CN115407440B - Laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker imaging optical system - Google Patents
Laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker imaging optical system Download PDFInfo
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- G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imaging optical system of a laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker, which consists of a mirror body and long-wave infrared and laser detectors distributed on two sides of the mirror body, wherein the mirror body and two detectors are arranged along an optical axis; on the light splitting side of the mirror body, a circular refracting mirror surface, a circular secondary reflecting mirror surface and a circular light splitting surface are sequentially distributed from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; on the light-emitting side of the lens body, a circular primary reflecting mirror surface, a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface and a circular refracting mirror surface are distributed in sequence from the edge of the lens body to the optical axis. The folding light path design of the lens body in the integral structure can lead the optical structure to be compact, and the ratio of the axial dimension of the system to the focal length of the system can reach 0.35-0.5. The invention corrects aberration in the wave band of 7.7-9.5 μm of the long wave infrared by optimizing the high order aspheric surface type in each annular transmission or reflection surface, thereby realizing high quality imaging; good focusing is achieved at the laser 1.064 μm wavelength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to an imaging optical system of a laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker.
Background
Currently, the warfare under informatization conditions, precision guided weapons, become an important means of performing destructive strikes. The precision of striking guided weapons is primarily dependent on the guidance technique of the seeker. As the level of challenge encountered during an attack of an accurately guided weapon increases, the means of challenge becomes more complex, and it has become difficult for a single guidance mode to meet the need for accurate guidance in a complex and diverse modern battlefield environment. The laser and infrared dual-mode composite guidance is considered as the technology with the most development prospect, and can realize photoelectric complementation, thereby overcoming the respective defects and comprehensively utilizing the advantages of the laser and the infrared dual-mode composite guidance. The infrared imaging system is mainly used for detecting scenes, eliminating the interference of various light and heavy baits and identifying targets to be intercepted. The laser radar emits a laser beam to illuminate a selected target, and the reflected laser beam is focused on a detector to extract various information such as spectral amplitude, phase, and the like. The targets provided by the two sensors can be accurately identified through information fusion processing by using various information of the targets.
An article entitled "design of infrared/laser common aperture dual mode seeker optical system" (Yan Xiaochen, paradox. Infrared and laser engineering [ J ]. 2015,44 (2): 428-431.) proposes an optical system that integrates an infrared sensor and a lidar imaging sensor with the same receiving aperture. The system adopts a card type optical system structure, a dichroic beam splitting flat plate is added behind a secondary mirror to serve as a color separation surface, a transmission part is in an infrared band, and the transmission part is focused on a medium wave refrigeration infrared detector after passing through four refraction lenses, so that 100% cold light stop efficiency is realized; the reflection part is a laser wave band, and then the laser wave band passes through three refraction lenses and is focused on a laser detector. Although the system realizes dual-mode common-aperture imaging of infrared and laser, the system has a complex structure, comprises two reflecting mirrors, seven refracting lenses and a spectroscope, and has large size and weight.
An article entitled "optical system of infrared/laser dual-mode seeker" (Zuo Baojun, kuang Yaowu. Infrared and laser engineering [ J ]. 2009,38 (3): 495-499.) has designed a common aperture infrared imaging/laser radar dual-mode seeker optical system, which adopts a catadioptric optical system, and an infrared lens group is added between the secondary lens and the image plane of the Cassegrain system to correct aberration, so that the system satisfies good imaging performance in the infrared band, the total length of the infrared system is 102mm, and the ratio of the total length to the focal length is 0.73. For the laser receiving system, a layer of color separation film is coated on the surface of the secondary mirror to transmit laser wavelength, and a laser receiving lens group is formed by the secondary mirror and other lenses, so that laser energy is converged on the detector. Although the system has a dichroic film coated on the surface of the secondary mirror, the number of optical elements is reduced to a certain extent, but the system cannot be miniaturized by combining a card-type reflecting system with a plurality of refractive lenses.
