CN115347660B - Special vehicle power supply system with standby power supply and method - Google Patents
Special vehicle power supply system with standby power supply and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115347660B CN115347660B CN202110515908.6A CN202110515908A CN115347660B CN 115347660 B CN115347660 B CN 115347660B CN 202110515908 A CN202110515908 A CN 202110515908A CN 115347660 B CN115347660 B CN 115347660B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a special vehicle power supply system with a standby power supply and a method thereof, which are characterized by further comprising a power supply distribution mechanism which is respectively connected with an original vehicle power supply mechanism and a special power supply mechanism through a DC-bus main loop, wherein an AC/DC conversion circuit, a battery pack and a special load are arranged in the special power supply mechanism; the special load is provided with an independent power supply switch connected with the DC-bus main loop, an emergency switch is arranged between the power supply distribution mechanism and the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a controller MCU capable of receiving ACC signals is arranged in the power supply distribution mechanism, the invention uses the generator, the storage battery, the external power grid power supply and the battery pack to form a four-stage backup power supply at the same time; based on monitoring the load power demand, reasonably controlling discharge, charge and energy recovery; and the charging connection control system is reasonably and electrically connected, so that the flameout working condition of the vehicle is realized, and the charging is activated.
Description
Technical field:
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle power supply, in particular to a special vehicle power supply system and method with a standby power supply, which can finish the switching of multiple scene power supply modes of a vehicle and work stably and reliably.
The background technology is as follows:
Special purpose vehicles for special purposes such as: livestock and poultry transport vechicle, car as a house, cold chain transport vechicle, ambulance, police command car, live body transport vechicle etc. owing to installed electrical load additional, the power consumption often is far more than former car power supply system's power supply capability, appears the heavy current deep discharge of battery when leading to using, destroys the electric balance of battery and former car distribution system. To solve this problem, such vehicles often require an additional battery pack or external ac power source as a power supply supplement to maintain the power balance. The additionally arranged battery pack or the alternating current power grid interface is used as a standby power supply to supply power to a special load, and is independent of an original vehicle power supply system, the power distribution balance of the original vehicle is effectively guaranteed by the power supply system framework, 4-level standby power can be realized, namely, a power supply system with the power grid alternating current connected externally, the additionally arranged battery pack, an original vehicle generator and an original vehicle storage battery which are mutually connected and the multi-power supply mode is switchable.
In addition, existing special vehicles often have a number of work restrictions on the driver during the work process, such as: the special vehicle has the working conditions of idling and load non-working when working, and the generator is generating electricity, but no load consumes electric energy, so that the generated electric energy is wasted, and the electric energy generated in the working conditions is required to be recovered.
The invention comprises the following steps:
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a special vehicle power supply system and a method with a standby power supply, which can realize power balance of power supply and load requirements, have stable and intelligent switching process and improve operation experience of a driver.
The invention can be achieved by the following measures:
the special vehicle power supply system with the standby power supply comprises an original vehicle power supply mechanism and a special power supply mechanism, wherein the original vehicle power supply mechanism comprises a storage battery (1), an original vehicle generator (2) and an original vehicle load, and is characterized by further comprising a power supply distribution mechanism (5) which is respectively connected with the original vehicle power supply mechanism and the special power supply mechanism through a DC-bus main loop (6), wherein the special power supply mechanism is internally provided with an AC/DC conversion circuit (10), a battery pack (15) and a special load (7); the special load (7) is provided with an independent power supply switch connected with the DC-bus main loop (6), an emergency switch is arranged between the power distribution mechanism (5) and the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a controller MCU capable of receiving ACC signals is arranged in the power distribution mechanism (5), and a first driving circuit, a second driving circuit and a CAN bus, which are respectively connected with the controller MCU, are used for driving switching devices connected to the DC-bus main loop (6), and are used for driving the switching devices of the special load (7).
