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CN114934406A - 纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺 - Google Patents

纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN114934406A
CN114934406A CN202210688367.1A CN202210688367A CN114934406A CN 114934406 A CN114934406 A CN 114934406A CN 202210688367 A CN202210688367 A CN 202210688367A CN 114934406 A CN114934406 A CN 114934406A
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paper
water vapor
barrier layer
coating
parts
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张梦梦
杨业高
廖祝胜
黄春勇
陈宇
卢亚男
卞佳怡
唐淑蓉
杨岚
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Jiangsu Daya New Packaging Material Co ltd
Foshan Nanhai Lihao Packaging Co ltd
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Foshan Nanhai Lihao Packaging Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于包装材料技术领域,涉及一种纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,首先,在纸基材表面层压水蒸气阻隔层,所述水蒸气阻隔层经由涂布抗水蒸气渗透涂料而形成,其次,在该阻隔层之表面层压一层气体阻隔层,所述气体阻隔层经涂布水溶性高分子溶液而形成,溶液浓度为5~15wt%,最后在气体阻隔层表面涂布抗水蒸气渗透性涂料以形成水蒸气阻隔层,干燥后即得;其中,所述抗水蒸气渗透涂料按重量份,由树脂5~15份、天然生物聚合物5~15份、颜料0.2~2份、助剂0.2~2份、纳米颗粒0.2~2份,水50~100份混合而成。本发明工艺简单,所制得的纸制阻隔材料,既具备气体阻隔性,又具有水蒸气阻隔性,有效提高了纸基材料的水蒸气阻隔性和气体阻隔性。

Description

纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于包装材料技术领域,涉及复合纸基材料,尤其涉及一种纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺。
背景技术
赋予纸基材料以抗气体透过性(尤其是抗氧气渗透性)与抗水蒸气渗透性,有助于保护经包装产品避免受气体和水蒸气引起的劣化,例如因氧气引起的氧化和水蒸气导致食品受潮等,这些特质非常重要。在商业上,纸张的防水措施,也称为纸张预施胶,是用由铝等金属构成的金属箔或金属蒸镀膜、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯酸酯、油、清漆、合成乳胶等来实现纸张的阻隔性,再辅以浸渍加工、纸塑复合技术等。
作为具有抗水蒸气和抗气体渗透性的纸制包装材料,已经公开的有由水溶性高分子和无机纳米颗粒状化合物形成的抗气体阻隔层的纸制阻隔材料,在被覆盖层上设置了由特定的乙烯醇类聚合物构成的阻隔层的纸制阻隔材料等。
此外,还赋予了纸制包装材料的耐水性,特别是抗水蒸气透过性,对于保护食品免受水蒸气引起的食品受潮等劣化也很重要。将水蒸气阻隔性良好的树脂材料、蜂蜡及蛋白构成的防潮层的纸制包装材料,可提高纸制包装材料对湿气的阻隔性能。进而,作为赋予纸制包装材料以抗气体渗透性和抗水蒸气渗透性两种特性的包装材料,已知的有在纸基上层压具有抗气体渗透性的树脂和抗水蒸气透过性的蜡、天然生物聚合物的包装材料。
然而,分别在纸基材料表面层压抗气体渗透层和抗水蒸气渗透层的树脂材料,功能较为单一,无法满足保证食品品质各种储存条件。而且,树脂可选择的种类有限,因此,需要制备同时具有抗氧气渗透性及水蒸气渗透性的高阻隔性纸制包装材料,才能满足食品的储存条件。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于公开一种纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,在纸基材上依次设置水蒸气阻隔层、气体阻隔层以及水蒸气阻隔层,既具备气体阻隔性,又具备水蒸气阻隔性。
一种纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,首先,在纸基材表面层压水蒸气阻隔层,所述水蒸气阻隔层经由涂布抗水蒸气渗透涂料而形成,其次,在该阻隔层之表面层压一层气体阻隔层,所述气体阻隔层经涂布水溶性高分子溶液而形成,溶液浓度为5~15wt%,最后在气体阻隔层表面涂布抗水蒸气渗透性涂料以形成水蒸气阻隔层,干燥后即得;其中,所述抗水蒸气渗透涂料按重量份,由树脂5~15份、天然生物聚合物5~15份、颜料0.2~2份、助剂0.2~2份、纳米颗粒0.2~2份,水50~100份混合而成。
