CN115358042B - Heat generation power prediction method, heat generation power prediction device, computer equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Heat generation power prediction method, heat generation power prediction device, computer equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present application relates to a heat generation power prediction method, apparatus, computer device, storage medium, and computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current temperature and the working current intensity of a target battery; determining a first current intensity of a thermal side reaction of an electrode interface according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacitance; determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface according to the working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among the charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface; predicting a second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; and calculating the heat generating power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction. By adopting the method, the prediction accuracy of the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a computer device, a storage medium, and a computer program product for predicting heat generation power.
Background
Under abuse conditions such as overheating, the battery can generate thermal side reactions affecting the normal operation of the battery at the electrode interface besides the original electrochemical reactions supporting the normal operation of the battery at the electrode-electrolyte interface (hereinafter referred to as electrode interface). The heat build-up of this thermal side reaction may lead to a sustained increase in the temperature of the battery, initiate other side reactions within the battery, and ultimately cause irreversible damage to the battery. It is therefore necessary to thermally model, thermally manage or thermally design the battery based on the generated thermal power of the electrode interface thermal side reactions to reduce the damage to the battery from heat accumulation.
In the related art, a thermal side reaction kinetic model established based on an Arrhenius equation can be used for predicting the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. However, the thermal side reaction kinetics model is built for a static battery system, i.e., a battery system that is in a non-operating state. When the battery is in a working state, the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface has a certain influence on the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, so that the thermal side reaction kinetic model established for the static battery system has lower prediction accuracy of the generated heat power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, and is not beneficial to the accuracy of thermal modeling, thermal management or thermal design of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a heat generation power prediction method, apparatus, computer device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product that are capable of improving the accuracy of heat generation power prediction of electrode interface thermal side reactions.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of heat generation power prediction. The method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the current temperature and the current working current intensity of a target battery in a current working state;
determining a first current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacitance of the target battery; the first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery; the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among the charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction;
Predicting a second current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
and calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the determining the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery includes:
performing a first calorimetric test on the sample battery in a non-working state, and establishing a corresponding relation between heat generation power of a thermal side reaction and temperature based on a result of the first calorimetric test; the sample battery is a battery with the same material composition as the target battery;
performing a second calorimetric test on the sample battery under a plurality of working current intensities respectively, and establishing a corresponding relation between the heat generating power and the temperature of an electrode interface under each working current intensity based on the result of the second calorimetric test;
Based on the working current intensity of the sample battery, the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the sample battery, the electrode interface resistance of the sample battery and the maximum rated capacitance of the sample battery, establishing a relational expression of the thermal power generated by the electrode interface, the thermal power generated by the thermal side reaction and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface;
and determining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature, the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the temperature under the working current intensity, and the relational expression between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
and calculating the heat generation power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current working current intensity.
In one embodiment, the determining the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacity of the target battery includes:
According to the current temperature, calculating a first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery by adopting an electrode interface thermal side reaction dynamics model which is established in advance based on an Arrhenius equation and corresponds to the target battery; the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles participating in the electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
multiplying the maximum rated capacitance by the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate to obtain the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the calculating the heat generating power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance, and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery includes:
calculating the ratio of the second current intensity to the maximum rated capacitance to obtain the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery; the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
And multiplying the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate by the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery to obtain the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery includes:
multiplying the current working current intensity by an electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery to obtain an interference current intensity corresponding to the electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a heat generation power prediction apparatus. The device comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the current temperature and the current working current intensity of the target battery in the current working state;
the first determining module is used for determining a first current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacitance of the target battery; the first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
The second determining module is used for determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery; the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among the charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction;
the prediction module is used for predicting a second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
and the first calculation module is used for calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises:
the first establishing module is used for carrying out a first calorimetric test on the sample battery in a non-working state and establishing a corresponding relation between heat generation power of a thermal side reaction and temperature based on a result of the first calorimetric test; the sample battery is a battery with the same material composition as the target battery;
the second establishing module is used for respectively carrying out a second calorimetric test on the sample battery under a plurality of working current intensities, and establishing the corresponding relation between the heat generating power and the temperature of the electrode interface under each working current intensity based on the result of the second calorimetric test;
the third establishing module is used for establishing a relational expression of the heat generating power of the electrode interface, the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface based on the working current intensity of the sample battery, the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the sample battery, the electrode interface resistance of the sample battery and the maximum rated capacitance of the sample battery;
and the third determining module is used for determining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature, the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the electrode interface under the working current intensity and the temperature and the relational expression between the heat generating power of the electrode interface, the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a second calculation module for calculating the generated power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current working current intensity.
In one embodiment, the first determining module is specifically configured to:
according to the current temperature, calculating a first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery by adopting an electrode interface thermal side reaction dynamics model which is established in advance based on an Arrhenius equation and corresponds to the target battery; the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles participating in the electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state; multiplying the maximum rated capacitance by the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate to obtain the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the first computing module is specifically configured to:
calculating the ratio of the second current intensity to the maximum rated capacitance to obtain the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery; the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state; and multiplying the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate by the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery to obtain the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the second determining module is specifically configured to:
multiplying the current working current intensity by an electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery to obtain an interference current intensity corresponding to the electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery.
