CN115387132A - 一种高强度tpu多层复合面料的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度tpu多层复合面料的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，属于功能面料技术领域，包括如下步骤：将竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝织造成毛圈布；将聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶于DMAC和丙酮的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合均匀，得到质量分数为14.5％的PU纺丝液；在毛圈布表面纺一层TPU热熔胶网膜，然后通过静电纺将PU纺丝液纺至毛圈布表面，热压复合，制得高强度TPU多层复合面料。本发明采用竹浆纤维纱、低弹涤纶丝制得的毛圈布作为基布，具备抗菌、舒适、透湿、耐用以及高强度的优点，再通过TPU胶膜热压复合PU纤维膜，解决了防水与透气两者不可兼得的难题，赋予面料手感柔软、吸湿导湿、防水、透气、抗菌等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能面料技术领域，具体地，涉及一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)是近年来兴起的一种新型有机高分子合成材料，其突出的特点是加工性能好、耐磨性优异、耐臭氧性极好、强度高、弹性好、耐低温有良好的耐油性、耐化学药品以及耐环境性能，是一种新型的聚合物材料。
随着户外运动服、化学防护服等特殊功能服装对于面料的高要求，防水透湿透气织物受到日益广泛的关注。防水透湿透气织物包括三大类，第一类是高密度织物，它是利用细号棉纱和超细合成纤维制成高密度的织物，经拒水整理后具有一定的防水性。其特点是透气性、柔软性和悬垂性较好，但耐水压较低、次品率高、染整加工困难、折边耐磨擦性较差；第二类是涂层织物，可分为亲水涂层和微孔涂层织物两种。涂层织物般加工简单，其特点是透气小、耐水压不大；第三类是层压复合织物，它是将防水透气和防风保暖集于一身，具有明显的技术优势。运用层压技术把织物与防水透气薄膜复合于一体，是目前开发防水透气织物的主要方向。
另外，在生活中，人们不可避免地接触到各种各样的细菌、真菌等微生物，这些微生物在合适的外界条件下，会迅速繁殖，并通过接触等方式传播疾病，影响人们的身体健康和正常的工作、学习和生活。可见，提高面料的抗菌性能也是需要关注的重要方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供了一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步、将竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝织造成毛圈布(作为面料基布)，其中，竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝的质量之比为4:1，毛圈布参数：200g/m2，毛高2.2mm；
第二步、将聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶于DMAC(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)和丙酮的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合均匀，得到质量分数为14.5％的PU纺丝液；其中聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量比为9:0.5:1:4.5；混合溶剂中DMAC和丙酮的质量比为2:3；
第三步、在毛圈布表面纺一层TPU热熔胶网膜，然后通过静电纺将PU纺丝液纺至毛圈布表面，热压复合，复合温度60-70℃，固化时间24h，复合压力为5MPa，制得高强度TPU多层复合面料。
TPU热熔胶网膜厚度7-10μm，PU纤维膜厚度20-25μm。
PU膜中通过含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的辅配，含氟聚氨酯含有的长全氟化链段碳链有助于提高PU纤维膜的疏水性，改善透湿防水性能，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛受热时发生熔融形成大量的熔接结构，增加了相邻纤维熔接点间的强度和弹性，进一步提高防水透湿性能，因此，获得的PU纤维膜具有良好的防水透湿性能。
进一步地，涤纶低弹丝为聚氯乙烯包覆涤纶丝，具体的，采用包覆机将PVC粒子经过加热和螺杆旋转增压，成熔融状，均匀包覆在涤纶丝上，得到涤纶低弹丝；获得的涤纶低弹丝具有微孔状结构，稳定性良好，可以长期使用，尺寸不容易变形，具备强度高、耐老化的优点。
进一步地，抗菌添加剂通过如下步骤制备：
1)将2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶于甲醇中，在常温下加入次氯酸钠溶液(浓度1mol/L)，匀速搅拌24h，得到粗产物，将粗产物经水洗过滤后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到氯化物；2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇、甲醇和次氯酸钠的用量之比为0.1mol:200mL:0.1mol；
2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇在次氯酸钠作用下，发生氯化，形成氯化物，过程如下所示：
2)将氯化物和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于甲苯，加入钛酸异丙酯(催化剂)，并将混合物在110℃下反应6h，待反应完成后，将反应混合物倒入过量的无水乙醇中以沉淀出产物，并将产物用乙醇2-3次，最后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到抗菌添加剂；氯化物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲苯、钛酸异丙酯的用量之比为9.6g:13.0g:150mL:0.46g；
氯化物与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯发生酯交换反应，在其分子侧链上引入氯化物，得到抗菌添加剂，过程如下所示：
所得到的抗菌添加剂属于聚酯，与聚氨酯具备良好的相容性，易于在聚氨酯纺丝液中均匀分布，由于其分子侧链上含有卤胺(氯化物)结构，因此，其具备安全、高效的抗菌性能，因此，将其加入纺丝液中，能够赋予PU纤维膜一定的抗菌性能。
采用竹浆纤维纱、低弹涤纶丝制得的毛圈布作为基布，具备抗菌、舒适、透湿、耐用以及高强度的优点，再通过TPU胶膜复合PU纤维膜，解决了防水与透气两者不可兼得的难题，赋予面料手感柔软、吸湿导湿、防水、透气、抗菌等优点。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用竹浆纤维纱、低弹涤纶丝制得的毛圈布作为基布，具备抗菌、舒适、透湿、耐用以及高强度的优点，再通过TPU胶膜热压复合PU纤维膜，解决了防水与透气两者不可兼得的难题，赋予面料手感柔软、吸湿导湿、防水、透气、抗菌等优点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
制备抗菌添加剂：
1)将0.1mol的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶于200mL甲醇中，在常温下加入100mL次氯酸钠溶液(浓度1mol/L)，匀速搅拌24h，得到粗产物，将粗产物经水洗过滤后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到氯化物；
