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CN115323122B - Laser quenching processing method for martensitic stainless steel knife edge - Google Patents

Laser quenching processing method for martensitic stainless steel knife edge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115323122B
CN115323122B CN202210854222.4A CN202210854222A CN115323122B CN 115323122 B CN115323122 B CN 115323122B CN 202210854222 A CN202210854222 A CN 202210854222A CN 115323122 B CN115323122 B CN 115323122B
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Prior art keywords
quenching
stainless steel
martensitic stainless
laser
knife
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CN115323122A (en
Inventor
吴旭浩
徐乐
叶方焕
苏忠博
余乐聪
陈涛
杨明烨
夏森森
刘子健
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Zhejiang Jiuxuan Optoelectronics Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Jiuxuan Optoelectronics Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser quenching processing method for a martensitic stainless steel table knife edge, which is provided with a martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism and is characterized in that one side of the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism is respectively provided with an oxidation laser head and a quenching laser head, an infrared temperature control device is arranged on the quenching laser head, when the martensitic stainless steel table knife is conveyed to an oxidation station through the conveying and positioning mechanism, the martensitic stainless steel table knife edge is subjected to light emitting through the oxidation laser head, the edge part is subjected to oxidation processing, and then when the martensitic stainless steel table knife is conveyed to the quenching station through the quenching laser head, the martensitic stainless steel table knife edge is subjected to constant-temperature quenching processing. The processing method ensures that the cutting edge reaches a constant quenching temperature, improves the hardness index without fluctuation during batch processing of the cutting edge of the table knife, and improves the hardness of the cutting edge of the table knife and the stability of the product quality.