The invention discloses a technical scheme of a common aperture composite imaging optical system of visible light and long wave infrared, which is disclosed in a Chinese patent application with the bulletin number of CN201920536637 and comprises the following steps: the fairing, the infrared composite lens group and the prism group are sequentially arranged along the light path; an opening is formed in the center of an infrared lens on one side, close to the fairing, of the infrared composite lens group; the prism group is arranged at the opening and is used for guiding visible light entering from the opening to the outside of the infrared compound lens group. Although the system adopts the prism to guide the visible light to the outside of the optical path of the infrared compound lens group, the system comprises the prism and a plurality of refracting lenses, and the optical path system has a complex structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an imaging optical system of a laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker, which can realize dual-mode imaging of laser and long-wave infrared by using a single optical element, and has a compact structure and is easy to process and manufacture.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
The imaging optical system of the laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker comprises a lens body 1, a long-wave infrared detector and a laser detector which are arranged along an optical axis, wherein the long-wave infrared detector 2 and the laser detector 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the lens body 1; on the light splitting side of the mirror body, a circular refracting mirror surface 4, a circular secondary reflecting mirror surface and a circular light splitting surface are distributed in sequence from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; on the refraction light-emitting side of the mirror body, a circular primary reflecting mirror surface, a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface and a circular refraction mirror surface are distributed in sequence from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; the optical system comprises a circular refracting mirror surface, a circular primary reflecting mirror surface, a circular secondary reflecting mirror surface, a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface, a circular light splitting surface and a circular refracting mirror surface, wherein the circular refracting mirror surface is of a high-order aspheric surface, the top points of the high-order aspheric surfaces are all positioned on the optical axis of the imaging system, when an incident light beam enters the mirror body through the refraction of the circular refracting mirror surface, the incident light beam is reflected for the first time at the circular primary reflecting mirror surface, reflected for the second time at the circular secondary reflecting mirror surface, reflected for the third time at the circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface, split light is carried out on the circular light splitting surface, long-wave infrared wave band is transmitted, focused on the long-wave infrared detector, and laser wave band is reflected and exits from the circular refracting mirror surface to be focused on the laser detector.
The ratio of the axial dimension of the lens body to the focal length of the system is in the range of 0.35-0.5.
The high-order aspheric equation of the annular refraction mirror surface, the annular primary reflection mirror surface, the annular secondary reflection mirror surface, the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface, the circular light splitting surface and the circular refraction mirror surface in the mirror body is as follows:
Wherein z is the surface sagittal height, C is the basic curvature at the vertex, k is the conic constant, r is the radial coordinates of the point on the aspheric surface, and a, B, C, D, … are all aspheric coefficients.
The imaging wave band of the system is a long-wave infrared wave band of 7.7-9.5 mu m and the laser wavelength of 1.064 mu m.
The invention refracts the incident light beam into the mirror body through the annular refracting mirror surface, reflects the incident light beam for the first time at the annular primary reflecting mirror surface, reflects the incident light beam for the second time at the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface, reflects the incident light beam for the third time at the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface, splits the light beam at the circular splitting surface, transmits the light beam in a long-wave infrared band, focuses the light beam to the long-wave infrared detector, reflects the laser band and emits the light beam from the circular refracting mirror surface, and focuses the light beam to the laser detector. The folded light path design of the lens body in the integral structure can lead the optical structure to be compact, and the ratio of the axial dimension of the system to the focal length of the system can reach 0.35-0.5. The invention corrects aberration in the wave band of 7.7-9.5 μm of the long wave infrared by optimizing the high order aspheric surface type in each annular transmission or reflection surface, thereby realizing high quality imaging; good focusing is realized at the wavelength of 1.064 mu m of laser, the structure is compact, and the imaging quality is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an imaging optical path of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the modulation transfer function of the present invention in the long-wave infrared range of 7.7 μm to 9.5. Mu.m.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the present invention at a laser wavelength of 1.064 μm.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the invention comprises a mirror body 1, a long-wave infrared detector 2 and a laser detector 3 which are arranged along an optical axis, wherein the long-wave infrared detector 2 and the laser detector 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the mirror body 1; as shown in fig. 2, on the light splitting side of the mirror body 1, a circular refractive mirror surface 4, a circular secondary reflecting mirror surface 6 and a circular light splitting surface 8 are distributed in sequence from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; on the refraction light-emitting side of the mirror body 1, a circular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7 and a circular refraction mirror surface 9 are distributed in sequence from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; the annular refraction mirror surface 4, the annular primary reflection mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflection mirror surface 6, the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface 7, the annular light splitting surface 8 and the annular refraction mirror surface 9 are all high-order aspheric surfaces, and the vertexes of the high-order aspheric surfaces are all positioned on the optical axis of the imaging system. The equation of the higher order aspheric surface is
Wherein z is the surface sagittal height, C is the basic curvature at the vertex, k is the conic constant, r is the radial coordinates of the point on the aspheric surface, and a, B, C, D, … are all aspheric coefficients. The imaging wave band of the invention is 7.7-9.5 μm of long wave infrared wave band and 1.064 μm of laser wave length.
