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CN115234368B - Integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and ammonia fuel engine control system - Google Patents

Integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and ammonia fuel engine control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115234368B
CN115234368B CN202210830362.8A CN202210830362A CN115234368B CN 115234368 B CN115234368 B CN 115234368B CN 202210830362 A CN202210830362 A CN 202210830362A CN 115234368 B CN115234368 B CN 115234368B
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China
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ammonia
hydrogen
fuel
pressure
precombustion chamber
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CN115234368A (en
Inventor
曾志彬
赵岳
庄敏
陈奕仲
周磊
刘宗宽
卫海桥
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Tianjin University
Dongfeng Honda Engine Co Ltd
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Tianjin University
Dongfeng Honda Engine Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1085—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/16—Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to sub-groups F02B19/02 - F02B19/10
    • F02B19/18—Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device, which comprises a precombustion chamber, a spark plug, an air injector and an ammonia hydrogen-producing device, wherein the precombustion chamber is provided with a jet inlet; the spark plug is arranged in the precombustion chamber, and the volume of the precombustion chamber is not more than 5% of the volume of the main combustion chamber of the engine; the ammonia hydrogen production device is a column type ammonia pyrolysis hydrogen production reactor, and the ammonia hydrogen production device is used for producing 60-150W hydrogen which can meet the requirement of hydrogen in a precombustion chamber; the ammonia fuel engine control system comprises a low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, an ignition type ammonia fuel engine and an ECU; the control system enables the spark-ignition ammonia fuel engine to achieve single fuel operation.

Description

Integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and ammonia fuel engine control system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and an ammonia fuel engine control system.
Background
Global climate and environmental changes present serious challenges to the economic and social development of humans, low and even zero carbonization has become a necessary trend in the world's economic development, and low carbon technology will become a new "engine" for the global economic development. The nature of the zero-carbon technology of internal combustion engines is that the combustion of carbon-neutralized fuel achieves zero carbon emissions throughout the life cycle. The research shows that ammonia is used as a high-efficiency hydrogen storage medium, has the advantages of high energy density, easy liquefaction and transportation, high safety, no carbon emission and the like, can be used for producing hydrogen by renewable energy sources, converts the hydrogen into ammonia, and is transported to a destination, so that the transportation cost of the hydrogen can be greatly reduced, and the transportation safety performance is improved. Ammonia is both a hydrogen energy carrier and a zero carbon fuel, and for a certain volume of liquid ammonia, the hydrogen content and the energy density are respectively 1.7 and 1.5 times that of the same volume of liquid hydrogen. In addition, ammonia can be synthesized by using air and water through renewable energy sources such as solar energy, electric energy and the like, and the whole preparation process has no carbon emission. The Chinese operators are wide, and the solar energy source, wind energy source and other renewable energy sources are quite abundant. The good industrial production foundation is beneficial to gradually realizing the transformation from fossil energy to renewable ammonia energy. At present, a plurality of scientific research institutions and enterprises in China start to conduct layout of hydrogen-ammonia industry chains, and related alliance organization seminars are established in domestic fowls, ningxia and other places and state energy group disputes, so that the first place is preempted. Therefore, the development of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion fuel power meets the current situation of the energy pattern in China and the strategic adjustment in the future.
The major challenges faced by ammonia fuel development as an engine fuel result from the poor combustion characteristics of ammonia, such as high auto-ignition temperature, low flame speed and high latent heat of vaporization, poor auto-ignition capability and combustion stability, which results in the need for a highly reactive ignition source to ignite when used as an engine fuel. The unstable ignition and combustion directly cause deterioration of engine power performance and emission performance, and cause ammonia leakage. Ammonia gas is corrosive and weak in toxicity, and once leaked, the ammonia gas can corrode and damage engine parts, so that the safety of personnel is endangered. Therefore, the ignition and flame propagation process with stable cylinder inside has important significance for optimizing the combustion process of the engine, controlling emission and guaranteeing the safety. How to realize stable ignition and high-efficiency combustion of ammonia fuel is one of key technologies facing the development of ammonia fuel engines at present. Because ammonia is easy to prepare hydrogen, the combustion speed of the hydrogen is high (3 m/s), hydrogen-ammonia fusion fuel is formed by vehicle-mounted hydrogen production and ammonia gas, and the fuel proportion is regulated and controlled in real time according to the change of the load and the rotating speed of an engine, so that efficient clean combustion can be realized. Currently, the injection of hydrogen jet in the precombustor ignites ammonia fuel. Therefore, the vehicle-mounted ammonia cracking hydrogen production technology and the ammonia-hydrogen fuel mixing ratio control technology are key technologies for the performance of the ammonia-fuel heavy-duty internal combustion engine.