In the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a storage battery (1) is connected with a generator (2), the control end of the generator (2) is connected with an original vehicle engine manager (3), and the anode of the storage battery (1) is connected with a DC-bus main loop.
The battery pack (15) in the special power supply mechanism is connected with the DC-bus main loop through the DC/DC circuit (11), the input end of the AC/DC conversion circuit in the special power supply mechanism is connected with the external alternating current power grid interface (14), and the special power supply mechanism is internally provided with a splitter connected with the DC-bus main loop (6) and used for providing power for more than two special loads (7); the special power supply mechanism is also provided with a DC/DC controller MCU and a battery pack BMS, wherein the DC/DC controller MCU is respectively connected with the DC/DC circuit (11) and the shunt, and the BMS is respectively connected with the battery pack (15) and the shunt; the DC/DC circuit (11) is characterized in that after a DC-bus main loop (6) collects DC signals, the DC signals are subjected to EMI isolation, filtering treatment, boosting/reducing treatment, filtering treatment, and then are sent into a battery pack after the EMI isolation, and the DC/DC circuit (11) can also realize primary side detection protection and secondary side detection protection through a controller MCU.
The special power supply mechanism is also provided with a DC/AC conversion circuit connected with the DC-bus main loop.
When the ignition key is turned to an OFF gear, the special load is turned OFF, when the ignition key is turned to ACC/ON, the special load is turned ON, the connection relation between the storage battery and the generator is unchanged, the storage battery plus electrode 20 is connected in parallel to the DC-bus, the DC-bus is in a main positive loop actually existing in a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM), the storage battery plus electrode is connected to a PDM interface of the power distribution mechanism, the anode output of the other end alternating current-direct current module (ACDC) is connected in parallel with the anode of a bidirectional DCDC circuit (DCDC), the MCU power supply of the bidirectional DCDC module (DCDC) and the BMS power supply of a battery pack are distributed by the power distribution mechanism PDM.
The invention also provides a special vehicle power supply method with the standby power supply, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the power supply of the external power grid is normal, if so, the external power grid is adopted as a power supply, otherwise, the step 2 is executed;
step 2: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the residual electric quantity of the battery pack is more than 5%, if yes, the battery pack is switched from a charging state to a power supply state, the system uses the battery pack as a backup power supply, otherwise, the step 3 is executed;
Step 3: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism detects whether the generator runs, if so, the power generated by the generator is increased, the generator is used as a backup power supply, and otherwise, the step 4 is executed; step 4: the storage battery is used as a backup power supply, and an alarm signal is output to prompt that the power failure risk exists.
The invention also comprises the judgment of the use scene of the vehicle, which is specifically as follows: acquiring generator rotation speed information and vehicle power supply gear through a CAN bus message and a vehicle ACC signal in a power supply distribution mechanism, acquiring battery pack capacity information through a CAN bus message of a battery management system BMS, and judging the use situation of the vehicle according to the acquired information, wherein when the ACC signal is high level, a power supply distribution mechanism PDM is activated and electrified to judge whether a main loop has a fault, if so, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on a DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power supply distribution mechanism is closed; if no fault exists, switching devices ES connected to a DC-bus main loop (6) in a power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, the power distribution mechanism works and controls a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU to be electrified and activated, whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is respectively judged, if the faults exist, a system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU are activated.
When the vehicle is used, after the external power grid interface is connected, the AC/DC outputs a charging connection signal to the power distribution mechanism PDM, the power distribution mechanism PDM is activated after receiving the charging connection signal, whether the main loop has a fault or not is judged, if the main loop has the fault, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, switching devices ES in the power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU are activated, then whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is judged respectively, if yes, the system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU are activated, meanwhile, the power distribution mechanism PDM judges whether a charging command is received or not, and if so, the DC/DC circuit is switched to a charging mode, and the battery pack is charged.
