CN115024250B

CN115024250B - Bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of middle-large-size sea horses

Info

Publication number: CN115024250B
Application number: CN202210636186.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林听听; 张东; 刘鑫; 李思平
Original assignee: Binzhou Qianyuan Biotechnology Co ltd; East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Binzhou Qianyuan Biotechnology Co ltd; East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2022-06-07
Filing date: 2022-06-07
Publication date: 2023-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-07
Also published as: CN115024250A

Abstract

The invention provides a bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of middle-large-size sea horses, which comprises the following steps: A. the arrangement of the culture pond: the device comprises a nested drain pipe arrangement, a feeding point fixing and a sea horse winding device placing; B. decontamination before feeding: before feeding baits every morning, pulling out the inner tube, collecting a night Hippocampus outside the excrement discharge pool near the drain hole through the reducing connecting piece, and then inserting the inner tube; C. feeding ice shrimps: the method is characterized in that after the iced shrimps are cut into blocks, the iced shrimps are not frozen and are directly fed to a fixed feeding point; D. cleaning after feeding: the method of pulling out the inner pipe for draining water is adopted, and the method of manually sucking dirt is combined for cleaning dirt. By adopting the feeding method, the bait coefficient is reduced by about 30%, the dirt cleaning time is reduced by about 50%, the water flow is saved by about 30%, the sea horse cultivation cost is greatly reduced, and the cultivation benefit is improved.

Description

Bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of middle-large-size sea horses

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sea horse cultivation, and particularly relates to a bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of medium-and large-sized sea horses.

Background

Hippocampus is a traditional rare traditional Chinese medicine, the artificial cultivation of the Hippocampus has been developed continuously in the world for decades, and the large-scale artificial cultivation of the Hippocampus has been realized for more than 10 years in China, and the main cultivation species are Hippocampus cinerea (Hippocampus erectus) and Hippocampus with bellied abdomen (Hippocampus abdominalis).

The sea horse prefers to eat the live baits, and in a small specification stage (the new-born seedlings reach about 7cm in height), small zooplankton such as fresh rotifers, copepods, cladocera and artemia are frequently eaten; the medium-large specification stage (height 7-12cm, >12cm is often called parent fish specification) is reached, and fresh small shrimps such as furs and crayfish begin to be ingested. The sea horse can feed frozen furs or crayfishes by step-by-step domestication in medium and large scale stage. In large scale cultivation, the middle and large sized sea horses are currently fed with iced shrimps, because live shrimps are costly, inconvenient to transport, and unstable to supply. Various parameters of the feeding method of the iced shrimps, such as feeding frequency, feeding time, feeding amount and the like, have been reported more systematically, but no feeding mode of the iced shrimps has been reported yet.

At present, the traditional feeding mode of the iced shrimps is to defrost the iced shrimps, then clean the iced shrimps, drain the iced shrimps, and then put the iced shrimps into the sea horse culture pond at fixed points. The feeding method has the following defects: (1) The sea horse can ingest ice shrimps, but ingests ice shrimps which are vertically sunk in the feeding process. The ice shrimp sinking process is very short, and most of ice shrimps are not ingested in the process and sink to the bottom of the pond. Once the iced shrimp is submerged in the pool floor, the difficulty of ingestion by the hippocampus is increased. The hippocampus had to be primed with the abdomen and the iced shrimp pecked to the pool bottom with the long kissing. The kissing part collides with the pool wall heavily, so that the clattering-clattering sound is obvious when the food is ingested, the food ingestion is affected by a light person, and the kissing part is damaged by a heavy person. The food intake and the food intake speed of the sea horse on the ice shrimps at the bottom of the pond are greatly limited. (2) At the ice shrimp subsidence, the sea horse is hiped up, and piled up at high density. Their body tails intertwine, affecting ingestion; the second is that the sea horse breaks loose and winds, rushes out to a heavy area, can struggle the body, and moves to the open area, and then brings the ice shrimps to all corners of the pool bottom, thereby causing the illusion that the ice shrimps are ingested cleanly for the raiser, and further increasing the bait throwing amount. The feeding mode of the frozen shrimps for thawing has the negative effects of large bait coefficient and serious residual bait. The ice shrimps which are not ingested are soaked in water for a long time, are easy to decompose and autolyze, so that suspended matters in the water are increased, the water color is whitened, and diseases are further bred.

