee: Pyneo Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-05
Filing date: 2022-12-05
Publication date: 2023-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 2042-12-05
Also published as: CN115558526A

Abstract

The application relates to a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis gasification system and a pyrolysis gasification process based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace, wherein the diameters of two ends of the cylindrical cyclone pyrolysis furnace are gradually reduced; a coal powder burner is arranged at the top necking of the pyrolysis furnace, a coal powder inlet pipe is arranged at the middle upper part of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace close to the coal powder burner, and a crude pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace; the furnace chamber space between the top of the pyrolysis furnace and the coal powder inlet pipe is a combustion reaction chamber; a pyrolysis furnace necking piece is connected in the furnace wall between the coal powder inlet pipe and the crude pyrolysis gas outlet, and divides the space in the furnace cavity into a pyrolysis reaction area and a pyrolysis furnace coke separation chamber which are communicated. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace can realize uniform mixing of high-temperature heating flue gas and coal, and ensures full pyrolysis of the coal; the gasification furnace ensures that high-temperature semicoke enters in a high-speed tangential mode through the semicoke conveying chamber, and a reasonable power field in the gasification furnace is maintained; the array type pyrolysis furnace and the gasification furnace are beneficial to modularization and large-scale of the system.

Description

Cyclone pyrolysis furnace and pyrolysis gasification system and process based on cyclone pyrolysis furnace

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of coal pyrolysis gasification utilization, in particular to a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, and a pyrolysis gasification system and a pyrolysis gasification process based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace.

Background

The method is mainly used for promoting the clean and efficient utilization of coal energy, coal is regarded as a community of energy and resources by a coal grading conversion poly-generation technology in a plurality of carbon clean and efficient utilization technologies, and the parts with large difference of reaction activity in the coal are converted in a grading manner by organically combining a plurality of technical processes (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, synthesis and the like), so that the co-production of gas fuel, liquid fuel, chemicals, heat, electric power and the like is realized in one system.

The coal grading utilization co-production technology can be divided into: a staged co-production technique based on partial coal gasification, a staged co-production technique based on complete coal gasification, and a staged co-production technique based on coal pyrolysis. The coal grading poly-generation technology based on partial gasification and complete gasification of coal has the core target product of synthesis gas, and the gas from a gasification furnace contains less tar; and the poly-generation technology based on coal pyrolysis can realize the maximum output of tar in coal.

For example, chinese patent grant publication No.: CN103992824B, name: the device is characterized in that a cyclone pyrolysis furnace is communicated with a cyclone gasification furnace through a material returning device and a pyrolysis semicoke channel, the cyclone gasification furnace is communicated with a cooling device through a high-temperature crude gas channel, and the outer wall of the cyclone gasification furnace is provided with a gasifying agent nozzle and a water vapor nozzle. The method comprises the following steps: 1. the coal powder enters a cyclone pyrolysis furnace under the blowing of high-temperature crude gas; 2. pyrolyzing the coal powder in a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, discharging the pyrolyzed mixed gas into a cooling device for cooling, and conveying the pyrolyzed semicoke into a cyclone gasification furnace; 3. the oxidant nozzle and the steam nozzle simultaneously spray oxidant and steam into the cyclone gasification furnace, the generated high-temperature crude gas is used as a gas heat carrier for pyrolysis and is sent into the cyclone pyrolysis furnace again, and the coal cinder of the cyclone gasification furnace is discharged through an ash residue discharge port in a solid or liquid form. This patent adopts the whirlwind stove as the pyrolysis device of coal, but the heat source of whirlwind pyrolysis stove comes from the gasification gas of whirlwind gasifier to the messenger is very big from the gas volume that whirlwind pyrolysis stove end left the system, and the gaseous product of pyrolysis technology is the pyrolysis gas that contains gaseous tar, and its tail end gas purification technology need dispose tar recovery workshop section, and the pyrolysis stove tar recovery workshop section device scale that this patent adopted is very big. In addition, when the gasification furnace is slagging in liquid state, the gasified gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace can carry a large amount of liquid slag, and the gasified gas carrying the liquid slag can be solidified when being mixed with coal, so that the pipeline is easy to be blocked, and the long-term stable operation of the system is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis gasification system and the pyrolysis gasification process based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace improve the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency; and the modular arrangement is adopted, so that the layout mode of the system can be flexibly adjusted.

On one hand, the application discloses a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, a cylindrical cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is arranged on a foundation, the diameters of two ends of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace are gradually reduced, two ends of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace are respectively provided with a pyrolysis furnace top reducing port 101 at the upper end and a semicoke outlet 103 at the lower end, the pyrolysis furnace top reducing port 101 is provided with a pulverized coal burner 102, the pulverized coal burner 102 comprises a pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder 1022, a pulverized coal burner middle reducing section 1023 and a pulverized coal burner lower straight cylinder 1024 which are sequentially communicated, a hollow pipeline formed by the communication of the three parts is outwards and sequentially provided with a gas inlet pipe 1026, a first cooling layer 1027 and an oxygen layer 1028 from an axis, the pulverized coal burner 102 further comprises at least two pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipes 1021 uniformly distributed around the pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder 1022, and the pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipes 1021 are obliquely communicated with the pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder 1022 downwards; the middle-upper part near-pulverized coal burner 102 of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided with a pulverized coal inlet pipe 104, the middle-lower part of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided with a crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105, the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is tangentially communicated with the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1, a funnel-shaped pyrolysis furnace necking part 107 is connected in the furnace wall between the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 and the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105, the furnace space between the pulverized coal burner 102 and the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is a combustion reaction chamber 106, and the remaining space in the furnace is divided into a pyrolysis reaction area 108 which is positioned at the middle-lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and a pyrolysis furnace gas coke separation chamber 109 which is positioned at the lower part by the pyrolysis furnace necking part 107 and communicated up and down.

Particularly, a water-cooling coil 10273 is arranged at the end part of the first cooling layer 1027 in the furnace, a first swirl vane 10241 is distributed at the end part of the lower straight tube 1024 of the pulverized coal burner in the furnace, a second swirl vane 10281 is distributed at the end part of the oxygen layer 1028, and the heights of the bottom ends of the first swirl vane 10241, the second swirl vane 10281 and the water-cooling coil 10273 are equivalent and lower than that of the bottom end of the gas inlet 1026.

Particularly, the variable diameter section 1023 in the middle of the pulverized coal burner is a square round section with a small upper part and a big lower part, the outer wall of the variable diameter section 1023 is connected with a support 1025, and the support 1025 is abutted with a top necking of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and is close to a water cooling wall 52 of the pyrolysis furnace; the oxygen layer 1028 is an annular conduit and abuts against the inner walls of the upper straight tube 1022, the middle tapered section 1023 and the lower straight tube 1024 of the pulverized coal burner.

Particularly, the cross section of the coal powder inlet pipe 104 is rectangular; the combustion reaction chamber 106 comprises a combustion chamber expanding section 1061 at the upper part and a combustion chamber straight section 1062 at the lower part, and the furnace wall structure of the combustion reaction chamber 106 sequentially comprises a pyrolysis furnace lining 51, a pyrolysis furnace water-cooling wall 52, a pyrolysis furnace wall plate 53 and a pyrolysis furnace external heat-insulating layer 54 from inside to outside; the furnace wall structure of the pyrolysis reaction area 108 comprises a pyrolysis furnace lining 51, a pyrolysis furnace wall plate 53 and a pyrolysis furnace external heat insulation layer 54 from inside to outside in sequence; the funnel-shaped necking part 107 of the pyrolysis furnace comprises a big end and a small end at the upper part and a straight-through section at the lower part, and the structure of the necking part 107 of the pyrolysis furnace is that the inner side and the outer side of the wall plate 53 of the pyrolysis furnace are surrounded by the lining 51 of the pyrolysis furnace.

Specifically, the diameter of the furnace body of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is D0, the outer diameter of the pulverized coal burner 102 is D1, the diameter of the crude pyrolysis gas outlet is D2, the diameter of the straight section of the pyrolysis furnace throat 107 is D3, the diameter of the semicoke outlet is D4, the height of the pyrolysis reaction zone 108 is H, the height of the combustion chamber expanding section 1061 is H1, the height of the combustion chamber straight section 1062 is H2, the height of the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is H3, the width of the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is L, D1= (0.45-0.55) D0, D2= (1/5-1/3) D0, D3=500mm-800mm, D4=400mm-L000mm, H = (3-5) D0, H1= (0.1-0.2) D0, H2= (0.8-2) D0, H3= (0.1-0.6) D0, and L = (0.25) H3).

