CN114799002B - Forging method of ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank - Google Patents
Forging method of ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 219
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a forging method of an oversized superalloy cake blank, which specifically comprises the following steps: cogging forging: forging the cast ingot by three-fire high Wen Kaipi, wherein each fire forging mode is upsetting and tetragonal drawing; forging an intermediate blank: performing medium-temperature multi-firing eight-direction upsetting and pulling forging on the square-section intermediate billet after cogging forging; chamfering and rounding: performing primary chamfering and rounding on the eight-square section blank forged by the intermediate blank; air cooling and polishing: air cooling the round section material after forging, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the round section material; forging a finished product: forging a finished product: and heating the polished round-section blank at a low temperature, upsetting and molding the round-section blank with large deformation by two times of fire, and then air-cooling the round-section blank to finally obtain the cake blank which meets the specification and has good tissue uniformity. The forging method of the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank solves the technical problems that the head end face and the tail end face are cracked in the process of cogging the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, the total forging yield is low, and the structure uniformity is difficult to control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, in particular to a forging method of an oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a metal material which takes iron, cobalt, nickel as a matrix and uses Cr, mo, al, ti and other elements to carry out solid solution and aging strengthening, and can keep higher strong plasticity, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at the temperature of more than 600 ℃. The method is widely used for manufacturing aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry and ships.
The forging process for preparing the conventional high-temperature alloy bar blank consists of multiple-firing upsetting-drawing cogging and final large-deformation drawing. Because of the large size and weight of the pressure vessel, pressure housing, ring and shaft parts made of high temperature alloy, the size and weight of the high temperature alloy blank are higher. Meanwhile, with the increase of the weight of ingot blanks, the ingot blanks cannot be used as a final forming process through conventional large-deformation drawing, and the yield control of the forging process, the forgeability of the ingot and the uniformity control of the final cake blank tissues face great challenges, so that the forging technology of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blanks is still blank at present. Therefore, for the forging process route of the super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank, a new process scheme needs to be designed to realize high forging yield and tissue uniformity.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a forging method of an ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a forging method of an ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging forging: adopting a rapid forging machine to forge the cast ingot with three-firing high Wen Kaipi, wherein each firing forging mode is upsetting and pulling out four sides, and obtaining an intermediate blank with a square section after each firing;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: forging the intermediate blank with the square section by adopting a quick forging machine for three-five times of intermediate blank forging, wherein each forging mode is upsetting and eight-direction drawing, and the intermediate blank with the eight-direction section is obtained after each forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: performing one-firing medium-temperature chamfering and rounding forging on the intermediate blank with the octagonal cross section by adopting a quick forging machine to obtain an intermediate blank with a cylindrical cross section;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling the round section material after forging, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the round section material;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (5) performing twice firing low Wen Duicu molding on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by adopting a rapid forging machine to finally obtain the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake billet meeting the requirements.
Preferably, in the step S1, the heating temperature is 1130-1170 ℃ per fire, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours after the temperature is reached, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and pulling tetragonal, the upsetting deformation is 15-25%, the pulling deformation is 10-20%, the blank is required to be subjected to slight chamfering after pulling tetragonal every fire, and the hot material after forging is returned to the furnace for the next forging.
Preferably, in the step S2, the heating temperature is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours after the heating, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and drawing eight directions, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, and the hot material returns to the furnace for the next firing forging after forging.
Preferably, in the step S3, the heating temperature of the fire is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours after reaching the temperature, the deformation of the chamfering and rounding is 1-10%, and meanwhile, the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine during chamfering and rounding is required to be set to be a high speed gear.
Preferably, in the step S4, the rounded material is air-cooled, and then the surface is polished to clean the wound.
Preferably, in the step S5, the heating temperature is 1000 ℃ to 1050 ℃ each time, the heat preservation time is 2 to 4 hours after reaching the temperature, the upsetting deformation is 20 to 30 percent, and the upsetting is required to be performed after each time so as to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement, and the air cooling of the material after the forging is completed.
Preferably, in the step S1, the weight of the cast ingot is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640mm.
