CN114785109A - Three-phase PWM rectifier soft start method and system applied to electric energy router - Google Patents
Three-phase PWM rectifier soft start method and system applied to electric energy router Download PDFInfo
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- CN114785109A CN114785109A CN202210504428.4A CN202210504428A CN114785109A CN 114785109 A CN114785109 A CN 114785109A CN 202210504428 A CN202210504428 A CN 202210504428A CN 114785109 A CN114785109 A CN 114785109A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-phase PWM rectifier soft start method and a system applied to an electric energy router, which comprise the following steps: the over-temperature and over-current protection circuit comprises a main circuit, a phase-locked loop, a voltage and current loop PI controller and an over-temperature and over-current protection link; the soft starting process of the PWM rectifier comprises an uncontrolled rectifying process and a controllable rectifying process. Under an uncontrolled rectification mode, an alternating current power supply charges a direct current side capacitor through a main circuit to reach a steady state direct current voltage; blocking the PWM driving signal, starting the phase-locked loop and prohibiting the action of the voltage current loop PI controller; and after the output of the phase-locked loop is stable, the phase-locked loop enters a controllable mode, a driving signal of the PWM rectifier is started and is input into the voltage current loop PI controller, and the direct-current voltage given value is slowly increased to the target voltage from the steady direct-current voltage according to the equal slope. When the starting process has over-temperature and over-current, the over-temperature and over-current protection link blocks the PWM driving signal immediately to protect the safety of the rectifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rectifier control, and particularly relates to a three-phase PWM rectifier soft start method and system for an electric energy router port.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The multi-port low-voltage electric energy router is mainly used for supplying power in a small-scale residential area, commercial buildings and the like, and the voltage level is 380V of alternating current. Electric energy router is connected through the alternating current-direct current generating line for three above electric energy port in physical structure, if arbitrary port is unexpected, all can influence electric energy router's whole steady operation. The three-phase PWM rectifier is used as an interface of the electric energy router and a power distribution network, is core equipment of the whole system, and not only needs to be rapidly and stably started to establish stable direct current bus voltage capability, but also needs to be provided with protection capability of a port for processing overhigh temperature or overlarge current impact of the rectifier, and avoids fault waves and other equipment in the electric energy router.
The inventor finds that when the PWM rectifier is directly started by adding a step signal, grid-connected current of the PWM rectifier has high impact, and when the three-phase PWM rectifier is applied to the electric energy router, if PI parameters are not properly matched, voltage overshoot on a direct current side is large, overvoltage protection is easily triggered, even a switching device is directly burned, and circuits of other port converters in the electric energy router may be damaged. For this reason, a conventional soft start strategy to suppress current surges is applied to the rectifier start-up process.
At present, the soft starting method of the rectifier has the following problems: the soft start scheme mostly just suppresses the starting current overshoot problem by gradually increasing the starting current given value, as disclosed in the publication: CN 110445406A, through changing the PWM signal modulation ratio of the starting process, the PWM signal of the rectifier has output in the whole starting process; as disclosed in publication No.: CN 107196496 a, focuses on considering the problem of not controlling phase switching during control switching. No additional limitation is imposed on the control of the PWM signal, and when the unexpected current in the starting process is too large or the temperature is too high, the actual application requirement of the electric energy router cannot be met.