本发明较优公开例中,所述纸基材克重≥60g/m2,由木质或非木质生物质或回收纤维通过化学和/或机械制浆生产,优选通过化学制浆所得的纸浆,更优选的为阔叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(LBKP)、针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(NBKP)。
所述树脂为丙烯酸类、苯乙烯-丁二烯类、苯乙烯-丙烯酸类、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯类、丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯类、乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯类等的各种共聚物、马来酸酐共聚物、丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯类共聚物等单一或以任意比例混合,优选丙烯酸类树脂。
所述天然生物聚合物为酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、合成蛋白等的蛋白质类中的任一种;或者为氧化淀粉、阳离子化淀粉、尿素磷酸酯化淀粉、羟乙基醚化淀粉等的淀粉类中的任一种;或者为羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等的纤维素衍生物中的任一种。
所述助剂包括水溶性聚合物、分散剂、增粘剂、保水剂、消泡剂、耐水化剂、荧光染料和偶联剂,以惯常比例配制;其中所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
所述纳米颗粒为纳米氧化锌或纳米氧化镁,粒径5~150nm。
本发明较优公开例中,抗水蒸气渗透涂料的涂布量以干燥重量计,为3~50g/m2
本发明较优公开例中,所述水溶性高分子为聚乙烯醇及其衍生物、乙烯共聚聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠等中的任一种;优选聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素,更优选聚乙烯醇的衍生物,如完全皂化聚乙烯醇、部分皂化聚乙烯醇。
本发明较优公开例中,所述气体阻隔层的涂布量以干燥重量计,为0.5~8g/m2
本发明在涂布各层涂料时需要干燥工序,属于常规技术手段。
根据本发明所述工艺制得的纸制阻隔材料,在纸基材上依次设置水蒸气阻隔层、气体阻隔层以及水蒸气阻隔层,既具备气体阻隔性,又具备水蒸气阻隔性。
本发明通过在纸基材表面依次设置抗水蒸气渗透层、抗气体渗透层以及抗水蒸气渗透层,使纸制包装材料兼具气体阻隔性和水蒸气阻隔性。两种抗渗透层经由涂布水性的涂布料形成,涂布料中添加高分子粘合剂、颜料、交联剂等。在纸基材表面涂布耐水性良好的树脂的水蒸气阻隔层时,水蒸气阻隔层可以防止纸基材中的水分等对气体阻隔层产生劣化影响。气体阻隔层材料是水溶性高分子,将气体阻隔层设置在两层水蒸气阻隔层中间,最外层的水蒸气阻隔层可以防止空气中的水分等对气体阻隔层产生劣化影响。因此本发明的纸制包装材料具有良好的水蒸气阻隔性和气体阻隔性。
纸基材:本发明所用的纸基材理想的原料是叶木或阔叶木浆。一般来说,针叶木浆以其长纤维和高结合能力用于提供纸页的强度性质,而阔叶木以其纤维较短和纤维长度分布较窄而用于提高纸张表面平滑度。在造纸过程中,每一个工序和组成部分都直接或间接地对其表面性能产生影响。纤维取向、施胶处理、填料和细粒含量、压延压痕、涂膜厚度等因素对平整度、不透明度、亮度和印刷适性有影响。
纸张涂布的过程,是通过覆盖外部边界的纤维素纤维,并用粘合剂(通常是淀粉和/或合成乳胶)、颜料和/或其他剂填充它们之间的空间,从而获得表面均匀的纸张。这一操作通常在干燥和压延之后进行,以获得具有更好的上浆、印刷和阻隔性能的纸张。
可以由木质或非木质生物质或回收纤维通过化学和/或机械制浆生产。化学制浆过程溶解纤维素基质中的木质素部分,然后将后者转化为纸。可以使用阔叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(LBKP)、针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(NBKP)、亚硫酸盐纸浆(SP)等的化学纸浆,磨石磨木浆(SGP)、热磨机械浆(TMP)、化学热磨机械浆(CTMP)等的机械纸浆,优先使用化学纸浆,有以下理由:异物不易混入原纸中;将使用过的纸容器用作旧纸原料循环时不易变色;并且作为印刷材料时使用感良好且使用价值较高。更优选使用阔叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(LBKP)、针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆(NBKP)。
纸基材的制造方法:可使用公知的长网成形器、叠网复合成形机(on-top hybridformer)、夹网纸机(Gap Formermachine),用酸性抄纸、中性抄纸、碱性抄纸方式进行抄纸而制造纸基材。就纸基材而言,优选用于一般的涂布纸原纸的基重为20g/m2以上、500g/m2以下的纸基材。此外,可以用各种制剂处理纸基材的表面。一般涂料用颜料的比表面积以9~22m2/g为好,其中轻质碳酸钙的比表面可达到10~50m2/g。例如氧化淀粉、羟乙基醚化淀粉、氧改性淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、表面施胶剂、耐水化剂、保水剂、增粘剂、润滑剂等,可将这些单独或2种以上混合使用。