For this reason, there is a need for a control system for an ignition type internal combustion engine and a jet ignition device thereof that can achieve efficient clean combustion, miniaturization, and suitability for a single fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and an ammonia fuel engine control system, wherein the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device is a compact and miniaturized device and is applied to an ignition type internal combustion engine. The integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device is internally provided with a miniaturized ammonia hydrogen-producing device, so that hydrogen production by ammonia fuel can be realized, the prepared trace hydrogen is sufficient to be combusted in the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber to produce high-speed jet flame, and the ammonia-air mixed gas in the main combustion chamber is ignited, so that high-efficiency stable combustion of the ammonia fuel engine can be realized. The control system can enable the ammonia engine to realize single fuel operation without adding a fuel supply system additionally.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device, which comprises a precombustion chamber, a spark plug, an air injector and an ammonia hydrogen-producing device, wherein the precombustion chamber is provided with a jet inlet; the spark plug is arranged in the precombustion chamber, the volume of the precombustion chamber is not more than 5% of the volume of the main combustion chamber of the engine, and the bottom of the precombustion chamber is provided with a jet hole;
the ammonia hydrogen production device is a column type ammonia pyrolysis hydrogen production reactor, and the ammonia hydrogen production device is used for generating 60-150W hydrogen equivalent by utilizing ammonia fuel and can meet the requirement of hydrogen in a precombustion chamber; the top of the ammonia hydrogen production device is provided with an ammonia inlet for entering ammonia fuel, the bottom of the ammonia hydrogen production device is sequentially connected with a hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity and an electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity; the volume of the hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity is 3-5 mL; the nozzle at the bottom of the electromagnetic valve and the inner cavity extending into the precombustion chamber are used for injecting hydrogen into the precombustion chamber; the nozzle of the air injector extends into the inner cavity of the precombustor for injecting air into the inner cavity of the precombustor.
Further, the air injector and the ammonia hydrogen production device are respectively fixed on the shell of the integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device through a compression bolt, the compression bolt is provided with a through hole, both ends of the compression bolt are provided with threads, one end of the compression bolt is connected with the shell through the threads and is used for fixing the air injector or the ammonia hydrogen production device, the other end of the compression bolt is used for connecting a gas circuit, and the through hole of the compression bolt is used for sending air into an air inlet arranged at the top of the air injector or sending ammonia from the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit into an ammonia inlet arranged at the top of the ammonia hydrogen production device.
Further, the ammonia hydrogen production device is suitable for a marine internal combustion engine precombustor device.
