CN115420774A - Method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil - Google Patents
Method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115420774A CN115420774A CN202211092023.0A CN202211092023A CN115420774A CN 115420774 A CN115420774 A CN 115420774A CN 202211092023 A CN202211092023 A CN 202211092023A CN 115420774 A CN115420774 A CN 115420774A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWROUVVQGRRRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N F.O[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound F.O[N+]([O-])=O XWROUVVQGRRRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003802 soil pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil, which is characterized in that when in on-site monitoring, a soil body conductivity value measured by a conductivity instrument is divided by a water content value, the ratio is compared with slope values under different pollution conditions in a pollution degree judging table, and an interval where the ratio is located is found, so that the soil body pollution degree can be simply, conveniently and rapidly determined. When the conductivity method is applied to field monitoring, firstly, a heavy metal pollution source is determined according to local actual conditions, the conductivity of the soil body is corrected to obtain the ratio of the conductivity to the water content of the soil body, and the ratio is compared with a pollution degree judgment table to realize the prejudgment of the heavy metal pollution degree of the soil body. And (4) carrying out real-time online tracking determination on the content of the target object. The in-situ monitoring can realize rapid, nondestructive and large-area pollutant monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil, in particular to a method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil.
Background
The main monitoring items of soil pollution are monitoring heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury and chromium harmful to soil and crops, nonmetal and compounds thereof such as arsenic, cyanide, fluoride, sulfide, residual organic pesticides and the like.
Conventional chemical analysis methods are based on specific chemical reactions. The method is simple and convenient to operate, rapid, low in cost, poor in selectivity, complex in sample pretreatment and low in sensitivity, and is only suitable for analyzing the constant components in the sample.
The main monitoring project of soil pollution is the monitoring of heavy metals harmful to soil and crops, and the cadmium ions in digestion solution are measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer after the soil is digested by hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid, which is disclosed in the determination technology discussion of soil pollutants (environmental monitoring center of autonomous county of Mongolia of Dulbert, heilongjiang Domon). However, this method for determining the contamination requires many times of tests and has low sensitivity. The monitoring method has the defects of incapability of monitoring in real time, narrow monitoring area range and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil. And the rapid, nondestructive and large-area pollutant monitoring is realized.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for quickly measuring the pollutants in soil features that when the pollutants are detected on site, the conductivity of soil measured by conductivity instrument is divided by the water content, the ratio is compared with the slope values under different pollution conditions in the pollution degree judging table, and the region where the ratio is located is found.
The method comprises the following specific steps: s1, preparing soil samples with different metal ions and different pollution degrees, and measuring conductivity values by adopting ERT measuring electrodes respectively;
s2, correcting the measured conductivity value by subtracting the initial conductivity value of the conductivity value, wherein the initial conductivity value is 100-150ms/m, and dividing the result by the water content to obtain a slope value, namely a heavy metal ion pollution degree result curve;
s3, the result curve shows that when the water content is low, the conductivity difference of soil bodies among different pollution levels is small, and the distinguishing effect is poor; when the water content is increased until the water content is saturated, the conductivity difference value of soil bodies among different pollution levels is increased and obviously different, and the discrimination effect is superior to that of the case of low water content;
and S4, comparing the slope value with a discrimination table to obtain a pollution degree table with different depths.
Furthermore, a plurality of ERT measuring electrodes are distributed at equal intervals of 0.25m along the central line of the test area, and the initial apparent resistance distribution of the test area is scanned after starting.
Further, the ERT monitors the soil apparent resistivity change during the infiltration of strong electrolyte solution for soil preferential flow identification.
In the above technical scheme, the strong electrolyte solution is a NaCl solution.
In the technical scheme, distilled water is used for leaching chloride ions in soil, potassium chromate is used as an indicator in a neutral to weak alkaline range, silver nitrate standard titration solution is used for titrating the chloride ions in the leaching solution, and the content of the chloride ions in the soil is obtained according to the amount of the consumed silver nitrate standard solution.
In the test box, holes are formed at positions 15cm, 30cm, 45cm and 60cm away from the top end along the four surfaces from bottom to top in sequence, probes are placed in sequence, and one probe is also arranged at the top end after soil filling is completed, so that the total number of five probes is counted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: when the conductivity method is applied to field monitoring, firstly, a heavy metal pollution source is determined according to local actual conditions, the conductivity of the soil body is corrected to obtain the ratio of the conductivity to the water content of the soil body, and the ratio is compared with a pollution degree judgment table to realize the prejudgment of the heavy metal pollution degree of the soil body. And (4) carrying out real-time online tracking determination on the content of the target object. The in-situ monitoring can realize rapid, nondestructive and large-area pollutant monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the degree of contamination with heavy metal ions according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of resistivity versus chloride ion concentration for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in the method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil of the present invention, during on-site monitoring, a conductivity value of a soil body measured by a conductivity instrument is divided by a water content value, and the ratio is compared with a slope value under different pollution conditions in a pollution degree determination table to find an interval where the ratio is located, so that the pollution degree of the soil body can be determined simply and rapidly;
s1, preparing soil samples with different metal ions and different pollution degrees, and measuring conductivity values by adopting ERT measuring electrodes respectively;
s2, correcting the measured conductivity value by subtracting the initial conductivity value of the conductivity value, wherein the initial conductivity value is 100-150ms/m, and dividing the result by the water content to obtain a slope value, namely a heavy metal ion pollution degree result curve;
s3, as can be seen from the result graph 1, when the water content is low, the conductivity difference value of soil bodies among different pollution levels is small, and the distinguishing effect is poor; when the water content is increased until the water content is saturated, the conductivity difference value of soil bodies among different pollution levels is increased and obviously different, and the judgment effect is superior to that of the case of low water content;
and S4, comparing the slope value with a discrimination table to obtain the pollution degrees of different depths as shown in the table I.