Preferably, the specification of the superalloy cake blank obtained in the step S5 is phi 1000-phi 1500mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the process of forging the large-single-weight and large-specification high-temperature alloy cast ingot, as an as-cast structure is not completely broken, the forging plasticity is poor, meanwhile, the shape of the end face of the large-specification bar after four-way drawing is usually not regular square, the end face is easy to generate shearing deformation in the deformation process of four-way drawing eight-way in the follow-up process of the conventional process, and the center parts of the head end face and the tail end face can be seriously cracked due to the forging firing of the cast ingot with poor forging plasticity, so that the total forging yield is reduced. The problem of end face cracking can be effectively solved through the high Wen Kaipi fire four-way drawing deformation, the head and tail cutting amount of a final finished cake blank is reduced, and the total forging yield is improved;
through chamfering and rounding forging on one fire, and then air cooling and polishing surface cracks, compared with conventional continuous annealing forging of high-temperature alloy, blanks with good surface quality can be provided for upsetting forging of finished products on two subsequent fires. The forging method can effectively reduce the peeling amount of the surface of the final finished cake blank and improve the total forging yield;
the problem that the ultra-large-size cake blank cannot be forged by conventional large-deformation drawing is solved by the last two-firing low-temperature large-deformation upsetting molding. By low-temperature forging and large deformation, the blank can obtain enough dynamic recrystallization energy at different parts, and the lower forging temperature can avoid serious temperature rise at the center. The forging method can lead the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank to obtain uniform and consistent complete recrystallization structure;
therefore, the invention provides a forging method of a super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, which solves the technical problems that the head end surface and the tail end surface are cracked in the process of cogging the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, the total forging yield is low, and the structure uniformity is difficult to control. Has higher industrial production application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forging a super-large-sized superalloy cake blank in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of a phi 1000mm super-large specification superalloy cake blank of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a phi 1000mm superalloy cake blank of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a physical diagram of a phi 1200mm super-large specification superalloy cake blank of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a phi 1200mm superalloy cake blank of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation features, workflow, and usage method of the present invention achieve the objects and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, as well as other conclusions drawn by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a forging method of a super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, cogging forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot used for forging is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640mm. Adopting a rapid forging machine to forge an ingot with three-fire high Wen Kaipi, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1130-1170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours after the temperature is reached, each fire forging mode is upsetting and pulling out four directions, the upsetting deformation is 15-25%, the pulling deformation is 10-20%, the blank is subjected to slight chamfering treatment after each fire pulling out four directions, the blank with a square section is obtained after each fire is ended, and the hot material is returned to the furnace for the next fire forging after the forging;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: forging the intermediate blank with the square section by adopting a quick forging machine for three-five times of intermediate blank with the intermediate section with three-five times, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours after the heating, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and drawing eight directions, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, the intermediate blank with the eight directions section is obtained after each fire is finished, and the hot material after forging is returned to the furnace for the next fire forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: adopting a rapid forging machine to forge the middle-temperature chamfering and rounding of the middle blank with the octagon section, wherein the heating temperature of the firing is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours after reaching the temperature, the deformation of the chamfering and rounding is 1-10%, and meanwhile, the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is required to be set as a high-speed gear when the chamfering and rounding are carried out, so that the middle blank with the cylindrical section is obtained after forging;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling the round section material after forging, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the round section material;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) adopting a quick forging machine to perform twice low-fire Wen Duicu molding on the cylindrical section intermediate blank, wherein the heating temperature of each time is 1000-1050 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2-4 hours, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, and meanwhile, the rolling is performed after upsetting each time, so that the diameter after forging is ensured to meet the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the fire forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1000-phi 1500mm of the finished cake blank.
Example 2
A forging method of an ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot used for forging is 6.2t, and the specification is phi 640mm. The rapid forging machine is adopted to forge the cast ingot with first fire intensity of Wen Kaipi, the first fire heating temperature is 1140 ℃, the cast ingot is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours after reaching the temperature, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 18%, the square drawing deformation is 12%, the blank is subjected to slight chamfering after square drawing, and the risk that the blank is cracked due to the fact that the blank is large in specification and sharp edge temperature drops fast is prevented. Forging by first fire to obtain an intermediate blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to a furnace for forging by the next fire; and the second and third-fire heating temperature is 1140 ℃, the blank is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours and is discharged for forging after reaching the temperature, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 20%, and the blank is subjected to slight chamfering after square drawing. The high-temperature cogging firing forging is used for breaking the original as-cast coarse structure of the cast ingot, improving the forging plasticity of the blank and providing a blank with an end face which is not cracked and good in forging plasticity for the next intermediate blank forging firing. Forging with the three-firing high Wen Kaipi to obtain a middle blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace to forge the middle blank;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: and forging the intermediate blank with the square cross section by adopting a quick forging machine for three times of intermediate temperature, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 3 hours, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and eight directions drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, and the drawing deformation is 28%. The intermediate-temperature intermediate-firing forging is used for enabling different parts of the blank to obtain enough recrystallization energy through larger upsetting deformation and obtaining a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the forging of the intermediate blank with the three times of fire is finished, obtaining the intermediate blank with the octagon section, and returning the hot material after forging to a furnace for chamfering, rounding and fire forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: and (3) forging the intermediate blank with the octagonal cross section by adopting a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature of the rapid forging machine is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time after the rapid forging machine reaches the temperature is 1.5 hours, the deformation of the chamfering and the rounding is 5 percent, and the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is set to be a high speed gear when the chamfering and the rounding are carried out. And forging to obtain an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section. The chamfering and rounding off heat is used for regulating the shape of the blank, providing the blank with regular shape for forging the final finished product, and avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the finished product is forged and upsetted due to the shape of the eight-direction section;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling is carried out after the round section material is forged after the round section material is broken, surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank are cleaned up in the air cooling post-polishing procedure, and blanks with good surface quality are provided for forging of finished products, so that the peeling amount of the surfaces of the final finished cake blanks is reduced, and the total forging yield is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) performing twice low-heat Wen Duicu forming on the cylindrical section intermediate blank by adopting a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature of each time is 1020 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2 hours, the upsetting deformation is 23%, and meanwhile, rolling is performed after upsetting each time, so that the diameter after forging is ensured to meet the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the fire forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1000mm of the finished cake blank.