In a second aspect, the application discloses pyrolysis gasification system based on cyclone pyrolysis stove, cyclone pyrolysis stove 1, returning charge ware 2, semicoke delivery chamber 3 and cyclone gasification stove 4 connect gradually, and wherein cyclone pyrolysis stove 1 is as before, and cyclone pyrolysis stove 1 and cyclone gasification stove 4 are two at least, and semicoke delivery chamber 3 is one, and then constitute array pyrolysis stove and gasification stove system.

Particularly, the material returning device 2 comprises a vertical pipe 21 and a material returning pipe 22, a semicoke outlet 103 of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with the vertical pipe 21 of the material returning device 2, the material returning pipe 22 is communicated with the lower part of the semicoke conveying chamber 3, an air distribution plate 31 is arranged at the bottom of the semicoke conveying chamber 3, the upper part of the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is communicated with the top end of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through a semicoke inlet pipe 32, and the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is tangentially connected with the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4.

Particularly, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is sequentially connected with a pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11, a pyrolysis side high-temperature dust collector 12, a pyrolysis side spray tower 13, an electrical tar precipitator 15, a pyrolysis side gas fan 16 and a pyrolysis side gas cabinet 17, coal required by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided by a coal pulverizer 18, and the pyrolysis side gas fan 16 provides power for conveying the coal; the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is sequentially connected with a gasification side waste heat recovery device 41, a gasification side dust treatment device 42, a gasification side spray tower 43, a gasification side gas fan 44 and a gasification side gas cabinet 45, wherein the gasification side waste heat recovery device 41 comprises a gasification side high temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 and a gasification side low temperature section waste heat recovery device 412.

In a third aspect, the present application further discloses that in the pyrolysis gasification system, as described above, a part of the raw coal enters the coal inlet pipe 1021 of the pulverized coal burner under the transportation of the purified pyrolysis gas, and then enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in the form of spiral gas flow under the action of the swirl vane, oxygen is introduced into the pulverized coal burner 102 from the oxygen layer 1028 and enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in the form of spiral gas flow under the action of the swirl vane, and the gas flow velocity passing through the swirl vane is 20m/s to 30m/s; the rest raw material coal is tangentially conveyed into a pyrolysis reaction area 108 through a coal powder inlet pipe 104 at the speed of 40-60 m/s of conveying gas, and is mixed with high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion reaction chamber 106, the high-temperature flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source, the operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is 550-650 ℃, and the pressure is 1-30 bar.

Particularly, high-temperature semicoke generated by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 enters a semicoke conveying chamber 3 through a material returning device 2, then tangentially enters a cyclone gasification furnace 4 at the speed of 40-60 m/s, the high-temperature semicoke is sequentially mixed with water vapor and oxygen to generate gasification reaction to generate coarse gasification gas and liquid slag, the coarse gasification gas and the liquid slag enter a slag quenching chamber 403 through a gasification furnace necking piece 401 to be cooled, and the liquid slag is changed into solid slag; the gas flow rate of the water vapor and the oxygen is 70m/s-100m/s, the operation temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is 1200-1700 ℃, the pressure is 1bar-30bar, and the pressure of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is slightly higher than that of the cyclone gasification furnace 4; the crude gasification gas is changed into purified gasification gas through subsequent process treatment, part of the purified gasification gas is returned to the gasification side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 for heat exchange and temperature rise, and the heated purified gasification gas is returned to the air distribution plate 31 of the semicoke conveying chamber 3 to be used as conveying power of the high-temperature semicoke.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred examples of the application.

The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects: the cyclone pyrolysis furnace can realize uniform mixing of high-temperature heating flue gas and coal through reasonable arrangement of combustion and pyrolysis areas, and ensures full pyrolysis of the coal; the gasification furnace passes through the semicoke conveying chamber, so that high-temperature semicoke is ensured to enter the gasification furnace in a high-speed tangential mode, a reasonable power field structure in the gasification furnace is maintained, and the gasification efficiency is ensured; the cyclone pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone gasification furnace adopt an array structure, which is beneficial to the modularization and the large-scale of the device; the pyrolysis gas purification process and the gasification gas purification process are separately arranged, and energy recovery and comprehensive utilization of substances are fully considered.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that other figures can also be obtained from the provided figures without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone pyrolysis furnace according to one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal burner of a cyclone pyrolysis furnace in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the pulverized coal burner according to fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom view of the pulverized coal burner according to fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a pulverized coal inlet pipe according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pulverized coal feeding pipe according to the arrow direction of fig. 5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a structure of a wall of a combustion reaction chamber section according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a wall of a pyrolysis reaction zone section according to one embodiment of the application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a structure of a throat of a pyrolysis furnace according to one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 10 is a schematic size diagram of a cyclone pyrolysis furnace according to one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a coal pyrolysis gasification system based on a cyclone pyrolysis furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of an array type pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing a connection relationship between the cyclone pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a connection relationship between the semicoke conveying chamber and the cyclone gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of an oxygen nozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure and dimensions of a water vapor nozzle in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of a wall of a gasification reaction chamber section according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the structure of the wall of the slag quench chamber section according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water vapor nozzle and the oxygen nozzle according to one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water vapor nozzle and an oxygen nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a gasifier throat piece according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 22 is a schematic view showing the structure and size of a cyclone gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a spiral gas flow within a cyclone pyrolysis furnace according to one embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 24 is a schematic view of the spiral gas flow in the cyclone gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present application.

Wherein, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1; a top throat 101 of the pyrolysis furnace; a pulverized coal burner 102; a coal inlet pipe 1021 of the pulverized coal burner; an upper straight tube 1022 of the pulverized coal burner; the variable diameter section 1023 in the middle of the pulverized coal burner; a straight tube 1024 at the lower part of the pulverized coal burner; a first swirl vane 10241; a support 1025; a gas inlet 1026; the first cooling layer 1027; cooling water inlet 10271; a cooling water outlet 10272; water-cooled coil 10273; oxygen layer 1028; a second swirl vane 10281; a char outlet 103; a pulverized coal inlet pipe 104; a raw pyrolysis gas outlet 105; a combustion reaction chamber 106; a combustion chamber expanding section 1061; a combustion chamber straight section 1062; a pyrolysis furnace throat 107; a pyrolysis reaction zone 108; a coke separation chamber 109 for the pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11; a pyrolysis side high temperature dust collector 12; a pyrolysis side spray tower 13; a tar sump 14; an electrical tar precipitator 15; a pyrolysis side gas fan 16; a pyrolysis side gas cabinet 17; a powder maker 18; a material returning device 2; a riser 21; a return pipe 22; a semicoke conveying chamber 3; a grid plate 31; a semicoke inlet pipe 32; a cyclone gasification furnace 4; a gasifier throat piece 401; a gasification reaction chamber 402; a water vapor nozzle 4021; a first water vapor nozzle 40211; a second water vapor nozzle 40212; an oxygen nozzle 4022; a first oxygen nozzle 40221; a second oxygen nozzle 40222; a slag quenching chamber 403; a coarse gasification gas outlet 4031; the vaporization furnace cooling 4032; a gasification-side waste heat recovery device 41; a gasification-side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device 411; a gasification-side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412; a gasification-side dust treatment device 42; a gasification-side spray tower 43; a gasification side gas fan 44; a gasification side gas holder 45; a circulating water tank 46; a pyrolysis furnace inner liner 51; a pyrolysis furnace water cooled wall 52; pyrolysis furnace wall panels 53; a pyrolysis furnace outer insulation layer 54; a gasifier lining 55; a gasifier water wall 56; a gasifier wall 57; an outer gasifier insulation 58; a-pulverized coal; b-oxygen; c-water vapor; d-high temperature semicoke; e-crude pyrolysis gas; f-coarse gasification gas; g-deoxygenated water; m-dust; k-purifying the gasified gas; n-aqueous tar; p-liquid water; q-clean pyrolysis gas; r-natural gas.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present application. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, which are intended to explain the inventive concept. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," and the like, when used in describing a preferred embodiment, are used to describe the orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings and are used merely to simplify the description and to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

The terms "first", "second", etc. used in the description are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "in communication with," and the like as used in the description are intended to be broadly construed, and can, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integral; mechanical connection and electrical connection can be realized; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. Specific meanings of the above terms in the examples can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.

Unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, a first feature "above," "below," or "above" a second feature may be directly contacting the first or second feature, or the first and second features may be indirectly contacting each other through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," or "on" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature may be "under," "beneath," or "beneath" a second feature, and the first and second features may be in direct contact, or the first and second features may be in indirect contact via an intermediate. Also, a first feature "under," "beneath," or "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.

Reference throughout this specification to "one particular embodiment" or "an example" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.