In a third aspect, the present application also provides a computer device. The computer device comprises a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of the first aspect when the processor executes the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of the first aspect.
The heat generation power prediction method, the heat generation power prediction device, the computer equipment, the storage medium and the computer program product determine the interference current intensity through the current working current intensity of the target battery and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient, and then predict the second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction. The first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a non-working state; the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among the charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state. When the battery is in a working state, the electrode interface of the battery can simultaneously generate electrochemical reaction and thermal side reaction, and the electrochemical reaction occupies charged particles (such as electrons) which can originally participate in the thermal side reaction, so that the second current intensity predicted according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity is closer to the actual equivalent current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state, and the heat generation power calculated according to the predicted second current intensity is closer to the actual heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. Therefore, the method has higher prediction accuracy of the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface under the working state of the battery, is beneficial to improving the accuracy of thermal modeling, thermal management or thermal design of the battery, and further improves the safety of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting heat generation power in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the mechanism of electrode interface reactions in one example;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an electrode particle bin in one example;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of determining the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of calculating a first current level according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a process for calculating the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface according to one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a battery thermal behavior simulation using a thermal power prediction method in one example;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a structure of a heat generation power prediction apparatus in one embodiment;
fig. 9 is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
First, before the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is specifically described, a description is first given of a technical background or a technical evolution context on which the embodiments of the present application are based. Under abuse conditions such as overheating, the battery can generate thermal side reactions affecting the normal operation of the battery at the electrode interface besides the original electrochemical reactions supporting the normal operation of the battery at the electrode-electrolyte interface (hereinafter referred to as electrode interface). The battery operating states include a discharge state and a charge state. For example, in a lithium battery in a discharged state, the electrochemical reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte interface is: the cathode is subjected to oxidation reaction, lithium ions are separated from the cathode and enter electrolyte and pass through the electrolyte to reach the anode, corresponding electrons flow into an external circuit from the cathode, and the anode receives electrons from the external circuit and performs reduction reaction with lithium ions in the electrolyte. And the thermal side reaction of the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte can be: the lithium-intercalated negative electrode directly undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction with electrolyte to generate byproducts such as lithium carbonate and the like.
The heat generated by the thermal side reactions at the electrode interface may cause a sustained increase in the temperature of the battery, which in turn causes other side reactions within the battery and ultimately causes irreversible damage to the battery. It is therefore necessary to thermally model, thermally manage or thermally design the battery based on the generated thermal power of the electrode interface thermal side reactions to reduce the damage to the battery from heat accumulation. For example, the battery can be thermally modeled based on the generated heat power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction, and then a corresponding heat dissipation design is performed for the battery, so that heat dissipation and heat generation are balanced, and heat accumulation is reduced.
In the related art, a thermal side reaction kinetic model established based on an Arrhenius equation can be used for predicting the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. However, the thermal side reaction kinetics model is built for a static battery system, i.e., a battery system that is in a non-operating state. When the battery is in a working state, the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface has a certain influence on the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, so that the thermal side reaction kinetic model established for the static battery system has lower prediction accuracy of the generated heat power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, and is not beneficial to the accuracy of thermal modeling, thermal management or thermal design of the battery. Based on the background, the applicant provides the heat generation power prediction method through long-term research and development and experimental verification, so that the heat generation power prediction accuracy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the battery in the working state can be improved, the accuracy of thermal modeling, thermal management or thermal design of the battery can be improved, and the safety of the battery can be improved. In addition, the applicant has made a great deal of creative effort to find out the technical problems of the present application and to introduce the technical solutions of the following embodiments.
The heat generation power prediction method provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a terminal and used for predicting the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of a real battery or a simulation battery. It will be appreciated that the method may also be applied to a server, and may also be applied to a system comprising a terminal and a server, and implemented by interaction of the terminal and the server. The terminal may be, but not limited to, various personal computers, notebook computers, smart phones, tablet computers, internet of things devices, etc., and the server may be implemented by an independent server or a server cluster formed by a plurality of servers.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for predicting heat generation power is provided, and the method is applied to a terminal for illustration, and includes the following steps:
In practice, the terminal can obtain the current temperature (T) and the current working current intensity (I) e ). The target battery can be a real battery or a simulation battery simulated by a simulation platform. If the battery is a real battery, the current temperature and the current working current intensity of the target battery in the current working state can be obtained through the battery management system. If the battery is simulated, a user can set the current temperature and the current working current intensity of the battery through a simulation platform on the terminal, and the terminal can acquire the current temperature and the current working current intensity from the simulation platform. The current working state of the target battery may be a discharging state or a charging state, and if the current working state is a discharging state, the current working current intensity is a discharging current intensity, and if the current working state is a charging state, the current working current intensity is a charging current intensity.
The first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a non-working state.