As shown in FIG. 2, the final product is a physical diagram of a super-large-specification superalloy cake blank with phi 1000mm, which has smooth surface, regular shape and full edges.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a final phi 1000mm superalloy cake blank, which is composed of fully recrystallized equiaxed grains with a grain size of ASTM grade 3.5. The structures of different parts of the cake blank are uniform and consistent, and meanwhile, the low-power structure of the cake blank is uniform and fuzzy, and coarse or mixed crystal structures with unfinished recrystallization are avoided. It shows that the cake blank is fully recrystallized during upsetting of the last two firings and the grain structure is not excessively coarse due to forging temperature rise.
Example 3
A forging method of an ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot used for forging is 7t, and the specification is phi 640mm. The rapid forging machine is adopted to forge the cast ingot with first fire intensity of Wen Kaipi, the first fire heating temperature is 1160 ℃, the cast ingot is discharged and forged after heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 15%, the blank is subjected to slight chamfering after square drawing, and the risk that the blank is cracked due to the fact that the blank is large in specification and sharp edge temperature drops fast is prevented. Forging by first fire to obtain an intermediate blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to a furnace for forging by the next fire; and the second and third-fire heating temperature is 1160 ℃, the blank is subjected to furnace discharging forging after the blank is heated for 3 hours, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 20%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, and the blank is subjected to slight chamfering after square drawing. The high-temperature cogging firing forging is used for breaking the original as-cast coarse structure of the cast ingot, improving the forging plasticity of the blank and providing a blank with an end face which is not cracked and good in forging plasticity for the next intermediate blank forging firing. Forging with the three-firing high Wen Kaipi to obtain a middle blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace to forge the middle blank;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: and forging the intermediate blank with the square cross section by adopting a quick forging machine for four times, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1070 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 3.5 hours, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and eight directions drawing, the upsetting deformation is 25%, and the drawing deformation is 25%. The intermediate-temperature intermediate-firing forging is used for enabling different parts of the blank to obtain enough recrystallization energy through larger upsetting deformation and obtaining a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the forging of the intermediate blank with the three times of fire is finished, obtaining the intermediate blank with the octagon section, and returning the hot material after forging to a furnace for chamfering, rounding and fire forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: and (3) forging the intermediate blank with the octagonal cross section by adopting a rapid forging machine through one-time medium-temperature chamfering and rounding, wherein the heating temperature of the firing is 1070 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2 hours, the deformation of chamfering and rounding is 7 percent, and the pressing speed of the rapid forging machine is set to be high-speed when the chamfering and rounding are carried out. And forging to obtain an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section. The chamfering and rounding off heat is used for regulating the shape of the blank, providing the blank with regular shape for forging the final finished product, and avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the finished product is forged and upsetted due to the shape of the eight-direction section;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling is carried out after the round section material is forged after the round section material is broken, surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank are cleaned up in the air cooling post-polishing procedure, and blanks with good surface quality are provided for forging of finished products, so that the peeling amount of the surfaces of the final finished cake blanks is reduced, and the total forging yield is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) performing twice low-heat Wen Duicu forming on the cylindrical section intermediate blank by adopting a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature is 1030 ℃ each time, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, the upsetting deformation is 25%, and meanwhile, rolling is performed after upsetting each time, so that the diameter after forging is ensured to meet the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the fire forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification phi of 1200mm of the finished cake blank.
As shown in FIG. 4, the final product is a physical diagram of a super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with phi 1200mm, and has smooth surface, regular shape and full edges.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a final phi 1200mm superalloy cake blank, which is composed of fully recrystallized equiaxed grains with a grain size of ASTM grade 3. The structures of different parts of the cake blank are uniform and consistent, and meanwhile, the low-power structure of the cake blank is uniform and fuzzy, and coarse or mixed crystal structures with unfinished recrystallization are avoided. It shows that the cake blank is fully recrystallized during upsetting of the last two firings and the grain structure is not excessively coarse due to forging temperature rise.