In the step 2 of the present invention, when the battery pack is used as a backup power source, the battery pack is switched between three working modes of charging, discharging and energy recovery according to the actual working conditions of the vehicle and the dedicated load, specifically:
Step 2-1: the dedicated load is turned on and, acquiring real-time power X of a special load;
step 2-2: if X is more than Z, the battery pack is in an output electric energy state to supplement the total power of a system power supply, if X is less than Y, the battery pack is in an energy recovery state to store the energy output by the generator, otherwise, the step 2-3 is executed, wherein Y is the minimum power generation power of the generator, and Z is the maximum power generation power of the generator;
step 2-3: judging whether the battery pack electric quantity is sufficient, wherein the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10% and is set as insufficient electric quantity, if the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10%, switching the system to the power supply of the generator, otherwise, switching the system to the battery pack power supply, reducing the power generated by the generator and saving the fuel.
The invention realizes the steps according to the priority limit: external power grid- > battery pack- > generator- > storage battery four-stage power supply system, and can be according to vehicle actual scene, for example: the battery pack has sufficient or insufficient electric quantity, the gear of the whole vehicle power supply is OFF/ACC/ON, the rotation speed of the generator and the presence or absence of an external power grid interface, so that the continuous and reliable power supply of the special load is realized. And controlling the automatic switching of the charge, discharge and energy recovery of the battery pack according to the power requirement of the load. And fault isolation between the original vehicle electricity and special electricity is realized. The activation switch of the special load for controlling the ignition key of the original vehicle is realized. And the activation of the charging function is controlled by the connection of an external power grid. The adaptation of the battery pack output and the original vehicle voltage requirement of a wider voltage range is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses the generator, the storage battery, the external power grid power supply and the battery pack to form a four-stage backup power supply; fault isolation between the special electric system and the original electric system; comprehensively acquiring a vehicle scene through the CAN signal and the digital signal, and judging the power management logic based on the scene; based on the usage scenario, reliable power management logic is employed; based on monitoring the load power demand, reasonably controlling discharge, charge and energy recovery; the reasonable electrical connection realizes the activation of the work of the special load controlled by the ignition key of the vehicle; and the vehicle flameout working condition is realized, and the charging connection control system is activated in charging.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of step 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a four-stage power supply in the system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the system power priority of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the flow of data collected by the system when determining the application scene of the vehicle in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the original vehicle power supply mechanism and the special power supply mechanism.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the power distribution mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the structure of the DC/DC circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating operation of the system of the present invention when the vehicle power supply is turned on.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the present invention with the vehicle power supply gear off and the external grid interface.
Reference numerals: the system comprises a storage battery (1), an original vehicle generator (2), an original vehicle engine manager EMS (3), an original vehicle ACC signal line (4), a power supply distribution mechanism (5), a DC-bus (6), a special load (7), a CAN bus (8), a DC/AC conversion circuit (9), an AC/DC conversion circuit (10), a DC/DC circuit (11), an AC power output interface (12), a charging signal line (13), an external AC power grid interface (14), a battery pack (15), a storage battery positive electrode (20), a power supply distribution mechanism (PDM) interface (21), a positive electrode output (23) of an AC-DC module, a positive electrode (24) of a bidirectional DCDC module, an MCU power supply interface (25), a management module BMS power supply (26) of the battery pack, a grounding end (27) of the power supply distribution mechanism PDM, a grounding end (28) of the DC/DC circuit, a grounding end (29) of the BMS and an AC/DC output ground (30).
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a special vehicle power supply system with a standby power supply, which comprises a primary vehicle power supply mechanism and a special power supply mechanism, wherein the primary vehicle power supply mechanism comprises a storage battery (1), a primary vehicle generator (2) and a primary vehicle load, and is characterized by further comprising a power distribution mechanism (5) which is respectively connected with the primary vehicle power supply mechanism and the special power supply mechanism through a DC-bus main loop (6), wherein the special power supply mechanism is internally provided with an AC/DC conversion circuit (10), a battery pack (15) and a special load (7); the special load (7) is provided with an independent power supply switch connected with the DC-bus main loop (6), an emergency switch is arranged between the power distribution mechanism (5) and the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a controller MCU capable of receiving ACC signals is arranged in the power distribution mechanism (5), and a first driving circuit, a second driving circuit and a CAN bus, which are respectively connected with the controller MCU, are used for driving switching devices connected to the DC-bus main loop (6), and are used for driving the switching devices of the special load (7).