In implementation, if the target battery is a real battery, and the maximum rated capacity (which may be referred to as CAP) of the real battery is a performance parameter of the battery, the terminal may obtain the maximum rated capacity from the pre-stored performance parameters of the target battery; in the case of a simulated battery, the maximum rated capacity may be set by the user. The terminal can then calculate the target based on the current temperature T and the maximum rated capacitance CAPFirst amperage of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the cell (can be noted as
). For example, the terminal may determine the type of thermal side reaction of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery according to the electrode material and the electrolyte material of the target battery, calculate the instantaneous reaction rate of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface at the current temperature according to the thermal side reaction kinetic model, and calculate the first current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface according to the instantaneous reaction rate and the electron transfer number of the thermal side reaction >
. The thermal side reaction kinetic model is a model corresponding to the thermal side reaction type established based on an Arrhenius equation.
And step 103, determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery.
The electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the proportion of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction in charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state. The disturbance current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among the charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface.
When the electrochemical reaction and the thermal side reaction exist at the electrode interface, the electrochemical reaction occupies charged particles (such as electrons) which can participate in the thermal side reaction, so that a certain proportion of electrons in the electrons which participate in the electrochemical reaction are electrons which can originally participate in the thermal side reaction, and the proportion is defined as an electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient (which can be marked as eta) in the application. The current intensity corresponding to the electrons which can participate in the thermal side reaction is the interference current intensity. The electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta is related to battery materials (such as electrode materials, electrolyte materials and the like), and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta corresponding to the target battery can be determined in advance through experiments and stored. A detailed description of the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient η determining process will be provided later, and will not be described here.
In practice, the terminal may determine the current operating current level I obtained in step 101 e And calculating the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state according to the prestored electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta corresponding to the target battery. For example, the present operating current intensity I e Multiplying the interference current strength (eta.I) by the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta e )。
And step 104, predicting a second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity.
Wherein the second current intensity (may be denoted as I p ) The equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state, namely the equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of electrons which actually participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction under the interference of the electrode interface electrochemical reaction.
In practice, the terminal may determine the first amperage as a function of the first amperage obtained in step 102
And predicting a second current intensity I of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery based on the interference current intensity obtained in the step 103 p I.e. by a first current intensity +.>
And predicting the actual equivalent current intensity corresponding to the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. For example, the terminal may calculate the first current intensity +.>
And the interference current intensity (eta.I) e ) Is used for the difference in (a),the difference is the predicted second current intensity +.>
。
And 105, calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
The reaction enthalpy (may be denoted as Δh) of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery may be obtained in advance according to experiments or experience, and stored (real battery scene), or set directly by the user (simulated battery scene).
In practice, the terminal may determine the second current intensity I predicted in step 104 p And calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the maximum rated capacitance CAP of the target battery and the reaction enthalpy delta H of the electrode interface thermal side reaction. For example, a second current intensity I can be calculated p And multiplying the ratio with the maximum rated capacitance CAP by the reaction enthalpy delta H to obtain the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction.
In the heat generation power prediction method, the interference current intensity is determined according to the current working current intensity of the target battery and the electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient, and then the second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction is predicted according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction. The first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a non-working state; the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among the charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state. When the battery is in a working state, the electrode interface of the battery can simultaneously generate electrochemical reaction and thermal side reaction, and the electrochemical reaction occupies charged particles (such as electrons) which can originally participate in the thermal side reaction, so that the second current intensity predicted according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity is closer to the actual equivalent current intensity of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state, and the heat generation power calculated according to the predicted second current intensity is closer to the actual heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. Therefore, the method has higher prediction accuracy of the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface under the working state of the battery, is beneficial to improving the accuracy of thermal modeling, thermal management or thermal design of the battery, and further improves the safety of the battery.
The following is a theoretical derivation process of the scheme, which proves that the second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction can be accurately predicted through the first current intensity and the interference current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction.
When electrochemical reaction and thermal side reaction exist at the electrode-electrolyte interface of the battery, the speed or intensity of the two reactions can be described by interface current caused by the reaction, as shown in fig. 2, the interface current caused by the electrochemical reaction is I e (corresponding to the operating current intensity of the battery), the interface current caused by the thermal side reaction (or called thermochemical reaction) is I p (corresponding to the second amperage of the electrode interface thermal side reaction). The equation pair I will be established as follows e And I p Description is made. The analysis may be performed by a microcell method, taking one microcell of the anode active material particles of the battery in a discharged state of the battery as an example, as shown in fig. 3, the microcell having a volume dV and a surface area dS. The principle of the battery system in the charged state and the reaction of the battery anode interface are the same, and are not repeated here.
The electron charge in the element that can participate in the reaction (including the thermal side reaction and the electrochemical reaction) is denoted as Q, and the total decrease rate of the electron charge in the element due to the two reactions can be expressed as:
In the method, in the process of the invention,
for the electron charge reduction rate caused by thermal side reaction in the microelements, < + >>
The rate of decrease in electron charge caused by the electrochemical reaction in the microcell is defined.
Wherein, the rate of decrease of the electron quantity in the infinitesimal caused by the thermal side reaction can be expressed as:
wherein j is P The interface current density of the surface of the micro element, which is actually caused by the thermal side reaction, namely the equivalent interface current density corresponding to the movement of electrons of the surface of the micro element participating in the thermal side reaction, and dS is the surface area of the micro element.