Description

Laser quenching processing method for martensitic stainless steel knife edge
The invention relates to a quenching method for a martensitic stainless steel knife edge, in particular to a laser quenching processing method for the martensitic stainless steel knife edge.
Background
In order to improve the strength of the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife needs to be quenched, and at present, the conventional mesh belt furnace ammonia decomposition bright quenching method is generally adopted, so that the mesh belt furnace ammonia decomposition bright quenching has the problems of high energy consumption, environmental pollution, high labor intensity of workers, poor working environment and the like, and therefore, a customer proposes whether a laser quenching method can be adopted for strengthening. Quenching is a phase change strengthening process of materials at a specific temperature, and each material meets the specific quenching temperature and cooling speed requirements to ensure the hardness. The laser quenching is also called laser phase transformation strengthening, the temperature of the metal surface is increased to be above a phase transformation point at a very fast speed under the irradiation of a laser beam, and the metal material is rapidly cooled by self conduction after leaving an irradiation area to achieve martensite phase transformation hardening. Therefore, the realization of constant quenching temperature and cooling speed are key factors for ensuring the quality of the laser quenching product. Under the economic tide of double carbon, the application of laser as a green energy-saving heat treatment mode is a main development direction in the future.
The low laser absorptivity of martensitic stainless steel is always one of the difficulties in laser strengthening the cutting edge of food-grade cutters. The laser absorptivity of martensitic stainless steel is only 10-15%, and the absorptivity is very variable due to the different surface finish of the knife blank, so that in order to solve the problems, a method of spraying light-absorbing paint on the surface or oxidizing the martensitic stainless steel knife blank by a heat treatment furnace is generally adopted, so that the light absorptivity of the knife blank is basically consistent. The light absorbing material is sprayed on the surface, so that the working procedures are increased, the cost is increased, and the paint has certain pollution; the energy consumption is not reduced and the cost is increased by oxidizing the martensitic stainless steel knife blank by adopting the heat treatment furnace; the original proposal of the technical personnel in the field is that laser quenching is immediately carried out after oxidation is carried out by adopting laser, if the oxidation speed is high during oxidation, the oxidation effect is unstable, if the oxidation speed is low, the temperature of the oxidized cutter blank is high, as the laser quenching is carried out by means of conduction and rapid cooling of a metal material to achieve the martensitic transformation hardening process, the excessive cutter blank temperature leads to formation of a large amount of semi-martensitic structures due to insufficient cooling speed during quenching, and the quenching hardness can not meet the requirement.
The traditional laser quenching mode is to quench materials by controlling the laser output power, but the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel knife is arc-shaped, and the thicknesses of the cutting edge are different, so that the difference of heat conduction conditions of the cutting edge is larger, the workpiece is melted due to the fact that the same power is adopted, different laser powers are required to be arranged in different quenching areas, and the technological difficulty is larger when the knife type is replaced. In engineering practice, due to the material problems of thickness, surface finish, surface pollution degree, material components of different batches and the like of the martensitic stainless steel knife blank, and external factors of laser output power fluctuation, laser power attenuation, environmental temperature and humidity change and the like, quality problems of large hardness fluctuation, surface burning loss and the like of a martensitic stainless steel knife laser quenching finished product can be caused, and the consistency of product performance is poor, so that the quality of the batch processed product cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects existing in the background technology, the invention aims to solve the problems of high hardness stability, high consistency, good cutting edge strength and low cost of a large number of continuous laser quenching machining.
For this purpose, the invention is realized by the following way: a laser quenching processing method for a martensitic stainless steel table knife cutting edge is provided with a martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism and is characterized in that one side of the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism is respectively provided with an oxidation laser head and a quenching laser head, the quenching laser head is provided with an infrared temperature control device, when the martensitic stainless steel table knife is conveyed to an oxidation station through the conveying and positioning mechanism, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife is exposed through the oxidation laser head, the cutting edge part is subjected to oxidation processing, and then when the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism conveys the martensitic stainless steel table knife to the quenching station, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife is exposed through the quenching laser head, and the cutting edge is subjected to constant-temperature quenching processing.
The infrared temperature control device consists of an infrared temperature probe and a temperature controller, wherein the infrared temperature probe is connected with the temperature controller, the temperature controller is connected with a power control port of a laser connected with the laser head for quenching, the infrared temperature probe sends an electric signal corresponding to the measured actual temperature to the temperature controller during quenching, the temperature controller controls the power output of the laser in a negative feedback mode according to the preset quenching temperature, and the control period of the temperature controller and the laser power negative feedback is matched with the moving speed of the martensitic stainless steel knife during quenching, so that the martensitic stainless steel knife edge is always maintained within a set quenching temperature range during quenching, and the quenching processing of the martensitic stainless steel knife edge is realized.
And the infrared light of the infrared temperature control device is coaxial with the laser light path of the laser head for quenching.
The laser head for oxidation and the laser head for quenching are arranged on the same set of three-dimensional linear module, and the oxidation process and the quenching process are synchronously carried out on different stations.
An auxiliary cooling device is arranged between the laser head for oxidization and the laser head for quenching, and the martensitic stainless steel table knife is cooled between an oxidization station and a quenching station of the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism.
The martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism comprises a frame, a material receiving table which moves up and down and left and right is arranged on the frame, a supporting table is arranged on the frame, material moving devices which synchronously move up and down and left and right are arranged on two sides of the supporting table, a clamping assembly used for clamping and positioning a table knife is arranged on the material moving devices, and laser heads of a laser for oxidation and a laser for quenching are located above the clamping assembly.
The material moving device comprises a frame plate, limiting columns are uniformly arranged on the frame plate, a table knife placing groove is formed at the interval position between the two limiting columns, a corresponding slide bar is arranged below the frame plate and matched with a guide rail, a sliding cylinder is arranged on the slide bar, and the frame plate is arranged on a piston rod of the sliding cylinder.