The common point of the above methods is that the problem of current surge in the starting process of the rectifier is suppressed by gradually increasing the given reference value of the voltage at the direct current side through an open loop, and the problem of adverse effects on the rectifier and other ports of the electric energy router caused by factors such as temperature rise (such as frequent starting) and accidental overcurrent in the starting process is not considered, that is, the problem of protection in the starting process of the rectifier needs to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly provides a soft start method of a three-phase PWM rectifier in an electric energy router application scene, which not only can greatly reduce impact current, but also provides over-temperature and over-current protection for the rectifier, improves the reliability of the starting process of the PWM rectifier from the system perspective, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the electric energy router.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a three-phase PWM rectifier soft start system applied to an electric energy router is provided, including:
the over-temperature and over-current protection circuit comprises a main circuit, a phase-locked loop, a voltage and current loop PI controller and an over-temperature and over-current protection unit;
the PWM rectifier is controlled to work in an uncontrolled rectification mode, and an alternating current power supply charges a direct current side capacitor through a main circuit to reach a steady state direct current voltage;
driving signals of the PWM rectifier are blocked, so that the switching devices are all in a turn-off state, the phase-locked loop is started, and the action of the voltage and current loop PI controller is forbidden;
after the phase-locked loop outputs stably, starting a driving signal of a PWM rectifier and inputting the driving signal into the voltage current loop PI controller, and slowly increasing the direct current voltage given value from the steady direct current voltage to the target voltage according to the equal slope;
the over-temperature over-current protection unit detects current and temperature of the starting buffer resistor in the soft starting process, and blocks the PWM signal when the current or the temperature of the resistor exceeds a set value so as to protect the three-phase PWM rectifier.
As a further technical solution, the PWM rectifier is a three-phase rectifier bridge circuit, and is suitable for a two-level H-bridge, a T-type three-level, an NPC three-level, and other common topology bridges.
As a further technical scheme, the main circuit is used for flowing controlled large current and converting alternating current into direct current through a rectifier.
As a further technical scheme, the phase-locked loop is used for tracking the phase of the voltage of the power grid, outputting the real-time power grid reference angular frequency and providing phase reference for performing Park conversion on the three-phase current of the control link.
As a further technical solution, the voltage current loop PI controller is configured to quickly track a reference value given by a voltage at a dc side, and finally convert an output value into a PWM signal to drive a rectifier of a main circuit to operate.
As a further technical scheme, the buffer resistor is a high-power low-resistance resistor, and plays a role in restraining surge caused by high voltage during working.
In a second aspect, a soft start method of a three-phase PWM rectifier applied to an electric energy router is provided, which includes:
controlling the PWM rectifier to work in an uncontrolled rectification mode, and charging a direct current side capacitor to reach a steady state direct current voltage by an alternating current power supply through a main circuit;
driving signals of the PWM rectifier are blocked, so that the switching devices are all in a turn-off state, the phase-locked loop is started, and the action of the voltage and current loop PI controller is forbidden;
after the phase-locked loop outputs stably, a driving signal of the PWM rectifier is started and a voltage current loop PI controller is put into use, and the direct current voltage given value is slowly increased to the target voltage from the steady direct current voltage according to the equal slope.
As a further technical scheme, the output current of the rectifier and the temperature change of the buffer resistor are monitored all the time in the whole starting process, and the monitoring value is fed back to a PWM signal output link, so that the safe and reliable work of the rectifier is guaranteed.
As a further technical scheme, the buffer resistor is connected in series into the alternating current loop by disconnecting the relay connected with the buffer resistor in parallel, and the PWM rectifier works in an uncontrolled rectification mode at the moment.
As a further technical solution, the steady-state dc voltage is less than the target voltage.
As a further technical scheme, the relay is closed, the buffer resistor is bypassed, and then the driving signals of all the PWMs of the PWM rectifier are blocked.
As a further technical scheme, the output current of the rectifier, the temperature change of the buffer resistor and the temperature change of the switching device are monitored all the time in the whole starting process, and the monitoring value is fed back to the PWM signal output link, so that the safe and reliable work of the rectifier is guaranteed.
The scheme is mainly applied to soft start of the three-phase PWM rectifier of the electric energy router, has the protection function on the electric energy router, and can also be applied to the starting process of other three-phase PWM rectifiers, particularly the starting process with the protection requirement on over-temperature and over-current in the starting process.
The method effectively avoids the direct current bus overvoltage and current overshoot phenomenon caused by direct starting, ensures the safety of the starting process of the rectifier, prolongs the service life of the rectifier, simultaneously meets the protection requirement of the electric energy router on the PWM rectifier port, and ensures the whole safe and stable operation of the electric energy router.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the soft start method of the PWM rectifier, the voltage setting is slowly increased at the equal slope, PI saturation and overmodulation caused by the step setting value are avoided, the voltage of a direct current bus on the output side is stably increased, voltage overshoot is basically eliminated, meanwhile, grid-connected current impact is greatly reduced, the safety of a switching device and the safety of the whole circuit can be effectively protected, meanwhile, the complexity of an algorithm is basically not increased, and engineering implementation is easy.