In S1, a plurality of ERT measuring electrodes are distributed at equal intervals of 0.25m along the central line of a test area, and the initial apparent resistance distribution of the test area is scanned after starting. So as to effectively and accurately capture the distribution characteristics and the evolution process of the soil preferential flow under the large-scale condition of the farmland.
In the test box, holes are formed at positions 15cm, 30cm, 45cm and 60cm away from the top end along the four surfaces from bottom to top in sequence, probes are placed in sequence, and one probe is also arranged at the top end after soil filling is completed, so that the total number of five probes is counted.
For soil bodies with depths of 0cm, 15cm, 30cm, 45cm and 60cm respectively, the conductivity of different porosities is found to increase along with the increase of the porosity, the change rate of the conductivity is also increased, and the time intervals of reaching various depths are also increased.
For soil bodies with different porosities, the time for the pollutants to reach each probe when the pollutants seep upwards is shortened along with the increase of the porosity, and the permeation rate is considered to be increased along with the increase of the porosity.
Leaching chloride ions in soil with distilled water, then in neutral to slightly alkaline range (pH = 6.5E @)
10.5 Taking potassium chromate as an indicator, and titrating chloride ions in the leaching solution by using a silver nitrate standard titration solution. And (4) calculating the content of the chloride ions in the soil according to the amount of the consumed silver nitrate standard solution.
As shown in fig. 2, when the chloride ion concentration is small, the resistivity rapidly changes with the change in the ion concentration; when the ion concentration is sufficiently large, the resistivity gradually approaches a constant value.
Thus, ERT monitoring soil apparent resistivity changes during infiltration with strong electrolyte solutions (such as NaCl solutions) is effective for soil preferential flow (location and process) identification. NaCl acts as a strong electrolyte, the distribution of which can significantly alter the soil resistivity and conductivity distribution, and thus is easily monitored and captured by ERT) into the test area.
When the conductivity method is used for field monitoring, the initial conductivity value of the soil body is higher, so that the conductivity of the soil body needs to be corrected when a discrimination curve is established, namely the initial conductivity value is subtracted, a division curve is established, and reference values of different pollution degrees are obtained. The conductivity value measured on site is divided by the water content value to obtain the slope value, and then the slope value is compared with a discrimination table, so that the pollution degree of the soil body can be preliminarily judged.
The invention carries out real-time on-line tracking and measuring on the content of the target object. The in-situ monitoring can realize high timeliness, simultaneously realizes large-area, continuous and high-density data acquisition, avoids a series of complicated links of sampling and soil sample pretreatment, cannot damage components of an object to be detected, ensures that the surrounding environment is not disturbed, and can realize quick, non-destructive and large-area pollutant monitoring.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: during field monitoring, the soil conductivity measured by a conductivity instrument is divided by the water content value, the ratio is compared with the slope values under different pollution conditions in the pollution degree judging table, and the interval where the ratio is located is found, so that the soil pollution degree can be judged simply, conveniently and quickly.
2. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 1, wherein: s1, preparing soil samples with different metal ions and different pollution degrees, and measuring conductivity values by adopting ERT measuring electrodes respectively;
s2, correcting the measured conductivity value by subtracting the initial conductivity value of the conductivity value, wherein the initial conductivity value is 100-150ms/m, and dividing the result by the water content to obtain a slope value, namely a heavy metal ion pollution degree result curve;
s3, the result curve shows that when the water content is low, the conductivity difference of soil bodies among different pollution levels is small, and the distinguishing effect is poor; when the water content is increased until the water content is saturated, the conductivity difference value of soil bodies among different pollution levels is increased and obviously different, and the judgment effect is superior to that of the case of low water content;
and S4, comparing the slope value with a discrimination table to obtain a pollution degree table with different depths.
3. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, a plurality of ERT measuring electrodes are distributed at equal intervals of 0.25m along the central line of a test area, and the initial apparent resistance distribution of the test area is scanned after starting.
4. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 1, wherein: the ERT monitors the apparent resistivity change of the soil during the infiltration of the strong electrolyte solution for soil preferential flow identification.
5. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 4, wherein: the strong electrolyte solution adopts NaCl solution.
6. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 4, wherein: using distilled water to leach chloride ions in soil, then using potassium chromate as an indicator in a neutral to weak alkaline range, using silver nitrate standard titration solution to titrate the chloride ions in the leaching solution, and obtaining the content of the chloride ions in the soil according to the amount of the consumed silver nitrate standard solution.
7. The method for rapid determination of contaminants in soil according to claim 1, wherein: in the test box, holes are formed at positions 15cm, 30cm, 45cm and 60cm away from the top end along the four surfaces from bottom to top in sequence, probes are placed in sequence, and one probe is also arranged at the top end after soil filling is completed, so that the total number of five probes is counted.
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| CN202211092023.0A CN115420774A (en) | 2022-09-08 | 2022-09-08 | Method for rapidly determining pollutants in soil |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117686544A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-03-12 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-probe nuclear magnetic resonance and conductivity combined in-situ underground monitoring system and method |
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| CN117686544B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-04-30 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-probe nuclear magnetic resonance and conductivity combined in-situ underground monitoring system and method |
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