The rate of decrease in electron charge caused by the electrochemical reaction can be expressed as:
wherein j is e The interface current density of the surface of the infinitesimal caused by electrochemical reaction.
The electron quantity Q in the infinitesimal can also be represented by the electron concentration c (which is normalized concentration, initial concentration is 1) of the infinitesimal which can participate in the reaction (including electrochemical reaction and thermal side reaction) and the capacitance cap which can participate in the reaction and is stored in the infinitesimal in unit volume, and the formula is as follows:
Q＝c·cap·dV (4)
the total rate of decrease in electron charge caused by the reaction in the bin can also be expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the electron concentration decrease rate caused by the reaction (including the electrochemical reaction and the thermal side reaction) in the infinitesimal is represented.
Therefore, the rate of decrease in the electron charge in the infinitesimal due to the thermal side reaction can also be expressed as:
The rate of decrease in electron charge caused by the electrochemical reaction can also be expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the rate of decrease of electron concentration due to thermal side reaction, < >>
Is the rate of decrease in electron concentration caused by the electrochemical reaction. />
When the battery is in a non-working state, the battery interface does not generate electrochemical reaction, and only generates thermal side reaction, namely
The decreasing rate of the electron quantity in the infinitesimal is only the decreasing rate of the electron quantity caused by the thermal side reaction, and the following formulas (1), (2) and (6) are combined to obtain:
wherein,,
indicating the rate of decrease of electron concentration caused by thermal side reaction in the non-operating state of the battery,/->
Indicating the interfacial current density caused by thermal side reactions in the non-operating state of the battery.
According to the formula (8), the interface current density of the battery, which is caused by the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, can be obtained
Is calculated according to the formula:
according to the thermodynamic reaction, the thermal side reaction in the battery follows Arrhenius' law, and the electron concentration decrease rate caused by the thermal side reaction can be calculated by the formulas (10) and (11), in which case the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction
Can be calculated from formula (12), and formulas (10) to (12) can be referred to as electrode interface thermal side reaction kinetic models.
f(c)＝(1-c) n (11)
Wherein A is a forward factor of a thermal side reaction, E a For reaction activation energy, R 0 ＝8.314J·mol -1 ·K -1 Is the ideal gas constant, T is the cell temperature (in particular the electrode interfaceTemperature of the face). f (c) is a reaction rate function, generally following the law of the index in equation (11), other calculation methods are also possible. Δh is the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction. Parameters A, E a Δ H, n may be empirically or experimentally measured.
The combined type (9) and (10) can obtain the interface current density of the battery caused by the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface in the non-working state
Is calculated according to the formula:
when the battery is in working state, the electrochemical reaction occupies electrons which can be originally involved in thermal side reaction, i.e. interface current density j of the surface of the microelements caused by the electrochemical reaction e The ratio of the electrons which can be used for participating in the thermal side reaction in the electrons which can be used for participating in the electrochemical reaction to the electrons which can be used for participating in the thermal side reaction is the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta, and the interface current density caused by the electrons which can be used for participating in the thermal side reaction in the electrons which can be used for participating in the electrochemical reaction can be marked as eta.j e Interface current density j due to electrons actually participating in thermal side reaction P Can be calculated by the following formula:
According to the formulas (2) and (6), the electron concentration decrease rate actually caused by the thermal side reaction can be obtained
Is calculated according to the formula: />
Assume thatThe anode active material particles of the battery are uniform particles, namely the electron concentration c in the particles is equal to the capacity of containing electrons everywhere in the particles, namely the capacitance cap of unit volume is equal everywhere, the interface current density j on the surfaces of the particles e And j P The same applies everywhere, and by integrating the formula (15), the negative electrode interface actually causes a decrease in electron concentration due to thermal side reaction
Can be expressed as:
CAP＝cap·V (17)
where V is the volume of the anode active material particles, S is its surface area, and CAP is the maximum capacity of the anode active material (equivalently the maximum rated capacity of the battery).
From the definition of the current intensity (the amount of electricity passing through the conductor cross section per unit time), and by integrating the formula (2), the co-operation (16), it is known that the current intensity (the second current intensity corresponding to the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface) I, which is actually caused by the thermal side reaction, at the anode interface p Can be expressed as:
and from the definition of the current intensity, and by integrating the formulas (3) and (7), it is known that the current intensity (corresponding to the operating current intensity of the battery) I caused by the electrochemical reaction at the anode interface e Can be expressed as:
the simultaneous formulas (14), (18), (19) can be obtained:
from the definition of the current intensity and the integration of the formula (8), it can be seen that the current intensity caused by the thermal side reaction at the interface of the negative electrode (which can be expressed as
First amperage corresponding to electrode interface thermal side reactions) can be expressed as:
thus, the combination of (20) and (21) can be obtained:
thus, the first amperage through the electrode interface thermal side reaction
And the interference current intensity (eta.I) e ) Accurately predicts the second current intensity I of the electrode interface thermal side reaction p 。
In addition, for the operating current intensity of the battery, a current multiplying power C can be adopted rate To quantitatively describe the applied current, current multiplying power C rate The following formula is satisfied:
then it is available according to equations (19) and (23):
in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a process for determining the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient η corresponding to a target battery is provided, and specifically includes the following steps:
Wherein the sample cell is a cell of the same material composition as the target cell. For example, a commercial battery of the same model as the target battery may be directly used as the sample battery, or the sample battery may be prepared from the same components as the respective material components of the target battery. The sample cell may be a button cell. For convenience of experiments and improvement of experimental efficiency, the sample cell may also be assembled using the same components as the key components of the target cell (e.g., electrode active material and electrolyte).