Referring to fig. 1, a cyclone pyrolysis furnace is provided in an embodiment of the present application, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is standing on a base, and is cylindrical, and has two ends with reduced diameters and opened respectively, an upper opening is a top necking 101 of the pyrolysis furnace, and a lower opening is a semicoke outlet 103. The top necking 101 of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pulverized coal burner 102, and a pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is arranged at the middle upper part of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and near the pulverized coal burner 102. The upper space of the furnace chamber of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is a combustion reaction chamber 106, the upper space is specifically the area space between the pulverized coal burner 102 and the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104, and the combustion reaction chamber 106 comprises an upper combustion chamber expanding section 1061 and a lower combustion chamber straight section 1062.

A crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105 is arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1, and a funnel-shaped pyrolysis furnace necking piece 107 is connected in the furnace wall between the coal powder inlet pipe 104 and the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105. The pyrolysis furnace throat 107 is located at the middle-lower position of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1, and divides the pyrolysis furnace cavity space into a pyrolysis reaction area 108 at the middle-lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and a pyrolysis furnace coke separation chamber 109 at the lower part of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis reaction area 108 is a furnace chamber space between the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 and the pyrolysis furnace throat 107, and the pyrolysis furnace coke separation chamber 109 is a furnace chamber space between the pyrolysis furnace throat 107 and the semicoke outlet 103.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, and the pulverized coal burner 102 includes a hollow pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipe 1021, a pulverized coal burner upper straight tube 1022, a pulverized coal burner middle diameter-changing section 1023, and a pulverized coal burner lower straight tube 1024. The two pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipes 1021 are arranged in bilateral symmetry with the pulverized coal burner upper straight barrel 1022, and communicate with the pulverized coal burner upper straight barrel 1022 in an obliquely downward manner. The variable diameter section 1023 in the middle of the pulverized coal burner is a square round section with a small upper part and a big lower part. The upper straight tube 1022 of the pulverized coal burner is sequentially communicated with the middle reducing section 1023 of the pulverized coal burner and the lower straight tube 1024 of the pulverized coal burner. The outer wall of the middle variable-diameter section 1023 of the pulverized coal burner is connected with a support 1025, and the support 1025 is abutted against the top necking of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and close to the water cooling wall 52 of the pyrolysis furnace.

The hollow pipelines of the upper straight cylinder 1022, the middle reducing section 1023 and the lower straight cylinder 1024 of the pulverized coal burner are sequentially provided with a gas inlet 1026, a first cooling layer 1027 and an oxygen layer 1028 from the axis outwards. The oxygen layer 1028 is an annular pipe and abuts against the inner walls of the upper straight tube 1022, the middle tapered section 1023 and the lower straight tube 1024 of the pulverized coal burner. The top of the first cooling layer 1027 is provided with a cooling water inlet 10271 and a cooling water outlet 10272 at two sides of the fuel gas inlet 1026, and the bottom of the first cooling layer 1027 is provided with a water-cooling coil 10273. A first swirl blade 10241 is arranged at the end of the lower straight cylinder 1024 of the pulverized coal burner, and a second swirl blade 10281 is arranged at the end of the oxygen layer 1028.

Referring to fig. 1, 5 to 9, an embodiment of the present application provides a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, wherein the coal powder inlet pipe 104 has a rectangular cross section, and the coal powder inlet pipe 104 is tangentially connected to the wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1. The furnace wall structure of the combustion reaction chamber 106 is sequentially a pyrolysis furnace lining 51, a pyrolysis furnace water cooling wall 52, a pyrolysis furnace wall plate 53 and a pyrolysis furnace external insulation layer 54 from inside to outside. The furnace wall structure of the pyrolysis reaction area 108 is a pyrolysis furnace lining 51, a pyrolysis furnace wall plate 53 and a pyrolysis furnace external insulation layer 54 from inside to outside in sequence. The funnel-shaped throat piece 107 of the pyrolysis furnace comprises a large and small end at the upper part and a small and large end at the lower part and a straight-through section at the lower part, and the structure of the throat piece 107 of the pyrolysis furnace is that the inner side and the outer side of a wall plate 53 of the pyrolysis furnace are surrounded by the lining 51 of the pyrolysis furnace.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 6 and fig. 10, a specific embodiment of the present application provides a cyclone pyrolysis furnace, a diameter of a furnace body of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is D0, an outer diameter of a burner is D1, a diameter of a crude pyrolysis gas outlet is D2, a diameter of a straight-through section of a throat section of the pyrolysis furnace is D3, a diameter of a semicoke outlet is D4, a height of a pyrolysis reaction region 108 is H, a height of a combustion chamber expanding section 1061 is H1, a height of a combustion chamber straight section 1062 is H2, a height of a pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is H3, and a width of the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 is L. D1= (0.45-0.55) D0, D2= (1/5-1/3) D0, D3=500mm-800mm, D4=400mm-L000mm, H = (3-5) D0, H1= (0.1-0.2) D0, H2= (0.8-2) D0, H3= (0.1-0.6) D0, L = (0.15-0.25) H3.

Referring to fig. 11, an embodiment of the present application provides a coal pyrolysis gasification system based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace, which includes a cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1, a material returning device 2, a semicoke conveying chamber 3, and a cyclone gasification furnace 4 connected in sequence, raw material coal is pyrolyzed in the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 to generate high-temperature semicoke and coarse pyrolysis gas, and the high-temperature semicoke passes through the material returning device 2 and the semicoke conveying chamber 3 in sequence, and then is tangentially fed into the cyclone gasification furnace 4.

The crude pyrolysis gas generated by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is sent into a pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11, a pyrolysis side high-temperature dust collector 12, a pyrolysis side spray tower 13, an electric tar precipitator 15, a pyrolysis side gas fan 16 and a pyrolysis side gas cabinet 17 which are connected in sequence, and the pyrolysis side spray tower 13 and the electric tar precipitator 15 are respectively connected with a tar tank 14. The raw material coal required by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided by a coal powder maker 18, the coal powder maker 18 is respectively connected with a coal powder burner 102 and a coal powder inlet pipe 104, and a pyrolysis side coal gas fan 16 provides power for conveying the raw material coal while overcoming the motion resistance of pyrolysis gas.

The high-temperature semicoke is gasified in the cyclone gasifier 4 to generate coarse gasification gas, the coarse gasification gas is sent to a gasification side waste heat recovery device 41, a gasification side dust treatment device 42, a gasification side spray tower 43, a gasification side gas fan 44 and a gasification side gas cabinet 45 which are connected in sequence, and the bottom of the gasification side spray tower 43 is connected with a circulating water tank 46. The gasification side waste heat recovery device 41 includes a gasification side high temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 and a gasification side low temperature section waste heat recovery device 412.

Referring to fig. 12, an embodiment of the present application provides a coal pyrolysis gasification system based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace, which includes at least two cyclone pyrolysis furnaces 1, a semicoke conveying chamber 3, and at least two cyclone gasification furnaces 4 connected in sequence. Fig. 12 shows that three cyclone pyrolysis furnaces 1 are respectively connected with a semicoke conveying chamber 3 through a material returning device 2, the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is respectively connected with three cyclone gasification furnaces 4 through a semicoke inlet pipe 32, and then the three cyclone pyrolysis furnaces 1 form a cyclone pyrolysis furnace array, and the three cyclone gasification furnaces 4 form a cyclone gasification furnace array.

Referring to fig. 13, an embodiment of the present application provides a coal pyrolysis gasification system based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace, where the return feeder 2 includes a vertical pipe 21 and a return pipe 22, the carbocoal outlet 103 of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is communicated with the vertical pipe 21 of the return feeder 2, and the return pipe 22 of the return feeder 2 is communicated with the lower portion of the carbocoal conveying chamber 3. The bottom of the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is provided with an air distribution plate 31, and the upper part of the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is communicated with the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through a semicoke inlet pipe 32.

Referring to fig. 13 to 16, a specific embodiment of the present application proposes a cyclone gasification furnace suitable for the coal pyrolysis gasification system, and the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is tangentially connected to the wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4. A funnel-shaped gasification furnace necking part 401 is connected in the middle lower part of the cyclone gasification furnace 4, and the gasification furnace necking part 401 divides the gasification furnace chamber into a gasification reaction chamber 402 and a slag quenching chamber 403 which are communicated up and down. The top of the gasification reaction chamber 402 is communicated with the semicoke inlet pipe 32, and a steam nozzle 4021 and an oxygen nozzle 4022 are sequentially arranged at the middle upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 402 and below the semicoke inlet pipe 32 from top to bottom. A coarse gasification gas outlet 4031 is formed in the middle-upper furnace wall of the slag quenching chamber 403, and a gasification furnace cooling piece 4032 is arranged in the middle-lower furnace wall of the slag quenching chamber 403.

