CN115469355B - Tunnel geological detection test device and method - Google Patents
Tunnel geological detection test device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115469355B CN115469355B CN202211046647.9A CN202211046647A CN115469355B CN 115469355 B CN115469355 B CN 115469355B CN 202211046647 A CN202211046647 A CN 202211046647A CN 115469355 B CN115469355 B CN 115469355B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- control system
- model
- pressure
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 acryl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel geological detection test device and a method, wherein the test device comprises a tunnel geological detection model, a pressure control system, a water source control system and a central control system, the tunnel geological detection model comprises a tunnel model module, a tunnel surrounding rock module and a disaster source module which are sequentially connected, the tunnel model module comprises a first surrounding rock and a tunnel model, a seismic source module is arranged in the tunnel model, and the disaster source module comprises a second surrounding rock and a disaster source module; the pressure control system is arranged around the tunnel geological detection model and comprises a pressure plate and a pressure applying device, and the pressure applying device applies pressure to the tunnel geological detection model through the pressure plate; the water source control system comprises a water storage tank and a water flow controller, and the water storage tank is connected with the disaster source body module through a water pipe; the central control system is electrically connected with the pressure control system, and the central control system is electrically connected with the water source control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological detection, in particular to a tunnel geological detection test device and method.
Background
The tunnel geological detection is an indispensable link in tunnel construction, and has important roles in tunnel informatization construction, disaster prevention and control and safety guarantee. At present, tunnel geological exploration has developed various geophysical exploration methods such as a seismic wave method, a direct current method, an electromagnetic method and an induced polarization method. The earthquake wave method is based on the elasticity difference of stratum medium, has more sensitive response to large and medium disaster-causing structures such as faults, broken rock bodies, karst cave and the like, and can effectively reveal the space position and the form of bad geologic bodies in the range of 100m in front of the face. The method has higher accuracy due to longer detection distance, and becomes one of the advanced geological prediction methods of the geophysical prospecting species which are developed more mature and widely applied at present.
The mechanism of tunnel bad geological detection and prediction is extremely complex to study due to the complexity of physical field interpretation, the change of geological structure and the like. The existing tunnel geological detection is mostly used for carrying out simulation experiments on a single geological structure, such as a water-containing structure, but the geological environment faced in actual tunnel engineering is more complex, often faces various disaster sources, and the existing tunnel geological detection model cannot meet the simulation of complex geology. In addition, in the existing tunnel geological detection model, seismic waves are simulated and generated in a blasting mode for geological detection, the effect is poor, and the test has risks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems, the invention provides a tunnel geological detection test device and a tunnel geological detection test method, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows.
The tunnel geological detection test device comprises a tunnel geological detection model, a pressure control system, a water source control system and a central control system, wherein the tunnel geological detection model comprises a tunnel model module, a tunnel surrounding rock module and a disaster source module which are sequentially connected, the tunnel model module comprises a first surrounding rock and a tunnel model wrapped in the first surrounding rock, a seismic source module is arranged in the tunnel model, and the disaster source module comprises a second surrounding rock and a disaster source model wrapped in the second surrounding rock; the pressure control system is arranged around the tunnel geological detection model and comprises a pressure plate and a pressure applying device, and the pressure applying device applies pressure to the tunnel geological detection model through the pressure plate; the water source control system comprises a water storage tank and a water flow controller, and the water storage tank is connected with the disaster source module through a water pipe; the central control system is electrically connected with the pressure control system, and the central control system is electrically connected with the water source control system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the tunnel surrounding rock module, the first surrounding rock and the second surrounding rock are made of similar materials, and the similar materials are formed by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
12 parts of sand
Cement 1 part
1.5 Parts of water
The sand is standard sand, the cement is pozzolanic silicate cement and is used as cementing agent, the compactness of the whole similar material is controlled to be more than 0.85, the wave speed of the similar material is 2500-3000 m/s, the thermal conductivity of the similar material is 2.2-2.5W/(m.K), the specific heat capacity is 0.7-0.8 kJ/(Kg.DEG C), and the thermal diffusivity is 1.0-1.5 mm 2/s.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure control system includes a stress sensor, where the stress sensor is attached to a side of the pressure plate, where the side is in contact with the tunnel geological detection model, and the stress sensor is used to measure, in real time, a pressure applied by the pressure plate to the tunnel geological detection model.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure control system comprises a guide means arranged in correspondence with the pressure applying means, the guide means being adapted to limit the pressing direction of the pressure applying means.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of criss-cross grooves are formed on a side, close to the tunnel geological detection model, of the pressure plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the water source control system includes a water temperature controller, the water temperature controller is electrically connected to the central control system, and the water temperature controller is used for heating or insulating water in the water storage tank.