In the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a storage battery (1) is connected with a generator (2), the control end of the generator (2) is connected with an original vehicle engine manager (3), and the anode of the storage battery (1) is connected with a DC-bus main loop.
The battery pack (15) in the special power supply mechanism is connected with the DC-bus main loop through the DC/DC circuit (11), the input end of the AC/DC conversion circuit in the special power supply mechanism is connected with the external alternating current power grid interface (14), and the special power supply mechanism is internally provided with a splitter connected with the DC-bus main loop (6) and used for providing power for more than two special loads (7); the special power supply mechanism is also provided with a DC/DC controller MCU and a battery pack BMS, wherein the DC/DC controller MCU is respectively connected with the DC/DC circuit (11) and the shunt, and the BMS is respectively connected with the battery pack (15) and the shunt; the DC/DC circuit (11) is characterized in that after a DC-bus main loop (6) collects DC signals, the DC signals are subjected to EMI isolation, filtering treatment, boosting/reducing treatment, filtering treatment, and then are sent into a battery pack after the EMI isolation, and the DC/DC circuit (11) can also realize primary side detection protection and secondary side detection protection through a controller MCU.
The special power supply mechanism is also provided with a DC/AC conversion circuit connected with the DC-bus main loop.
When the ignition key is turned to an OFF gear, the special load is turned OFF, when the ignition key is turned to ACC/ON, the special load is activated, the connection relation between the storage battery and the generator is unchanged, the storage battery plus electrode 20 is connected in parallel to the DC-bus, the DC-bus is in a main positive loop actually existing in a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM), the storage battery plus electrode is connected to a PDM interface of the power distribution mechanism, the anode output of the other end alternating current-direct current module (ACDC) is connected in parallel with the anode of a bidirectional DCDC circuit (DC/DC circuit), the MCU power supply of the bidirectional DCDC module (DC/DC circuit) and the BMS power supply of a battery pack are distributed by the power distribution mechanism PDM.
The invention also provides a special vehicle power supply method with the standby power supply, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the power supply of the external power grid is normal, if so, the external power grid is adopted as a power supply, otherwise, the step 2 is executed;
step 2: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the residual electric quantity of the battery pack is more than 5%, if yes, the battery pack is switched from a charging state to a power supply state, the system uses the battery pack as a backup power supply, otherwise, the step 3 is executed;
Step 3: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism detects whether the generator runs, if so, the power generated by the generator is increased, the generator is used as a backup power supply, and otherwise, the step 4 is executed; step 4: the storage battery is used as a backup power supply, and an alarm signal is output to prompt that the power failure risk exists.
The invention also comprises the judgment of the use scene of the vehicle, which is specifically as follows: acquiring generator rotation speed information and vehicle power supply gear through a CAN bus message and a vehicle ACC signal in a power supply distribution mechanism, acquiring battery pack capacity information through a CAN bus message of a battery management system BMS, and judging the use situation of the vehicle according to the acquired information, wherein when the ACC signal is high level, a power supply distribution mechanism PDM is activated and electrified to judge whether a main loop has a fault, if so, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on a DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power supply distribution mechanism is closed; if no fault exists, switching devices ES connected to a DC-bus main loop (6) in a power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, the power distribution mechanism works and controls a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU to be electrified and activated, whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is respectively judged, if the faults exist, a system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU are activated.
