CN115307147A - Stale refuse coupling household refuse treatment device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a stale refuse coupling domestic refuse treatment device and a stale refuse coupling domestic refuse treatment method, wherein the stale refuse coupling domestic refuse treatment device comprises the following steps: domestic waste treatment mechanism includes: an incinerator; the evaporator is connected with the incinerator and used for exchanging heat between water and the flue gas to form saturated steam; stale refuse treatment mechanism comprising: the gasification furnace is used for generating gasification reaction of the aged garbage under the action of water vapor and hot air to generate new gasification gas; the heat exchanger is connected with the gasification furnace and the evaporator and is used for exchanging heat between saturated steam generated by the evaporator and gasified gas generated by the gasification furnace to form superheated steam; the water vapor generator is connected with the heat exchanger and the gasification furnace and used for heating water by using the superheated steam sent by the heat exchanger to form water vapor, and the water vapor is sent to the gasification furnace; and the air heater is connected with the heat exchanger, the gasification furnace and the incinerator and used for exchanging heat between the gasified gas sent by the heat exchanger and the air to form hot air, the hot air is sent into the gasification furnace, and the gasified gas is sent into the incinerator. The invention deeply couples the stale refuse treatment with the domestic refuse incineration treatment.

Description

A treatment device and method for stale waste coupled with domestic waste

technical field

The invention belongs to waste incineration treatment technology, and more specifically relates to a treatment device and method for stale waste coupled with domestic waste.

Background technique

Most of the existing stale waste treatment methods are to directly enter the waste incinerator for incineration, but the content of ash in the stale waste is relatively high, and it is easy to produce a large amount of fly ash, which will have a huge impact on the flue gas purification part of the waste incineration process system; At the same time, the current waste incineration system is almost running at full capacity. If old waste is mixed with waste, it will inevitably require the waste incinerator to operate at overload, which will shorten the life of the waste incinerator.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a treatment device and method for stale waste coupled with domestic waste to reduce the impact of stale waste directly into a furnace for incineration on equipment.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A treatment device for stale waste coupled with domestic waste, comprising:

Household waste disposal agencies, including:

The incinerator is used to pass through domestic garbage, gasification gas and air for incineration to generate flue gas;

The domestic waste disposal organization also includes:

An evaporator, connected to the incinerator, is used to exchange heat between water and the flue gas to form saturated steam;

Stale waste disposal agencies, including:

The gasification furnace is used to feed stale garbage, hot air, water vapor and gasification gas. The gasification gas is burned in the gasification furnace, and the stale waste is gasified under the action of water vapor and hot air to generate new vaporized gas;

A heat exchanger, connected to the gasifier and the evaporator, is used to exchange heat between the saturated steam generated by the evaporator and the gasification gas generated by the gasifier to form superheated steam;

A steam generator, connected to the heat exchanger and the gasifier, used to use the superheated steam sent by the heat exchanger to heat water to form water vapor, and the water vapor is sent to the gasifier;

The air heater is connected to the heat exchanger, the gasification furnace and the incinerator, and is used to exchange heat between the gasification gas fed into the heat exchanger and the air to form hot air, and the hot air is fed into In the gasification furnace, the gasification gas is sent into the incinerator.

Further, the domestic waste disposal institution also includes:

A superheater, connected to the evaporator, is used to heat saturated steam through flue gas to generate superheated steam;

A steam turbine, connected to the superheater, is driven to rotate by superheated steam, and the steam turbine is used to connect to a generator to generate electricity;

The economizer is connected to the superheater and the evaporator, and is used to heat water through flue gas, and the heated water is sent to the evaporator.

Further, the domestic waste disposal institution also includes:

The deaerator is connected to the steam generator, the steam turbine and the economizer, and the condensed water formed by the cooling of the superheated steam in the saturated steam and the condensed water formed by the cooling of the superheated steam in the steam turbine are deoxygenated and then passed into the economizer.

The present invention also provides a treatment method for stale garbage coupled with domestic garbage, including:

S1: Household garbage, gasification gas and air are passed into the garbage incinerator to incinerate to produce flue gas;

S2: Stale garbage, hot air, water vapor, and gasification gas are passed into the gasification furnace, and the gasification gas is burned in the gasification furnace. The stale garbage undergoes gasification reaction under the action of water vapor and hot air to generate new gas. gas;

S3: Repeat S1 and S2, use the flue gas generated in S1 to heat water to form steam for the gasification furnace, use the gasification gas generated in S2 to heat air to form hot air for the gasifier, and use the gas generated in S2 The gasified gas is used by the garbage incinerator.