(2) According to the soft starting method of the PWM rectifier, the starting process is consistent with the PI parameter of the steady-state operation, and the load can be directly loaded to be put into operation without switching the parameter after the starting is finished.
(3) According to the soft starting method of the PWM rectifier, the starting process of the rectifier is protected from a system level, when external interference (factors such as a current process, high environmental temperature and the like) occurs in the starting process or the rectifier is overheated due to frequent starting of the rectifier, and the like, an over-temperature over-current protection link can directly block PWM signals, so that the over-current phenomenon and further temperature rise phenomenon are prevented, and safe and reliable operation of the rectifier is guaranteed.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a three-phase PWM rectifier no-load soft start control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the no-load soft start of the three-phase PWM rectifier according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates DC voltage and grid-connected current waveforms for a direct start of a three-phase PWM rectifier in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows dc voltage and grid-connected current waveforms for soft start of the three-phase PWM rectifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
As described in the background art, the soft start process of the existing three-phase PWM rectifier is similar to an open loop control for the output of the rectifier, and some external disturbances are not considered from the system level, or the rectifier temperature rise problem caused by frequent start and the like does not affect the rectifier. Therefore, the embodiment provides a simple and reliable soft start control method for the three-phase PWM rectifier.
The embodiment provides a soft start method and system for increasing protection, aiming at the problem of overlarge grid-connected current impact when a PWM rectifier is directly started and the problem of insufficient soft start protection in the prior art.
Example 1
The present embodiment discloses a control block diagram of a soft start method of a three-phase PWM rectifier, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the over-temperature and over-current protection circuit comprises a main circuit, a phase-locked loop, a voltage and current loop PI controller and an over-temperature and over-current protection link;
the main circuit is used for flowing controlled large current and converting alternating current into direct current through the rectifier.
Wherein e isabcFor three-phase mains voltage, LabcThe filter inductor is used for filtering higher harmonics of the current on the network side; rrabcThe high-power buffer resistor can inhibit surge caused by high voltage in the starting process, so that the starting current is not too large, and the buffer function is realized; rrabcAnd meanwhile, the relay is connected in parallel, C is a direct current side supporting capacitor and is used for filtering higher harmonics of output voltage of the direct current side, the output voltage is stabilized, and the direct current side is in no-load state during starting.
The phase-locked loop is used for tracking the phase of the voltage of the power grid, outputting the real-time power grid reference angular frequency theta and providing phase reference for performing Park conversion on three-phase current in a control link.
And the voltage and current loop PI controller is used for quickly tracking a reference value given by the voltage of the direct current side, and finally converting an output value into a PWM signal to drive a rectifier of the main circuit to work. A typical incremental discrete PI controller expression is:
ui=kiTs(udcref-udc)+ui (1)
u=kp(udcref-udc)+ui (2)
wherein k isiIs an integral systemNumber, kpIs a proportionality coefficient of udcrefFor a given reference value, udcAnd u is the final output value of the PI controller.
The over-temperature and over-current protection link is used for preventing the over-temperature or over-current in the soft starting process of the rectifier. The working principle is to detect the buffer resistor R of the main circuitrThe temperature and the current flowing through the main circuit are detected and compared with a given maximum allowable value, when the allowable value is exceeded, the PWM signal is blocked, even if the PWM signal is output to be 0, otherwise, the PWM signal is normally output within an allowable range.