The water vapor nozzles 4021 are preferably provided in two sets, that is, a first water vapor nozzle 40211 and a second water vapor nozzle 40212, and the two sets of water vapor nozzles 4021 are arranged opposite to each other by 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 and tangentially communicate with the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4. Similarly, the oxygen nozzles 4022 are preferably provided in two sets, i.e., a first oxygen nozzle 40221 and a second oxygen nozzle 40222, and the two sets of oxygen nozzles 4022 are arranged opposite to each other by 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 and tangentially communicate with the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace 4.

Referring to fig. 17 to 20, an embodiment of the present application provides a cyclone gasifier, and the wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber 402 includes a gasifier lining 55, a gasifier water-cooled wall 56, a gasifier wall 57 and a gasifier external insulation layer 58 in sequence from inside to outside. The wall surface structure of the slag quenching chamber 403 is sequentially provided with a gasification furnace lining 55, a gasification furnace wall plate 57 and a gasification furnace external heat-insulating layer 58 from inside to outside.

The water vapor nozzle 4021 and the oxygen nozzle 4022 have similar specific structures, and the cross sections of the water vapor nozzle 4021 and the oxygen nozzle 4022 are rectangular. The specific structure of the steam nozzle 4021 and the connection to the gasification furnace body will be described below by way of example. The wall structure of the water vapor nozzle 4021 includes a gasifier lining 55, a gasifier wall 57 and a gasifier external insulation layer 58 in sequence from inside to outside. A gasifier water wall 56 parallel to the wall surface of the inlet of the steam nozzle 4021 is arranged at the position where the inlet of the steam nozzle 4021 is connected with the wall of the cyclone gasifier 4, and the whole structure is that the steam nozzle 4021 has a small section which extends into the furnace chamber of the cyclone gasifier 4, and the gasifier water wall 56 is arranged on the small section.

Referring to fig. 21 and 22, an embodiment of the present application provides a cyclone gasifier, and the funnel-shaped gasifier throat member 401 includes a large upper end and a small lower end, and a straight-through section at a lower portion, and the gasifier throat member 401 is structured such that the gasifier water wall 56 is surrounded inside and outside by the gasifier lining 55. Preferably, the gasifier water wall 56 in the gasifier throat 401 is in communication with the gasifier water wall 56 in the wall of the gasification reaction chamber 402.

Referring to fig. 14, 16, 20, and 22, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cyclone gasifier, where a diameter of a furnace body of the cyclone gasifier 4 is d0, a diameter of a straight-through section of the gasifier throat 401 is d1, a diameter of a crude gasification gas outlet 4031 is d2, a height of the gasification reaction chamber 402 is h, a height of a semicoke inlet pipe 32 is h1, a width of the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is n, an inlet height of each of the water vapor nozzle 4021 and the oxygen nozzle 4022 is b and a, a central distance between the two water vapor nozzles 4021 and the two oxygen nozzles 4022 is h2, d1=500mm-800mm, d2= (1/5-1/2) d0, h = (3-5) d0, h1= (0.15-0.55) d0, n = (0.15-0.25) h1, a = (0.15-0.25) b, and h2= (0.7-0.9) d0.

The pyrolysis and gasification process based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace provided by one specific embodiment of the application is as follows: part of the pulverized coal A enters a coal inlet pipe 1021 of the pulverized coal burner under the conveying of the pulverized coal conveying gas Q, and pulverized coal airflow enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in a spiral form under the action of the swirl vanes; oxygen B enters the pulverized coal burner 102 from the oxygen layer 1028, and enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in a spiral manner under the action of the swirl vanes; the flow velocity of the coal dust airflow and the oxygen airflow passing through the swirl vanes is 20m/s-30m/s. Natural gas R enters the combustion chamber 106 from a gas inlet 1026 as a torch for starting the pyrolysis furnace. The pulverized coal A and the oxygen B are contacted and combusted in the combustion reaction chamber 106, and high-temperature flue gas moving downwards in a spiral mode is generated. The deoxidized water G for cooling enters the first cooling layer 1027 from the cooling water inlet 10271, then carries out heat exchange in the water-cooling coil 10273, and the water vapor C after heat exchange flows out from the cooling water outlet 10272 of the first cooling layer 1027. The water-cooled wall 52 of the pyrolysis furnace arranged on the wall of the combustion reaction chamber 106 absorbs part of heat of high-temperature flue gas generated by coal combustion, and ensures that the temperature of the flue gas is below the ash melting point.

The rest part of the pulverized coal A is conveyed under the condition that the pulverized coal conveying gas Q is at the flow speed of 40-60 m/s, enters the pyrolysis reaction area 108 through the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 in a tangential mode, is mixed with high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion reaction chamber 106, the high-temperature flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source of the pulverized coal A, and the pulverized coal A is pyrolyzed to generate crude pyrolysis gas and semicoke containing gaseous tar. The pyrolysis reaction zone 108 is an insulated furnace without the pyrolysis furnace water cooled wall 52. The operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is 550-650 ℃, and the pressure is 1-30 bar. The design temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is the corresponding temperature under the condition of maximum tar yield, and the specific operation temperature is finely adjusted according to the coal type.

The crude pyrolysis gas containing gaseous tar and high-temperature semicoke generated by the pyrolysis reaction enter a pyrolysis furnace gas-coke separation chamber 109 through a pyrolysis furnace necking part 107, the high-temperature semicoke D leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through a semicoke outlet 103 under the action of gravity, and the crude pyrolysis gas E leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through a crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105. After the crude pyrolysis gas E is treated by the pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11, the pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12, the pyrolysis side spray tower 13, the electrical tar precipitator 15, the pyrolysis side gas fan 16 and the pyrolysis side gas cabinet 17 which are connected in sequence, waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, tar recovery, transportation and storage are carried out in sequence, and finally the crude pyrolysis gas E becomes the clean pyrolysis gas Q.

The pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11 is a waste heat boiler, the hot end is crude pyrolysis gas E with the temperature of 550-650 ℃, the hot end outlet is pyrolysis gas with the temperature of 380-450 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is water vapor C. The pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is self-developed equipment of the company, and has a specific structure shown in CN112156900B, and the operating temperature is 380-450 ℃. The pyrolysis side spray tower 13 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is reduced to 20-40 ℃ after the pyrolysis gas is sprayed and cooled by the pyrolysis side spray tower 13. A portion of the net pyrolysis gas Q from the pyrolysis side gas fan 16 serves as a transport medium for the pulverized coal a. The pyrolysis side spray tower 13 and the electrical tar precipitator 15 are also connected with the tar tank 14, and the aqueous tar N obtained by the pyrolysis side spray tower 13 and the electrical tar precipitator 15 enters the tar tank 14. The dust M is collected at the pyrolysis-side high-temperature dust collector 12.

The high-temperature semicoke D enters a vertical pipe 21 of the return feeder 2 and enters the semicoke conveying chamber 3 through a return pipe 22 under the conveying of the return feeder 2. The high-temperature semicoke D in the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is pneumatically conveyed by the heated purified gasification gas K introduced by the air distribution plate 31 and tangentially enters the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through the semicoke inlet pipe 32. The high-temperature semicoke D tangentially enters the cyclone gasifier 4, is firstly mixed with water vapor C from the water vapor nozzle 4021 and then mixed with oxygen B from the oxygen nozzle 4022, the mixture is subjected to gasification reaction in the gasification reaction chamber 402 to generate coarse gasification gas and liquid slag, the coarse gasification gas and the liquid slag enter the slag quenching chamber 403 through the gasifier throat piece 401, the liquid slag is cooled to become solid slag under the cooling of the cooling piece 4032, the cooled coarse gasification gas F leaves the cyclone gasifier 4 from the coarse gasification gas outlet 4031, and the solid gasification slag is discharged from the bottom.

The gas flow velocity in the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is 40-60 m/s, and the gas flow velocity of the oxygen and water vapor nozzle is 70-100 m/s. The operating temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is 1200-1700 ℃, the pressure is 1-30 bar, and the pressure of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is slightly higher than that of the cyclone gasification furnace 4, so that a material seal is ensured to exist in the vertical pipe 21, and the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and the cyclone gasification furnace 4 are prevented from forming gas short circuit. The operation temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is 200-300 ℃ higher than the melting temperature of the ash slag, and the specific operation temperature depends on the nature of the ash slag. Deoxygenated water G is introduced into an inlet of a gasifier water-cooled wall 56 arranged in the furnace wall of the gasification reaction chamber 402 of the cyclone gasifier 4, and water vapor C is sent out from an outlet. The temperature of the crude gasification gas F cooled by the gasification furnace cooling piece 4032 is 850-950 ℃. Preferably, the oxygen-semicoke ratio of the cyclone gasification furnace is 0.5m ³ /Kg-0.8m ³ The steam semicoke ratio is less than or equal to 0.5Kg/Kg.