Further, the flue gas is sequentially processed through the evaporator, superheater, economizer, and flue gas purification system, and then discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney; the flue gas exchanges heat with water in the evaporator to form saturated steam, and a part of the saturated steam Enter the superheater for further heating, generate superheated steam and send it to the steam turbine for power generation, and the other part of the saturated steam enters the heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the gasification gas generated in S2 to generate superheated steam, and sends the superheated steam to the steam generator The water is heated to generate water vapor which enters the gasifier.

Further, the gasification gas generated in S2 is sent to the heat exchanger to exchange heat with saturated steam to generate superheated steam, then the gasification gas is cooled and sent to the air heater to exchange heat with the air to form hot air, and the gasification after further cooling The gas is sent to the waste incinerator.

Further, the steam after working in the steam turbine is sent to the condenser to be condensed into water, and then deoxidized by the deaerator, then sent to the economizer for heat exchange with the flue gas, and then sent to the steam drum, and the water in the steam drum Entering the evaporator, the steam in the drum is sent to the superheater or heat exchanger.

Further, the condensed water in the steam generator is sent to the deaerator for deoxygenation, then sent to the economizer for heat exchange with the flue gas, and then sent to the steam drum.

Beneficial effect

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The stale waste treatment process is deeply coupled with the domestic waste incineration treatment process, and only a small amount of equipment needs to be added to share the flue gas purification system;

(2) Stale garbage does not directly enter the garbage incinerator, which will not shorten the life of the existing garbage incinerator equipment;

(3) Using gasification to treat stale garbage can effectively reduce the smoke and dust content in the generated flue gas (gasification gas in this application), without affecting the processing capacity of the flue gas purification system;

(4) The gasification temperature is lower than the incineration temperature. The heavy metals, Na, K and other elements in the old garbage will not be entrained by the gasification gas, but will remain in the bottom slag, which will not affect the comprehensive utilization of the subsequent bottom slag and will not affect The impact of the flue gas purification system in the waste incineration treatment;

(5) The two sets of processes have a high degree of coupling in terms of matter and energy, but they are easy to decouple. If the stale waste is disposed of, the entire stale waste treatment process can be discarded without affecting the domestic waste incineration process;

(6) The process parameters can be designed according to the daily processing capacity of stale waste without considering the overload capacity of the existing waste incineration system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an old waste coupled domestic waste treatment device in this embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the stale waste disposal mechanism in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the domestic waste disposal mechanism in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figures 1-3, the present invention provides an old garbage coupled household garbage treatment device, which includes a domestic garbage treatment mechanism and an old garbage treatment mechanism.

Domestic waste treatment institutions include incinerators, flue gas treatment components and power generation components. Incinerators are used to burn waste and produce flue gas. The flue gas treatment component cools and filters the flue gas and then discharges it. The power generation component uses the heat of the recovered flue gas to generate electricity.

The incinerator is used to pass through domestic garbage, gasification gas and air for incineration to generate flue gas. Gasification gas is produced after stale waste is processed by stale waste disposal institutions.

Flue gas treatment components include evaporator, superheater, economizer, flue gas purification system and chimney. The flue gas passes through the evaporator, superheater, economizer, flue gas purification system in turn and is discharged from the chimney.

The evaporator, connected to the incinerator, is used to exchange heat between water and the flue gas to form saturated steam.

The superheater, connected to the evaporator, is used to heat the saturated steam through the flue gas to generate superheated steam.

The economizer is connected to the superheater and the evaporator, and is used to heat water through flue gas, and the heated water is sent to the evaporator.

The flue gas purification system, connected to the economizer, is used for filtering and adsorbing the flue gas, and the purified flue gas is discharged from the chimney.

In the illustrated embodiment, the domestic waste disposal mechanism also includes a steam drum. The steam drum is connected to the evaporator, superheater, economizer and stale waste disposal mechanism respectively.

The water from the economizer and the steam from the evaporator are sent to the steam drum, and the steam drum is divided into water and steam at the saturation temperature. The water is sent into the evaporator to be heated to form steam, part of the saturated steam is passed through the superheater to be heated to form superheated steam, and part of it is sent to the obsolete waste disposal mechanism.

Power generation components include steam turbines, generators, condensers and deaerators.

The steam turbine is connected to the superheater, which is used to drive the steam turbine to rotate through the superheated steam. The steam turbine is connected to the generator, and the rotating steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity, which is then sent to the grid.

After the work is done, the steam is discharged through the tail of the steam turbine, enters the condenser to condense into water, and is deoxidized by the deaerator. Then, under the action of the feed water pump, it re-enters the economizer to complete the cycle.

It can be understood that the domestic waste treatment mechanism also includes a water pump to transport water.

Stale waste disposal mechanism includes gasifier, heat exchanger, steam generator and air heater.

The gasification furnace is used to feed stale garbage, hot air, water vapor and gasification gas. The gasification gas is burned in the gasification furnace, and the stale waste is gasified under the action of water vapor and hot air to generate new Vaporize gas.

