CN114855448A - 一种抗冠状病毒无纺布及其制备方法、包含其的口罩 - Google Patents
一种抗冠状病毒无纺布及其制备方法、包含其的口罩 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗冠状病毒无纺布及其制备方法、包含其的口罩,属于口罩加工领域,一种抗冠状病毒无纺布及其制备方法、包含其的口罩,所述抗冠状病毒无纺布中含有纳米银,还含有无机剂和/或有机剂;所述无机剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米钨酸铋或纳米二氧化硅中的任意一种或至少两种组合;所述有机剂包括壳聚糖和/或季铵盐。所述口罩由内至外依次包括第一织物层、所述抗冠状病毒无纺布和第二织物层。本发明在不影响透气性的同时,赋予口罩长效的、防雾霾、防疫抗冠状病毒性能,对空气中甲醛、苯等有害气体具有催化降解功能,并且可反复水洗,循环使用,大大降低防护口罩使用成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及口罩加工领域,更具体地说,涉及一种抗冠状病毒无纺布及其制备方法、包含其的口罩。
背景技术
口罩是一种常用的卫生防护用品。随着工业化进程的快速发展,大气污染愈加严重,空气质量不断恶化,雾霾天气的频繁出现对人们身体健康造成威胁,尤其是对长期在室外工作的人们危害更为严重。另一方面,空气中存有多种冠状病毒,流感、禽流感等传染病爆发期间人们出门戴口罩几乎成为必不可少的环节。普通纱布或无纺布口罩由于功能单一、无法有效隔离雾霾和冠状病毒,已经被逐步淘汰,各种不同结构的口罩不断面世,这其中包括防护雾霾功能和防冠状病毒功能的口罩。
但现有技术的口罩存有如下问题:1.防冠状病毒功能达不到预期效果;2.目前所使用的防护口罩均是一次性的,不能清洗、使用时间短,无法重复使用,增加了使用成本,一定程度上造成浪费;3.现有口罩缺乏对空气中甲醛、苯等有害气体净化功能。
CN109645595A公开了一种无纺布口罩及其制备方法,所述无纺布口罩主要由无纺布制成,所述无纺布层包括以下物质组成:金钟藤纤维10-12份、竹纤维10-12份、聚丙烯20-22份、壳聚糖4-6份、硝酸银溶液2-4份、海藻酸钠1-3份、金银花1-3份、罗望子1-2份、仙人掌1-4份、牛至3-5份、分散剂0.2-0.4份。其制备方法为:植物提取液制备、剂制备、纤维制备、无纺布制造等步骤。通过将壳聚糖、硝酸银溶液和海藻酸钠搅拌混合制备成剂添加至聚丙烯中进行纺丝,制成纤维后制备无纺布。但是,这种口罩的防雾霾效果较差,且难以重复利用。
CN106031530A公开了一种防雾霾消毒口罩及制备方法,所述口罩包括罩体,罩体设有滤片袋,滤片袋内装有隔离滤片,隔离滤片由无纺布层、碳纤维层和消毒层构成,消毒层中部为纱布在纱布双面涂覆二氧化钛壳聚糖膜。该发明方法包括配置TiO2溶胶、配置壳聚糖溶液胶、磁力搅拌、超声波震荡、涂布成膜、制作滤片等步骤。该口罩消毒、防雾霾效果好,具有吸附过滤重金属离子的功能,吸水透气性强,可快速吸收呼吸排出的水汽,减少了寒冷天气水雾对佩戴眼镜的不利影响。但是该口罩消毒持久性差,不耐水洗。
CN101829413A公开了一种杀菌抗冠状病毒型口罩,口罩里层是聚丙烯无纺布,外层是浸渍有纳米银杀菌溶剂的聚丙烯长纤维无纺布,里、外层之间是过滤布;三层无纺布重叠后,再依次三~五次折叠后,两头热压成型,在口罩一侧边缘内嵌有鼻梁压条。该发明的优点是采用纳米银无纺布制作而成,无毒、无味、无刺激、无过敏,具有极强的杀菌和抗冠状病毒功效;产品保质期长,在常规环境下保管能保证长期不失效。但是该口罩层数较多,透气性能较差,防霾防疫效果没有体现。
因此,本领域亟待开发一种口罩,其具有良好的抗冠状病毒、防雾霾性能,其对空气中甲醛、苯等有害气体具有催化降解功能,具有良好的透气性,可反复水洗,重复利用。
发明内容
1.要解决的技术问题
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供指数曲线型软体驱动器,它可以实现,能够同时具有抗冠状病毒、抗雾霾、降解有害气体的功能,且透气性好,可反复水洗,循环使用。
2.技术方案
为解决上述问题,本发明采用如下的技术方案。
本发明提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,所述抗冠状病毒无纺布中含有纳米银,还含有无机剂和/或有机剂;
所述无机剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米钨酸铋或纳米二氧化硅中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
所述有机剂包括壳聚糖和/或季铵盐。
本发明提供了一种新型的抗冠状病毒无纺布,通过引入纳米银以及特定的无机剂和/或有机剂,由于将传统的金属离子抗冠状病毒技术与无机纳米材料的光触媒技术相结合,使其获得优异的效果和抗冠状病毒效果。
本发明中,所述抗冠状病毒无纺布中可以是含有纳米银和无机剂,或者纳米银和有机剂,或者纳米银、无机剂、有机剂三者的组合。
优选地,所述纳米银的平均粒径为10~30nm,例如11nm、12nm、13nm、14nm、15nm、16nm、17nm、18nm、19nm、20nm、21nm、22nm、23nm、24nm、25nm、26nm、27nm、28nm、29nm等。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种口罩,尤其在于提供一种防霾防疫抗冠状病毒可水洗口罩,所述口罩由内至外依次包括第一织物层、目的之一所述的抗冠状病毒无纺布和第二织物层。