The processing method of the invention adopts the steps of oxidizing and quenching firstly, the absorptivity of the martensitic stainless steel knife quenching area to laser is basically consistent in the first step of oxidizing process, stable light absorption conditions are provided for the subsequent constant-temperature quenching, the cooling device can rapidly diffuse heat generated in the oxidizing process, the temperature of the knife blank is reduced, lower matrix temperature is provided for the subsequent laser quenching, the cooling speed in the laser quenching is improved, the quenching hardness is ensured, the temperature of the cutting edge is ensured to reach the designated phase change temperature through the negative feedback control of the temperature and the power in the third step of constant-temperature quenching, on one hand, the material is prevented from being melted, and on the other hand, the quenching through performance of the cutting edge is ensured. The processing method ensures that the hardness index is not fluctuated by materials and external environmental factors during batch processing of the martensitic stainless steel knife edges, greatly improves the stability of the hardness of the martensitic stainless steel knife edges and the product quality, ensures that the strength of the martensitic stainless steel knife edges after processing can meet the requirements, and has high consistency after processing. The method has good matching property for materials with different thicknesses, has good adaptability to environmental changes, breaks through the bottleneck of the laser quenching technology in the industrial application of the martensitic stainless steel knife edge reinforcement, and has the advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection and strong material adaptability.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a martensitic stainless steel knife delivery positioning mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the output power of the quenching laser and the measured temperature of the temperature controller according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, the laser quenching processing method for the martensitic stainless steel knife cutting edge is provided with a martensitic stainless steel knife conveying and positioning mechanism, one side of the martensitic stainless steel knife conveying and positioning mechanism is respectively provided with an oxidation laser head 2 and a quenching laser head 3, the quenching laser head is provided with an infrared temperature control device coaxial with a laser path, when the martensitic stainless steel knife is conveyed to an oxidation station through the conveying and positioning mechanism, the martensitic stainless steel knife cutting edge is exposed through the oxidation laser head, the oxidation processing is carried out on the cutting edge part, and then when the martensitic stainless steel knife conveying and positioning mechanism conveys the martensitic stainless steel knife to the quenching station, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel knife is exposed through the quenching laser head, and the constant-temperature quenching processing is carried out on the cutting edge. The infrared temperature control device consists of an infrared temperature probe and a temperature controller 11, wherein the infrared temperature probe is connected with the temperature controller 11, the temperature controller 11 is connected with a power control port of a laser for quenching laser head 3, an electric signal corresponding to the measured actual temperature is sent to the temperature controller 11 by the infrared temperature probe during quenching, the temperature controller 11 controls the power output of the laser in a negative feedback mode according to preset quenching temperature, the control period of the temperature controller 11 and the laser power negative feedback is matched with the moving speed of a martensitic stainless steel knife during quenching, the temperature of the upper surface and the lower surface of the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel knife is guaranteed to be high enough to reach the phase transition temperature, meanwhile, the phenomenon of surface melting is avoided, and the hardenability and hardness of the cutting edge are guaranteed. The cutting edge of the stainless steel knife of the Shimadzui body is always maintained within the set quenching temperature range in the quenching process, so as to realize the quenching processing of the cutting edge of the stainless steel knife of the martensite.
In the embodiment, the cutting edge of the steak knife of the 420 martensite stainless steel is quenched, the set quenching temperature is 1060 ℃, the negative feedback control period is 1ms, the output power of the laser reaches 95% of rated power at the beginning of quenching, the laser output power continuously adjusts and fluctuates between 35% and 47% of rated power in the quenching process, and the temperature of the surface of the material is maintained in the range of 1060+/-1%.
In this embodiment, a high-speed air curtain auxiliary cooling device 12 is arranged between the oxidation laser head and the quenching laser head, and the martensitic stainless steel table knife is cooled between an oxidation station and a quenching station of the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism. The high-speed air curtain can enable heat generated in the oxidation process to be rapidly diffused, the temperature of a cutter blank is reduced, a lower substrate temperature is provided for subsequent laser quenching, and the cooling speed in the laser quenching process is improved, so that the quenching hardness is ensured.
The laser head for oxidation and the laser head for quenching are arranged on the same set of three-dimensional linear module, and the oxidation process and the quenching process are synchronously carried out on different stations so as to improve the processing efficiency.
The martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism comprises a frame 1, a material receiving table 4 which moves up and down and left and right is arranged on the frame 1, a supporting table 5 is arranged on the frame 1, material moving devices 6 which synchronously move up and down and left and right are arranged on two sides of the supporting table 5, a clamping assembly 7 for clamping and positioning a table knife is arranged on the material moving devices 6, and a laser head 2 for oxidation and a laser head 3 for quenching are arranged above the clamping assembly 7.
The material moving device 6 comprises a frame plate 61, wherein limit posts 62 are uniformly arranged on the frame plate 61, a table knife placing groove 63 is formed at the interval position between the two limit posts 62, a corresponding slide bar 65 is arranged below the frame plate 61, the slide bar 65 is matched with a guide rail, a sliding cylinder 64 is arranged on the slide bar 65, and the frame plate 61 is arranged on a piston rod of the sliding cylinder 64.
The martensitic stainless steel table knife is placed on the receiving table 4, the material moving device 6 is lifted to lift the martensitic stainless steel table knife 13, then moves towards the direction of the supporting table 5 and is placed on the supporting table, meanwhile, the martensitic stainless steel table knife 13 on the supporting table is placed in the placing groove 63 and moves forwards, the martensitic stainless steel table knife can be clamped after being lifted to the clamping component 7, the martensitic stainless steel table knife cutting edge is oxidized by the laser head 2 for oxidation, the material moving device 6 is used for moving and oxidizing the martensitic stainless steel table knife one by one in a 'back' shape movement, the material moving device 6 is provided with two groups, after the martensitic stainless steel table knife is moved to the position of the laser head 2 for oxidation by the first group of material moving devices, the material moving device is connected and then is used for moving by the second group of material moving devices, in the process of being connected, the auxiliary cooling device 12 cools down the martensitic stainless steel table knife, when the oxidized martensitic stainless steel table knife is moved to the position of the quenching laser head 3 for quenching, the martensitic stainless steel table knife is rapidly quenched by the second material moving device, the temperature reaches a set temperature, and then the processing of the martensitic stainless steel table knife cutting edge is completed after the quenching step is completed.