Example II
The embodiment discloses a soft start method of a three-phase PWM rectifier, and a working principle of the soft start, wherein a flow chart is shown in figure 2, and the soft start process of the rectifier is divided into an uncontrolled rectification process and a controllable rectification process, namely the two processes before and after the uncontrolled rectification process:
firstly, the PWM rectifier is controlled to work in an uncontrolled rectifying mode. The AC power supply passes through the main circuit and the buffer resistor RrCharging the capacitor on the DC side to reach the steady-state DC voltage Udc1And satisfyAnd blocking the driving signals of the PWM rectifier to enable the switching devices to be in an off state.
t0At all times, the buffer resistor is bypassed;
it should be noted that it is necessary to ensure that all PWM signals are adjusted to 0-level output, that is, all the switching devices are turned off, and the current cannot be output to the load through the controllable devices, but only through the diode circuit, otherwise, because the switching states are not changed, the current on the ac side of the rectifier will form a short circuit loop through the switching devices, which inevitably causes the ac side to be over-current.
And after the output of the phase-locked loop is stable, entering a controllable rectification mode. Starting a driving signal of the PWM rectifier, and putting the driving signal into the voltage and current loop PI controller to track a direct current voltage set value which is set from Udc1Slowly increases to a target voltage according to the constant slope
In the process, the temperature sensor and the current sensor detect the temperature and current changes of the rectifier at any time, when the temperature or the current exceeds the maximum allowable value or works for a long time to exceed the rated value, the PWM output signal can be directly blocked, and even if the rectifier works in an uncontrolled rectification state, the output voltage falls back toThe output current can be reduced along with the reduction, when the temperature and the current are normal, the controllable rectification is started again, the rectifier is controlled to rise to the target voltage, the phenomenon that the current of the rectifier overshoots under the influence of some interference or external factors can be effectively prevented, the safe and reliable operation of the rectifier is guaranteed, and the service life of the rectifier is prolonged.
Compared with a direct starting process, when the rectifier is in soft start, the direct-current bus overvoltage and current overshoot phenomenon caused by direct start can be effectively avoided. Experiments prove that the current peak drop amplitude is as high as 53.3%, the voltage overshoot of the direct current bus is obviously reduced, the safe, stable and reliable operation of equipment is guaranteed, and the method has wide practical application scenes and high practical application value.
The closed-loop controllable rectifier described above, by
udcref=Udc1+kTs (3)
The direct current bus voltage is slowly increased at an equal slope, and the problems of PI saturation and overmodulation caused by a step given target value are avoided.
Formula (3) is that through a certain slope coefficient k, the rectifier meets the requirement of quick start and simultaneously considers the rising rate of the DC bus voltage until the DC bus voltage rises to the target voltageThe starting process is guaranteed to be reliable and stable in the rising process.
During the starting process, the temperature and the current change of the rectifier are monitored at any time, and the protection is immediately carried out when the allowable value is exceeded.
The rectifier uses power electronic devices, including IGBT, MOSFET, SiC and novel turn-off devices to form a three-phase rectifier bridge circuit. The rectifier includes, but is not limited to, T-type three-level, NPC three-level, H-bridge two-level, and other common rectifier topologies.
Simulation example
The PWM rectifier simulation parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The waveforms of the direct voltage and the grid-connected current after the PWM rectifier is directly started and the load is put into use by adding a step given signal are shown in fig. 3.
0-0.01 s: uncontrolled rectification mode, steady state DC voltage Udc1=600V;
0.01 s-0.05 s: and step signals are added for direct start, the direct current voltage is over-regulated by about 13V, and meanwhile, the current impact on the network side is large and the amplitude is as high as 120A.
After 0.05 s: parameters of all PI regulators are kept unchanged, a load of 20kW is added to the direct current side, the steady-state grid-connected current waveform quality is good, the current THD is only 4.23%, and the grid-connected requirement is met.
The PWM rectifier using the proposed soft start method and the dc voltage and grid-connected current waveforms after adding the load are shown in fig. 4.
0-0.01 s: uncontrolled rectification mode, steady state DC voltage Udc1=600V;
0.01 s-0.05 s: a soft start procedure, wherein the given voltage value is slowly increased according to the slope k of 1000V/s. The voltage of the direct current side basically has no overshoot, the peak of the grid-connected current is only about 56A, and compared with direct starting, the impact amplitude of the grid-connected current is reduced by about half, so that the starting process is safer and more stable, and the safety of equipment is effectively protected.
