CN114688561B - High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants - Google Patents
High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants Download PDFInfo
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- CN114688561B CN114688561B CN202210352830.5A CN202210352830A CN114688561B CN 114688561 B CN114688561 B CN 114688561B CN 202210352830 A CN202210352830 A CN 202210352830A CN 114688561 B CN114688561 B CN 114688561B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/004—Using semiconductor elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas generators, and discloses a high-capacity heat strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants. The incoming flow direction of the air flow is taken as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is provided with an air inlet communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is provided with an air outlet communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline; inside, the inner cavity is sequentially provided with an expansion section, an equal straight section and an outlet section, and a flame tube is arranged on the central axis; outside, the front section is sequentially fixed with a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline and an alcohol nozzle assembly, and fuel alcohol is injected into the cyclone assembly of the inner cavity; the middle section is fixed in proper order flame tube locating pin subassembly, semiconductor ignition power mouth subassembly and flame tube guide pin subassembly, and flame tube locating pin subassembly and flame tube guide pin subassembly insert the fixed flame tube of casing, and semiconductor ignition power mouth subassembly inserts the switching dish spun combustible premix of flame tube of casing ignition. The gas generator can be started at high pressure and is stable, high in combustion efficiency, quick in closing and long in service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas generators, and particularly relates to a high-heat-capacity strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants.
Background
In the injection fields of aerospace, negative pressure/vacuum negative pumping systems and the like, the injection system has high working performance and small-size scale development requirements, and the injection technology for development of miniaturization, high-pressure quick start, high temperature, high Mach number, large flow and quick closing and good economy is an effective way for solving the high working performance and small-size scale development requirements of the injection system. The gas generator is a device for obtaining high-temperature gas by combusting a propellant, and can improve the injection efficiency of an injector, so the gas generator is commonly used in the injection field.
The existing single-tube combustion gas generator and annular combustion chamber gas generator which use ethanol as fuel adopt high-pressure air and ethanol double-component propellant, and have the advantages of safety, no toxicity, good storage performance, convenience in transportation and treatment, good economy and guarantee, and can meet the requirement of injection system economy. However, these two gas generators cannot fully meet all the requirements of miniaturization, high-pressure quick start, high temperature, high mach number, large flow, quick shut-down, economy and the like of the injection system. There are mainly two disadvantages:
first, the two gas generators are designed according to the principle of the combustion chamber of the aviation gas turbine, and the heat capacity intensity of the generators is equivalent to that of the flame tube of the aviation gas turbine on the ground, and is generally 0.07-0.2 MJ/(m) 3 Pa.h). However, aiming at the miniaturization requirement of the injection system, the required heat capacity intensity of the gas generator is as high as 1 MJ/(m) 3 Pa.h), the required gas generator is small in volume, high in combustion intensity and large in fuel flow.
Secondly, the combustion chamber structure of the two kinds of gas generators is similar to the main combustion chamber of the gas engine, and besides parts such as a fuel nozzle, a cyclone, a support and the like, other parts such as a flame tube, a head, a cap cover and the like are made of thin-wall high-temperature alloy metal plates, so that the gas generator is light in weight, suitable for low impact load, low-pressure slow-start working conditions (low-flow ignition starting, slow flow and pressure increasing until reaching rated working conditions) and does not meet the requirements of high-pressure quick start and vehicle shutdown of an injection system.
Currently, there is a need to develop a high heat capacity gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants.
The high-capacity heat strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants is based on an annular combustion chamber gas generator, adopts a double-component propellant of high-pressure air and industrial alcohol (fuel, ethanol mass content is more than 97 percent), and is adaptively designed according to the principle of an aeroengine combustion chamber.