Claims (6)

1. A laser quenching processing method for the cutting edge of a martensitic stainless steel table knife is characterized in that an oxidation laser head and a quenching laser head are respectively arranged on one side of the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism, an infrared temperature control device is arranged on the quenching laser head, when the martensitic stainless steel table knife passes through the conveying and positioning mechanism and is conveyed to an oxidation station, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife is exposed through the oxidation laser head, the cutting edge part is subjected to oxidation processing, then when the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism conveys the martensitic stainless steel table knife to a quenching station, the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife is exposed through the quenching laser head, the constant-temperature quenching processing is carried out on the cutting edge, the infrared temperature control device is composed of an infrared temperature probe and a temperature controller, the infrared temperature probe is connected with the temperature controller, the temperature controller is connected with a laser power control port of the quenching laser head, when the infrared temperature probe sends an electric signal corresponding to the measured actual temperature to the temperature controller, the temperature controller is set in advance, the temperature controller is used for carrying out the negative-feedback quenching processing on the cutting edge of the martensitic stainless steel table knife, and the temperature controller is set in a negative-temperature controller, and the temperature controller is always controlled in a negative-feedback mode, and the temperature controller is used for the quenching processing is used for the martensitic stainless steel, and the temperature is always in a high-cycle mode of the quenching is set, and the temperature is used for the quenching processing is in a high-cycle mode, and the temperature is used for the quenching is always and the quenching temperature controller is used, and the temperature is used for the quenching temperature is in the quenching mode.
2. The laser quenching processing method of the martensitic stainless steel knife edge according to claim 1, characterized in that the infrared light of the infrared temperature control device is coaxial with the laser light path of the quenching laser head.
3. The laser quenching process of martensitic stainless steel knife edge according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxidizing laser head and the quenching laser head are mounted on the same set of three-dimensional linear modules, and the oxidizing process and the quenching process are performed synchronously at different stations.
4. The laser quenching processing method for the martensitic stainless steel knife cutting edge according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary cooling device is arranged between the oxidation laser head and the quenching laser head, and the martensitic stainless steel knife is cooled between an oxidation station and a quenching station of the martensitic stainless steel knife conveying and positioning mechanism.
5. The laser quenching processing method of the martensitic stainless steel table knife cutting edge according to claim 1, wherein the martensitic stainless steel table knife conveying and positioning mechanism comprises a frame, a material receiving table which moves up and down and left and right is arranged on the frame, a supporting table is arranged on the frame, material moving devices which move up and down and left and right synchronously are arranged on two sides of the supporting table, a clamping assembly for clamping and positioning a table knife is arranged on the material moving devices, and laser heads of the oxidizing laser and the quenching laser are arranged above the clamping assembly.
6. The laser quenching process of martensitic stainless steel knife edge as claimed in claim 5, wherein the material moving device comprises a frame plate, spacing columns are uniformly arranged on the frame plate, knife placing grooves are formed at intervals between the two spacing columns, corresponding sliding strips are arranged below the frame plate and matched with a guide rail, sliding cylinders are arranged on the sliding strips, and the frame plate is mounted on a piston rod of the sliding cylinders.
CN202210854222.4A 2022-07-20 2022-07-20 Laser quenching processing method for martensitic stainless steel knife edge Active CN115323122B (en)

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CN115323122B true CN115323122B (en) 2024-10-22

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1062003A (en) * 1991-10-21 1992-06-17 上海工程技术大学 The heat treatment of medium carbon steel cutter
JP2010013719A (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-21 Jtekt Corp Laser-beam irradiation heat-treatment method

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08291322A (en) * 1995-04-19 1996-11-05 Jatco Corp Laser hardening method
CN102094111A (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-15 北京大陆天瑞激光工程技术有限公司 Bar hot shear blade laser-quenching manufacturing process
JP5871230B2 (en) * 2011-12-27 2016-03-01 公立大学法人 滋賀県立大学 Tool having a cutting edge part, manufacturing method of a tool having a cutting edge part, and manufacturing method of a tool manufacturing intermediate having a cutting edge part
CN111286596A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-16 浙江久恒光电科技有限公司 Quenching strengthening process for cutting edge of thin blade
CN216427357U (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-05-03 浙江久恒光电科技有限公司 Conveying and positioning mechanism of table knife quenching equipment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1062003A (en) * 1991-10-21 1992-06-17 上海工程技术大学 The heat treatment of medium carbon steel cutter
JP2010013719A (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-21 Jtekt Corp Laser-beam irradiation heat-treatment method

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