In some embodiments of the invention, the disaster source model comprises a fault structure, wherein the fault structure is 30cm long, runs to N45 DEG E, trends to NE and has an inclination angle of 60 deg.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the disaster source model includes a karst cave structure, the volume of the karst cave structure is 200mL, the water content is 160mL, and the distance between the karst cave structure and the tunnel face of the tunnel model is 45cm.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the source module includes a micro vibrator and a three-component pickup, each of which is mounted within the tunnel model, the micro vibrator including a housing within which an impingement member and a wave generator are mounted, stress waves of the impingement member impinging the wave generator propagating through the housing to the tunnel model.
The invention also provides a tunnel geological detection test method which is carried out based on the test device and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Selecting a corresponding tunnel model module, a seismic source module, a disaster source body module and a tunnel surrounding rock module according to the researched disaster source and influence factors, determining the size of surrounding pressure, and sequentially assembling the tunnel model module, the tunnel surrounding rock module and the disaster source body module into a complete tunnel geological exploration model according to the corresponding sizes;
Various pipelines in the test device are connected, a central control system is started, and whether the pressure control system and the water source control system can work normally or not is checked;
Setting a pressure value of a pressure control system to enable a tunnel geological detection model to be subjected to preset pressure;
Setting the amplitude, duration and time sequence of a seismic source in a central control system, starting a seismic source module, and receiving and recording related data in the central control system;
The central notification system processes the acquired data to obtain the time profile, depth offset profile, reflective layer extraction and medium physical parameters of the P wave, SH wave and SV wave.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the scheme, disaster sources, vibration sources, tunnel surrounding rocks and the like are modularized, different modules are selected according to different test types to be assembled with tunnel model modules, then a tunnel geological detection model is connected with a pressure control system, a water source control system and a central control system, forward modeling and inversion of tunnel engineering bad geological body detection can be completed, and tunnel engineering disaster source identification and positioning under complex geological conditions are achieved.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel geological exploration test device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel geological exploration model in the tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus provided in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel model in the tunnel geological exploration model provided in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the micro vibrator in the tunnel model provided in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another structure of the micro vibrator in the tunnel model provided in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a water source control system in the tunnel geological exploration test apparatus provided in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pressure control system in the tunnel geological exploration test apparatus provided in FIG. 1;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a pressure plate in the pressure control system provided in fig. 7.
Reference numerals: 100. a tunnel geological detection model; 111. a tunnel model; 112. a three-component detector; 113. a miniature vibrator; 1131. a housing; 1132. a striker; 1133. a wave generator; 114. a first surrounding rock; 120. a tunnel surrounding rock module; 131. a second surrounding rock; 132. a karst cave structure; 133. a fault structure; 200. a water source control system; 210. a water storage tank; 220. a water temperature controller; 221. an electric heating device; 230. a water flow controller; 300. a central control system; 400. a pressure control system; 410. a pressure plate; 411. a stress sensor; 420. a pressure applying device; 430. and a guide device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 through 8, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if the terms "center", "middle", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are used as directions or positional relationships based on the directions shown in the drawings, the directions are merely for convenience of description and for simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Features defining "first", "second" are used to distinguish feature names from special meanings, and furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the 21 st century, with the continuous development of economy, the continuous promotion of comprehensive national force and the continuous application of high and new technology, tunnels and underground engineering in China have been developed unprecedentedly rapidly. China has become the country with the largest tunnel and underground engineering mould, the largest quantity, the most complex geological conditions and structural forms and the fastest development speed of construction technology. Meanwhile, along with the increasing of urban subway construction force, the number of river-crossing and sea-crossing tunnel projects is increased, and the number of tunnels is greatly increased by the construction of major construction projects of the country such as long-distance water supply, underwater traffic, western gas east transport and the like, which relate to the problem of crossing rivers.
The tunnel geological detection is an indispensable link in tunnel construction, and has important roles in tunnel informatization construction, disaster prevention and control and safety guarantee. At present, tunnel geological exploration has developed various geophysical exploration methods such as a seismic wave method, a direct current method, an electromagnetic method and an induced polarization method. The earthquake wave method is based on the elasticity difference of stratum medium, has more sensitive response to large and medium disaster-causing structures such as faults, broken rock bodies, karst cave and the like, and can effectively reveal the space position and the form of bad geologic bodies in the range of 100m in front of the face. The method has higher accuracy due to longer detection distance, and becomes one of the advanced geological prediction methods of the geophysical prospecting species which are developed more mature and widely applied at present.