The raw gasification gas F passes through a gasification-side waste heat recovery device 41, a gasification-side dust treatment device 42, a gasification-side spray tower 43, a gasification-side gas fan 44, and a gasification-side gas holder 45, which are connected in this order, and is subjected to waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, conveyance, and storage in this order, and finally becomes a purified gasification gas K. The gasification side waste heat recovery device 41 is a multi-stage waste heat boiler, and includes a gasification side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 and a gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412. The inlet of the hot end of the gasification side high temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 is crude gasification gas F with the temperature of 850-950 ℃, the outlet of the hot end is gasification gas with the temperature of 500-850 ℃, the inlet of the cold end is purified gasification gas K, and the outlet of the cold end is purified gasification gas K after temperature rise. Preferably, the temperature of the cold end outlet is consistent with that of the high-temperature semicoke D. The hot end inlet of the gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412 is gasified gas at 500-850 ℃, the hot end outlet is gasified gas at 180-250 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is water vapor C. The gasification side dust treatment device 42 is a bag type dust collector, and the operation temperature is 180-250 ℃. The gasification side spray tower 43 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of the gasified gas from the gasification side dust treatment device 42 is reduced to 20-40 ℃ after the gasified gas is sprayed and cooled by the gasification side spray tower 43. A circulation water tank 46 is connected to the bottom of the vaporization side spray tower 43, and the liquid water P from the vaporization side spray tower 43 enters the circulation water tank 46. The dust M is collected at the gasification-side dust processing apparatus 42.

The utility model provides a whirlwind pyrolysis oven's beneficial effect and the principle that corresponds thereof: first, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 of this application is integrated burning and pyrolysis in a stove, is favorable to the modularization of system, has effectively avoided the problem of high-temperature gas transport difficulty, and then can realize the homogeneous mixing of high temperature heating flue gas and coal, guarantees the abundant pyrolysis of coal. Meanwhile, the combustion reaction chamber 106 and the pyrolysis reaction region 108 are relatively independent in the furnace, so that all oxygen supplied to the furnace can be completely consumed in the combustion reaction chamber 106, and the oxygen is prevented from contacting with the coal dust in the pyrolysis reaction region 108. The reaction of coal and oxygen is successively undergone the processes of volatilization analysis, combustion of gas product and combustion of coke. One of the core objectives of the pyrolysis reaction of the present application is to produce tar, which is produced in the volatilization analysis process of coal, and once oxygen is contacted, the tar will preferentially react with the oxygen, so that the incorporation of oxygen very easily results in the reduction of tar yield. The regional pyrolysis reaction area 108 and the combustion reaction chamber 106 that sets up of this application, partial buggy takes place the combustion reaction at combustion reaction chamber 106 and oxygen, consumes oxygen and produces a large amount of flue gases, and high temperature flue gas mixes with the fine coal that gets into pyrolysis reaction area 108 again and provides the pyrolysis heat source for it.

Secondly, the heat source of cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 described in this application is high temperature flue gas, through set up swirl vane inside pulverized coal burner 102, pulverized coal advances pipe 104 and is carried by high-speed (40 ms-60 ms) pulverized coal conveying gas Q and gets into cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 from the tangential direction simultaneously, the gas-solid mixture that gets into cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 produces spiral decurrent air current in the stove, the high temperature flue gas that pyrolysis reaction region 108 produced is inhaled in the spiral air current entrainment, guarantee that the flue gas in combustion reaction chamber 106 and pyrolysis reaction region 108 is spiral downstream, finally realize the homogeneous mixing of high temperature heating flue gas and coal, concrete effect is as shown in fig. 23. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 does not adopt the scheme of taking high-temperature gasified gas as a pyrolysis heat source like the background technology CN103992824B, and the reason is that the tail end purification process is not favorable after the high-temperature gasified gas and the pyrolysis gas are combined into one, and the high-temperature gasified gas is difficult to convey and has high cost.

Thirdly, in the present application, a first water-cooled cooling layer 1027 and a water-cooled coil 10273 are respectively disposed near the coal inlet 1021 and the oxygen layer 1028 of the pulverized coal burner to prevent the related parts of the pulverized coal burner 102 from being burned out by the high-temperature flue gas. The combustion reaction chamber 106 is provided with a pyrolysis furnace water-cooling wall 52 for absorbing partial heat of the high-temperature flue gas, ensuring that the temperature of the flue gas is below an ash melting point, and avoiding the occurrence of liquid slag which can be mixed with pulverized coal from the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 for coking once generated, thereby being not beneficial to subsequent reactions.

Fourthly, the coke oven gas separation chamber 109 and the pyrolysis reaction zone 108 are relatively independent and separated by the pyrolysis furnace throat 107, so that the damage of the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105 to the spiral gas flow field inside the pyrolysis reaction zone 108 is avoided to the maximum extent.

Fifthly, the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 ensures the retention time of coal in the furnace through specific structural parameters, and realizes the purpose of full pyrolysis. Specifically, the diameter D0 of the cylindrical body depends on the amount of pyrolysis furnace coal to be processed, and the larger the amount of coal to be processed, the larger the diameter. The combustor external diameter D1, the height H1 of the diameter expansion section of the combustion reaction chamber and the height H2 of the straight section of the combustion reaction chamber determine whether coal can be fully combusted in the combustion reaction chamber and whether flowing dead zones exist in flue gas generated by combustion. The diameter D3 of the bottom of the necking section of the pyrolysis furnace and the diameter D4 of the semicoke outlet are determined according to the specific semicoke yield, so that the semicoke can move smoothly without bridging. The diameter D2 of the outlet of the crude pyrolysis gas is determined according to the yield of the pyrolysis gas, and the flow rate of the gas is preferably ensured to be less than 30m/s. The height H of the pyrolysis reaction area mainly determines the retention time of coal for pyrolysis in the furnace, the larger the H is, the longer the path of the spiral motion of the gas flow is, the longer the path of the solid carried by the gas is, but after the height of the pyrolysis reaction area is increased to a certain degree, the spiral trend of the spiral motion gas flow is weaker and weaker. The height H3 of the coal powder inlet pipe 104 and the width L of the coal powder inlet pipe 104 determine the movement state of the coal powder entering the furnace, and the coal powder enters the furnace from the tangential welting direction of the pyrolysis furnace preferentially, so that the coal powder inlet pipe preferably has a larger inlet height and a smaller inlet width.

The application of the cyclone gasification furnace has the beneficial effects that: first, the air current is in spiral motion's power field structural state in the cyclone gasifier 4 of this application, and it sends high temperature semicoke into cyclone gasifier 4 through semicoke transport chamber 3 with high-speed tangential mode, and spiral motion's power field structure does benefit to the intensive mixing of gas-solid, has increased solid dwell time, and the concrete effect is as shown in fig. 24. This application adopts semicoke transport chamber 3 to solve high temperature semicoke and carries difficult problem, and high temperature semicoke carries chamber 3 through returning charge ware 2, sets up air distribution plate 31 in semicoke transport chamber 3 bottom, is connected with semicoke inlet pipe 32 at semicoke transport chamber 3 top. The high-temperature semicoke entering the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is conveyed into the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through the heated purified gasification gas, and the gas flow velocity entering the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is easily adjusted by reasonably setting the section of the semicoke inlet pipe 32.

Second, the steam nozzle 4021, the hierarchical tangential arrangement of oxygen nozzle 4022 of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 of this application, steam nozzle 4021 is located the top of oxygen nozzle 4022, because of cyclone gasification furnace 4 adopts the slag tapping form of liquid state, and the volume heat load is very high, and the steam of the above-mentioned mode of laying plays the dual function of gasifying agent and cooling, avoids local high temperature to cause the stove inside lining to become invalid, can also maintain reasonable power field structure in the cyclone gasification furnace 4 simultaneously.

Thirdly, water-cooling walls parallel to the wall surface of the inlet are arranged at the positions where the inlets of the water vapor nozzle 4021 and the oxygen nozzle 4022 are connected with the wall of the gasification furnace, and a small section of the oxygen/water vapor nozzle extends into the cyclone gasification furnace 4. The oxygen/water vapor nozzle is positioned in a high-temperature area, is easily subjected to strong radiation of flame and rapidly oxidized to cause local overhigh temperature, and absorbs partial heat by penetrating into a water-cooled wall arranged in the gasifier in parallel with the nozzle section to play a role in cooling and protecting the nozzle.

Fourthly, the gasification reaction chamber 402 and the slag quenching chamber 403 are relatively independent and separated by the gasification furnace constriction part 401, so that the damage of the coarse gasification gas outlet 4031 to the spiral movement gas flow in the gasification reaction chamber 402 is avoided to the maximum extent.