A single fuel ammonia fuel engine control system includes a low pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, an ignition ammonia fuel engine, and an ECU; the control system enables the spark ignition ammonia fuel engine to achieve single fuel operation;
The ECU is used for controlling the elements of the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit and the ignition ammonia fuel engine, controlling the moment of the ammonia injector injecting into the main combustion chamber, controlling the injection quantity and injection moment of air injected into the precombustion chamber, and controlling the injection quantity and injection moment of hydrogen;
the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit is used for supplying low-pressure ammonia fuel with the pressure range of 0.5-1.0 MPa to an ammonia injector of the ignition type ammonia fuel engine and an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device;
The ignition type ammonia fuel engine comprises a cylinder sleeve, an engine cylinder cover arranged at the top of the cylinder sleeve and the integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device, wherein the top of the cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet valve, an air outlet valve, an ammonia injector and the integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device; the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device and the nozzle of the ammonia injector extend into the main combustion chamber; the ammonia hydrogen production device of the integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device receives ammonia fuel from the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, prepares hydrogen capable of meeting the use of a precombustion chamber and sprays the hydrogen into the precombustion chamber; the ammonia injector receives ammonia fuel from the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, injects the ammonia fuel into the main combustion chamber and is ignited by jet flame generated by the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device; a piston is arranged in the cylinder sleeve; the engine cylinder cover and the piston form a main combustion chamber together;
The working process of the control system comprises the following steps: the ammonia fuel prepared by the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit is divided into two paths, one part of the ammonia fuel enters an ammonia injector through a pipe, the other part of the ammonia fuel enters the ammonia hydrogen production device of the integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device and is cracked to generate hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, the hydrogen generated by the ammonia hydrogen production device is stored and stored in the hydrogen pressure storage cavity and stored in the pressure storage cavity, then the hydrogen is sprayed into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber through an electromagnetic valve, and the hydrogen is mixed with air and then is ignited by a spark plug to generate jet flame, and the engine finishes combustion work; before the electromagnetic valve sprays hydrogen to the precombustion chamber, the ECU regulates and controls the air injector to spray a proper amount of air into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber to perform scavenging, so as to generate high-intensity jet flame in the precombustion chamber.
Furthermore, the injection quantity and the injection time of the hydrogen injected into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber are realized by regulating and controlling the electromagnetic valve by the ECU.
Further, the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit comprises an ammonia storage tank, a heater, a pressure stabilizing tank and a pressure controller which are connected in sequence, wherein liquid ammonia is filled in the ammonia storage tank.
Further, an intake valve is provided in the intake passage, an exhaust valve is provided in the exhaust passage, and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are provided on both left and right sides of the cylinder head, respectively, the intake valve and the exhaust valve being used in combination with a throttle device of the spark ignition type ammonia fuel engine to change the intake air amount.
Further, the ammonia injector is a liquid ammonia low-pressure injector.
Further, the waste heat generated by the combustion of the ignition type ammonia fuel engine is used for supplying the ammonia hydrogen production device to promote the hydrogen production process, or an electric heating device is independently arranged to supply heat.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. By adopting the device, the ammonia engine can realize single fuel operation; meanwhile, compared with an off-board vehicle-mounted ammonia hydrogen production system, the device is simpler in structure, smaller in size and higher in integration degree;
2. The volume of the precombustion chamber in the integrated hydrogen-making jet ignition device is not more than 5% of the volume of the main combustion chamber of the engine, and the generated hydrogen can meet the requirement of the use of the hydrogen in the precombustion chamber; by adopting the device, the ammonia engine can realize single fuel operation without additionally adding a fuel supply system;
3. before the electromagnetic valve sprays hydrogen to the precombustor, the ECU regulates and controls the air injector to spray a proper amount of air into the inner cavity of the precombustor for scavenging, so as to improve the oxygen content in the inner cavity of the precombustor, ensure the stable combustion of the precombustor hydrogen, further generate high-strength jet flame, ignite ammonia fuel in the main combustion chamber and realize the efficient stable combustion of the engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a spark ignition ammonia fuel engine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ammonia-fueled engine control system.
In the figure:
1: prechamber 2: spark plug 3: air ejector
4,7: Compression bolt 5: air inlet 6: ammonia inlet
8: Ammonia hydrogen plant 8: hydrogen pressure accumulation chamber 9: cylinder cover
10: Solenoid valve 11: a piston 12: main combustion chamber
13: Intake valve 14: integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 15: jet flame
16: Ammonia injector 17: exhaust valve
18: Cylinder head 19: cylinder liner 20: electromagnetic valve
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions, advantageous effects and significant improvements of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings provided in the examples of the present invention, and it is apparent that all of the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a single fuel, spark-ignition ammonia-fuelled engine control system comprising a low pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, a spark-ignition ammonia-fuelled engine and an ECU. The control system enables the spark-ignition ammonia fuel engine to achieve single fuel operation.
The ECU is used for controlling a pressure controller of the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, and an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device, an ammonia injector and an air injector in the ignition type ammonia fuel engine.