本发明提供的口罩由于包含所述抗冠状病毒无纺布,具有优异的效果和抗冠状病毒效果,且透气性好。
优选地,在所述第一织物层和抗冠状病毒无纺布之间设置有防霾过滤层,所述防霾过滤层为掺杂有石墨烯和/或活性炭的无纺布。
在进一步优选方案中,设置防霾过滤层,将金属离子技术、有机物技术、光触媒技术三者相结合,同时辅以石墨烯和/或活性碳的吸附防尘性,在不影响透气性的同时,赋予口罩长效的、防雾霾、防疫抗冠状病毒性能,对空气中甲醛、苯等有害气体具有催化降解功能,率达到99%以上,并且对流感冠状病毒(例如H1N1和H3N2)的速杀效果非常好,抗冠状病毒活性率99%以上,对皮肤无刺激性,此外,该款口罩可有效防止98%以上雾霾颗粒,有效预防PM2.5,可反复水洗,循环使用,大大降低防护口罩使用成本。
优选地,所述防霾过滤层中石墨烯和活性炭的含量各自独立地为15~30g/m2,例如16g/m2、17g/m2、18g/m2、19g/m2、20g/m2、21g/m2、22g/m2、23g/m2、24g/m2、25g/m2、26g/m2、27g/m2、28g/m2、29g/m2等。
优选地,所述第一织物层为无纺布、棉布或纱布中的任意一种。
所述第二织物层为经过超双疏处理的无纺布。
优选地,所述超双疏处理包括有机氟整理剂浸渍处理、有机氟整理剂涂层处理或有机氟整理剂喷雾处理。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法:包括A、B两种方法:
其中,A方法包括以下步骤:
将纳米银溶胶、无机剂和/或有机剂混合并配置成溶胶,将无纺布浸泡于所述溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布;
其中,B方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将纳米银掺杂的无机剂、纤维材料和溶剂混合,进行静电纺丝得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布;
或者,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
S2:将纳米银溶胶、无机剂和/或有机剂混合并配置成溶胶;
S3:将纳米银掺杂的无机剂、纤维材料和溶剂混合,进行静电纺丝得到无纺布;
S4:将S3得到的无纺布浸泡于S2得到的溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布。
本发明提供的制备方法操作简单,其中,可以将纳米银掺杂的无机剂与纤维材料混合,采用静电纺丝的方法制备得到抗冠状病毒无纺布,静电纺丝能够将纳米光催化抗冠状病毒材料植入至纤维材料内部,从而使得到的抗冠状病毒无纺布经过反复水洗之后依然保有良好的和抗冠状病毒效果。
并且,采用纳米银掺杂的无机剂能够在光照条件下能带跃迁,可与氧分子形成超氧离子,超氧离子与水进一步形成活性羟基和双氧水,超氧离子、活性羟基及双氧水可与生物大分子反应,直接损害细菌和冠状病毒的细胞结构引起损伤性破坏,从而进一步提高和抗冠状病毒效果。
此外,采用溶胶的形式制备无纺布,能够在无纺布表面形成一层,通过银离子快速有效杀菌杀冠状病毒,从而进一步提高和抗冠状病毒效果。
优选地,方法A中,所述烘干的温度为100~110℃,例如101℃、102℃、103℃、104℃、105℃、106℃、107℃、108℃、109℃等。
优选地,S1中,所述纳米银掺杂的无机剂包括纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和/或纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛,优选纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的组合。
在本发明的优选方案中,选用纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和/或纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛,其具有光触媒性质,相较于其他类型的无机剂,这两种无机剂经过银的掺杂之后,通过纳米银杀菌杀冠状病毒与光触媒杀菌协同作用,能够使无纺布具有更佳的抗冠状病毒效果。
优选地,S1中,所述纤维材料包括腈纶、锦纶、涤纶或丙纶中的任意一种或至少两种组合。
优选地,S1中,所述溶剂包括二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基亚砜中的任意一种或至少两种组合。
优选地,S1具体包括:将2-6份(例如2份、4份、5份等)纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1-3份(例如1.2份、1.4份、1.6份、1.8份、2份、2.2份、2.4份、2.6份、2.8份等)纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及60-95份(例如65份、70份、75份、80份、85份、90份等)纤维材料溶于溶剂中,进行静电纺丝得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布。
优选地,S4中,所述烘干的温度为100~110℃,例如101℃、102℃、103℃、104℃、105℃、106℃、107℃、108℃、109℃等。