Fifthly, the gasification reaction chamber 402 and the gasification furnace constriction 401 are wrapped by water walls, and the water walls inside the gasification furnace constriction 401 and the water walls inside the gasification reaction chamber 402 are integrally connected into a whole. This application cyclone gasification furnace 4 adopts the slag tapping form, and volume heat load is very high, and the temperature is high in the furnace, adopts the structural style of water-cooling wall, can play the technological effect of "with the anti sediment of sediment", the protective furnace inside lining.

Sixthly, the cyclone gasification furnace 4 ensures the retention time of coal in the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through specific structural parameters, and the purpose of full gasification is realized. Specifically, the diameter d0 of the cylindrical body depends on the amount of the semicoke introduced into the cyclone gasification furnace 4, and the larger the amount of the semicoke to be treated, the larger the diameter. The diameter d2 of the coarse gasification gas outlet is determined according to the output of the gasification gas, and the gas flow rate is ensured to be less than 30m/s. The height h of the gasification reaction area mainly determines the retention time of the semicoke in the furnace, the larger the h is, the longer the path of the spiral motion of the gas flow is, the longer the path of the solid carried by the gas is, but after the height of the gasification reaction area is increased to a certain degree, the spiral trend of the spiral motion gas flow is weaker and weaker. The diameter of the bottom of the necking part of the gasification furnace is specifically determined by the yield of the liquid slag, so that the liquid slag can move smoothly and is free from bridging. The height h1 and the width n of the cross section of the semicoke inlet pipe determine the movement form of the semicoke entering the furnace, and the semicoke enters from the tangential welt of the gasification furnace preferentially, so that the semicoke inlet pipe has a larger inlet height and a smaller inlet width preferentially. The inlet height b and the width a of the oxygen/water vapor nozzle determine the movement form of the gasifying agent entering the furnace, and the gasifying agent enters the furnace tangentially preferably, so that the larger inlet height and the smaller inlet width are preferred. The center distance between the two oxygen/steam nozzles is h2, and h2 is preferably smaller than d0, because the gas flow velocity of the oxygen/steam nozzles is 70-100 m/s, and the gas flow velocity is very high, so that the lining of the gasification furnace can be seriously washed if the oxygen/steam nozzles are directly attached to the gasification furnace.

Example 1

0.6t/h of pulverized coal A in pulverized coal conveying gas Q (120 m) ³ H) enters a coal feeding pipe 1021 of the pulverized coal burner, and further enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 with a spiral airflow structure under the action of a rotational flow blade, wherein the airflow structure is 920m ³ The/h oxygen B enters the pulverized coal burner 102 from the oxygen layer 1028 and enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in a spiral airflow structure under the action of the swirl vanes, and the flow velocity of gas (including pulverized coal conveying gas and oxygen) passing through the swirl vanes is 20m/s. The pulverized coal A and the oxygen B are in contact combustion, and a large amount of high-temperature flue gas in spiral motion is generated. 8t/h pulverized coal A in pulverized coal conveying gas Q (2700 m) ³ H) enters the pyrolysis reaction area 108 through the pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 in a tangential entering mode under the conveying of the gas flow velocity of 40m/s, and is mixed with a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion reaction chamber 106, the high-temperature flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source of the pulverized coal A, and the pulverized coal A is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reaction area 108 to generate crude pyrolysis gas containing gaseous tar and semicoke. The operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is 600 ℃, and the pressure is 1.2bar. The design temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is the temperature corresponding to the maximum tar yield condition.

The crude pyrolysis gas containing gaseous tar and the high-temperature semicoke generated by the pyrolysis reaction enter a pyrolysis furnace gas-coke separation chamber 109 through a pyrolysis furnace necking part 107, the high-temperature semicoke D leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through a semicoke outlet 103 under the action of gravity, and the crude pyrolysis gas E leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through a crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105. The crude pyrolysis gas flow rate is 6458Nm ³ H, the temperature is 600 ℃; the amount of semicoke is 4.8t/h, and the temperature is 600 ℃.

The crude pyrolysis gas E discharged from the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105 passes through the pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11, the pyrolysis side high temperature dust collector 12, the pyrolysis side spray tower 13, the electrical tar precipitator 15, the pyrolysis side gas fan 16 and the pyrolysis side gas holder 17 which are connected in sequence, and is sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, tar recovery, transportation and storage, and finally becomes the clean pyrolysis gas Q. The pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11 is a waste heat boiler, the hot end is crude pyrolysis gas E with the temperature of 600 ℃, the hot end outlet is pyrolysis gas with the temperature of 380 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is water vapor C. The pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is self-developed equipment of the company, and the specific structure is detailed in CN112156900B, running temperature 380 deg.C. The pyrolysis side spray tower 13 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is reduced to 40 ℃ after the pyrolysis gas is sprayed and cooled by the pyrolysis side spray tower 13. The tar oil is finally obtained by pyrolysis gas side purification treatment at 0.96t/h and the clean coal gas is 2870m ³ /h。

4.8t/h of high-temperature semicoke D enters the semicoke conveying chamber 3 through the return pipe 22 and then is subjected to the heated purified gasification gas K (7200 m) from the air distribution plate 21 ³ And/h, 600 ℃) enters the cyclone gasification furnace 4 through the semicoke inlet pipe 32 under the action of pneumatic transmission. The high-temperature semicoke D introduced into the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is first mixed with the steam C (flow rate 1.4 t/h) from the steam nozzle 4021 and then with the oxygen B (flow rate 3365 m) from the oxygen nozzle 4022 ³ H), mixing, carrying out gasification reaction in a gasification reaction chamber 402 under the action of water vapor C and oxygen B to generate crude gasified gas and liquid slag, enabling the crude gasified gas and the liquid slag to enter a slag quenching chamber 403 through a gasification furnace reducing piece 401, reducing the temperature of the liquid slag to form solid slag under the cooling of a cooling piece 4032, enabling the crude gasified gas F after temperature reduction to leave a cyclone gasification furnace 4 from a crude gasified gas outlet 4031, and enabling the solid gasified slag to leave the cyclone gasification furnace 4 from an opening at the bottom.

The gas flow rate of the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is 40m/s, the gas flow rate of the oxygen/steam nozzle is 70m/s, the operating temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is 1500 ℃, the pressure is 1bar, and the design pressure of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is slightly higher than that of the cyclone gasification furnace 4, so that the material seal in the vertical pipe 21 is ensured, and the gas short circuit between the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is avoided. And a gasifier water-cooled wall 56 is arranged in the wall of the gasification reaction chamber 402 of the cyclone gasifier 4, deoxygenated water G is introduced into an inlet of the gasifier water-cooled wall 56, and water vapor C is sent out from an outlet. The temperature of the crude gasification gas F cooled by the gasification furnace cooling piece 4032 is 900 ℃, and the flow rate is 51482m ³ /h。

The raw gasification gas F is sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, transportation, and storage through a gasification-side waste heat recovery device 41, a gasification-side dust treatment device 42, a gasification-side spray tower 43, a gasification-side gas fan 44, and a gasification-side gas tank 45, which are sequentially connected, and finally becomes a purified gasification gas K.

The gasification side streamThe heat recovery device 41 is a multi-stage waste heat boiler, and includes a gasification side high-temperature stage waste heat recovery device 411 and a gasification side low-temperature stage waste heat recovery device 412. The hot end inlet of the waste heat recovery device 411 at the high temperature section of the gasification side is crude gasification gas F with the temperature of 900 ℃, the hot end outlet is gasification gas with the temperature of 810 ℃, the cold end inlet is purified gasification gas K, the cold end outlet is purified gasification gas K after temperature rise, and the cold end outlet is 600 ℃. The hot end inlet of the gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412 is gasified gas at 810 ℃, the hot end outlet is gasified gas at 200 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is steam C. The gasification-side dust treatment apparatus 42 is a bag dust collector, and the operating temperature is 200 ℃. The gasification side spray tower 43 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of the gasified gas from the gasification side dust treatment device 42 is reduced to 40 ℃ after the gasified gas is sprayed and cooled by the gasification side spray tower 43. The bottom of the vaporization side spray tower 43 is also connected to a circulation water tank 46, and the liquid water P from the vaporization side spray tower 43 is introduced into the circulation water tank 46. The dust M is collected at the gasification-side dust processing apparatus 42. The flow rate of the finally obtained purified gasification gas K is 10781m ³ H is used as the reference value. Purifying CO + H in gasified gas K ₂ The content is more than 90 percent.