After 0.05 s: parameters of all PI regulators are kept unchanged, a load of 20kW is added to the direct current side, the steady-state grid-connected current waveform quality is good, the current THD is the same as the load added after direct starting and is 4.23%, and the grid-connected requirement is met.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Be applied to three-phase PWM rectifier soft start system of electric energy router, characterized by includes:
the over-temperature and over-current protection circuit comprises a main circuit, a phase-locked loop, a voltage and current loop PI controller and an over-temperature and over-current protection unit;
the PWM rectifier is controlled to work in an uncontrolled rectification mode, and an alternating current power supply charges a direct current side capacitor through a main circuit to reach a steady state direct current voltage;
driving signals of the PWM rectifier are blocked, so that the switching devices are all in a turn-off state, the phase-locked loop is started, and the action of the voltage and current loop PI controller is forbidden;
after the output of the phase-locked loop is stable, starting a driving signal of a PWM rectifier and inputting the driving signal into the voltage current loop PI controller, and slowly increasing the given value of the direct current voltage from the stable direct current voltage to a target voltage according to an equal slope;
the over-temperature over-current protection unit detects current and temperature of a start buffer resistor in the soft start process, and blocks a PWM signal when the current or the temperature of the resistor exceeds a set value so as to protect the three-phase PWM rectifier.
2. The soft start system of a three-phase PWM rectifier applied to an electric energy router of claim 1, wherein the PWM rectifier is a three-phase rectifier bridge circuit, which is suitable for two-level H bridge, T-type three-level, NPC three-level and other common topology bridge circuits.
3. The soft start system of three-phase PWM rectifier applied to electric energy router as claimed in claim 1, wherein said main circuit is used to flow the controlled large current to convert the AC to DC through the rectifier.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the phase-locked loop is configured to track a phase of a grid voltage, output a real-time grid reference angular frequency, and provide a phase reference for Park conversion of three-phase current in the control unit.
5. The soft start system of the three-phase PWM rectifier applied to the electric energy router as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage current loop PI controller is used for fast tracking the given reference value of the DC side voltage, and finally converting the output value into the PWM signal for driving the rectifier of the main circuit to work.
6. The soft start system of the three-phase PWM rectifier applied to the electric energy router as claimed in claim 1, wherein the buffer resistor is a high-power low-resistance resistor, and functions to suppress the surge caused by the high voltage during operation.
7. The three-phase PWM rectifier soft start method applied to the electric energy router is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the PWM rectifier to work in an uncontrolled rectification mode, and charging a direct-current side capacitor to reach a steady-state direct-current voltage by an alternating-current power supply through a main circuit;
driving signals of the PWM rectifier are blocked, so that the switching devices are all in a turn-off state, the phase-locked loop is started, and the action of the voltage and current loop PI controller is forbidden;
and after the output of the phase-locked loop is stable, starting a driving signal of the PWM rectifier and inputting the driving signal into a voltage and current loop PI controller, and slowly increasing the given value of the direct current voltage from the stable direct current voltage to the target voltage according to the equal slope.
8. The soft start method of the three-phase PWM rectifier applied to the electric energy router as claimed in claim 7, wherein the output current of the rectifier and the temperature change of the buffer resistor are monitored at any time during the whole start process, and the monitored value is fed back to the PWM signal output link, thereby ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the rectifier.
9. The soft start method of the three-phase PWM rectifier applied to the electric energy router as claimed in claim 7, wherein the buffer resistor is connected in series to the AC loop by disconnecting the relay connected in parallel with the buffer resistor, and the PWM rectifier operates in the uncontrolled rectification mode;
preferably, the steady-state dc voltage is less than a target voltage.
10. The soft start method of the three-phase PWM rectifier applied to the electric energy router as claimed in claim 7, wherein the buffer resistor is bypassed by closing the relay, and then all PWM driving signals of the PWM rectifier are blocked.
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CN116365855B (en) * | 2023-01-07 | 2023-10-10 | 安徽大学 | Starting control method for three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier |
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