The low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit is used for supplying low-pressure ammonia fuel with the pressure range of 0.5-1.0 MPa and comprises an ammonia storage tank, a heater, a pressure stabilizing tank and a pressure controller which are sequentially connected, wherein the ammonia storage tank is filled with ammonia fuel, the pressure controller is used for adjusting the ammonia fuel from the pressure stabilizing tank, and the ammonia fuel can be ammonia or liquid ammonia.
As shown in fig. 2, the ignition type ammonia fuel engine comprises a cylinder sleeve 19, an engine cylinder cover 18 arranged at the top of the cylinder sleeve 1 and an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14, wherein an air inlet valve 13, an air outlet valve 17, an ammonia injector 16 and the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 are arranged at the top of the cylinder cover 18; the intake valve 13 is provided in an intake passage, the exhaust valve 17 is provided in an exhaust passage, and the intake valve 13 and the exhaust valve 17 are used in combination with a throttle device of an ammonia fuel engine to change an intake air amount. The air inlet valve 3 and the air outlet valve 17 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the cylinder cover, the ammonia injector 16 and the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 are arranged between the air inlet valve 3 and the air outlet valve 17, and the nozzles of the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 and the ammonia injector 16 extend into the main combustion chamber 12; the ammonia injector 16 can inject ammonia fuel into the main combustion chamber 12 and then be ignited by jet flame 15 generated by the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14, and the ammonia injector 16 is a low-pressure injector of liquid ammonia. A piston 11 is arranged in the cylinder sleeve 19; the engine cylinder cover and the piston 11 together form a main combustion chamber 12, and the turbulent jet ignition device 5 is positioned right above the main combustion chamber.
The integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 may be threadably centrally mounted to the cylinder head 18. Wherein, the installation angle of the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 and the ammonia injector 16 can be flexibly arranged, and preferably, the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device 14 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the nozzle of the ammonia injector 16.
As shown in fig. 1, the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device comprises a shell, wherein the bottom of the shell is mounted on an engine cylinder cover 18 through threads; a precombustion chamber 1, a spark plug 2, an air injector 3 and an ammonia hydrogen production device 8 are arranged in the shell; the lower part of the shell forms the precombustion chamber 1, a spark plug 2 is arranged in the precombustion chamber 1, and the volume of the precombustion chamber 1 is not more than 5% of the volume of the main combustion chamber, so that the precombustion chamber only needs a small amount of hydrogen. The air injector 3 and the ammonia hydrogen production device 8 are respectively fixed on the shell through a compression bolt 4 and 7, the compression bolts 4 and 7 are provided with through holes and are provided with threads at two ends, one end of each compression bolt is connected with the shell through threads and is used for fixing the air injector 3 or the ammonia hydrogen production device 8, the other end of each compression bolt is used for connecting a gas circuit, and the through holes of the compression bolts are used for sending air into an air inlet 5 positioned at the top of the air injector 3 or sending ammonia from a low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit into an ammonia inlet 6 positioned at the top of the ammonia hydrogen production device 8.
The nozzle of the air injector 3 extends into the inner cavity of the precombustor 1 and is used for injecting air into the inner cavity of the precombustor; the bottom of the shell (namely the bottom of the precombustor) is provided with a jet hole, and the jet hole is used for realizing flame acceleration propagation, improving the combustion rate and further improving the economy of the engine. The ammonia hydrogen production device 8 is a column type ammonia cracking hydrogen production reactor, and can directly produce 60-150W hydrogen (equivalent to 60-150W hydrogen equivalent), so as to meet the requirement of micro hydrogen in a precombustion chamber. The ammonia hydrogen production device can be used in all the prior precombustor devices, in particular to a precombustor device of a large-scale marine internal combustion engine. The bottom of the ammonia hydrogen production device 8 is sequentially connected with a hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity 9 and an electromagnetic valve 10; the hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity 9 is a small pressure accumulation cavity, and the volume of the small pressure accumulation cavity is 3-5 mL and is used for storing hydrogen; the nozzle at the bottom of the electromagnetic valve 10 stretches into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber 1 and is used for injecting hydrogen into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber, and the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the hydrogen pressure accumulation chamber.