In implementation, the terminal may control the calorimeter (such as a microcalorimeter, an adiabatic calorimeter, etc.) to perform a first calorimeter test on the sample battery in a non-working state, specifically, may perform a scanning calorimeter test on the sample battery at a preset heating rate, and stop heating when the temperature rises to a preset temperature value. The preset heating rate and the preset temperature value may be set experimentally or empirically, and the preset temperature value is generally related to the material of the battery and may be set at 180 ℃. According to the first calorimetric test, a plurality of temperature data under a preset heating rate and the heat generating power corresponding to each temperature data can be obtained (namely, the result of the first calorimetric test). Because the battery is in a non-working state, the heat-generating power measured at the moment is mainly the heat-generating power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface. Then, the terminal may establish a corresponding relationship between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature according to the result of the first calorimetric test (i.e. the heat generating power corresponding to each temperature data), for example, a thermal side reaction heat generating power-temperature relationship curve P may be fitted according to the heat generating power corresponding to each temperature data O (T) the temperature T is generally in the range of 50-180 ℃.
In practice, the terminal may perform a second calorimetric test on the sample cell at a plurality of operating current intensities, respectively. For example, the terminal may control the calorimetric device to heat up the sample cell and record temperature data, and when each preset temperature value is reached, control the sample cell to charge or discharge at the first operating current intensity, and measure the heat generation power corresponding to the preset temperature value by the calorimetric device. The heat-generating power measured at this time is mainly the sum of the heat-generating power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface and the heat-generating power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface (i.e. joule heat), and can be called as the heat-generating power of the electrode interface. Each preset temperature value can be a plurality of temperature values between 50 ℃ and 180 ℃, and each time a preset temperature value is reached, the sample battery is controlled to charge or discharge at the first working current intensity. And then performing calorimetric test on the sample battery under the second working current intensity to obtain calorimetric test results under a plurality of working current intensities. The temperature data and the corresponding heat generation power under each working current intensity are the second calorimetric test results. The operating current intensity can be described in terms of current multiplying power (see formula (23)), and the current multiplying power can be set to 0C-8C (unit h) -1 ) Between them. Alternatively, the sample cell may be charged to a full state (which may be equivalent to the maximum rated capacity) prior to performing the second calorimetric test on the sample cell, so as to perform the second calorimetric test in the full state. It can be appreciated that a plurality of sample cells may be used to perform calorimetric test under a certain working current intensity on each sample cell at the same time, for example, 5 sample cells may be heated simultaneously, when heated to a preset temperature value, the 5 sample cells are controlled to discharge at current rates of 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 5C and 10C, respectively, and the corresponding heat-generating power of each sample cell is measured, so that temperature data under 5 working current intensities and the corresponding heat-generating power can be obtained simultaneously, thereby improving the test efficiency.
Then, the terminal can establish a corresponding relationship between the electrode interface heat generation power and the temperature under each working current intensity according to the result of the second calorimetric test (i.e. the temperature data and the corresponding heat generation power under each working current intensity), for example, according to each current multiplying powerFitting the temperature data and the corresponding heat generation power to obtain the heat generation power-temperature relation curve of the electrode interface under each current multiplying power 
Is the current multiplying power C rate-i The temperature T is generally 50-180 deg.C in the range of the heat generating power-temperature relation curve of the electrode interface.
In practice, the terminal may be based on the operating current strength I of the sample battery e Reaction enthalpy delta H of electrode interface thermal side reaction of sample battery, electrode interface resistance R of sample battery SEI Establishing the electrode interface heat-generating power P and the heat-generating power of the thermal side reaction by the maximum rated capacitance CAP of the sample battery
And the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta, wherein the thermal side reaction generates thermal power +.>
The heat-generating power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the battery is in a non-working state. In one example, the relationship is as follows:
the following is a derivation of this relationship:
the electrode interface heat generation power P satisfies the following formula:
P＝P P +P e (26)
wherein P is P For the actual heat generation power of electrode interface thermal side reaction under the interference of electrochemical translation, P e Generating heat power for the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface.
Referring to formula (12), the actual heat generation power P of the electrode interface thermal side reaction p The following formula is satisfied:
from equation (14), equation (16) and equation (27), we can obtain
Electrode interface electrochemical reaction heat generation power p e The following formula is satisfied:
P e ＝I e 2 ·R SEI (29)
the simultaneous formulas (9), (12), (26), (28), (29) can be obtained:
the relational expression as in the formula (25) is obtained.
In implementation, the terminal may determine the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relationship between the thermal side reaction heat generating power and the temperature established in the step 401, the corresponding relationship between the electrode interface heat generating power and the temperature under each working current intensity established in the step 402, and the relational expression between the electrode interface heat generating power, the thermal side reaction heat generating power and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient established in the step 403.