When the vehicle is used, after the external power grid interface is connected, the AC/DC outputs a charging connection signal to the power distribution mechanism PDM, the power distribution mechanism PDM is activated after receiving the charging connection signal, whether the main loop has a fault or not is judged, if the main loop has the fault, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, switching devices ES in the power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU are activated, then whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is judged respectively, if yes, the system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU are activated, meanwhile, the power distribution mechanism PDM judges whether a charging command is received or not, and if so, the DC/DC circuit is switched to a charging mode, and the battery pack is charged.
In the step 2 of the present invention, when the battery pack is used as a backup power source, the battery pack is switched between three working modes of charging, discharging and energy recovery according to the actual working conditions of the vehicle and the dedicated load, specifically:
Step 2-1: the dedicated load is turned on and, acquiring real-time power X of a special load;
step 2-2: if X is more than Z, the battery pack is in an output electric energy state to supplement the total power of a system power supply, if X is less than Y, the battery pack is in an energy recovery state to store the energy output by the generator, otherwise, the step 2-3 is executed, wherein Y is the minimum power generation power of the generator, and Z is the maximum power generation power of the generator;
step 2-3: judging whether the battery pack electric quantity is sufficient, wherein the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10% and is set as insufficient electric quantity, if the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10%, switching the system to the power supply of the generator, otherwise, switching the system to the battery pack power supply, reducing the power generated by the generator and saving the fuel.
Example 1:
The embodiment provides a special vehicle power supply system with a standby power supply, as shown in the accompanying drawings 1,3 and 5, the system comprises a storage battery (1), a primary vehicle generator (2), a primary vehicle Engine Management System (EMS) (3), a primary vehicle ACC signal wire (4), a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5), a special load (7), a CAN bus (8), a direct current-to-direct current module (DCAC) (9), an alternating current-to-direct current module (ACDC) (10), a bidirectional DCDC module (DCDC) (11), an external alternating current power grid interface (14), a charging signal wire (13), an alternating current power supply output interface (12) and a battery pack (15), wherein the storage battery (1), the generator (2), the battery pack (15) and the external alternating current power grid interface (14) are used as four power supply sources of the system;
The Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) manages the output of all special loads (7), monitors the load voltage and the total current in real time, and monitors the current as the calculation basis of the 4 th point load power on one hand and as the judgment basis of the load overcurrent or open circuit fault on the other hand;
The alternating current-direct current (ACDC) module (10) converts an alternating current power supply of an external alternating current power grid interface (14) into a voltage of DC bus to supply power to the system;
The bidirectional DCDC module (DCDC) (11) realizes a bidirectional conversion function, and when the system needs to charge the battery pack (15), the bidirectional DCDC module (DC/DC circuit) 11 converts the voltage of the DC bus into the charging voltage of the battery pack; when the system needs to discharge a battery pack (15), a bidirectional DCDC module (DC/DC circuit) (11) converts output voltage of the battery pack in a certain range into stable voltage of DC bus to supply power for the system;
The direct current-to-alternating current module (DC/AC) (9) converts the voltage of the DC bus into 220VAC to supply power to alternating current loads of the vehicle;
In this example, the Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) is a logic center for energy management of the whole system, receives working state information reported by the bidirectional DCDC module (DC/DC circuit) 11 and the battery pack (BMS) (15) through a CAN bus, receives vehicle generator information through a CAN bus (8), outputs a control command after judging, and executes a control logic for priority and energy management described later; the Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) is connected with the vehicle EMS (engine management unit) (3) through a CAN bus, receives a power gear signal and an engine speed signal of the vehicle, judges the ignition key switch state through a vehicle ACC signal, and judges whether the vehicle is connected with an external power grid or not through a digital signal output by an alternating current-direct current (ACDC) (10).
The Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) is connected between the special electrical system and the original vehicle electrical system to form two systems, the power distribution mechanism designs emergency switches on the DC bus main loop, each load is provided with an independent driving switch, faults of the special electrical system are monitored, power supply of the corresponding load is immediately disconnected when the faults of the single load occur, the emergency switches are immediately disconnected when the voltage of the DC bus is abnormal due to the special electrical faults, and the safety of the original vehicle electrical system is protected, wherein the process is shown in figure 1.