For this negative effect, the measures currently taken are: under the condition of small-scale cultivation, the iced shrimps are mostly adopted to feed for 1 hour, then the iced shrimps start to be manually decontaminated, and residual baits and faeces are sucked out of the pond through a siphon method. Under the condition of large-scale cultivation, the method for manually removing the dirt increases the workload and improves the labor cost, so that the expedient under the condition of large-scale cultivation is a large amount of running water; this not only increases the energy costs, but also runs counter to the trend of environmental friendly aquaculture. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce the culture cost (bait cost, labor cost, energy consumption cost and the like) of the sea horse and improve the culture benefit of the sea horse, the establishment of the bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale culture of the sea horse with medium and large specifications has great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of middle-large-size sea horses by changing feeding modes of ice shrimps. The method is beneficial to reducing the bait coefficient, reducing the labor cost and saving the water consumption, thereby improving the cultivation benefit. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of middle-and large-sized sea horses, which comprises the following steps:

A. arrangement of culture ponds

And setting the drain hole of the culture pond as a side position. A nested drain pipe is arranged at the drain hole, the diameter of an inner pipe of the drain pipe is consistent with that of the drain hole, an opening is arranged at the upper end part, and the lower end part is connected with the outer pipe through a reducing connecting piece provided with a sea horse blocking piece; when the inner pipe is not pulled out, the seawater in the pool is discharged out of the pool through the opening on the inner pipe, the flow rate is slow, and when the inner pipe is pulled out, the seawater in the pool is discharged out of the pool through the thin seam on the reducing connecting piece, and the flow rate is rapid. The nested drain pipe is provided with a floating ring type feeding point, and a sea horse winding device is arranged near the feeding point.

Preferably, the culture pond is rectangular, and the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole are arranged in opposite directions; the floating ring type feeding point is a plastic or foam floating ring with the diameter of 30-40 cm; the sea horse winding device is an iron wire frame, a plastic ring, a nylon rope and the like.

Preferably, the reducing connecting piece comprises an outer pipe mounting part positioned at the upper end, an inner pipe mounting part positioned at the lower end and a transitional connecting part positioned in the middle; the transition connecting part is conical, and a slit is arranged on the surface and used as a sea horse blocking piece; the inner pipe installation part is installed in the drain hole.

B. Dirt cleaning before feeding

Daily 07:00 cleaning. Since the hippocampal winding device is located near the drain hole, the faeces discharged by the hippocampus overnight are also concentrated near the drain hole. The inner pipe of the drainage Kong Chaguan is pulled out to drain, and most of the excrement in the pool can be discharged out of the pool through the thin seam on the reducing connecting piece. Then, the inner tube is inserted, and the micro-flow (inflow) water reaches the original water level. If some excreta which cannot be discharged exist in the pool, artificial dirt suction can be adopted.

C. Feeding ice shrimps

The feeding amount of the iced shrimps is about 12% of the weight of the sea horse every day, the iced shrimps are fed for three times, the three times are respectively fed at 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30, and the proportion of the three times of feeding amount is 40%:20%:40%. The feeding mode of the ice shrimps is that the ice shrimps are cut into blocks, the ice shrimps are directly fed into the floating ring without thawing, and the floating range of the ice shrimps is limited by the floating ring. Stopping inflating within 1 hour after each feeding; after 1 hour, the inner pipe is pulled out for draining, and the residual baits can be drained out of the pond through the fine slits on the reducing connecting piece because the feeding point (floating ring) is near the drain hole. Then the inner tube is inserted, the inflation is resumed, and the micro-flowing water reaches the original water level.

D. Dirt cleaning after feeding

The sewage is cleaned again at a ratio of 16:30 every day. Because of the relation of the sea horse swimming around in the daytime, the excrement of the sea horse is dispersed and spread at each corner of Quan Chi during the sewage suction. Therefore, besides pulling out the inner pipe to drain water and discharging the excrement near the drain hole out of the pool, the excrement near the water inlet needs to be combined with artificial dirt suction. After the end of the cleaning, the water is slightly flowed to 18:00.