The utility model provides a 1 barrel diameter of whirlwind pyrolysis furnace is D0, and the combustor external diameter is D1, and thick pyrolysis gas outlet diameter is D2, and pyrolysis furnace throat section bottom diameter is D3, and semicoke outlet diameter is D4, and pyrolysis reaction zone 108 height is H, and combustion chamber hole enlargement section 1061 height is H1, and the straight section 1062 height of combustion chamber is H2, and the buggy advances the pipe 104 height and is H3, and the buggy advances the pipe 104 width and is L. D0=3m, D1=1.5m, D2=0.7m, D3=600mm, D4=600mm, h =15m, h1=0.5m, h2=3m, h3=0.5m, l =0.12m.

The cyclone gasification furnace 4 has a furnace body diameter d0, a bottom diameter d1 of a gasification furnace necking piece 401, a diameter d2 of a crude gasification gas outlet 4031, a height h of a gasification reaction chamber 402, a height h1 of a semicoke inlet pipe 32, a width n of the semicoke inlet pipe 32, and a central distance h2 between two water vapor nozzles 4021 and two oxygen nozzles 4022, wherein d0=2.5m, d1=600mm, d2=1m, h =10m, h1=0.5m, n =0.1m, h2=2m.

Example 2

The structural size and the throughput of the single cyclone pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone gasification furnace were the same as those of example 1. The coal amount for pyrolysis is 24t/h, and a combination form of 3 cyclone pyrolysis furnaces, 1 semicoke conveying chamber and 3 cyclone gasification furnaces is adopted.

1.8t/h of pulverized coal A is divided into three paths to convey gas Q (each path is 120 m) ³ H) is conveyed to enter a coal powder burner coal inlet pipe 1021 of each cyclone pyrolysis furnace, and further enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in a spiral airflow structure under the action of a swirl vane, wherein the air flow structure is 920m ³ The/h oxygen B enters the pulverized coal burner 102 from the oxygen layer 1028 and enters the combustion reaction chamber 106 in a spiral airflow structure under the action of the swirl vanes, and the flow velocity of gas (including pulverized coal conveying gas and oxygen) passing through the swirl vanes is 20m/s. The pulverized coal A and the oxygen B are in contact combustion, and a large amount of high-temperature flue gas in spiral motion is generated. 24t/h of pulverized coal A is divided into three paths of conveying gas Q (every path 2700 m) ³ And/h) the pulverized coal is conveyed at a gas flow velocity of 40m/s and enters a pyrolysis reaction area 108 of each cyclone pyrolysis furnace through a pulverized coal inlet pipe 104 in a tangential entering mode, the pyrolysis reaction area is mixed with a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion reaction chamber 106, the high-temperature flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source of the pulverized coal A, and the pulverized coal A is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reaction area 108 to generate crude pyrolysis gas and semicoke containing gaseous tar. The operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is 600 ℃, and the pressure is 1.2bar. The design temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is a temperature corresponding to the maximum tar yield condition.

The crude pyrolysis gas containing gaseous tar and high-temperature semicoke generated by the pyrolysis reaction enter the pyrolysis furnace coke separating chamber 109 through the pyrolysis furnace necking piece 107, the rear high-temperature semicoke D leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through the semicoke outlet 103 under the action of gravity, and the crude pyrolysis gas E leaves the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 through the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105. The flow rate of each path of crude pyrolysis gas is 6458Nm ³ H, the temperature is 600 ℃; the amount of semicoke in each path is 4.8t/h, and the temperature is 600 ℃.

The crude pyrolysis gas E led out from the crude pyrolysis gas outlet 105 is combined into one path and then passes through the pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device 11, the pyrolysis side high temperature dust collector 12, the pyrolysis side spray tower 13, the electrical tar precipitator 15, the pyrolysis side gas fan 16 and the pyrolysis side gas cabinet 17 which are connected in sequence to perform waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, tar recovery, transportation and storage in sequence and finally become the clean pyrolysis gas Q. Pyrolysis side waste heat recoveryThe device 11 is a waste heat boiler, the hot end is the crude pyrolysis gas E with the temperature of 600 ℃, the hot end outlet is the pyrolysis gas with the temperature of 380 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is water vapor C. The pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is self-developed equipment of the company, and the specific structure is described in detail in CN112156900B, and the operating temperature is 380 ℃. The pyrolysis side spray tower 13 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis side high-temperature dust remover 12 is reduced to 40 ℃ after the pyrolysis gas is sprayed and cooled by the pyrolysis side spray tower 13. The tar is finally obtained by the pyrolysis gas side purification treatment, wherein the tar is 2.88t/h, and the purified gas is 8610m ³ /h。

4.8t/h of high-temperature semicoke D enters the semicoke conveying chamber 3 through the return pipe 22, the total amount of the high-temperature semicoke D entering the semicoke conveying chamber 3 is 14.4t/h, and then purified gasification gas K (21600 m) is obtained after the temperature is raised from the air distribution plate 21 ³ And h, the semi-coke enters the three cyclone gasification furnaces 4 in three ways through a semi-coke inlet pipe 32 under the pneumatic conveying action at 600 ℃, and the semi-coke inlet amount of each cyclone gasification furnace is 4.8t/h. Each path of the high-temperature semicoke D entering the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is firstly mixed with the steam C (single path, flow rate of 1.4 t/h) from the steam nozzle 4021 and then mixed with the oxygen B (single path, flow rate of 3365 m) from the oxygen nozzle 4022 ³ H), mixing, carrying out gasification reaction in a gasification reaction chamber 402 under the action of water vapor C and oxygen B to generate crude gasified gas and liquid slag, enabling the crude gasified gas and the liquid slag to enter a slag quenching chamber 403 through a gasifier throat piece 401, reducing the temperature of the liquid slag to form solid slag under the cooling of a cooling piece 4032, enabling the cooled crude gasified gas F to leave the cyclone gasifier 4 from a crude gasified gas outlet 4031, and enabling the solid gasified slag to leave the cyclone gasifier 4 from an opening at the bottom.

The gas flow rate of the semicoke inlet pipe 32 is 40m/s, the gas flow rate of the oxygen/steam nozzle is 70m/s, the operating temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is 1500 ℃, the pressure is 1bar, and the design pressure of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 is slightly higher than that of the cyclone gasification furnace 4, so that the material seal in the vertical pipe 21 is ensured, and the gas short circuit between the cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and the cyclone gasification furnace 4 is avoided. The gasification furnace water-cooling wall 56 is arranged in the wall of the gasification reaction chamber 402 of the cyclone gasification furnace 4, the inlet of the gasification furnace water-cooling wall 56 is filled with deoxygenated water G, and the outlet is used for delivering water vapor C. The temperature of the raw gasification gas F after each path is cooled by the gasification furnace cooling piece 4032 is 900 ℃ and a flow rate of 51482m ³ /h。

The total gas amount of the combined crude gasification gas F is 154446m ³ And h, sequentially performing waste heat recovery, dust removal, cooling, conveying and storage through a gasification side waste heat recovery device 41, a gasification side dust treatment device 42, a gasification side spray tower 43, a gasification side gas fan 44 and a gasification side gas cabinet 45 which are sequentially connected, and finally changing into the purified gasification gas K.

The gasification side waste heat recovery device 41 is a multi-stage waste heat boiler, and includes a gasification side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 and a gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412. The hot end inlet of the gasification side high temperature section waste heat recovery device 411 is crude gasified gas F with the temperature of 900 ℃, the hot end outlet is gasified gas with the temperature of 810 ℃, the cold end inlet is purified gasified gas K, the cold end outlet is purified gasified gas K after temperature rise, and the cold end outlet is 600 ℃. The hot end inlet of the gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device 412 is gasified gas at 810 ℃, the hot end outlet is gasified gas at 200 ℃, the cold end inlet is deoxygenated water G, and the cold end outlet is steam C. The gasification-side dust treatment apparatus 42 is a bag dust collector, and the operating temperature is 200 ℃. The gasification side spray tower 43 is a water spray tower, and the temperature of the gasified gas from the gasification side dust treatment device 42 is reduced to 40 ℃ after the gasified gas is sprayed and cooled by the gasification side spray tower 43. The bottom of the vaporization side spray tower 43 is also connected to a circulation water tank 46, and the liquid water P from the vaporization side spray tower 43 is introduced into the circulation water tank 46. The dust M is collected at the gasification-side dust processing apparatus 42. The flow rate of the finally obtained purified gasification gas K is 32343m ³ H is used as the reference value. Purifying CO + H in gasified gas K ₂ The content is more than 90 percent.

The cyclone pyrolysis furnace 1 and the cyclone gasification furnace 4 of the present application are structurally sized according to example 1.

While embodiments of the present application have been illustrated and described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, there are also various changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the claimed application.