Example 4
A forging method of an ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy cast ingot used for forging is 7.8t, and the specification is phi 640mm. The rapid forging machine is adopted to forge the cast ingot with first fire intensity of Wen Kaipi, the first fire heating temperature is 1170 ℃, the cast ingot is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours after reaching the temperature, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, the blank is subjected to slight chamfering after square drawing, and the risk that the blank is cracked due to the fact that the blank is large in specification and sharp edge temperature drops quickly is prevented. Forging by first fire to obtain an intermediate blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to a furnace for forging by the next fire; and the second and third-fire heating temperatures are 1170 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3.5 hours after the temperature is reached, the forging is carried out by upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 25%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, and the blank is slightly chamfered after the square drawing. The high-temperature cogging firing forging is used for breaking the original as-cast coarse structure of the cast ingot, improving the forging plasticity of the blank and providing a blank with an end face which is not cracked and good in forging plasticity for the next intermediate blank forging firing. Forging with the three-firing high Wen Kaipi to obtain a middle blank with a square cross section, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace to forge the middle blank;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: and forging the intermediate blank with the square cross section by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 4 hours, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and eight directions drawing, the upsetting deformation is 30%, and the drawing deformation is 27%. The intermediate-temperature intermediate-firing forging is used for enabling different parts of the blank to obtain enough recrystallization energy through larger upsetting deformation and obtaining a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the forging of the intermediate blank with the three times of fire is finished, obtaining the intermediate blank with the octagon section, and returning the hot material after forging to a furnace for chamfering, rounding and fire forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: and (3) forging the intermediate blank with the octagonal cross section by adopting a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature of the rapid forging machine is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2.5 hours, the deformation of the chamfering and the rounding is 10 percent, and the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is set to be a high speed gear when the chamfering and the rounding are carried out. And forging to obtain an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section. The chamfering and rounding off heat is used for regulating the shape of the blank, providing the blank with regular shape for forging the final finished product, and avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the finished product is forged and upsetted due to the shape of the eight-direction section;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling is carried out after the round section material is forged after the round section material is broken, surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank are cleaned up in the air cooling post-polishing procedure, and blanks with good surface quality are provided for forging of finished products, so that the peeling amount of the surfaces of the final finished cake blanks is reduced, and the total forging yield is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) forming the cylindrical section intermediate blank by adopting a quick forging machine with twice low firing rate Wen Duicu, wherein the heating temperature of each firing rate is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the upsetting deformation is 28%, and meanwhile, rolling is carried out after upsetting each firing rate so as to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the fire forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1400mm of the finished cake blank.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The forging method of the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, cogging forging: adopting a rapid forging machine to forge the cast ingot with three-firing high Wen Kaipi, wherein each firing forging mode is upsetting and pulling out four sides, and obtaining an intermediate blank with a square section after each firing; wherein the heating temperature is 1130-1170 ℃ per fire, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours after the heating, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and pulling square, the upsetting deformation is 15-25%, the pulling deformation is 10-20%, the blank is required to be slightly chamfered after pulling square per fire, and the hot material is returned to the furnace for the next forging after forging;
step S2, forging an intermediate blank: forging the intermediate blank with the square section by adopting a quick forging machine for three-five times of intermediate blank forging, wherein each forging mode is upsetting and eight-direction drawing, and the intermediate blank with the eight-direction section is obtained after each forging; wherein the heating temperature is 1050-1100 ℃ at each fire, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours after the temperature is reached, the forging mode at each fire is upsetting and drawing eight directions, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, and the hot material returns to the furnace for the next firing forging after forging;
s3, chamfering and rounding: performing one-firing medium-temperature chamfering and rounding forging on the intermediate blank with the octagonal cross section by adopting a quick forging machine to obtain an intermediate blank with a cylindrical cross section; wherein the heating temperature of the fire is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours after the temperature is reached, the deformation of the chamfer and the rounding is 1-10%, and meanwhile, the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is required to be set as a high-speed gear when the chamfer and the rounding are carried out;
step S4, air cooling polishing: air cooling the round section material after forging, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the round section material;
step S5, forging a finished product: adopting a rapid forging machine to perform twice firing low Wen Duicu molding on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section to finally obtain an oversized high-temperature alloy cake billet meeting the requirements; wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1050 ℃ each time, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours after reaching the temperature, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, and the rolling is required after upsetting each time, so as to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement, and the air cooling of the material after forging the fire is completed.
2. The forging method of the super-large-size superalloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: and in the step S4, air cooling is carried out on the material after the rounding, and then the surface is polished to clean the wound.
3. The forging method of the super-large-size superalloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: the weight of the cast ingot in the step S1 is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640mm.
4. The forging method of the super-large-size superalloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: and (5) the specification of the high-temperature alloy cake blank obtained in the step (S5) is phi 1000-phi 1500mm.
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