In the invention, the drainage time of the cleaning before feeding in the step B is approximately the same as the drainage time of the cleaning after feeding in the step D, and is 1.5-2 times of the drainage time of the bait cleaning in the step C. As in the experimental process, the area of the culture pond is about12m ² The sewage removal and drainage time is 2-3 min, the bait removal and drainage time is 1-2 min, and if the area of the culture pond is enlarged, the drainage time is correspondingly increased.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

according to the invention, the sea horse winding device and the bait casting point are arranged near the drain hole, so that residual bait and excrement can be easily removed through drainage, and the manual trash removal time is saved. Experiments prove that the cleaning time is reduced to about 4 minutes from the original one-tank (the area is about 12 square meters) for about 8 minutes, and is reduced by about 50 percent. In addition, the invention utilizes the habit of the sea horses that the sea horses are happy to eat and sink in the process of feeding the sea shrimps without thawing, the sea shrimps floating on the water surface are ingested by the sea horses in the process of slowly thawing and dropping, the generation of residual baits is stopped, and the bait coefficient is reduced. The bait coefficient is reduced to about 5.8 from about 8.2, and is reduced by about 30 percent. The reduction of residual baits also contributes to the reduction of the water flow, and the water flow per pool is reduced from about 6 tons to about 4 tons per day, which is reduced by about 30 percent. The invention effectively reduces the culture cost of the sea horse and improves the culture benefit of the sea horse.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a culture pond according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure and installation of the nested drain pipe of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of the structure of the nested drain pipe, (B) is a schematic view of the structure of the reducing connector, (C) is a schematic view of the drainage when the inner pipe is inserted, and (D) is a schematic view of the drainage when the inner pipe is pulled out.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples thereof, which are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

1. Culture pond arrangement

Referring to fig. 1, a culture pond 1 is rectangular, a water inlet hole 2 and a water drain hole 3 are arranged in opposite directions, a nested water drain pipe 4 is arranged on the water drain hole 3, a floating ring 5 is arranged on the nested water drain pipe 4 as a fixed feeding point, and a sea horse winding device 6 is arranged near the feeding point.

The nested drain 4 is structured as shown in fig. 2, and includes an inner tube 41, an outer tube 42, and a reducing connector 43 (fig. 2A). The diameter of the inner pipe 41 is consistent with that of the drain hole 3, and the upper end part is provided with an opening 411; the outer tube 42 has a diameter of about twice that of the inner tube and a height slightly higher than the opening 411; the reducing connector 43 includes an outer tube mounting portion 431 at an upper end, an inner tube mounting portion 432 at a lower end, and a transitional connection portion 433 in the middle (fig. 2B). The inner pipe mounting part 432 is mounted in the drain hole 3, the transitional connecting part 433 is conical, and the surface is provided with a slit 433a which is used as a drain channel and a sea horse blocking piece to prevent sea horses from entering the drain hole 3.

When the inner pipe is not pulled out, the seawater in the culture pond 1 is discharged out of the pond through the opening 411 on the inner pipe, the flow speed is slow, and the culture pond is in a micro water flow state (figure 2C); when the inner pipe is pulled out, the seawater in the pool is discharged to the outside of the pool through the fine seam on the reducing connecting piece, and the flow rate is rapid (figure 2D).

The floating ring 5 is a plastic or foam floating ring, and the diameter is determined according to the area of the culture pond; the sea horse winding attachment device 6 is an iron wire frame, a plastic ring, a nylon rope and the like. Both the floating ring 5 and the sea horse winding device 6 are arranged near the drain hole, and the residual baits and the dejection are concentrated in the drain hole, thereby being beneficial to centralized cleaning.

2. Bait feeding

The following area is about 12m ² The cultivation pond is used as an example, the pollution cleaning and bait feeding modes are described, and the effect is compared with that of the traditional feeding modes.

(1) Dirt cleaning before feeding

Daily 07:00 cleaning. Since the hippocampal winding device is located near the drain hole, the faeces discharged by the hippocampus overnight are also concentrated near the drain hole. The inner pipe of the drainage Kong Chaguan is pulled out to drain for 2-3 minutes, and most of the excrement in the pool can be discharged out of the pool through the fine seam on the reducing connecting piece 43. Thereafter, the inner tube 41 is inserted, and the micro-fluid (inflow) water reaches the original water level. If some excreta which cannot be discharged exist in the pool, artificial dirt suction can be adopted.

(2) Feeding ice shrimps

The feeding amount of the iced shrimps is about 12% of the weight of the sea horse every day, the iced shrimps are fed for three times, the three times are respectively fed at 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30, and the proportion of the three times of feeding amount is 40%:20%:40%. The feeding mode of the ice shrimps is that the ice shrimps are cut into blocks, and then the ice shrimps are directly fed into the floating ring without thawing. Stopping inflating within 1 hour after each feeding; pulling out the inner tube after 1 hour, and draining for 1-2 minutes; then the inner tube is inserted, the inflation is resumed, and the micro-flowing water reaches the original water level.