The mechanism of tunnel bad geological detection and prediction is extremely complex, and students at home and abroad conduct a great deal of research, thus obtaining a certain result. The mechanism of detecting and forecasting the poor geology of the tunnel is extremely complex to study due to the complexity of the interpretation of the physical field, the change of the geological structure and the like, the research on the aspect focuses on the related problems in the engineering, and the research on the aspect of theory is relatively slow. The physical model test can be used for carrying out test research on poor geological detection of the tunnel indoors, and the disaster source is preset at the front end of the tunnel face, so that the process of poor geological detection is deduced in the forward direction and the reverse direction, and further understanding of more mechanisms can be obtained.
The existing tunnel geological detection is mostly used for carrying out simulation experiments on a single geological structure, such as a water-containing structure, but the geological environment faced in actual tunnel engineering is more complex, often faces various disaster sources, and the existing tunnel geological detection model cannot meet the simulation of complex geology. In addition, in the existing tunnel geological detection model, seismic waves are simulated and generated in a blasting mode for geological detection, the effect is poor, and the test has risks.
The invention relates to a tunnel geological detection test device, which comprises a tunnel geological detection model 100, a pressure control system 400, a water source control system 200 and a central control system 300, wherein the tunnel geological detection model 100 comprises a tunnel model module, a tunnel surrounding rock module 120 and a disaster source module which are sequentially connected, the tunnel model module comprises a first surrounding rock 114 and a tunnel model 111 wrapped in the first surrounding rock 114, a seismic source module is arranged in the tunnel model 111, and the disaster source module comprises a second surrounding rock 131 and a disaster source model wrapped in the second surrounding rock 131; the pressure control system 400 is arranged around the tunnel geological exploration model 100, the pressure control system 400 comprises a pressure plate 410 and a pressure applying device 420, and the pressure applying device 420 applies pressure to the tunnel geological exploration model 100 through the pressure plate 410; the water source control system 200 comprises a water storage tank 210 and a water flow controller 230, wherein the water storage tank 210 is connected with a disaster source module through a water pipe; the central control system 300 is electrically connected to the pressure control system 400, and the central control system 300 is electrically connected to the water source control system 200. According to the invention, the disaster source body, the earthquake source, the tunnel surrounding rock and the like are modularized, different modules are selected according to different test types and assembled with the tunnel model module, and then the tunnel geological detection model 100 is connected with the pressure control system 400, the water source control system 200 and the central control system 300, so that forward modeling and inversion of tunnel engineering bad geological body detection can be completed, and tunnel engineering disaster source identification and positioning under complex geological conditions can be realized.
Further, the tunnel surrounding rock module 120, the first surrounding rock 114 and the second surrounding rock 131 are made of similar materials, and the similar materials are formed by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
12 parts of sand
Cement 1 part
1.5 Parts of water
Wherein the sand is standard sand, the cement is pozzolanic silicate cement, the cement is used as cementing agent, the compactness of the whole similar material is controlled to be more than 0.85, the wave speed of the similar material is 2500-3000 m/s, the thermal conductivity of the similar material is 2.2-2.5W/(m.K), the specific heat capacity is 0.7-0.8 kJ/(Kg.DEG C), and the thermal diffusivity is 1.0-1.5 mm 2/s. The similar materials can simulate the condition of tunnel surrounding rock in actual tunnel construction, and simultaneously meet the requirements of a seismic wave field, an infrared field, a wave speed required by detection and an infrared thermal coefficient. Specifically, the physical and mechanical parameters of the similar materials are density 1750Kg/m 3, cohesion 0.1MPa, internal friction angle 40 degrees, deformation modulus 1GPa, poisson's ratio 0.25, compressive strength 1.75MPa and tensile strength 0.1MPa.
Further, the pressure control system 400 includes a stress sensor 411, and in conjunction with fig. 8, the stress sensor 411 is attached to a side of the pressure plate 410, which contacts the tunnel geological exploration model 100, and it is understood that the stress sensor 411 is used to measure the pressure applied by the pressure plate 410 to the tunnel geological exploration model 100 in real time. The stress sensor 411 is electrically connected to the central control system 300, so as to feed back the measured real-time pressure data to the central control system 300 for recording.