A heat exchanger, connected to the gasifier and the evaporator, is used to exchange heat between the saturated steam generated by the evaporator and the gasified gas generated by the gasifier to form superheated steam.

A water steam generator, connected to the heat exchanger and the gasifier, is used to use the superheated steam sent by the heat exchanger to heat water to form water vapor, and the water vapor is sent to the gasifier.

The superheated steam is condensed into condensed water, and the condensed water is passed into the deaerator for subsequent treatment.

The air heater is connected to the heat exchanger, the gasification furnace and the incinerator, and is used to exchange heat between the gasification gas fed into the heat exchanger and the air to form hot air, and the hot air is fed into In the gasification furnace, the gasification gas is sent into the incinerator.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for processing stale waste coupled with domestic waste, including:

S1: Household garbage, gasification gas and air are passed into the garbage incinerator to incinerate to produce flue gas;

S2: Stale garbage, hot air, water vapor, and gasification gas are passed into the gasification furnace, and the gasification gas is burned in the gasification furnace. The stale garbage undergoes gasification reaction under the action of water vapor and hot air to generate new gas. gas;

S3: Repeat S1 and S2, use the flue gas generated in S1 to heat water to form steam for the gasification furnace, use the gasification gas generated in S2 to heat air to form hot air for the gasifier, and use the gas generated in S2 The gasified gas is used by the garbage incinerator.

Further, the flue gas is sequentially processed through the evaporator, superheater, economizer, and flue gas purification system, and then discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney; the flue gas exchanges heat with water in the evaporator to form saturated steam, and a part of the saturated steam Enter the superheater for further heating, generate superheated steam and send it to the steam turbine for power generation, and the other part of the saturated steam enters the heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the gasification gas generated in S2 to generate superheated steam, and sends the superheated steam to the steam generator The water is heated to generate water vapor which enters the gasifier.

Further, the gasification gas generated in S2 is sent to the heat exchanger to exchange heat with saturated steam to generate superheated steam, then the gasification gas is cooled and sent to the air heater to exchange heat with the air to form hot air, and the gasification after further cooling The gas is sent to the waste incinerator.

Further, the steam after working in the steam turbine is sent to the condenser to be condensed into water, and then deoxidized by the deaerator, then sent to the economizer for heat exchange with the flue gas, and then sent to the steam drum, and the water in the steam drum Entering the evaporator, the steam in the drum is sent to the superheater or heat exchanger.

Further, the condensed water in the steam generator is sent to the deaerator for deoxygenation, then sent to the economizer for heat exchange with the flue gas, and then sent to the steam drum.

The process of each component is described in detail below:

Garbage/air/flue gas process: After domestic garbage enters the garbage incinerator, it is incinerated under the supply of air, and the gasification gas generated by the stale garbage treatment also enters the incinerator for incineration together, producing a large amount of hot flue gas, hot smoke The gas passes through the evaporator, superheater, and economizer in turn, and enters the flue gas purification system to remove various pollutants and then go to the chimney and discharge into the atmosphere. The bottom slag produced after the incineration of domestic waste is discharged through the incinerator, and together with the bottom slag produced by the gasifier in the stale waste treatment process, enters the slag bin for storage, and then unified resource utilization.

Water circulation process: Feed water is sent to the economizer through the feed water pump, and then sent to the steam drum after heat exchange with the hot flue gas. The steam drum contains water and water vapor at a saturated temperature. After heat exchange, it becomes saturated steam, and part of the saturated steam enters the superheater for further heating, generates superheated steam, enters the steam turbine, drives the steam turbine to rotate, the steam turbine is connected with the generator, and the rotating steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity, and then sent to the grid; Part of it enters the heat exchanger of the stale waste treatment process, exchanges heat with the gasification gas to generate superheated steam, and reduces the temperature of the gasification gas at the same time. After the work is done, the steam is discharged through the tail of the steam turbine, enters the condenser to condense into water, and enters the deaerator through the condensate pump. Then, under the action of the feed water pump, it re-enters the economizer to complete the water cycle.

Stale waste treatment sub-process: stale waste enters the gasification furnace together with hot air, water vapor, and part of the gasification gas, and gasification reaction occurs under the action of water vapor and hot air, while part of the gasification gas is carried out in the gasification furnace Combustion ensures the smooth progress of the gasification reaction. The generated gasification gas exchanges heat with the saturated steam from the domestic waste incineration process through a heat exchanger, enters the air heater after cooling down, and exchanges heat with normal temperature air to obtain lower temperature gasification gas. Part of the gasification gas enters the gasification furnace for incineration to maintain the gasification reaction in the gasification furnace; the rest can be sent to the garbage incinerator for combustion, and can also be used for other purposes according to actual needs.

Air at normal temperature enters the air heater to exchange heat with the gasification gas, and the hot air enters the gasification furnace for gasification reaction with stale garbage; tap water generates water vapor through the water steam generator and enters the gasification furnace for gasification reaction with stale garbage ; Saturated steam from the domestic waste incineration treatment process enters the heat exchanger, exchanges heat with gasification gas to generate superheated steam, enters the steam generator to heat tap water, and then cools itself into condensed water, and then enters the domestic waste incineration treatment process again deaerator.

The examples described in the present invention are only to describe the preferred implementation of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A stale refuse-coupled domestic refuse treatment apparatus comprising:

domestic waste treatment mechanism includes:

the incinerator is used for introducing the household garbage, gasified gas and air for incineration to generate smoke;

its characterized in that, domestic waste treatment mechanism still includes:

the evaporator is connected with the incinerator and used for exchanging heat between water and the flue gas to form saturated steam;

stale refuse treatment mechanism comprising:

the gasification furnace is used for introducing stale garbage, hot air, steam and gasification gas, the gasification gas is combusted in the gasification furnace, and the stale garbage generates gasification reaction under the action of the steam and the hot air to generate new gasification gas;

the heat exchanger is connected with the gasification furnace and the evaporator and is used for exchanging heat between saturated steam generated by the evaporator and gasified gas generated by the gasification furnace to form superheated steam;

the water vapor generator is connected with the heat exchanger and the gasification furnace and used for heating water by using the superheated steam sent by the heat exchanger to form water vapor, and the water vapor is sent to the gasification furnace;

and the air heater is connected with the heat exchanger, the gasification furnace and the incineration furnace and used for exchanging heat between the gasified gas sent by the heat exchanger and air to form hot air, the hot air is sent into the gasification furnace, and the gasified gas is sent into the incineration furnace.

2. The stale refuse-coupled domestic refuse treatment apparatus according to claim 1,

domestic waste treatment mechanism still includes:

the superheater is connected with the evaporator and used for heating saturated steam to generate superheated steam;

the steam turbine is connected with the superheater and driven to rotate by superheated steam, and the steam turbine is used for being connected with a generator to generate electricity;

and the economizer is connected with the superheater and the evaporator and used for heating water through flue gas, and the heated water is sent into the evaporator.

3. The coupling household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 2,

domestic waste treatment mechanism still includes:

and the deaerator is connected with the water vapor generator, the steam turbine and the coal economizer, and condensed water formed by cooling superheated steam in saturated steam and condensed water formed by cooling the superheated steam in the steam turbine are introduced into the coal economizer after being deaerated.

4. A stale refuse coupling domestic refuse treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: introducing the household garbage, gasified gas and air into a garbage incinerator for incineration to generate flue gas;

s2: introducing the stale refuse, hot air, water vapor and gasified gas into a gasification furnace, burning the gasified gas in the gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification reaction on the stale refuse under the action of the water vapor and the hot air to generate new gasified gas;

s3: and (3) repeatedly executing the step (S1) and the step (S2), forming steam by using the smoke heating water generated in the step (S1) for use by the gasification furnace, heating air by using the gasified gas generated in the step (S2) for use by the hot air supply furnace, and using the gasified gas generated in the step (S2) for use by the garbage incinerator.

5. The stale refuse-coupled household refuse treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the flue gas is treated by an evaporator, a superheater, an economizer and a flue gas purification system in sequence and then discharged to the atmosphere through a chimney; the flue gas exchanges heat with water in the evaporator to form saturated steam, part of the saturated steam enters the superheater to be further heated, the generated superheated steam is sent to the steam turbine to generate electricity, the other part of the saturated steam enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the gasified gas generated in the S2 to generate superheated steam, and the superheated steam is sent to the steam generator to heat the water to generate steam and then enters the gasification furnace.

6. The coupling household garbage treatment method for the stale garbage according to claim 5, wherein the gasified gas generated in S2 is sent to a heat exchanger to exchange heat with saturated steam to generate superheated steam, then the gasified gas is cooled and sent to an air heater to exchange heat with air to form hot air, and the gasified gas after being further cooled is sent to the garbage incinerator.

7. The method for treating the aged refuse coupled with the domestic refuse according to claim 5, wherein steam after work is done in a steam turbine is sent to a condenser to be condensed into water, then is deoxidized by a deaerator, and is sent to an economizer to exchange heat with flue gas, and then is sent to a steam drum, water in the steam drum enters an evaporator, and steam in the steam drum is sent to a superheater or a heat exchanger.

8. The method for treating the stale refuse coupled with the domestic refuse according to claim 7, wherein the water condensed in the water vapor generator is sent to a deaerator to be deaerated, and then sent to a coal economizer to exchange heat with the flue gas and then sent to a steam drum.

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