原纸加填料的目的在于提高其白度和不透明度,但填料的加入将降低原纸的强度和表面强度用于涂布原纸和原纸板的填料主要有滑石粉、高岭土、碳酸钙、二氧化钛等。
水蒸气阻隔层:在抗水蒸气渗透层中含有的树脂,可将丙烯酸类、苯乙烯-丁二烯类、苯乙烯-丙烯酸类、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯类、丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯类、乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯类等的各种共聚物、马来酸酐共聚物、丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯类共聚物等单独或2种以上混合使用,优选丙烯酸类树脂。另外,酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、合成蛋白等的蛋白质类,氧化淀粉、阳离子化淀粉、尿素磷酸酯化淀粉、羟乙基醚化淀粉等的淀粉类,羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等的纤维素衍生物等的水溶性高分子与上述树脂合并使用。
当水蒸气阻隔层中含有颜料时,有高岭土、粘土、工程高岭土(EngineeredKaolin)、涂布粘土、重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、滑石、二氧化钛、硫酸钡、硫酸钙、氧化锌等颜料,树脂和颜料的配合量优选为相对于100重量份的颜料(干燥重量),树脂(干燥重量)在5重量份以上、200重量份以下的范围内使用,更优选树脂为10重量份以上、150重量份以下。并且,在水蒸气阻隔层中除树脂、颜料外,也可以使用水溶性聚合物、分散剂、增粘剂、保水剂、消泡剂、耐水化剂、染料、荧光染料、交联剂等助剂。
在本发明中,水蒸气阻隔层的涂布量以干燥重量计,3~50g/m2。当涂布量少于3g/m2时涂布液完全覆盖原纸比较困难,存在无法得到充分的水蒸气阻隔性或由于气体阻隔层浸透于纸基材而无法获得均一的气体阻隔性的问题。当超过40g/m2时,涂布时的干燥负荷变大,从操作、成本而言无需优选。
气体阻隔层:在气体阻隔层中使用的水溶性高分子,可以为完全皂化聚乙烯醇、部分皂化聚乙烯醇、乙烯共聚聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠等。其中,从气体阻隔性的观点出发,优选聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素,更优选聚乙烯醇。
评价测试方法:
(1)水蒸气透过率:使用透湿性测试仪(西塘科技公司制),在温度38±0.5℃、相对湿度90±2%的条件下进行了测定。且,使用形成层压层之前的纸制阻隔材料进行了测定;
(2)氧气透过率:使用透氧率测定装置(MOCON公司制,OX-TRAN2/21),在23℃-0%RH以及23℃-85%RH的条件下进行了测定。另外,使用形成层压层之前的纸制阻隔材料进行了测定。
有益效果
本发明工艺简单,在纸基表面经涂布抗水蒸气渗透涂料和水溶性高分子溶液,从而在纸基材上依次设置水蒸气阻隔层、气体阻隔层以及水蒸气阻隔层,既具备气体阻隔性,又具有水蒸气阻隔性,有效提高了纸基材料的水蒸气阻隔性和气体阻隔性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明,以使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,但本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
另外,只要没有特别声明,实施例中的份和%分别表示重量份、重量%。
另外,对涂布液以及得到的功能性纸,基于评价测试方法进行了试验。
实施例1
一、水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液的制备
将较大粒径的纳米颗粒氧化锌进行高速剪切,并添加作为硅烷偶联剂的KH570(相对于无机颜料的0.04份),使用混合机分散,制备成改性的纳米氧化锌浆料,进而,相对于树脂颜料1份配合丙烯酸类防水剂(48%,RX-20,韩华)100份(固体成分),得到固体成分浓度为48wt%的涂布液A。
二、气体(氧气)阻隔层用涂布液的制备
使作为水溶性高分子的聚乙烯醇的固体成分浓度为10wt%来进行制备,得到涂布液B。
三、纸制阻隔材料的制备
原纸上,使用手动涂布棒匀速使涂布液A的涂布量(干燥)为10g/m2进行单面涂布并干燥后,在其上,使用涂布棒匀速使涂布液B的涂布量(干燥)为5.0g/m2进行单面涂布,干燥后,在此基础上,匀速使涂布液A的涂布量(干燥)为10g/m2进行单面涂布并干燥,从而得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例2
将在气体阻隔层用涂布液中添加增塑剂,相对于聚乙烯醇100份配合甘油类增塑剂10份(固体成分),除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例3