Further, the pressure control system 400 includes a guide 430, the guide 430 being disposed corresponding to the pressure applying device 420, the guide 430 being for restricting a pressing direction of the pressure applying device 420. Referring to fig. 7, the guide 430 is provided as a guide rail for restricting the pressurizing direction of the pressure applying device 420. In this embodiment, the pressure applying device 420 is configured as a hydraulic jack, and the guide rail limits the pressing direction of the pressure control system 400 to the tunnel geological exploration model 100 by limiting the movement direction of the hydraulic jack. Specifically, the guide rail includes a steel plate provided with a guide groove that is engaged with the pressure applying device 420.
Referring to fig. 8, a plurality of criss-cross grooves are formed in a side of the pressure plate 410, which is close to the tunnel geological exploration model 100. It will be appreciated that the recess provided on the side of the pressure plate 410 proximate to the tunnel geological detection model 100 can increase the surface roughness thereof and further increase the friction force, and in addition, can absorb the transmitted stress wave and the reflected stress wave, reduce the interference of clutter on the test, and improve the reliability of the test device.
Further, the water source control system 200 includes a water temperature controller 220, the water temperature controller 220 is electrically connected with the central control system 300, and the water temperature controller 220 includes an electric heating device 221 for heating or insulating water in the water storage tank 210. It can be understood that the water source control system 200 controls and adjusts parameters such as water quantity, flow rate, temperature and the like of the water source through the water temperature controller 220 and the water flow controller 230, so as to simulate different disaster sources. Specifically, the water storage tank 210 is made of stainless steel, and the water source control system 200 and the disaster source module are respectively provided with a valve.
Further, the disaster source model comprises a fault structure 133, the fault structure 133 is 30cm long and extends to N45 DEG E, and the inclination angle NE is 60 deg. Specifically, in the simulation of the fault structure 133, an acryl straight plate with a certain thickness is inserted into the disaster source module at a preset angle and length during pouring, and the length, the inclination angle, the trend, the inclination and the like of the fault structure 133 can be adjusted according to different test requirements.
Further, the disaster source model comprises a karst cave structure 132, the volume of the karst cave structure 132 is 200mL, the water content is 160mL, and the distance between the karst cave structure 132 and the face of the tunnel model 111 is 45cm. It can be appreciated that in the actual tunnel engineering, the water-containing structure is often faced, and in the disaster source model, by adjusting factors such as the karst cave volume, the water content, the distance between the karst cave structure 132 and the tunnel face, and the like, and aided with the water source control system 200, different water-containing karst cave structures 132 can be simulated. Specifically, the karst cave structure 132 is fabricated by placing a sealed empty container of non-metallic material in a standard size mold, and adjusting the water content in the karst cave structure 132 by the water source control system 200.
Further, the source module includes micro vibrators 113, and the micro vibrators 113 are respectively mounted on the left and right side walls of the tunnel model 111 for exciting seismic waves. The micro vibrator 113 can simulate a cylindrical wave or a plane wave to provide different seismic source simulation, and the micro vibrator 113 adopts a wireless data terminal for signal and data transmission.
Specifically, the micro vibrator includes a housing 1131, two impact members 1132, a wave generator 1133, the housing 1131 including a first end, a second end, and a side wall; the impact member 1132 is a metal member, the impact member 1132 comprises an energized solenoid, and the two impact members 1132 are respectively installed at a first end and a second end; a wave generator 1133 is mounted on the sidewall, with the wave generator 1133 disposed between the two impact members 1132. The miniature vibrator has a simple structure, and two impact pieces 1132 collide with the wave generator 1133 to generate stress waves perpendicular to the direction of the shell 1131. The energized solenoid magnetizes the impact pieces 1132 into magnets, then the impact force of the two impact pieces 1132 can be controlled by adjusting the magnetism of the impact pieces 1132, and further the mechanical parameters such as amplitude, frequency, period and the like of stress waves are adjusted, so that the blasting process of the blasting site can be accurately simulated. The miniature vibrator not only can provide a stress wave source for a related model test device, but also can be used as a stress wave excitation device in engineering practice, thereby solving the defects of uncontrollable stress wave excited by explosive blasting, complex operation, high danger coefficient and the like.