Claims

1. Cyclone pyrolysis furnace, columniform cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) stands on the basis, and its both ends diameter convergent and its both ends are respectively opened and are pyrolysis furnace top throat (101) and semicoke export (103) of lower extreme, its characterized in that of upper end: the pulverized coal burner (102) is arranged on a top reducing opening (101) of the pyrolysis furnace, the pulverized coal burner (102) comprises a pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder (1022), a pulverized coal burner middle reducing section (1023) and a pulverized coal burner lower straight cylinder (1024) which are communicated in sequence, a hollow pipeline formed by the communication of the three is outwards provided with a gas inlet pipe (1026), a first cooling layer (1027) and an oxygen layer (1028) in sequence from the axis, the pulverized coal burner (102) further comprises at least two pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipes (1021) uniformly distributed around the pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder (1022), and the pulverized coal burner coal inlet pipes (1021) are communicated with the pulverized coal burner upper straight cylinder (1022) in an inclined downward mode; the cyclone pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that a coal powder inlet pipe (104) is arranged on a near-coal powder burner (102) on the middle upper portion of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1), a crude pyrolysis gas outlet (105) is formed in the middle lower portion of the furnace wall of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1), the coal powder inlet pipe (104) is communicated with the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) in the tangential direction, a funnel-shaped pyrolysis furnace necking piece (107) is connected into the furnace wall between the coal powder inlet pipe (104) and the crude pyrolysis gas outlet (105), a furnace space between the coal powder burner (102) and the coal powder inlet pipe (104) is a combustion reaction chamber (106), and the residual space in the furnace is divided into a pyrolysis reaction area (108) and a pyrolysis coke separation chamber (109) by the pyrolysis furnace necking piece (107) which are communicated up and down and are located on the middle lower portion of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1).

2. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the end part of the first cooling layer (1027) in the furnace is provided with a water-cooling coil (10273), the end part of the lower straight cylinder (1024) of the pulverized coal burner in the furnace is provided with a first swirl blade (10241), the end part of the oxygen layer (1028) is provided with a second swirl blade (10281), and the bottom ends of the first swirl blade (10241), the second swirl blade (10281) and the water-cooling coil (10273) are equal in height and lower than the bottom end of the fuel gas inlet pipe (1026).

3. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 2, wherein: the variable diameter section (1023) in the middle of the pulverized coal burner is a square round section with a small upper part and a big lower part, the outer wall of the variable diameter section is connected with a support (1025), and the support (1025) is abutted against a top necking of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) and is close to a water cooling wall (52) of the pyrolysis furnace; the oxygen layer (1028) is an annular pipe and is abutted against the inner walls of the upper straight cylinder (1022), the middle reducing section (1023) and the lower straight cylinder (1024) of the pulverized coal burner.

4. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the coal powder inlet pipe (104) is rectangular; the combustion reaction chamber (106) comprises a combustion chamber expanding section (1061) at the upper part and a combustion chamber straight section (1062) at the lower part, and the furnace wall structure of the combustion reaction chamber (106) sequentially comprises a pyrolysis furnace lining (51), a pyrolysis furnace water-cooling wall (52), a pyrolysis furnace wall plate (53) and a pyrolysis furnace external heat-insulating layer (54) from inside to outside; the furnace wall structure of the pyrolysis reaction area (108) is sequentially provided with a pyrolysis furnace lining (51), a pyrolysis furnace wall plate (53) and a pyrolysis furnace external heat-insulating layer (54) from inside to outside; the funnel-shaped necking piece (107) of the pyrolysis furnace comprises a big end and a small end at the upper part and a straight-through section at the lower part, and the structure of the necking piece (107) of the pyrolysis furnace is that the inner side and the outer side of a wall plate (53) of the pyrolysis furnace are surrounded by a lining (51) of the pyrolysis furnace.

5. The cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 4, wherein: the diameter of a furnace body of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is D0, the outer diameter of a pulverized coal burner (102) is D1, the diameter of a crude pyrolysis gas outlet is D2, the diameter of a straight section of a necking piece (107) of the pyrolysis furnace is D3, the diameter of a semicoke outlet is D4, the height of a pyrolysis reaction zone (108) is H, the height of a combustion chamber expanding section (1061) is H1, the height of a combustion chamber straight section (1062) is H2, the height of a pulverized coal inlet pipe (104) is H3, the width of the pulverized coal inlet pipe (104) is L, D1= (0.45-0.55) D0, D2= (1/5-1/3) D0, D3=500mm-800mm, D4=400mm-L000mm, H = (3-5) D0, H1= (0.1-0.2) D0, H2= (0.8-2) D0, H3= (0.1-0.6) D0, H0.25-0.25H 3) L0.

6. Pyrolysis gasification system based on whirlwind pyrolysis oven, its characterized in that: the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1), the material returning device (2), the semicoke conveying chamber (3) and the cyclone gasification furnace (4) are sequentially connected, wherein the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is as defined in claim 1, at least two cyclone pyrolysis furnaces (1) and at least two cyclone gasification furnaces (4) are arranged, and one semicoke conveying chamber (3) is arranged, so that an array type pyrolysis furnace and gasification furnace system is formed.

7. The pyrolysis gasification system based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 6, wherein: the device comprises a material returning device (2) and a semi-coke conveying chamber, wherein the material returning device (2) comprises a vertical pipe (21) and a material returning pipe (22), a semi-coke outlet (103) of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is communicated with the vertical pipe (21) of the material returning device (2), the material returning pipe (22) is communicated with the lower part of the semi-coke conveying chamber (3), an air distribution plate (31) is arranged at the bottom of the semi-coke conveying chamber (3), the upper part of the semi-coke conveying chamber (3) is communicated with the top end of the cyclone gasification furnace (4) through a semi-coke inlet pipe (32), and the semi-coke inlet pipe (32) is tangentially connected with the furnace wall of the cyclone gasification furnace (4).

8. The pyrolysis gasification system based on the cyclone pyrolysis furnace of claim 7, wherein: the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is sequentially connected with a pyrolysis side waste heat recovery device (11), a pyrolysis side high-temperature dust collector (12), a pyrolysis side spray tower (13), an electric tar precipitator (15), a pyrolysis side gas fan (16) and a pyrolysis side gas cabinet (17), coal required by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is provided by a coal pulverizer (18), and the pyrolysis side gas fan (16) provides power for conveying the coal; the cyclone gasification furnace (4) is sequentially connected with a gasification side waste heat recovery device (41), a gasification side dust treatment device (42), a gasification side spray tower (43), a gasification side gas fan (44) and a gasification side gas cabinet (45), and the gasification side waste heat recovery device (41) comprises a gasification side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device (411) and a gasification side low-temperature section waste heat recovery device (412).

9. The process based on the pyrolysis gasification system is characterized in that: the pyrolysis gasification system is as described in claim 8, wherein a part of raw coal enters a coal inlet pipe (1021) of the pulverized coal burner under the conveying of the purified pyrolysis gas, and then enters a combustion reaction chamber (106) in a spiral gas flow form under the action of a swirl vane, oxygen is introduced into the pulverized coal burner (102) from an oxygen layer (1028) and enters the combustion reaction chamber (106) in the spiral gas flow form under the action of the swirl vane, and the gas flow velocity passing through the swirl vane is 20m/s-30m/s; the rest raw material coal is tangentially conveyed into a pyrolysis reaction area (108) through a coal powder inlet pipe (104) at the speed of 40-60 m/s of conveying gas, and is mixed with high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion reaction chamber (106), the high-temperature flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source, the operating temperature of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is 550-650 ℃, and the pressure is 1-30 bar.

10. The pyrolysis gasification system based process of claim 9, wherein: high-temperature semicoke generated by the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) enters a semicoke conveying chamber (3) through a material returning device (2), then tangentially enters a cyclone gasification furnace (4) at the speed of 40-60 m/s, the high-temperature semicoke is sequentially mixed with water vapor and oxygen to generate gasification reaction to generate coarse gasification gas and liquid slag, the coarse gasification gas and the liquid slag enter a slag quenching chamber (403) through a gasification furnace necking piece (401) to be cooled, and the liquid slag is changed into solid slag; the gas flow rate of the water vapor and the oxygen is 70m/s-100m/s, the operation temperature of the cyclone gasification furnace (4) is 1200-1700 ℃, the pressure is 1bar-30bar, and the pressure of the cyclone pyrolysis furnace (1) is slightly higher than that of the cyclone gasification furnace (4); the crude gasification gas is changed into purified gasification gas through subsequent process treatment, part of the purified gasification gas is returned to the gasification side high-temperature section waste heat recovery device (411) for heat exchange and temperature rise, and the heated purified gasification gas is returned to the air distribution plate (31) of the semicoke conveying chamber (3) to be used as conveying power of the high-temperature semicoke.