优选地,S3中,所述纳米银掺杂的无机剂包括纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和/或纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛,优选纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的组合。
优选地,S3中,所述纤维材料包括涤纶、丙纶或腈纶中的任意一种或至少两种组合。
优选地,S3中,所述溶剂包括二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺中的任意一种或至少两种组合。
优选地,所述制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
S2将纳米银溶胶、无机剂和/或有机剂混合并配置成溶胶;
S2将2-6份(例如2份、4份、5份等)纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1-3份(例如1.2份、1.4份、1.6份、1.8份、2份、2.2份、2.4份、2.6份、2.8份等)纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及60-95份(例如65份、70份、75份、80份、85份、90份等)纤维材料溶于溶剂中,进行静电纺丝得到无纺布;
S4将S3得到的无纺布浸泡于S2得到的溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布。
优选地,所述纳米银溶胶中纳米银的质量分数为5‰~10‰,例如5.5‰、6‰、6.5‰、7‰、7.5‰、8‰、8.5‰、9‰、9.5‰等。
优选地,S1或S2包括:将3-15份(例如4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份、13份、14份等)纳米银溶胶、2-15份(3份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份、13份、14份等)无机剂和/或3-10份(4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份等)有机剂混合并配置成溶胶。
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的优点在于:
本发明提供的防霾防疫抗冠状病毒可水洗口罩制备工艺简单,将金属离子技术、有机物技术、光触媒技术三者相结合,同时辅以石墨烯和活性碳的吸附防尘性,在不影响透气性的同时,赋予口罩长效的、防雾霾、防疫抗冠状病毒性能,对空气中甲醛、苯等有害气体具有催化降解功能,率达到99%以上,并且对流感冠状病毒(例如H1N1和H3N2)的速杀效果非常好,抗冠状病毒活性率99%以上,对皮肤无刺激性,此外,该款口罩可有效防止98%以上雾霾颗粒,有效预防PM2.5,可反复水洗,循环使用,大大降低防护口罩使用成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的口罩的剖面图;
其中,1-第一织物层,2-防霾过滤层,3-抗冠状病毒无纺布,4-第二织物层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述;显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中所使用的原料如下:
纳米银溶胶:将硝酸银溶液加热至沸腾,向其中加入柠檬酸钠溶液,加热搅拌20min,自然冷却至室温,制得纳米银溶胶;
纳米钨酸铋:粒径为20nm;
纳米二氧化钛:粒径为15nm;
壳聚糖:重均分子量为200000;
涤纶:购于潍坊欣汇纺织有限公司;
纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋:纳米银掺杂量为1.5wt.%;
纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛:纳米银掺杂量为2.0wt.%。
实施例1:
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,制备方法如下:
将7份纳米银溶胶(其中纳米银质量分数为8‰,平均粒径为10nm)、3份纳米钨酸铋、2份纳米二氧化钛混合并溶于30份的蒸馏水配置成溶胶,将无纺布浸泡于溶胶中,100℃烘干、压平、收卷,得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于,将纳米二氧化钛替换为等量的壳聚糖,将纳米钨酸铋替换为等量的季铵盐(三甲氧基硅丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵),烘干的温度为110℃。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于,将纳米二氧化钛替换为等量的壳聚糖。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,制备方法如下:
将2份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及60份涤纶溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,进行静电纺丝得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,制备方法如下:
将6份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、3份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及95份涤纶溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,进行静电纺丝得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,制备方法如下:
将4份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、2份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及80份涤纶溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,进行静电纺丝得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
实施例7
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a.将6份纳米银溶胶(其中纳米银质量分数为8‰,平均粒径为20nm)、4份纳米钨酸铋、3份纳米二氧化钛混合并溶于45份的蒸馏水配置成溶胶;
b.将4份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、2份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及80份涤纶溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,进行静电纺丝得到无纺布;
c.将b得到的无纺布浸泡于a得到的溶胶中,100℃烘干、压平、收卷,得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
实施例8
本实施例提供一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,制备方法如下:
将3份纳米银溶胶(其中纳米银质量分数为8‰,平均粒径为10nm)、2份纳米钨酸铋、1份纳米二氧化钛以及60份涤纶溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,进行静电纺丝得到抗冠状病毒无纺布。
对比例1
与实施例4的区别在于,将2份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋替换为2份纳米钨酸铋,将1份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛替换为1份纳米二氧化钛。
对比例2
与实施例4的区别在于,将2份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛替换为3份纳米银。
应用例
将上述实施例和对比例得到的抗冠状病毒无纺布分别制成口罩,方法如下:
(1)第二织物层的制备:
对无纺布进行有机氟整理剂浸渍处理得到第二织物层。
(2)防霾过滤层的制备:
将石墨烯制备成浆料,将浆料使用空气压缩机喷涂于无纺布表面,得到的防霾过滤层。
(3)口罩的制备:
将上述各层布料挂于口罩打片机料架上,按照由内至外为第一织物层、防霾过滤层、抗冠状病毒无纺布层、第二织物层分别进行打片、压片,制备出口罩片,再将口罩片转到耳带机上进行点带,制备出口罩。
性能测试
将上述实施例和对比例得到的抗冠状病毒无纺布制备得到的口罩进行如下性能测试:
(1)测试:
参照GB/T20944《纺织品性能的评价》进行测试。
(2)抗冠状病毒测试:
参照ISO18184:2014(E)纺织品抗冠状病毒性能测试方法进行测试。
(3)耐水洗测试:
参照FZ/T73023-2006《针织品》进行测试。
(4)雾霾防护效率测试:
参照GB2626—2006《呼吸防护用品——自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》进行测试。
本发明所提供的口罩经过上述几种测试后,其结果显示:通过添加纳米银与无机剂混合后,抗冠状病毒效果、耐水洗效果、雾霾防护效果均超越现有技术中的普通一次性口罩。
由上述测试结果可知,本发明提供的口罩具有优异的、防雾霾和抗冠状病毒性能,且对空气中的有毒气体具有催化降解功能,并且经过反复水洗后仍然具有良好的性能,可循环使用,大大降低了成本。
对比例1和对比例2中分别不添加纳米银和剂,制备得到的口罩的性、防霾性和抗冠状病毒性能相较于实施例4均明显变差,由此证明,只有将纳米银与无机剂和/或有机剂同时使用,才能够实现本发明的技术效果。
对比实施例4和实施例8,实施例4使用纳米银掺杂的无机剂与纤维材料混合后进行静电纺丝,而实施例8是将单独的纳米银和其他原料混合进行静电纺丝,结果显示实施例4的无纺布制备得到的口罩的性、防霾性和抗冠状病毒性能均比实施例8优异。
对比实施例1和实施例4可知,采用静电纺丝的方法(实施例4)相较于直接使用溶胶制备无纺布(实施例1),能够进一步提高无纺布的耐水洗性能,使其制备得到的口罩经过反复水洗后仍然具有优异的抗雾霾性和抗冠状病毒性能。
以上,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式;但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其改进构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,包括纳米银,还含有无机剂和/或有机剂,其特征在于:
所述无机剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米钨酸铋或纳米二氧化硅中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
所述有机剂包括壳聚糖和/或季铵盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冠状病毒无纺布,其特征在于:所述纳米银的平均粒径为10~30nm。
3.一种口罩,其特征在于:由内至外依次包括第一织物层、权利要求1或2所述的抗冠状病毒无纺布和第二织物层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种口罩,其特征在于:在所述第一织物层和抗冠状病毒无纺布之间设置有防霾过滤层,所述防霾过滤层为掺杂有石墨烯和/或活性炭的无纺布;
所述防霾过滤层中石墨烯和活性炭的含量各自独立地为15~30g/m 2。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种口罩,其特征在于:所述第一织物层为无纺布、棉布或纱布中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种口罩,其特征在于:所述第二织物层为经过超双疏处理的无纺布;
所述超双疏处理包括有机氟整理剂浸渍处理、有机氟整理剂涂层处理或有机氟整理剂喷雾处理。
7.一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:包括A、B两种方法:
其中,A方法包括以下步骤:
将纳米银溶胶、无机剂和/或有机剂混合并配置成溶胶,将无纺布浸泡于所述溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布;
其中,B方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将纳米银掺杂的无机剂、纤维材料和溶剂混合,进行静电纺丝得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布;
S2:将纳米银溶胶、无机剂和/或有机剂混合并配置成溶胶;
S3:将纳米银掺杂的无机剂、纤维材料和溶剂混合,进行静电纺丝得到无纺布;
S4:将S3得到的无纺布浸泡于S2得到的溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述烘干的温度为100~110℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述纳米银掺杂的无机剂包括纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和/或纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛,优选纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的组合;
S1中,所述纤维材料包括为腈纶、锦纶、涤纶、丙纶中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
S1中,所述溶剂包括二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基亚砜中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
S1中具体包括:将2-6份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1-3份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及60-95份纤维材料溶于溶剂中,进行静电纺丝得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种抗冠状病毒无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:S4中,所述烘干的温度为100~110℃;
S3中,所述纳米银掺杂的无机剂包括纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和/或纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛,优选纳米银掺杂的纳米钨酸铋和纳米银掺杂的纳米二氧化钛的组合;
S3中,所述纤维材料包括涤纶、丙纶或腈纶中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
S3中,所述溶剂包括二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺中的任意一种或至少两种组合;
所述S3制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
S3将2-6份纳米银掺杂纳米钨酸铋、1-3份纳米银掺杂纳米二氧化钛以及60-95份纤维材料溶于溶剂中,进行静电纺丝得到无纺布;
S4将S3得到的无纺布浸泡于S2得到的溶胶中,经烘干、压平、收卷,得到所述抗冠状病毒无纺布;
所述纳米银溶胶中纳米银的质量分数为5‰~10‰;
S1或S2包括:将3-15份纳米银溶胶、2-15份无机剂和/或3-10份有机剂混合并配置成溶胶。
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