It can be understood that the energized solenoid inside the striker 1132 generates a magnetic field, the metal striker 1132 is magnetized by the magnetic field of the energized solenoid, the magnetized striker 1132 becomes a magnet, and the movement direction of the two striker 1132 can be controlled by adjusting the magnetism of the striker 1132. In some embodiments, the magnetic properties of the striker 1132 near the first end are maintained at N, the magnetic properties of the striker 1132 near the second end are adjusted to S, and the two striker 1132 will move relative to each other while impacting the wave generator 1133 according to the principle of opposite attraction. The two sides of the wave generator 1133 receive the shock waves at the same time, the direction of the shock waves is perpendicular to the contact surface of the wave generator 1133 and the impact piece 1132, and the contact surface close to the first end and the contact surface close to the second end are mutually overlapped, so that the wave generator 1133 deforms under the action of the shock pressure, further impacts the shell 1131 of the miniature vibrator, and generates stress waves perpendicular to the direction of the shell 1131. After the end, the magnetism of the impact pieces 1132 close to the second end is adjusted to be N, and according to the principle that like poles repel each other, the two impact pieces 1132 are relatively far away and return to the first end and the second end, so that the resetting of the miniature vibrator is completed, and the next stress wave excitation is performed.
Further, the micro vibrator includes a buffer member mounted at a side of the housing 1131 contacting the impact member 1132. It can be appreciated that when the two impact members 1132 return in opposite directions, the contact buffer member can prevent the impact members 1132 from directly colliding with the housing 1131, thereby protecting the housing 1131 of the micro vibrator and prolonging the service life of the housing 1131 of the micro vibrator. Specifically, the buffer member may be in the form of a spring or an elastic washer to provide a buffer for the impact member 1132, or may be a cushion made of soft materials such as sponge, silica gel, latex, etc. to provide a buffer effect. In some embodiments, the cushioning member conforms to the shape of the first end or the second end to provide a better cushioning effect.
Further, opposite ends of the two impact members 1132 are provided with relief structures. In some embodiments, the end of the striking member 1132 that strikes is polished so that the two striking members 1132 do not collide with each other when the wave generator 1133 is simultaneously impacted, so as to avoid the striking members 1132 from causing loss during use, and simultaneously avoid the two striking members 1132 from directly striking against each other to affect the direction of the impact wave. Specifically, the avoidance structure smoothly transitions with the side wall of the impact member 1132 and forms an obtuse angle, so as to avoid damage when the impact member 1132 collides with the wave generator 1133.
Further, the wave generator 1133 and the housing 1131 are made of metal materials. It can be appreciated that the wave generator 1133 and the housing 1131, which are made of metal materials, have high rigidity and long service life, and better transmit stress waves generated by impact. Similarly, the strike 1132 is also made of a metal material to be more rapidly magnetized by the energized solenoid. The metal material can be easily magnetized stainless steel with high rigidity, or other metals or alloys with the magnetization and rigidity meeting the requirements.
It will be appreciated that as the current of the energized solenoid in the striker 1132 increases, the magnetic force provided by the solenoid increases, so that the kinetic energy obtained by the striker 1132 increases, the impact of the striking wave generator 1133 increases, which causes the amplitude of the stress wave generated by the wave generator 1133 to increase, and the amplitude of the stress wave generated by the wave generator 1133 can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the induced current of the energized solenoid. On the other hand, the materials of the striking member 1132 and the wave generator 1133 are kept consistent, so that the density ρ and the wave velocity V of the striking member 1132 and the wave velocity V are ensured to be consistent, and the wave impedance c=ρv is the same, so that the stress wave will not reflect when passing through the interface between the striking member 1132 and the wave generator. The right going unloading wave transmitted from the free end of the striker 1132 will pass the impact interface without reflection as if it were propagating in the same rod, and in the condition of (Co) 2= (Co) 1, the wavelength λ of the stress wave is twice the length L1 of the striker 1132, i.e. λ=2l1, i.e. stress pulses of different wavelength can be obtained by changing the striker 1132 length. Thus, the mechanical parameters that produce the stress wave can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetism of the energized solenoid within the striker 1132.
In some embodiments, the sidewall has a cylindrical surface and the wave generator 1133 is configured in a cylindrical configuration that conforms to the cylindrical surface. Referring to fig. 4, the impact member 1132 is provided with a conical structure, the bottom surface of the conical structure is parallel to the first end and the second end, and conical grooves attached to the conical structure are formed at two ends of the wave generator 1133.