For example, the terminal may generate a thermal power-temperature relationship P according to a thermal side reaction O (T) obtaining a temperature T j Heat generation power P O (T j ) In relation (25), the battery is at temperature T j Thermal side reaction heat generation power in the lower and non-working state
. And, the terminal may be at current rate C rate-i Lower electrode interface heat generation power-temperature relationship>
Obtaining the current multiplying power C rate-i Temperature T j Lower electrode interface heat generation power +.>
As the electrode interface heat generation power P in the relation (25), and according to the current multiplying power C rate-i And the maximum rated capacitance CAP to obtain the working current intensity I e-i As the operating current intensity I in the relation (25) e 。
Thus, the relationship (25) established according to step 403 can be given by:
the terminal may then generate a thermal power-temperature relationship P based on the thermal side reaction established in step 401 O (T), the respective operating current intensities I established in step 402 e-i (and Current multiplying factor C) rate-i Having a correspondence) of the electrode interface heat generation power-temperature relationship curve
And equation (34) fitting the temperature T j The lower electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta (T j ) Obtaining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta (T) of the sample battery at a plurality of temperatures.
Then, the terminal may calculate an average value of the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficients η (T) of the sample cell at a plurality of temperatures, and determine the average value as the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient η corresponding to the target cell. The terminal can also establish a corresponding relation between the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta and the temperature T, and then the terminal can determine the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta of the target battery at the current temperature according to the corresponding relation.
According to the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta obtained by the embodiment, the interference degree of the electrochemical reaction on the thermal side reaction when the target battery is in the working state can be accurately reflected, and further the equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in the electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in the current working state can be accurately predicted, so that the prediction accuracy of the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction is improved.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of calculating joule heat: and calculating the heat generation power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current working current intensity.
In practice, the terminal may be based on the electrode interface resistance R of the target cell SEI And the current operating current intensity I e Calculating electrochemical reaction of electrode interface of target batteryHeat generation power P e (as in the foregoing equation (29)). Thereby, the heat generation power P can be generated according to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface e Actual heat generation power P of thermal side reaction with electrode interface P The electrode interface heat generation power P is calculated (as in the aforementioned formula (26)).
The heat generating power P of the electrode interface calculated in the embodiment is closer to the actual heat generating power of the electrode system, namely, the heat generating power of the battery in different electrochemical processes (such as under different current multiplying powers) can be predicted more accurately by the method, and the method has important significance for thermal modeling, thermal management and thermal design application of the battery.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the method for determining the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction in step 102 specifically includes the following steps:
In implementation, the terminal may calculate the first electron concentration transient drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature T by using an electrode interface thermal side reaction kinetic model (e.g., the foregoing formulas (10) to (12)) corresponding to the target battery, which is previously established based on the Arrhenius equation. Specifically, the terminal may substitute the current temperature T into (10) to calculate the first electron concentration transient drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery
. Wherein the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate +.>
Is the rate of decrease in electron concentration in the electrode material caused by the movement of charged particles that participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface in the non-operating state of the target battery.
Wherein, by integrating the foregoing formula (9), the following formula is obtained by paralleling the formula (21):
thus, in practice, the terminal can instantaneously decrease the maximum rated capacitance CAP and the first electron concentration
Multiplying to obtain the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction>
。
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the process of calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction in step 105 specifically includes the following steps:
And 601, calculating the ratio of the second current intensity to the maximum rated capacitance to obtain the second electron concentration transient reduction rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
The second electron concentration reduction rate is the reduction rate of the electron concentration in the electrode material caused by the movement of charged particles which participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state.
In practice, based on the definition of the current intensity, the above equation (16) can be obtained as follows:
thus, the terminal can supply the second current intensity I p And the maximum rated capacitance CAP is substituted into a formula (36), and the ratio of the maximum rated capacitance CAP and the CAP is calculated to obtain the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery
。
And step 602, multiplying the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate by the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery to obtain the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In practice, the terminal will have a second electron concentration transient rate of decrease
And the reaction enthalpy delta H of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery, namely, according to the formula (27), the heat generation power P of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery is calculated P 。
The heat generation power prediction method provided in each embodiment can be applied to the simulation prediction of the heat generation behavior of the battery in different electrochemical processes so as to predict the heat generation behavior of the battery system in different electrochemical processes.
In one simulation example, a simulation prediction of the heat generation power of the battery system in the constant power heating mode may be performed to predict the temperature of the battery system. In the constant power heating mode, the temperature rise of the battery system (specifically, the temperature rise of the anode active material particles) is derived from the self-generated heat power, the heat power and the heat exchange power, and the electrode active material particle temperature T at time T can be calculated from formulas (37) to (40).