With reference to fig. 3, the working process of the control system is as follows:
the ammonia fuel in the ammonia storage tank sequentially flows through a heater, a pressure stabilizing tank and a pressure controller, the ECU regulates the pressure of the ammonia fuel in the pressure controller to be 0.5-1.0 MPa, then the ammonia fuel is divided into two paths, one part of the ammonia fuel enters an ammonia injector 16 through a pipeline and then the ECU controls the moment of directly spraying the ammonia fuel into a main combustion chamber 12, and the other part of the ammonia enters an ammonia hydrogen production device 8 of an integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device 14 through an ammonia inlet 6, hydrogen is generated by pyrolysis under the action of a catalyst, the hydrogen generated by the ammonia hydrogen production device 8 is stored and stored in a hydrogen pressure storage cavity 9 and is sprayed into an inner cavity of a precombustion chamber through an electromagnetic valve 10, and is ignited by a spark plug 2 after being mixed with air, jet flame 15 is generated, the ammonia fuel from the ammonia injector is directly sprayed into the main combustion chamber and is ignited by the jet flame 15 after being mixed with air in the cylinder, and the engine finishes combustion work. Meanwhile, heat generated by engine combustion can be supplied to the ammonia hydrogen production device, so that the working efficiency of the ammonia hydrogen production device is improved, and under the condition of insufficient heat, heat compensation can be performed by externally installing an electric heating device. The dashed line in fig. 3 represents the transmission route of the signal received or sent by the ECU.
Wherein the concentration of the mixture gas in the precombustion chamber depends on the injection amount of the hydrogen, and the injection amount and the injection time of the hydrogen are controlled by the electromagnetic valve 10; in addition, in order to prevent the exhaust gas or the ammonia gas in the main combustion chamber 12 from entering the precombustion chamber to affect the combustion of the precombustion chamber, the ECU regulates and controls the air injector 3 to inject a proper amount of air into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber 1 before injecting the hydrogen gas, so as to perform a scavenging process, improve the oxygen content in the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber, ensure the stable combustion of the hydrogen gas in the precombustion chamber, further generate high-strength jet flame, ignite the ammonia fuel in the main combustion chamber 12, and realize the efficient stable combustion of the engine.
The foregoing embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or all technical features may be equivalently replaced, and that the modification or replacement does not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, and that non-essential improvements, modifications or replacements made by those skilled in the art according to the content of the present specification are all within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (8)

1. A single-fuel ammonia-fuelled engine control system comprising a low-pressure ammonia-fuelled supply unit, an ignition-type ammonia-fuelled engine and an ECU; the control system enables the spark ignition ammonia fuel engine to achieve single fuel operation;
the ECU is used for controlling the elements of the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit and the ignition type ammonia fuel engine, controlling the moment of spraying the ammonia injector (16) into the main combustion chamber (12), and controlling the spraying amount and the spraying moment of spraying air into the precombustor and the spraying amount and the spraying moment of hydrogen;
the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit is used for supplying low-pressure ammonia fuel with the pressure range of 0.5-1.0 MPa to an ammonia injector of the ignition type ammonia fuel engine and an integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device;
The ignition type ammonia fuel engine comprises a cylinder sleeve (19), an engine cylinder cover (18) and an integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device (14), wherein the engine cylinder cover (18) is arranged at the top of the cylinder sleeve (19), and an air inlet valve (13), an air outlet valve (17), an ammonia injector (16) and the integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device (14) are arranged at the top of the cylinder cover (18); the nozzles of the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device (14) and the ammonia injector (16) extend into the main combustion chamber; the ammonia hydrogen production device (8) of the integrated hydrogen production type jet ignition device receives ammonia fuel from the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, prepares hydrogen capable of meeting the use of a precombustion chamber and sprays the hydrogen into the precombustion chamber; the ammonia injector (16) receives ammonia fuel from the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit, injects the ammonia fuel into the main combustion chamber (12), and is then ignited by jet flame (15) generated by the integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device (14); a piston (11) is arranged in the cylinder sleeve (19); the engine cylinder cover and the piston (11) form a main combustion chamber (12);