Further, the distance between the first end and the wave generator 1133 is equal to the distance between the second end and the wave generator 1133. It can be appreciated that controlling the distance between the first end and the wave generator 1133 and the distance between the second end and the wave generator 1133 to be equal can keep the impact forces of the two impact members 1132 on the wave generator 1133 consistent, so that the components of the impact waves generated by the impact of the two impact members 1132 on the wave generator 1133 along the axial direction are correspondingly counteracted, and the impact forces in the radial direction are synthesized and transmitted to the cylindrical surface through the wave generator 1133, so as to generate cylindrical surface waves.
In other embodiments, the sidewall has four prismatic surfaces and the wave generator 1133 is configured as a quadrangular prism structure attached to the sidewall. Correspondingly, the striking member 1132 includes a triangular prism structure, two sides of the triangular prism structure are used for striking with the wave generator 1133 to generate a shock wave, and the other side of the triangular prism structure is disposed parallel to the first end and the second end. As can be understood from fig. 5, the wave generator 1133 is provided with a V-shaped cross-section groove correspondingly attached to the triangular prism structure, when the two impact members 1132 move in opposite directions to impact the wave generator 1133, the triangular prism structure impacts the wave generator 1133 to generate a shock wave perpendicular to the contact surface direction, and finally the wave generator 1133 is driven to squeeze the side walls corresponding to the two side surfaces of the triangular prism structure and excite plane waves perpendicular to the side walls.
Referring to FIG. 3, the source module further includes a three-component detector 112, the three-component detector 112 being mounted within the tunnel model 111 to record both longitudinal, transverse and converted waves by recording three components of the particle velocity vector. The three-component detector 112 has the diameter of 27mm, the height of 30mm, the weight of 70g, the sensitivity of 0.25+/-5% v/cm/s, the natural frequency of 100+/-5%, the damping coefficient of 0.5+/-5%, the working temperature of-40 to +70 ℃ and the harmonic distortion of less than or equal to 0.2%. Specifically, the micro vibrator 113 and the three-component detector 112 are arranged on the same horizontal line, and are disposed at intervals of 5cm from the bottom of the tunnel by 4 cm.
Specifically, the central control system 300 is composed of a computer, and has the main functions of sending various instructions to the pressure control system 400 and the water source control system 200, coordinating the operation of the systems, and recording and storing various signals and data received in the monitoring systems. It will be appreciated that the central control system 300 also collects and records data fed back by the three-component geophone 112 and the micro-vibrator 113 disposed on the tunnel model 111.
The invention also relates to a tunnel geological detection test method, which is carried out based on the test device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting a corresponding tunnel model module, a seismic source module, a disaster source body module and a tunnel surrounding rock module 120 according to the researched disaster source and influence factors, determining the size of surrounding pressure, and sequentially assembling the tunnel model module, the tunnel surrounding rock module 120 and the disaster source body module into a complete tunnel geological exploration model 100 according to the corresponding sizes;
various pipelines in the test device are connected, the central control system 300 is started, and whether the pressure control system 400 and the water source control system 200 can work normally or not is checked;
Setting a pressure value of the pressure control system 400 to enable the tunnel geological detection model 100 to be subjected to preset pressure;
Setting the amplitude, duration, time sequence of the seismic source in the central control system 300, activating the seismic source module, and receiving and recording the relevant data in the central control system 300;
the central notification system processes the acquired data to obtain results such as time profiles, depth deviation profiles, reflecting layer extraction, medium physical parameters and the like of P waves, SH waves and SV waves.
Further, before assembling the tunnel geological exploration model 100, each module is manufactured in sequence, including:
Manufacturing a tunnel model module: pouring a tunnel model 111 through a gypsum mold, placing the solidified tunnel model 111 with gypsum texture with certain mechanical strength into a standard size mold for pouring the tunnel model module, pouring the tunnel model module by using similar materials, and vibrating; after curing for 14 days, the gypsum tunnel model 111 existing in the tunnel model module is excavated;
manufacturing of the tunnel surrounding rock module 120: pouring similar materials into a standard-size mold, vibrating and curing for 14 days;
And (3) manufacturing a disaster source module: when similar materials are poured in a standard-size mold, a sealed empty container of nonmetallic materials is placed in the mold to simulate a karst cave structure 132, and an acrylic straight plate with a certain thickness is inserted into the mold to simulate a fault structure 133 at a preset angle and length.
Further, when the tunnel geological exploration model 100 is assembled, vaseline is smeared on the contact interface of each module, so that the adjacent modules are coupled more tightly.