将在水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液中配合的纳米颗粒氧化锌变更为纳米氧化镁,除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例4
在制备水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液时,将防水剂变更为石蜡类防水剂,除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例5
在制备水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液时,将防水剂丙烯酸树脂固体含量(48%)变更为40%,除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例6
在制备水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液时,将防水剂丙烯酸树脂固体含量(48%)变更为40%,氧化锌变更为相对于丙烯酸100份配合氧化锌2份(固体成分),除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例7
将在水蒸气阻隔层用涂布液中配合的氧化锌变更为相对于丙烯酸100份配合氧化锌2份(固体成分),除此之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
实施例8
将涂布液A的涂布量以干燥重量计,由30g/m2变更为20g/m2,除此之外与实施例1同样,得到纸制抗渗透包装材料。
实施例9
将涂布液B的涂布量以干燥重量计,由5g/m2变更为3g/m2,除此之外与实施例1同样,得到纸制抗渗透包装材料。
对比例1
除在纸基材上依次设置气体阻隔层、水蒸气阻隔层外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
对比例2
除在气体阻隔层用涂布液中添加增塑剂之外,以与实施例1相同的方法得到纸制阻隔材料。
表1不同改性纸制阻隔材料的阻隔性能数据一览表
Figure BDA0003698695220000071
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:首先,在纸基材表面层压水蒸气阻隔层,所述水蒸气阻隔层经由涂布抗水蒸气渗透涂料而形成,其次,在该阻隔层之表面层压一层气体阻隔层,所述气体阻隔层经涂布水溶性高分子溶液而形成,溶液浓度为5~15wt%,最后在气体阻隔层表面涂布抗水蒸气渗透性涂料以形成水蒸气阻隔层,干燥后即得;其中,所述抗水蒸气渗透涂料按重量份,由树脂5~15份、天然生物聚合物5~15份、颜料0.2~2份、助剂0.2~2份、纳米颗粒0.2~2份,水50~100份混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述纸基材克重≥60g/m2
3.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述纸基材由木质或非木质生物质或回收纤维通过化学和/或机械制浆生产,优选通过化学制浆所得的纸浆,更优选的为阔叶树漂白牛皮纸浆、针叶树漂白牛皮纸浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述天然生物聚合物为酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、合成蛋白中的任一种;或者为氧化淀粉、阳离子化淀粉、尿素磷酸酯化淀粉、羟乙基醚化淀粉中的任一种;或者为羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素中的任一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述助剂包括水溶性聚合物、分散剂、增粘剂、保水剂、消泡剂、耐水化剂、荧光染料和偶联剂,以惯常比例配制;其中所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述纳米颗粒为纳米氧化锌或纳米氧化镁,粒径5~150nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:抗水蒸气渗透涂料的涂布量以干燥重量计,为3~50g/m2
8.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述水溶性高分子为聚乙烯醇及其衍生物、乙烯共聚聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠中的任一种;优选聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素,更优选聚乙烯醇的衍生物,如完全皂化聚乙烯醇、部分皂化聚乙烯醇。
9.根据权利要求1所述的纸制阻隔材料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述气体阻隔层的涂布量以干燥重量计,为0.5~8g/m2
10.根据权利要求1-9任一所述工艺制备得到的纸制阻隔材料。
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