In practical use, an incident light beam is refracted through the annular refraction mirror surface 4, enters the mirror body 1, is reflected for the first time at the annular primary reflection mirror surface 5, is reflected for the second time at the annular secondary reflection mirror surface 6, is reflected for the third time at the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface 7, and is split at the circular light splitting surface 8, wherein a long-wave infrared band is transmitted and focused on the long-wave infrared detector 2, and a laser band is reflected and emitted from the circular refraction mirror surface 9 and focused on the laser detector 3.
The ratio of the axial dimension of the lens body 1 to the focal length of the system is in the range of 0.35-0.5.
The structural schematic diagram of the imaging optical system of the laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker is shown in fig. 1, and the imaging optical system comprises a mirror body 1, a long-wave infrared detector 2 and a laser detector 3. The long wave infrared detector 2 and the laser detector 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the mirror body 1 and are arranged along the optical axis. The distance from the long wave infrared detector 2 to the mirror 1 and the distance from the mirror 1 to the laser detector 3 adopts air as a medium for light propagation.
In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of an optical path structure of an imaging optical system of a laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker is shown in fig. 2, and a circular refractive mirror surface 4, a circular secondary reflection mirror surface 6 and a circular light splitting surface 8 are sequentially distributed from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis on one light splitting side of the mirror body 1; on the refraction light-emitting side of the mirror body 1, a circular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7 and a circular refraction mirror surface 9 are distributed in sequence from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; the annular refraction mirror surface 4, the annular primary reflection mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflection mirror surface 6, the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface 7, the annular light splitting surface 8 and the annular refraction mirror surface 9 are all high-order aspheric surfaces, and the vertexes of all the high-order aspheric surfaces are all positioned on the optical axis of the imaging system.
The incident light beam is refracted into the lens body 1 through the annular refraction mirror surface 4, and the diaphragm is positioned at the annular refraction mirror surface 4. The long-wave infrared band imaging light beam is reflected three times through the annular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface 6 and the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7, is refracted and emitted through the circular light splitting surface 8, and is focused on the long-wave infrared detector 2. The laser band imaging light beam is reflected four times by the annular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface 6, the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7 and the circular light splitting surface 8, is refracted and emitted by the circular refracting mirror surface 9, and is focused on the laser detector 3.
The focal length of the long-wave infrared imaging system is 70mm, the full view field is 8 degrees, the F number is 1.3, the imaging wave band is 7.7-9.5 mu m, the axial dimension of the system is 27.6mm, and the ratio of the axial dimension of the system to the focal length of the system is 0.39.
The modulation transfer function curves of the design example are shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen that the modulation transfer function curves at each view field in the figure tend to be diffraction limited, and the modulation transfer function value at the nyquist frequency of 41.7 cycles/mm is greater than 0.13. By optimizing the aspheric surface type parameters of the annular refracting mirror surface 4, the annular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface 6, the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7 and the circular light splitting surface 8, monochromatic aberration and chromatic aberration of a long-wave infrared band are effectively corrected, and high-quality imaging is realized.
The modulation transfer function values of the design examples at different fields of view of the long-wave infrared band are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The focal length of the laser band imaging system is 57mm, the full view field is 10 degrees, the F number is 1.05, the imaging band is 1.064 mu m, the axial dimension of the system is 27.6mm, and the ratio of the axial dimension of the system to the focal length of the system is 0.48.
A laser band spot diagram of this design example is shown in fig. 4. By optimizing the aspheric surface type parameters of the annular refracting mirror surface 4, the annular primary reflecting mirror surface 5, the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface 6, the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface 7, the circular light splitting surface 8 and the circular refracting mirror surface 9, the root mean square size of the diffuse speckles of each view field is effectively reduced.
The root mean square values of the speckle at different fields of view of the laser band are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The technical effects of the present invention are as follows.