Further, interpretation of the outcome follows the criteria:
The positive reflection amplitude indicates a hard formation and the negative reflection amplitude indicates a soft formation;
if the S wave reflection is stronger than the P wave reflection, the rock stratum is saturated with water;
Vp/Vs or poisson's ratio increases, often due to the presence of fluid.
In the description of the present specification, if a description appears that makes reference to the term "one embodiment," "some examples," "some embodiments," "an exemplary embodiment," "an example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., it is intended that the particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example be included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "and" if used in the singular are intended to mean "and" as opposed to "or". For example, the patent name "a A, B" describes that what is claimed in the present invention is: a technical scheme with a subject name A and a technical scheme with a subject name B.
Claims (9)
1. Tunnel geology surveys test device, its characterized in that includes:
The tunnel geological detection model (100), the tunnel geological detection model (100) comprises a tunnel model module, a tunnel surrounding rock module (120) and a disaster source module which are sequentially connected, the tunnel model module comprises a first surrounding rock (114) and a tunnel model (111) wrapped in the first surrounding rock (114), a seismic source module is installed in the tunnel model (111), and the disaster source module comprises a second surrounding rock (131) and a disaster source module wrapped in the second surrounding rock (131); the vibration source module comprises a miniature vibrator (113) and a three-component detector (112), the miniature vibrator (113) and the three-component detector (112) are respectively arranged in the tunnel model (111), the miniature vibrator (113) comprises a shell (1131), a wave generator (1133) and two impact pieces (1132) are arranged in the shell (1131), the impact pieces (1132) comprise an electrified solenoid, the two impact pieces (1132) collide with the wave generator (1133) to generate stress waves perpendicular to the direction of the shell (1131), the electrified solenoid magnetizes the impact pieces (1132) into magnets, the impact force of the two impact pieces (1132) can be controlled by adjusting the magnetism of the impact pieces (1132), and then the wave amplitude, the frequency and the period mechanical parameters of the stress waves are adjusted, and the stress waves of the impact pieces (1132) impacting the wave generator (1133) are propagated to the model (111) through the shell (1131);
-a pressure control system (400), the pressure control system (400) being arranged around the tunnel geological detection model (100), the pressure control system (400) comprising a pressure plate (410) and a pressure applying device (420), the pressure applying device (420) applying pressure to the tunnel geological detection model (100) through the pressure plate (410);
the water source control system (200), the water source control system (200) comprises a water storage tank (210) and a water flow controller (230), and the water storage tank (210) is connected with the disaster source module through a water pipe;
And the central control system (300) is electrically connected with the pressure control system (400), and the central control system (300) is electrically connected with the water source control system (200).
2. The tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the tunnel surrounding rock module (120), the first surrounding rock (114) and the second surrounding rock (131) are made of similar materials, and the similar materials are formed by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
12 parts of sand
Cement 1 part
1.5 Parts of water
The sand is standard sand, the cement is pozzolanic silicate cement and is used as cementing agent, the compactness of the whole similar material is controlled to be more than 0.85, the wave speed of the similar material is 2500-3000 m/s, the thermal conductivity of the similar material is 2.2-2.5W/(m.K), the specific heat capacity is 0.7-0.8 kJ/(Kg.DEG C), and the thermal diffusivity is 1.0-1.5 mm 2/s.
3. The tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure control system (400) comprises a stress sensor (411), wherein the stress sensor (411) is attached to one side of the pressure plate (410) contacted with the tunnel geological detection model (100), and the stress sensor (411) is used for measuring the pressure applied by the pressure plate (410) to the tunnel geological detection model (100) in real time.
4. A tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the pressure control system (400) comprises a guiding device (430), wherein the guiding device (430) is arranged corresponding to the pressure applying device (420), and the guiding device (430) is used for limiting the pressing direction of the pressure applying device (420).
5. A tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: and a plurality of criss-cross grooves are formed in one side, close to the tunnel geological detection model (100), of the pressure plate (410).
6. The tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the water source control system (200) comprises a water temperature controller (220), wherein the water temperature controller (220) is electrically connected with the central control system (300), and the water temperature controller (220) is used for heating or preserving heat of water in the water storage tank (210).
7. The tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the disaster source body model comprises a fault structure (133), wherein the fault structure (133) is 30cm long, extends to N45 DEG E, and has a tendency NE and an inclination angle of 60 deg.
8. The tunnel geological exploration testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the disaster source model comprises a karst cave structure (132), the volume of the karst cave structure (132) is 200mL, the water content is 160mL, and the distance between the karst cave structure (132) and the tunnel face of the tunnel model (111) is 45cm.