2)将9.6g氯化物和13.0g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于150mL甲苯，加入0.46g钛酸异丙酯(催化剂)，并将混合物在110℃下反应6h，待反应完成后，将反应混合物倒入300mL无水乙醇中以沉淀出产物，并将产物用乙醇2次，最后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到抗菌添加剂。
实施例2
制备抗菌添加剂：
1)将0.2mol的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶于400mL甲醇中，在常温下加入200mL次氯酸钠溶液(浓度1mol/L)，匀速搅拌24h，得到粗产物，将粗产物经水洗过滤后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到氯化物；
2)将19.2g氯化物和26.0g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于300mL甲苯，加入0.92g钛酸异丙酯(催化剂)，并将混合物在110℃下反应6h，待反应完成后，将反应混合物倒入600mL无水乙醇中以沉淀出产物，并将产物用乙醇3次，最后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到抗菌添加剂。
实施例3
制备涤纶低弹丝：
采用包覆机将PVC粒子经过加热和螺杆旋转增压，成熔融状，均匀包覆在涤纶丝上，得到涤纶低弹丝，涤纶丝纤度50tex，涤纶低弹丝的纤度102tex。
实施例4
一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步、将竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝织造成毛圈布(作为面料基布)，其中，竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝的质量之比为4:1，毛圈布参数：200g/m2，毛高2.2mm；
第二步、将聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶于DMAC和丙酮的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合均匀，得到质量分数为14.5％的PU纺丝液；其中聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量比为9:0.5:1:4.5；混合溶剂中DMAC和丙酮的质量比为2:3；
第三步、在毛圈布表面纺一层TPU热熔胶网膜，然后通过静电纺将PU纺丝液纺至毛圈布表面，热压复合，复合温度60℃，固化时间24h，复合压力为5MPa，制得高强度TPU多层复合面料；TPU热熔胶网膜厚度7μm，PU纤维膜厚度20μm。
实施例5
一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步、将竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝织造成毛圈布(作为面料基布)，其中，竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝的质量之比为4:1，毛圈布参数：200g/m2，毛高2.2mm；
第二步、将聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶于DMAC和丙酮的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合均匀，得到质量分数为14.5％的PU纺丝液；其中聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量比为9:0.5:1:4.5；混合溶剂中DMAC和丙酮的质量比为2:3；
第三步、在毛圈布表面纺一层TPU热熔胶网膜，然后通过静电纺将PU纺丝液纺至毛圈布表面，热压复合，复合温度70℃，固化时间24h，复合压力为5MPa，制得高强度TPU多层复合面料；TPU热熔胶网膜厚度10μm，PU纤维膜厚度25μm。
对实施例4-5制得的复合面料进行性能参数测试：
测得的结果如下表所示：
| 实施例4 | 实施例5 | |
| 断裂强力/N | 1078 | 1069 |
| 断裂伸长率/％ | 65 | 59 |
| 透气量/L·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> | 5.72 | 5.59 |
| 透湿量/g/m<sup>2</sup>·24h | 3576 | 3550 |
| 防水性能/级 | 5 | 5 |
| 抗菌度/级 | 4-5 | 4-5 |
由上表数据可知，本发明获得的复合面料具备高强度、高透气透湿量的优点，且具备较高的防水性能和抗菌性能。
在说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
第一步、将竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝织造成毛圈布；
第二步、将聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶于DMAC和丙酮的混合溶剂中，搅拌混合均匀，得到质量分数为14.5％的PU纺丝液；
第三步、在毛圈布表面纺一层TPU热熔胶网膜，然后通过静电纺将PU纺丝液纺至毛圈布表面，热压复合，制得高强度TPU多层复合面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，毛圈布中竹浆纤维纱和涤纶低弹丝的质量之比为4:1，毛圈布参数：200g/m2，毛高2.2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，所述涤纶低弹丝为聚氯乙烯包覆涤纶丝，采用包覆机将PVC粒子经过加热和螺杆旋转增压，成熔融状，均匀包覆在涤纶丝上，得到涤纶低弹丝。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，第二步中聚氨酯、抗菌添加剂、含氟聚氨酯和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的质量比为9:0.5:1:4.5；混合溶剂中DMAC和丙酮的质量比为2:3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，第三步中热压复合参数：复合温度60-70℃，固化时间24h，复合压力为5MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，所述抗菌添加剂通过如下步骤制备：
1)将2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇溶于甲醇中，在常温下加入次氯酸钠溶液，匀速搅拌24h，得到粗产物，将粗产物经水洗过滤后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到氯化物；
2)将氯化物和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于甲苯，加入钛酸异丙酯，并将混合物在110℃下反应6h，待反应完成后，将反应混合物倒入过量的无水乙醇中以沉淀出产物，并将产物用乙醇2-3次，最后置于真空干燥箱干燥24h，得到抗菌添加剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇、甲醇和次氯酸钠的用量之比为0.1mol:200mL:0.1mol；次氯酸钠溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种高强度TPU多层复合面料的制造方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中氯化物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲苯、钛酸异丙酯的用量之比为9.6g:13.0g:150mL:0.46g。
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