P ALL ＝P P +P e +P H -P D (39)
P D (t)＝h partical ·A partical ·(T-T env ) (40)
Wherein P is e Generating heat for electrode interface electrochemical reactionPower, P P The actual heat generation power for the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface can be calculated according to the heat generation power prediction method in the previous embodiment; p (P) H For heating power, 0.2mW was set in this simulation example; p (P) D For heat exchange power (or heat dissipation power), it can be calculated according to equation (40). Wherein h is partical The heat exchange coefficient between the anode active material particles and the environment was set to 0.01 W.K in this simulation example -1 ·m -2 ；A partical For the heat exchange area of the anode active material particles with the environment, the particles were calculated as squares in this simulation example, and the particle surface area corresponding to 1g of the material was about 2.118cm 2 ，T env The ambient temperature was set to 25℃in this simulation example. C (C) h Is specific heat capacity, T 0 To initiate the temperature, the discharge current is applied by heating to 40 ℃ in this example. Specific values of the relevant parameters are shown in table 1, and the mass of the anode active material particles in the simulated battery system is assumed to be 1g, and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient eta=1 of the battery system. Under the heating and heat dissipation power conditions in this example, the heat balance temperature of the anode active material particles was about 120 ℃.
Table 1 parameter value table
As shown in fig. 7, the simulation results of the simulation example show that applying discharge currents with different rates (i.e., different discharge current intensities) to the anode active material particles affects the reaction rate and the heat generation behavior of the anode active material particles in the constant-power heating thermal failure process. As the applied discharge current rate increases, the maximum temperature of the battery during thermal failure decreases and then increases. As can be seen from fig. 7, the discharge current at 0C, that is, when the battery is in a non-operating state, only the electrode interface thermal side reaction occurs at the interface, the highest temperature of the anode active material particles can reach about 170 ℃, and then the temperature slowly decreases to the heating-heat dissipation equilibrium temperature (about 120 ℃) due to heat dissipation; discharge current in the range of 0.01C to 0.1C multiplying power can effectively inhibit heat generation of thermal side reaction of an electrode interface, and particles slowly heat up to the heating and heat dissipation equilibrium temperature (about 120 ℃) under the constant power heating condition; the discharge current multiplying power is continuously increased to 5C or 10C, the temperature is increased instantly after the short-circuit current is connected due to the influence of Joule heat, the highest temperature of particles can reach about 200 ℃, and the heat stability of the battery is not facilitated. The simulation results show that the discharge current in the range of 0.01-0.1C can effectively inhibit the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface, improve the thermal stability of the battery, increase the discharge rate, and increase the thermal failure hazard of the battery due to the action of Joule heat.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments described above are sequentially shown as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily sequentially performed in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts described in the above embodiments may include a plurality of steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or stages.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide a heat generation power prediction apparatus for implementing the above-mentioned heat generation power prediction method. The implementation of the solution provided by the apparatus is similar to that described in the above method, so specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the apparatus for predicting heat generation power provided below may be referred to above as limitations of the method for predicting heat generation power, and will not be described herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, there is provided a heat generation power prediction apparatus 800 including: an acquisition module 801, a first determination module 802, a second determination module 803, a prediction module 804, and a first calculation module 805, wherein:
the obtaining module 801 is configured to obtain a current temperature of the target battery in a current operating state and a current operating current intensity.
A first determining module 802, configured to determine a first current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and a maximum rated capacity of the target battery; the first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a non-working state.
A second determining module 803, configured to determine an interference current intensity corresponding to an electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and an electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery; the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state; the disturbance current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface among the charged particles which participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface.
A prediction module 804, configured to predict a second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery in the current working state.
The first calculating module 805 is configured to calculate a heat generating power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance, and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a first setup module, a second setup module, a third setup module, and a third determination module, wherein:
the first establishing module is used for carrying out a first calorimetric test on the sample battery in a non-working state and establishing a corresponding relation between heat generation power of a thermal side reaction and temperature based on the result of the first calorimetric test; the sample cell is a cell of the same material composition as the target cell.
And the second establishing module is used for respectively carrying out a second calorimetric test on the sample battery under a plurality of working current intensities and establishing the corresponding relation between the heat generating power and the temperature of the electrode interface under each working current intensity based on the result of the second calorimetric test.
The third establishing module is used for establishing a relational expression of the heat generating power of the electrode interface, the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface based on the working current intensity of the sample battery, the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the sample battery, the electrode interface resistance of the sample battery and the maximum rated capacitance of the sample battery.
And the third determining module is used for determining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature, the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the temperature under each working current intensity and the relational expression between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a second calculation module for calculating a generated heat power of the electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery based on the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current operating current intensity.
In one embodiment, the first determining module 802 is specifically configured to:
according to the current temperature, calculating a first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery by adopting an electrode interface thermal side reaction kinetic model which is established in advance based on an Arrhenius equation and corresponds to the target battery; the first electron concentration transient drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles participating in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface when the target battery is in a non-working state; multiplying the maximum rated capacitance by the instantaneous drop rate of the first electron concentration to obtain the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the first computing module 805 is specifically configured to:
calculating the ratio of the second current intensity to the maximum rated capacitance to obtain the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery; the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles which participate in the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery under the current working state; and multiplying the instantaneous drop rate of the second electron concentration by the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery to obtain the heat generation power of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery.
In one embodiment, the second determining module 803 is specifically configured to:
multiplying the current working current intensity by the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery to obtain the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery.