In this example, the ACDC is externally connected with an ac power grid, a battery pack, an original vehicle generator and a storage battery to form a four-stage power supply, the power supplies are output singly or simultaneously to form a DC-BUS, so that the power supply of a load can be ensured not to be interrupted as long as one power supply source outputs normally, and a user is timely reminded when a power failure risk occurs (for example, no external ac power supply interface exists, the battery pack is exhausted, and the generator stops running and only the storage battery supplies power at the moment), and the power supply system design is shown in fig. 4. The power supply priority of the four-level power supply is controlled by a system, and the priority is as follows: external power grid- > battery pack- > generator- > battery, as shown in fig. 5.
The logic for power management is based on a vehicle usage scenario that combines a variety of conditions including: the battery pack is sufficient or insufficient, the power supply of the whole vehicle is in gear OFF/ACC/ON, the rotation speed of the generator is high, an external power grid interface is arranged or not, and a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) needs to collect the combination of the above conditions for logic processing. The information acquisition method comprises the following steps: the Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) obtains whether an alternating current power supply is connected with the outside through a digital signal, obtains generator rotation speed information and vehicle power supply gear through a CAN bus message of an engine management unit (EMS) and a vehicle ACC signal, obtains battery pack electric quantity information through a CAN bus message of a Battery Management System (BMS), and comprehensively judges a vehicle use scene based on the information, as shown in fig. 6.
The detailed logic of the system power supply priority implementation is shown in fig. 2, and the risk of load outage only occurs when no external power grid is used for supplying power and the battery pack quantity is less than 5% and the generator does not operate, and then a storage battery is used as a backup power supply and alarm information is sent to remind a driver to take measures.
In the operation process of the generator, according to the actual working conditions of the vehicle and the added load, the automatic switching of the charging, discharging and energy recovery functions of the battery pack is realized, and the method is specifically shown in fig. 3:
As shown in fig. 7, the hardware design is divided into an original vehicle electric circuit and a special electric circuit, wherein the original vehicle electric circuit comprises an original vehicle power supply storage battery (1), a generator (2) and an original vehicle load; the special electric loop comprises an external power grid of a special electric power supply and a battery pack (15). The special electric loop and the original electric loop of the vehicle are connected through a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5), any one power supply output or several power supplies output simultaneously to form a DC BUS, and the load power supply can not be interrupted as long as one power supply source outputs normally. The switching function in the embodiments 3 and 4 is implemented by a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5), the detailed circuit design is as shown in fig. 9, and a switch chip with a diagnosis function is designed on the DC bus as an emergency switch ES, so that isolation diagnosis and emergency shutdown are performed on two paths of electricity. The original vehicle load and the special load are provided with independent driving switches, fault states of the two paths of electric systems are monitored, when a single load fault occurs, power supply of the corresponding load is immediately disconnected, and when DC bus voltage is abnormal due to the special electric fault, the ES emergency switch is immediately disconnected, so that safety of the original vehicle electric system is protected.
The activation of the dedicated device in this example is controlled by the vehicle ignition key, the dedicated load being turned OFF when the ignition key is turned OFF and activated when the ignition key is turned ON to ACC/ON. The connection relation between the storage battery 1 and the generator 2 is unchanged, the storage battery anode (20) is connected in parallel to the DC bus, the DC bus is in a main positive loop actually existing in a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5), the storage battery anode (20) is connected to a Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) interface (21), the anode output (23) of the other end alternating current-direct current module (ACDC) (10) and the anode (24) of the bidirectional DCDC module (DCDC) 11 are connected in parallel, the storage battery anode is connected to the Power Distribution Mechanism (PDM) (5) interface (22), and the MCU power supply (25) of the bidirectional DCDC module (DCDC) and the management module BMS power supply (26) of the battery pack are distributed by the PDM. (27) (28) and (29) are respectively the power supply ground terminals of the MCU PDM, DCDC, BMS, and the ACDC output ground (30) is connected with the vehicle ground, and the specific connection mode is shown in figure 10. The specific structure of the DC/DC circuit module is shown in FIG. 11.