(3) Dirt cleaning after feeding

The sewage is cleaned again at a ratio of 16:30 every day. Except for pulling out the inner tube, draining for 2-3 minutes, and combining with artificial dirt suction. After the end of the cleaning, the water is slightly flowed to 18:00.

3. Effect contrast

In the experiment, the traditional sea horse feeding method (namely, the frozen feeding of the iced shrimps, a large amount of running water and artificial dirt absorption) is used as a control group, and the amount, the feeding times and the feeding proportion of each time of the iced shrimps fed by the experimental group and the control group are consistent, but are different in feeding modes (frozen feeding and unfreezing), dirt removing modes and running water modes.

The total feeding amount of the experimental group and the control group for 45 days was 27kg. The hippocampus of the experimental group grew from an average height of 8cm (wet weight of about 2.3 g) to an average height of 11.5cm (wet weight of about 6.3 g) on 45 days, survived 1179 tails, and the bait coefficient was 5.78. The control hippocampus survived 1170 feet in 45 days from an average height of 8cm (wet weight of about 2.3 g) to 10.4cm (wet weight of about 5.2 g) with a bait coefficient of 8.12. The bait coefficient is reduced by about 30%, and the water flow is saved by about 30%.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. The bait-saving and labor-saving feeding method for large-scale cultivation of the middle-large-size sea horses is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

A. arrangement of culture ponds

Setting a drain hole of a culture pond as a side position, arranging a nested drain pipe at the drain hole, wherein the diameter of an inner pipe of the drain pipe is consistent with that of the drain hole, an opening is arranged at the upper end part, and the lower end part is connected with an outer pipe through a reducing connecting piece provided with a sea horse blocking piece; when the inner pipe is not pulled out, the seawater in the pool is discharged out of the pool through the opening on the inner pipe, the flow rate is slow, when the inner pipe is pulled out, the seawater in the pool is discharged out of the pool through the thin seam on the reducing connecting piece, the flow rate is rapid,

a floating ring type feeding point is arranged on the nested drain pipe, and a sea horse winding device is arranged near the feeding point;

B. dirt cleaning before feeding

Before feeding baits every morning, pulling out the inner tube, collecting a night Hippocampus outside the excrement discharge pool near the drain hole through the reducing connecting piece, and then inserting the inner tube;

C. feeding ice shrimps

The feeding amount of the iced shrimps is about 12% of the weight of the sea horse, the iced shrimps are fed for three times in the morning, in the evening, and the proportion of the three feeding amounts is 40%:20%:40%; the feeding mode of the ice shrimps is that the ice shrimps are cut into blocks, the ice shrimps are not frozen and are directly fed into the floating ring type feeding point to limit the drifting range of the ice shrimps,

stopping the floating ring to inflate within 1 hour after each feeding, pulling out the inner pipe after 1 hour, discharging the residual bait out of the pond through the reducing connecting piece, inserting the inner pipe, and recovering to inflate, wherein the residual bait is slightly flowing water to the original water level;

D. dirt cleaning after feeding

After bait feeding at night is finished, the inner tube is pulled out, the drainage time is prolonged, scattered excrement caused by the activities of the hippocampus in the daytime is discharged out of the pond, and the excrement near the water inlet needs to be combined with artificial dirt suction; after the end of the decontamination, the inner tube is inserted, and the micro-flowing water is kept for a certain time.

2. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

in the step A, the culture pond is rectangular, the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes are arranged in opposite directions, and the floating ring type feeding point is a plastic or foam floating ring with the diameter of 30-40 cm.

3. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the reducing connecting piece comprises an outer pipe mounting part positioned at the upper end, an inner pipe mounting part positioned at the lower end and a transitional connecting part positioned in the middle;

the surface of the transition connecting part is provided with a slit which is used as a sea horse blocking piece; the inner pipe installation part is installed in the drain hole.

4. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

in the step B and the step D, if some excreted feces exist in the pool, further sucking the feces by adopting a manual dirt sucking mode.

5. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

wherein, the drainage time of the cleaning before feeding in the step B is the same as the drainage time of the cleaning after feeding in the step D, which is 1.5-2 times of the drainage time of the bait cleaning in the step C.

6. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

in the step C, iced shrimps are fed at 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30 each day, and the cleaning is started at 07:00 each day.

7. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

wherein, in step D, after the end of the cleaning, the micro water flow is maintained for at least 1 hour.

8. The feeding method for saving bait and labor in large-scale cultivation of the middle-and large-sized sea horses according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

wherein, the winding device of the sea horse comprises an iron wire frame, a plastic ring and a nylon rope.