The respective modules in the above-described heat generation power prediction apparatus may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and the internal structure thereof may be as shown in fig. 9. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless mode can be realized through WIFI, a mobile cellular network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of heat generation power prediction. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 9 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure associated with the present application and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present application applies, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor implementing the steps of the method embodiments described above when the computer program is executed.
In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method embodiments described above.
In an embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method embodiments described above.
It should be noted that, user information (including but not limited to user equipment information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, presented data, etc.) referred to in the present application are information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, high density embedded nonvolatile Memory, resistive random access Memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access Memory (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), ferroelectric Memory (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory, FRAM), phase change Memory (Phase Change Memory, PCM), graphene Memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory, and the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), and the like. The databases referred to in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of relational databases and non-relational databases. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processors referred to in the embodiments provided herein may be general purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic units, quantum computing-based data processing logic units, etc., without being limited thereto.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of heat generation power prediction, the method comprising:
acquiring the current temperature and the current working current intensity of a target battery in a current working state;
determining a first current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacitance of the target battery; the first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
Determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery; the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among the charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction;
predicting a second current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery;
The determining process of the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery comprises the following steps:
performing a first calorimetric test on the sample battery in a non-working state, and establishing a corresponding relation between heat generation power of a thermal side reaction and temperature based on a result of the first calorimetric test; the sample battery is a battery with the same material composition as the target battery;
performing a second calorimetric test on the sample battery under a plurality of working current intensities respectively, and establishing a corresponding relation between the heat generating power and the temperature of an electrode interface under each working current intensity based on the result of the second calorimetric test;
based on the working current intensity of the sample battery, the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the sample battery, the electrode interface resistance of the sample battery and the maximum rated capacitance of the sample battery, establishing a relational expression of the thermal power generated by the electrode interface, the thermal power generated by the thermal side reaction and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface;
and determining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature, the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the temperature under the working current intensity, and the relational expression between the heat generating power of the electrode interface and the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and calculating the heat generation power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current working current intensity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a first amperage of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery based on the current temperature and a maximum rated capacity of the target battery comprises:
according to the current temperature, calculating a first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery by adopting an electrode interface thermal side reaction dynamics model which is established in advance based on an Arrhenius equation and corresponds to the target battery; the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles participating in the electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
multiplying the maximum rated capacitance by the first electron concentration instantaneous drop rate to obtain the first current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery based on the second amperage, the maximum rated capacity, and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery comprises:
calculating the ratio of the second current intensity to the maximum rated capacitance to obtain the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery; the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate is the drop rate of the electron concentration in the electrode active material caused by the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
and multiplying the second electron concentration instantaneous drop rate by the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery to obtain the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the disturbance current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current operation current intensity and the electrode interface electro-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery comprises:
Multiplying the current working current intensity by an electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery to obtain an interference current intensity corresponding to the electrode interface electrochemical reaction of the target battery.
6. A heat generation power prediction apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the current temperature and the current working current intensity of the target battery in the current working state;
the first determining module is used for determining a first current intensity of an electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the current temperature and the maximum rated capacitance of the target battery; the first current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles participating in electrode interface thermal side reaction when the target battery is in a non-working state;
the second determining module is used for determining the interference current intensity corresponding to the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the current working current intensity and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface corresponding to the target battery; the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient represents the duty ratio of charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction when the target battery is in a working state; the interference current intensity represents the current intensity corresponding to the charged particles which can participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction among the charged particles which participate in the electrode interface electrochemical reaction;
The prediction module is used for predicting a second current intensity of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the first current intensity and the interference current intensity; the second current intensity is equivalent current intensity corresponding to the movement of charged particles which participate in the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery in the current working state;
the calculation module is used for calculating the heat generation power of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery according to the second current intensity, the maximum rated capacitance and the reaction enthalpy of the electrode interface thermal side reaction of the target battery;
the apparatus further comprises:
the first establishing module is used for carrying out a first calorimetric test on the sample battery in a non-working state and establishing a corresponding relation between heat generation power of a thermal side reaction and temperature based on a result of the first calorimetric test; the sample battery is a battery with the same material composition as the target battery;
the second establishing module is used for respectively carrying out a second calorimetric test on the sample battery under a plurality of working current intensities, and establishing the corresponding relation between the heat generating power and the temperature of the electrode interface under each working current intensity based on the result of the second calorimetric test;
The third establishing module is used for establishing a relational expression of the heat generating power of the electrode interface, the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient of the electrode interface based on the working current intensity of the sample battery, the reaction enthalpy of the thermal side reaction of the electrode interface of the sample battery, the electrode interface resistance of the sample battery and the maximum rated capacitance of the sample battery;
and the third determining module is used for determining the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient corresponding to the target battery based on the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the temperature, the corresponding relation between the heat generating power of the electrode interface under the working current intensity and the temperature and the relational expression between the heat generating power of the electrode interface, the heat generating power of the thermal side reaction and the electrode interface electric-thermal reaction coupling coefficient.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the heat generation power of the electrochemical reaction of the electrode interface of the target battery according to the electrode interface resistance of the target battery and the current working current intensity.
8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when the computer program is executed.
9. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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