When the vehicle power supply gear is on (ACC signal high level), the PDM is directly activated, so that the battery pack is activated to charge, and the system activation flow is shown in figure 12; when the vehicle power supply gear is OFF (ACC signal low level), the external connection power grid interface can activate the battery pack to charge, and the system activation flow is shown in fig. 12.
The invention realizes the steps according to the priority limit: external power grid- > battery pack- > generator- > storage battery four-stage power supply system, and can be according to vehicle actual scene, for example: the battery pack has sufficient or insufficient electric quantity, the gear of the whole vehicle power supply is OFF/ACC/ON, the rotation speed of the generator and the presence or absence of an external power grid interface, so that the continuous and reliable power supply of the special load is realized. And controlling the automatic switching of the charge, discharge and energy recovery of the battery pack according to the power requirement of the load. And fault isolation between the original vehicle electricity and special electricity is realized. The activation switch of the special load for controlling the ignition key of the original vehicle is realized. And the activation of the charging function is controlled by the connection of an external power grid. The adaptation of the battery pack output and the original vehicle voltage requirement of a wider voltage range is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses the generator, the storage battery, the external power grid power supply and the battery pack to form a four-stage backup power supply; fault isolation between the special electric system and the original electric system; comprehensively acquiring a vehicle scene through the CAN signal and the digital signal, and judging the power management logic based on the scene; based on the usage scenario, reliable power management logic is employed; based on monitoring the load power demand, reasonably controlling discharge, charge and energy recovery; the reasonable electrical connection realizes the activation of the work of the special load controlled by the ignition key of the vehicle; and the vehicle flameout working condition is realized, and the charging connection control system is activated in charging.
Claims (4)
1. A method for powering a dedicated vehicle having a backup power source, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the power supply of the external power grid is normal, if so, the external power grid is adopted as a power supply, otherwise, the step 2 is executed;
step 2: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism judges whether the residual electric quantity of the battery pack is more than 5%, if yes, the battery pack is switched from a charging state to a power supply state, the system uses the battery pack as a backup power supply, otherwise, the step 3 is executed;
Step 3: the controller MCU in the power distribution mechanism detects whether the generator runs, if so, the power generated by the generator is increased, the generator is used as a backup power supply, and otherwise, the step 4 is executed;
step 4: the storage battery is used as a backup power supply, and an alarm signal is output to prompt that the power failure risk exists;
The method also comprises the judgment of the use scene of the vehicle, and specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring generator rotation speed information and vehicle power supply gear through a CAN bus message and a vehicle ACC signal in a power supply distribution mechanism, acquiring battery pack capacity information through a CAN bus message of a battery management system BMS, and judging the use situation of the vehicle according to the acquired information, wherein when the ACC signal is high level, a power supply distribution mechanism PDM is activated and electrified to judge whether a main loop has a fault, if so, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on a DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power supply distribution mechanism is closed; if no fault exists, switching devices ES connected to a DC-bus main loop (6) in a power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, the power distribution mechanism works and controls a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU to be electrified and activated, whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is respectively judged, if the faults exist, a system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, activating a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU;
When the vehicle is used, after the external power grid interface is connected, the AC/DC outputs a charging connection signal to the power distribution mechanism PDM, the power distribution mechanism PDM is activated after receiving the charging connection signal, whether the main loop has a fault or not is judged, if the main loop has the fault, the system reports the fault, a switching device ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) is disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, switching devices ES in the power distribution mechanism PDM are closed, a DC/DC circuit and a battery pack MCU are activated, then whether the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU have faults or not is judged respectively, if yes, the system reports the faults, the switching devices ES on the DC-bus main loop (6) are disconnected, and the power distribution mechanism is closed; otherwise, activating the DC/DC circuit and the battery pack MCU, and judging whether a charging command is received by the power distribution mechanism PDM, if so, switching the DC/DC circuit to a charging mode, and charging the battery pack;