9. Tunnel geological exploration test method, carried out on the basis of a test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
Selecting a corresponding tunnel model module, a seismic source module, a disaster source module and a tunnel surrounding rock module (120) according to the researched disaster source and influence factors, determining the size of surrounding pressure, and sequentially assembling the tunnel model module, the tunnel surrounding rock module (120) and the disaster source module into a complete tunnel geological exploration model (100) according to the corresponding sizes;
Various pipelines in the test device are connected, a central control system (300) is started, and whether the pressure control system (400) and the water source control system (200) can work normally or not is checked;
setting a pressure value of a pressure control system (400) to enable the tunnel geological detection model (100) to be subjected to preset pressure;
Setting the amplitude, duration, time sequence of the seismic source in the central control system (300), activating the seismic source module, and receiving and recording the relevant data in the central control system (300);
The central notification system processes the acquired data to obtain the time profile, depth offset profile, reflective layer extraction and medium physical parameters of the P wave, SH wave and SV wave.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211046647.9A CN115469355B (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Tunnel geological detection test device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211046647.9A CN115469355B (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Tunnel geological detection test device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115469355A CN115469355A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
| CN115469355B true CN115469355B (en) | 2024-09-24 |
Family
ID=84370546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211046647.9A Active CN115469355B (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | Tunnel geological detection test device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115469355B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015103720A1 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2015-07-16 | 山东大学 | Tunnel construction large-scale comprehensive geophysics advance detection model test apparatus |
| CN114563278A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 中山大学 | Novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and test method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210487998U (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2020-05-08 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Seismic source device for acoustic hole measurement |
| CN111380760A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-07 | 山东省交通规划设计院有限公司 | Tunnel blasting excavation model test system and method |
| CN112362479B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-02 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Experimental system and method for simulating influence of fracture stick-slip dislocation on tunnel engineering |
-
2022
- 2022-08-30 CN CN202211046647.9A patent/CN115469355B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015103720A1 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2015-07-16 | 山东大学 | Tunnel construction large-scale comprehensive geophysics advance detection model test apparatus |
| CN114563278A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 中山大学 | Novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and test method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115469355A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ghosh et al. | An efficient tool for measuring shear wave velocity in the centrifuge | |
| Stokoe et al. | Seismic-wave-based testing in geotechnical engineering | |
| Schubnel et al. | Quantifying damage, saturation and anisotropy in cracked rocks by inverting elastic wave velocities | |
| Clayton | Stiffness at small strain: research and practice | |
| AnhDan et al. | Comparison of Young's moduli of dense sand and gravel measured by dynamic and static methods | |
| CN110363963A (en) | A kind of rain-induced landslide early warning system based on Elastic Wave Velocity | |
| CN102759491B (en) | Rockfill compaction density measurement method and device | |
| CN106154333B (en) | Four component VSP measurement-while-drilling systems of one kind and method | |
| US2740489A (en) | Shear wave seismic exploration | |
| CN115469355B (en) | Tunnel geological detection test device and method | |
| Yuan et al. | A new apparatus for testing shear-slip properties of rock joint subjected to dynamic disturbance | |
| Liu et al. | An air-powered impulsive shear-wave source with repeatable signals | |
| CN108592720B (en) | Vibration damping hole arrangement method for reducing ground blasting vibration | |
| Buys et al. | Rock bolt condition monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves | |
| Modoni et al. | Evaluation of gravel stiffness by pulse wave transmission tests | |
| WO2010048906A2 (en) | Device for generating rotational seismic waves, rotational seismic sensor system and seismic measuring set | |
| Sagong et al. | Cross-hole seismic technique for assessing in situ rock mass conditions around a tunnel | |
| US2740488A (en) | Seismic shear wave generator | |
| Pu et al. | Study on Long‐Term Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Degradation Law of Sandstone under Freeze‐Thaw Cycle | |
| CN111042215A (en) | Existing building foundation pile quality detection method and device | |
| Changwei et al. | Slope earthquake stability | |
| Park et al. | Recent development of borehole seismic tests | |
| Yu et al. | Theoretical basis and numerical simulation of impedance log test for evaluating the integrity of columns and piles | |
| Bicakci et al. | Discontinuity detection system in marble: Analysis of the time-frequency characteristics of ultrasonic p-waves | |
| Ji et al. | A Nonexplosive Method for Simulating Stress Waves of Large‐Scale Underground Explosions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |