CN115269644A - High-performance online examination method, system and equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance online examination method, a high-performance online examination system and high-performance online examination equipment, and relates to the field of examination systems. The high-performance online examination method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, wherein each group of data comprises examination information, test paper contents and a test paper grouping strategy; acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination, and traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information to obtain the examination paper grouping strategy; and selecting a plurality of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, selecting a test paper grouping mode of the test paper, and generating the test paper of each examinee according to the test paper grouping mode by the plurality of test questions. According to the method and the device, the test question loading speed can be increased, and the examination performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of examination systems, in particular to a high-performance online examination method, system and device.
Background
Currently, on-line examination generally adopts ways of compressing test questions, caching data and the like to store question bank data. But the test question data volume is too large, so that the network transmission is slow and the bandwidth is seriously occupied. The defects of the prior art are as follows: the plaintext transmission of the test question information is unsafe; test question information can be easily stolen by some illegal methods; when a large number of examinees take examinations simultaneously, bandwidth is possibly insufficient, and the whole system is further unavailable; and the problems of long test question waiting time and poor experience exist. At present, in order to solve the problem of low test question loading efficiency caused by too large number of test questions, an online education method and system for improving test performance need to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a high-performance online examination method, which can increase the loading efficiency of test questions and improve the performance of online examination.
The invention aims to provide a high-performance online examination system which can accelerate the loading efficiency of examination questions and improve the performance of online examination.
The invention aims to provide electronic equipment which can accelerate the loading efficiency of test questions and improve the performance of online examination.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a high-performance online examination method, which includes the following steps:
s1: acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, wherein each group of data comprises examination information, test paper contents and a test paper grouping strategy;
s2: acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination, and traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information to obtain the examination paper grouping strategy;
s3: and selecting a plurality of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, selecting a test paper grouping mode of the test paper, and generating the test paper of each examinee according to the test paper grouping mode by the plurality of test questions.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3 above: the examination paper forming mode comprises a fixed examination paper, a random examination paper and a random fixed examination paper, and the correspondingly generated examination paper comprises a fixed examination paper, a random examination paper and a random fixed examination paper; when the fixed group of papers are selected, selecting a group of test questions in the test paper content according to the group of paper strategies, and generating the fixed test paper by combining the group of test questions according to a preset combination; when the random test paper is selected, selecting a plurality of groups of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper strategy, and respectively generating random test papers for the plurality of groups of test questions according to preset combinations; when the random fixed group paper is selected, a plurality of random fixed test papers are generated by disordering the plurality of test questions of the fixed test paper.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S3, a plurality of fixed test papers, a plurality of random test papers, or a plurality of random fixed test papers of the same number are generated by using the number of examinees.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S4: and encrypting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper by an AES encryption technology, writing the encrypted test paper into a test question file, and uploading the test question file to a file cloud for different examinees to obtain in the step S3 during examination.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S5: and after loading, decrypting, verifying and rendering the test question file, presenting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper examination of the student to a user side of the examinee.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S3 further includes the following steps: after the examination paper is generated, when the administrator modifies any one or more of the examination questions of the examination paper, the modified examination questions regenerate the examination paper according to the paper combination mode.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S4 further includes the following steps: and when the test question file is not generated in the process of loading test questions in the test, generating the test question file according to the examination paper combination strategy, and uploading the test question file to the file cloud and returning the file cloud to the user side of the examinee.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S6: and deleting the test question file after the examination is finished for a preset time.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a high-performance online examination system, which includes:
a data acquisition module: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, and each group of data comprises examination information, test paper content and a paper grouping strategy;
a strategy traversing module: the examination information acquisition module is used for acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination and obtaining the examination paper composition strategy by traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information;
test paper module: the examination paper generation system is used for selecting a plurality of examination questions in the examination paper content according to the examination paper strategy, selecting a paper mode of the examination paper, and generating examination papers of each examinee according to the paper mode by the plurality of examination questions.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the one or more programs, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any of the first aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
with respect to the first to third aspects: according to the embodiment of the application, by collecting the multiple groups of data of the multiple test papers, the examination information is utilized to match and query the test paper grouping strategy in the multiple groups of data, and the test paper contents in the multiple groups of data are selected according to the test paper grouping strategy, so that the selection efficiency of the test paper questions is improved; and the examination papers are automatically generated according to a certain paper-making mode, so that the loading efficiency of the examination papers is improved. The method and the system can effectively solve the problems of slow transmission and network bandwidth occupation caused by large amount of test question data, accelerate test question loading time, protect the system and enable examination management to be more efficient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a high-performance online examination method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a detailed process of step S3-1 in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a step S3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high-performance online examination system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the individual features of the embodiments can be combined with one another without conflict.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 to 3 are schematic flow charts illustrating a high-performance online examination method according to an embodiment of the present application. A high performance online examination method, comprising the steps of: s1: acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, wherein each group of data comprises examination information, test paper contents and a test paper grouping strategy; s2: acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination, and traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information to obtain the examination paper grouping strategy; s3: and selecting a plurality of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, selecting a test paper grouping mode of the test paper, and generating the test paper of each examinee according to the test paper grouping mode by the plurality of test questions.
In detail, a plurality of groups of data are obtained according to a plurality of test papers, and each group of data comprises test information, test paper contents and a test paper grouping strategy; therefore, the volume strategy is analyzed by utilizing the collected data big data. Wherein the examination information may include any one or more of test taker information, examination room information, and test paper content. The examinee information can comprise the age of the examinee, the sex of the examinee, the type of the examinee, the grade of the examinee and the like, wherein the type of the examinee can be classified according to the professional identities of students, workers and the like and can also be classified according to the subjects of the examination. The examination room information may include an examination room location, and an examination room type. Wherein the examination room types can be classified into an ascending examination, a professional certification examination, and a skill level examination. The test paper content may include a plurality of test questions and answers to the test questions. The examination paper forming strategy can comprise the basis of examination paper formation such as the number of examination questions, difficulty, scores, examination points and the like. Optionally, when a plurality of traversed group examination policies are available, one group examination policy may be selected to generate the test paper, wherein the selection may be random or manual. Or after a plurality of test papers are generated through the step S3 by using different examination paper grouping strategies, the examinee can obtain any one test paper by using the examination information during examination. In detail, a plurality of test questions in the test paper content are selected according to the group paper policy, wherein the selected plurality of test questions are all the test questions of the multi-group data, and the selection can also be further performed according to the test question content corresponding to the traversed group paper policy. Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: after the examination paper grouping strategy in the step S3 and the examination questions of the examination paper in the step S3 are artificially adjusted, utilizing the steps S1-S3 to collect a plurality of groups of examination training data, wherein each group of examination data comprises examination information, examination paper content, at least one examination paper grouping strategy and at least one examination paper; obtaining a test paper training model by the multiple groups of test training data through machine learning training; the examination paper of the data to be detected is output through the examination paper training model, so that the corresponding examination paper can be taken and output conveniently according to the examination condition.
The data collection in step S1 may collect a large amount of data by using a distributed task scheduling manner. And traversing and inquiring examination information by using a distributed fragmentation mode to acquire a test paper grouping strategy. And the examination paper is generated before the examination of the examinee, so that the user terminal of the examinee can obtain the corresponding examination paper to take the examination.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3 above: the examination paper composing mode comprises fixed examination paper, random examination paper and random fixed examination paper, and the correspondingly generated examination paper comprises fixed examination paper, random examination paper and random fixed examination paper; when the fixed test paper is selected, selecting a group of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper strategy, and generating the fixed test paper by combining the group of test questions according to a preset combination; when the random test paper is selected, selecting a plurality of groups of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper strategy, and respectively generating random test papers for the plurality of groups of test questions according to preset combinations; when the random fixed group paper is selected, a plurality of random fixed test papers are generated by disordering the plurality of test questions of the fixed test paper.
In detail, the examination paper combination mode comprises three modes, wherein the examination questions and the combination mode of the examination papers of different examinees of the first fixed examination paper are completely the same. The test paper combining strategy selects a group of test papers in the test paper content according to the specific test paper quantity, test paper difficulty, test paper scores and test paper examination points, and therefore the plurality of test papers are sequentially arranged according to a specific combination mode to form a fixed test paper. Similarly, the random test paper is formed by using different selected test questions to form a plurality of random test papers, so that different examinees can take examinations. In detail, the random fixed group of test papers is that the same group of test questions generate test papers according to different arrangement sequences for examinees in the same examination room to carry out examination, so as to prevent cheating.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S3, a plurality of fixed test papers, a plurality of random test papers, or a plurality of random fixed test papers with the same number are generated by using the number of examinees.
In detail, the same number of fixed test papers, random test papers or random fixed test papers are generated by using the number of the examinees, so that the test paper can be used by different examinees. The examinee can log in the browser to take an examination by using the user side, and sends a request by virtue of the examination information so as to obtain a corresponding examination paper through the network.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S4: and encrypting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper by an AES encryption technology, writing the encrypted test paper into a test question file, and uploading the test question file into a file cloud for different examinees to obtain in the step S3 during examination.
In detail, the examination paper is encrypted and uploaded to a corresponding examination question file, wherein the examination question file is a json file, so that the examination paper is uploaded to a file cloud and is conveniently acquired in real time through a network.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S5: and after loading, decrypting, verifying and rendering the test question file, presenting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper examination of the student to a user side of the examinee.
In detail, after the test question file is loaded, decrypted, verified and rendered, the examination paper of the student is presented to the user side of the examinee. After the data encrypted by the AES encryption technology is decrypted, the test question files are verified through manual confirmation, and the test question arrangement or switching mode is processed through the rendering technology, so that the data are displayed to a user side of an examinee through visual output.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S3 further includes the following steps: after the examination paper is generated, when the administrator modifies any one or more of the examination questions of the examination paper, the modified examination questions regenerate the examination paper according to the paper combination mode.
In detail, after the examination paper is generated, the administrator acquires the examination paper and edits the plurality of examination questions of the examination paper, so that the plurality of modified examination questions are regenerated into the fixed examination paper, the random examination paper or the random fixed examination paper according to the paper combination mode. When the method is applied to the implementation of the server, the administrator sets the volume through the server.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step S4 further includes the following steps: and when the test question file is not generated in the process of loading test questions in the test, generating the test question file according to the examination paper combination strategy, and uploading the test question file to the file cloud and returning the file cloud to the user side of the examinee.
Specifically, when the examination at the user end of the examinee is started or before the examination is started, the test question files to be loaded are not generated, and at the moment, the generated test question files are compensated according to the examination paper combination strategy in the step S2 to be uploaded so that the examinee can obtain the test question files.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned high-performance online examination method further includes the following step S6: and deleting the test question file after the examination is finished for a preset time.
In detail, after the examination is finished, the user end of the examinee deletes the test question file after a preset time, for example, 48 hours, so that the resource occupation is prevented. Optionally, the test question files are deleted from the file cloud, so that the test question loading speed is further increased.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high-performance online examination system according to an embodiment of the present application. The method comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition module: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, and each group of data comprises examination information, test paper content and a paper grouping strategy;
a strategy traversing module: the examination information acquisition module is used for acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination and obtaining the examination paper grouping strategy by traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information;
test paper module: the examination paper generation system is used for selecting a plurality of examination questions in the examination paper content according to the examination paper strategy, selecting a paper mode of the examination paper, and generating examination papers of each examinee according to the paper mode by the plurality of examination questions.
The examination paper composing module is connected with the data acquisition module to acquire the content of the examination paper and is connected with the strategy traversing module to acquire the paper composing strategy acquired by the strategy traversing module. Optionally, the test paper management system further comprises a test paper training module, wherein the test paper training module is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of test training data by using the steps S1 to S3 after the test paper strategy in the step S3 and the test questions of the test paper in the step S3 are manually adjusted, and each group of test data comprises test information, test paper content, at least one test paper strategy and at least one test paper; obtaining a test paper training model by the multiple groups of test training data through machine learning training; the examination paper of the data to be detected is output through the examination paper training model, so that the corresponding examination paper can be taken and output conveniently according to the examination condition.
The principle of the above embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 of the present application, and therefore, a repeated description is not necessary here, and all the operations described in embodiment 1 above can be confirmed by the ue and the server, and each item of transmitted data is obtained between the ue and the server.
It will be appreciated that the configuration shown in fig. 1 is merely illustrative and that the high performance online testing system may include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 4 or have a different configuration than shown in fig. 4. The components shown in fig. 4 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device comprises a memory 101, a processor 102 and a communication interface 103, wherein the memory 101, the processor 102 and the communication interface 103 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly to realize data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines. The memory 101 may be used for storing software programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 102 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 101, so as to execute various functional applications and data processing. The communication interface 103 may be used for communicating signaling or data with other node devices.
The Memory 101 may be, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and the like.
The processor 102 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The Processor 102 may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative and, for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist alone, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
To sum up, the embodiments of the present application provide a high-performance online examination method, system, and device:
according to the embodiment of the application, by acquiring the multiple groups of data of the multiple test papers, the examination information is utilized to query the examination paper strategy in the multiple groups of data in a matching manner, and the test paper contents in the multiple groups of data are selected according to the examination paper strategy, so that the selection efficiency of the test paper questions is improved; and the examination paper is automatically generated according to a certain examination paper forming mode, so that the loading efficiency of the examination paper is improved. The method and the system can effectively solve the problems of slow transmission and network bandwidth occupation caused by large amount of test question data, accelerate test question loading time, protect the system and enable examination management to be more efficient.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A high performance online examination method, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, wherein each group of data comprises examination information, test paper contents and a test paper grouping strategy;
s2: acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination, and traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information to obtain the examination paper combining strategy;
s3: and selecting a plurality of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, selecting a test paper grouping mode of the test paper, and generating the test paper of each examinee by the plurality of test questions according to the test paper grouping mode.
2. A high-performance online examination method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3: the examination paper forming mode comprises a fixed examination paper, a random examination paper and a random fixed examination paper, and the correspondingly generated examination paper comprises a fixed examination paper, a random examination paper and a random fixed examination paper; when the fixed test paper is selected, selecting a group of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, and generating the fixed test paper by the group of test questions according to a preset combination; when the random test paper is selected, selecting a plurality of groups of test questions in the test paper content according to the test paper grouping strategy, and respectively generating random test papers for the plurality of groups of test questions according to preset combinations; and when the random fixed test paper group is selected, disordering the plurality of test questions of the fixed test paper to generate a plurality of random fixed test papers.
3. A high-performance online examination method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the same number of fixed test papers, random test papers or random fixed test papers are generated by using the number of examinees.
4. A high performance online examination method according to claim 2, further comprising the step S4 of: and encrypting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper by an AES encryption technology, writing the encrypted test paper into a test question file, and uploading the test question file to a file cloud for different examinees to obtain in the step S3 during examination.
5. The high-performance online examination method according to claim 4, further comprising the step S5 of: and after loading, decrypting, verifying and rendering the test question file, presenting the fixed test paper, the random test paper or the random fixed test paper examination of the student to a user side of the examinee.
6. The high-performance online examination method of claim 5, wherein the step S3 further comprises the steps of: after the examination paper is generated, when an administrator modifies any one or more examination questions of the examination paper, the modified examination questions regenerate the examination paper according to the examination paper forming mode.
7. The high-performance online examination method of claim 6, wherein the step S4 further comprises the steps of: and when the test question file is not generated in the process of loading the test questions in the test, generating the test question file according to the paper grouping strategy, and uploading the test question file to the file cloud and returning the file cloud to the user side of the examinee.
8. The high-performance online examination method according to claim 7, further comprising the step S6 of: and deleting the test question file after the examination is finished for a preset time.
9. A high performance online examination system, comprising:
a data acquisition module: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of groups of data according to a plurality of test papers, and each group of data comprises examination information, test paper content and a paper grouping strategy;
a strategy traversing module: the examination information acquisition module is used for acquiring the examination information of a plurality of examinees in the current examination and obtaining the examination paper composition strategy by traversing and inquiring a plurality of groups of data according to the examination information;
the examination paper composing module: the examination paper generation system is used for selecting a plurality of examination questions in the examination paper content according to the examination paper grouping strategy, selecting a examination paper grouping mode of the examination paper, and generating examination papers of examinees according to the examination paper grouping mode by the plurality of examination questions.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the one or more programs, when executed by the processor, implement the method of any of claims 1-8.
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