The incident light beam of the laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker imaging optical system is refracted through the annular refraction mirror surface 4, enters the mirror body 1, is reflected for the first time at the annular primary reflection mirror surface 5, is reflected for the second time at the annular secondary reflection mirror surface 6, is reflected for the third time at the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface 7, is split at the circular light splitting surface 8, is transmitted in a long-wave infrared band, is focused on the long-wave infrared detector 2, and is reflected in a laser band, emitted from the circular refraction mirror surface 9 and is focused on the laser detector 3. The folded light path design of the lens body 1 can lead the optical structure to be compact, and the ratio of the axial dimension of the system to the focal length of the system can reach 0.35-0.5.
In a specific embodiment, high-quality imaging is realized by optimizing the higher aspheric surface type in each annular transmission or reflection surface and correcting aberration in the wave band of 7.7-9.5 mu m of long-wave infrared; good focusing is achieved at the laser 1.064 μm wavelength.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the azimuth words such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., the azimuth and positional relationships are based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not to be construed as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention that the device or element referred to must have a specific azimuth configuration and operation.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," along with any variations thereof, in the description and claims of the present application are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and uses technical principles. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the present invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that many other and equally effective embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope thereof is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. Laser and ultra-thin seeker imaging optical system in long wave infrared bimodulus annular aperture, its characterized in that: the device comprises a lens body (1), a long-wave infrared detector (2) and a laser detector (3) which are arranged along an optical axis, wherein the long-wave infrared detector (2) and the laser detector (3) are respectively positioned at two sides of the lens body (1); on the light splitting side of the mirror body (1), a circular refracting mirror surface (4), a circular secondary reflecting mirror surface (6) and a circular light splitting surface (8) are sequentially distributed from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis; a circular primary reflecting mirror surface (5), a circular tertiary reflecting mirror surface (7) and a circular refracting mirror surface (9) are sequentially distributed from the edge of the mirror body to the optical axis at the light refracting and emitting side of the mirror body (1); the optical imaging system is characterized in that the surface types of the annular refraction mirror surface (4), the annular primary reflection mirror surface (5), the annular secondary reflection mirror surface (6), the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface (7), the circular light splitting surface (8) and the circular refraction mirror surface (9) are high-order aspheric surfaces, the vertexes of the high-order aspheric surfaces are all positioned on the optical axis of the imaging system, when an incident light beam enters the mirror body (1) through the refraction of the annular refraction mirror surface (4), the incident light beam is reflected for the first time at the annular primary reflection mirror surface (5), reflected for the second time at the annular secondary reflection mirror surface (6), reflected for the third time at the annular tertiary reflection mirror surface (7), split light at the circular light splitting surface (8), and the long-wave infrared detector (2) is focused in transmission of a long-wave band, and the laser wave band is reflected and exits from the circular refraction mirror surface (9) to the laser detector (3).
2. The imaging optical system of the laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the axial dimension of the mirror body (1) to the focal length of the system is in the range of 0.35-0.5.
3. The laser and long-wave infrared dual-mode annular aperture ultrathin seeker imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the high-order aspheric equations of the annular refractive mirror surface (4), the annular primary reflecting mirror surface (5), the annular secondary reflecting mirror surface (6), the annular tertiary reflecting mirror surface (7), the circular light splitting surface (8) and the circular refractive mirror surface (9) in the mirror body (1) are as follows:
Wherein z is the surface sagittal height, C is the basic curvature at the vertex, k is the conic constant, r is the radial coordinates of the point on the aspheric surface, and a, B, C, D, … are all aspheric coefficients.
4. The laser and long wave infrared dual mode annular aperture ultra thin seeker imaging optical system of claim 1, wherein: the imaging wave band of the system is a long-wave infrared wave band of 7.7-9.5 mu m and the laser wavelength of 1.064 mu m.
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| CN109975961A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Shared aperture complex imaging optical system of visible light and LONG WAVE INFRARED |
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| US7082001B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2006-07-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dual mode mirror imaging system |
| CN111338075B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-07-29 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Active laser infrared composite coaxial common-aperture imaging optical system |
| CN111897117A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-06 | 长春理工大学 | Ultra-thin medium-long wave infrared dual-waveband imaging system |
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| CN109975961A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Shared aperture complex imaging optical system of visible light and LONG WAVE INFRARED |
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| 激光/红外共孔径无热化紧凑型光学系统设计;贺祥清;廖小军;段媛;张灏烨;;红外技术;20200520(05);全文 * |
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