In the step 2, when the battery pack is used as a backup power source, the battery pack is switched in three working modes of charging, discharging and energy recovery according to the actual working conditions of the vehicle and the special load, specifically:
Step 2-1: the dedicated load is turned on and, acquiring real-time power X of a special load;
step 2-2: if X is more than Z, the battery pack is in an output electric energy state to supplement the total power of a system power supply, if X is less than Y, the battery pack is in an energy recovery state to store the energy output by the generator, otherwise, the step 2-3 is executed, wherein Y is the minimum power generation power of the generator, and Z is the maximum power generation power of the generator;
Step 2-3: judging whether the battery pack electric quantity is sufficient, wherein the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10% and is set as insufficient electric quantity, if the battery pack residual electric quantity is less than 10%, switching the system to the power supply of the generator, otherwise, switching the system to the battery pack power supply, reducing the power generated by the generator and saving the fuel.
2. A special vehicle power supply system based on the special vehicle power supply method with the standby power supply according to claim 1, comprising a primary vehicle power supply mechanism and a special power supply mechanism, wherein the primary vehicle power supply mechanism comprises a storage battery (1), a primary vehicle generator (2) and a primary vehicle load, and is characterized by further comprising a power distribution mechanism (5) which is respectively connected with the primary vehicle power supply mechanism and the special power supply mechanism through a DC-bus main loop (6), wherein the special power supply mechanism is provided with an AC/DC conversion circuit (10), a battery pack (15) and a special load (7); the special load (7) is provided with an independent power supply switch connected with the DC-bus main loop (6), an emergency switch is arranged between the power distribution mechanism (5) and the original vehicle power supply mechanism, a controller MCU capable of receiving ACC signals is arranged in the power distribution mechanism (5), and a first driving circuit, a second driving circuit and a CAN bus are respectively connected with the controller MCU and used for driving switching devices connected to the DC-bus main loop (6); the storage battery (1) in the original vehicle power supply mechanism is connected with the generator (2), the control end of the generator (2) is connected with the original vehicle engine manager EMS (3), and the anode of the storage battery (1) is connected with the DC-bus main loop.
3. A special vehicle power supply system based on the special vehicle power supply method with standby power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that a battery pack (15) in the special power supply mechanism is connected with a DC-bus main loop through a DC/DC circuit (11), the input end of an AC/DC conversion circuit in the special power supply mechanism is connected with an external alternating current network interface (14), and a splitter connected with the DC-bus main loop (6) is arranged in the special power supply mechanism and is used for providing power for more than two special loads (7); the special power supply mechanism is also provided with a DC/DC controller MCU and a battery pack BMS, wherein the DC/DC controller MCU is respectively connected with the DC/DC circuit (11) and the shunt, and the BMS is respectively connected with the battery pack (15) and the shunt; the DC/DC circuit (11) is characterized in that after a DC-bus main loop (6) collects DC signals, the DC signals are subjected to EMI isolation, filtering treatment, boosting/reducing treatment, filtering treatment, and then are sent into a battery pack after the EMI isolation, and the DC/DC circuit (11) can also realize primary side detection protection and secondary side detection protection through a controller MCU.
4. A special purpose vehicle power supply system according to claim 2, based on the special purpose vehicle power supply method with a backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the special purpose power supply mechanism is further provided with a DC/AC conversion circuit connected to the DC-bus main loop.
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| CN103600664B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-09-30 | 东风小康汽车有限公司重庆分公司 | For power distribution management system and the management process of electronic power source special car |
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