The integrated hydrogen-producing jet ignition device comprises a precombustion chamber (1), a spark plug (2) and an air injector (3), wherein the spark plug (2) is arranged in the precombustion chamber (1); characterized in that the device also comprises an ammonia hydrogen production device (8); the volume of the precombustion chamber (1) is not more than 5% of the volume of the main combustion chamber (12) of the engine, and the bottom of the precombustion chamber (1) is provided with a jet hole;
The ammonia hydrogen production device (8) is a column type ammonia pyrolysis hydrogen production reactor, and the ammonia hydrogen production device (8) is used for generating 60-150W hydrogen equivalent by using ammonia fuel and can meet the requirement of hydrogen in a precombustion chamber; the top of the ammonia hydrogen production device (8) is provided with an ammonia inlet for flowing in ammonia fuel; the bottom is sequentially connected with a hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity (9) and an electromagnetic valve (10), and the electromagnetic valve (10) is communicated with the hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity (9); the volume of the hydrogen pressure accumulation cavity (9) is 3-5 mL; the nozzle at the bottom of the electromagnetic valve (10) and the inner cavity extending into the precombustion chamber (1) are used for injecting hydrogen into the precombustion chamber; the nozzle of the air injector (3) stretches into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber (1) to inject air into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber; the working process of the control system comprises the following steps: the ammonia fuel prepared by the low-pressure ammonia fuel supply unit is divided into two paths, one part of the ammonia fuel enters an ammonia injector (16) through a pipe, the other part of the ammonia fuel enters an ammonia hydrogen production device (8) of an integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device (14) and is cracked to generate hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, the hydrogen generated by the ammonia hydrogen production device (8) is stored and stored in a hydrogen pressure storage cavity (9) and stored in a pressure storage mode, then the hydrogen is injected into an inner cavity of a precombustion chamber through an electromagnetic valve (10), is mixed with air and is ignited by a spark plug (2) to generate jet flame (15), and the engine finishes combustion work; before the electromagnetic valve (10) sprays hydrogen to the precombustion chamber, the ECU regulates and controls the air injector (3) to spray a proper amount of air into the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber (1) to perform scavenging, so as to generate high-intensity jet flame in the precombustion chamber.
2. Ammonia fuel engine control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air injector (3) and the ammonia production device (8) are fixed to the housing of the integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device by means of a pressure bolt (4, 7), respectively, the pressure bolt (4, 7) having a through hole and being threaded at both ends, one end being connected to the housing by means of a thread for fixing the air injector (3) or the ammonia production device (8), the other end being connected to a gas circuit, the through hole of the pressure bolt being used for feeding air into the air inlet (5) at the top of the air injector (3) or feeding ammonia from the low pressure ammonia fuel supply unit into the ammonia inlet (6) at the top of the ammonia production device (8).
3. Ammonia fuel engine control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the ammonia hydrogen production device (8) is adapted for a marine internal combustion engine prechamber device.
4. The ammonia fuel engine control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection quantity and the injection moment of the hydrogen gas injected into the prechamber cavity are realized by the ECU regulating the solenoid valve (10).
5. The ammonia fuel engine control system of claim 1, wherein the low pressure ammonia fuel supply unit comprises an ammonia storage tank, a heater, a surge tank, and a pressure controller connected in this order, the ammonia storage tank containing liquid ammonia.
6. The ammonia-fueled engine control system according to claim 1, wherein the intake valve (13) is provided in an intake passage, the exhaust valve (17) is provided in an exhaust passage, and the intake valve (13) and the exhaust valve (17) are provided on both left and right sides of a cylinder head, respectively, for changing an intake air amount in combination with a throttle device of the spark ignition ammonia-fueled engine.
7. The ammonia fuel engine control system of claim 1 wherein the ammonia injector is a liquid ammonia low pressure injector.
8. The ammonia fuel engine control system of claim 1, wherein waste heat generated by combustion of the spark-ignited ammonia fuel engine is used to supply ammonia to the hydrogen production device to facilitate the hydrogen production process, or to provide heat by installing an electrical heating device separately.
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CN112814778B (en) * 2020-12-31 2023-02-28 天津大学 Air-assisted jet flame ignition device and ignition method thereof
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