The invention relates to a high-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants, which is characterized by comprising a pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline, an alcohol nozzle assembly, a flame tube, a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly, a flame tube guide pin assembly and a flame tube positioning pin assembly;
the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; the incoming flow direction of the air flow is taken as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is provided with a gas inlet which is communicated with a gas inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with a gas outlet which is communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
the inner cavity front section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an expansion section, the middle section is an equal straight section, the rear section is an outlet section, and a flame tube is arranged on the central axis;
the fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator through a clamping ring, the alcohol nozzle assembly is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, and the fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline extends into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly and is connected with the cyclone assembly of the flame tube to inject fuel alcohol into the cyclone assembly; the flame tube locating pin assembly, the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly and the flame tube guide pin assembly are sequentially fixed at the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator from front to back through fixing pieces; the flame tube locating pin assembly and the flame tube guide pin assembly are respectively inserted into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube; the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting the combustible premix sprayed by the adapter plate of the flame tube;
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of the expansion section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, the gas generator comprises an inlet flange, a pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I and a pressure-bearing shell diffusion section II which are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back, the inner cavity of the inlet flange is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and has an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section II is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and has an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than the length of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube split-flow diffusion tube of the flame tube, and the inner cavity of the flame tube split-flow diffusion tube is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are smoothly transited from front to back; given the total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multichannel diffuser, the efficiency eta of the multichannel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, calculating the outlet diameter of the multichannel diffuser and the total length of the gas generator by pre-written calculation software;
the length-to-height ratio of the flame tube is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube split diffuser tube, a cyclone component, a switching disc, a flame tube outer tube body, a flame tube inner tube body, a splash guard and a cap cover; the rear end of the flame tube split diffuser pipe is fixedly connected with a flame tube inner barrel, a flame tube outer barrel is sleeved on the flame tube inner barrel, uniformly distributed adapter plates are arranged in an annular cavity between the flame tube inner barrel and the flame tube outer barrel and at the front section of the flame tube inner barrel, inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are mutually staggered are formed in the rear sections of the flame tube inner barrel and the flame tube outer barrel, blending holes which are arrayed are formed in the flame tube outer barrel, cooling gas flows through the outer wall surface of the flame tube outer barrel, high-temperature fuel gas flows through the inner wall surface of the flame tube outer barrel, and the cooling gas permeates into the flame tube outer barrel through the blending holes to form a wall surface gas film at the inner wall surface position close to the flame tube outer barrel; the front end of the adapter plate is covered with a cap cover, the center of the adapter plate is provided with a cyclone assembly, and the rear end of the cyclone assembly is provided with a splash guard;
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow distribution of the gas flow entering the gas generator is 19% of head gas inlet, 1% of head cooling gas, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole and outer main combustion hole gas inlet, 38% of blending hole gas inlet and 9.6% of wall gas film cooling gas inlet.
Further, the thickness of the pressure-bearing shell diffuser I and the pressure-bearing shell diffuser II is 10mm.
Further, the thickness of the adapter plate is 50mm.
Further, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle assembly is a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
Further, two ignition electric nozzles in the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube, the ignition electric nozzles are positioned in a reflux area with low air flow speed of the flame tube and the residual air coefficient of the two-phase mixture of alcohol and air is 0.5 according to the atomization quality and concentration distribution characteristics of the alcohol nozzles, one ignition electric nozzle spark plug is opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly, and the other ignition electric nozzle spark plug is positioned between the two alcohol nozzles.
Further, the energy storage of the semiconductor ignition power nozzle assembly is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 14Hz.
The high-capacity heat strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants solves the following key technical problems:
(1) The flow speed of low-temperature high-pressure incoming flow at the inlet of the gas generator is effectively reduced; (2) improving heat capacity strength; (3) Has good performance under various complex loads, the service life is prolonged; (4) Under high pressure, rapid and reliable ignition and stable combustion are achieved.
The gas generator is difficult to organize to stably and efficiently burn due to the low temperature, the low pressure and the high speed of incoming air at the inlet of the gas generator, and the larger total pressure loss is caused, so that the reduction of the incoming air speed is the primary problem of the gas generator. The high-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants adopts a pipeline structure, is cylindrical and small in volume, combines the technology of an engine combustion chamber diffuser, adopts a multi-channel diffuser on the basis of a pneumatic diffuser, and utilizes the advantages of small pressure loss, difficult separation of air flow, good working stability, insensitivity of a flame tube to incoming air distortion and good structural rigidity of the multi-channel diffuser to reasonably split inlet air, reduce the speed more by a larger expansion ratio, improve the static pressure, and simultaneously be favorable for ensuring that the air flow in each channel is not separated and work is stable.
The parts in the high-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants are fixedly connected in a welding mode, the thickness of the adapter plate is 50mm, which is tens of times thicker than that of a flame tube adapter plate of a conventional aeroengine, the structural rigidity and strength of the adapter plate are greatly enhanced, the adapter plate can effectively bear various impact loads, combustion heat influences and vibration caused by combustion pressure pulsation, and even if the gas generator is started and shut down rapidly, the adapter plate bears huge impact loads and does not collapse. Even when the gas generator is in abnormal working condition and is in severe vibration, the disc body structure of the switching disc and parts connected with the switching disc can be still guaranteed to be intact, and the service life of the gas generator is greatly prolonged.
The heat capacity intensity of the flame tube in the high heat capacity intensity gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants is 1 MJ/(m) 3 Pa.h), length to height ratio of about 1.9, less than 2 for today's advanced short annular combustors. The flame tube is supported in the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator in a manner of a locating pin and a guide pin. The adapter plate is provided with 4 flame tube positioning pin holes, the flame tube outer cylinder body is provided with 4 flame tube guiding pin sleeves, and the flame tube has multiple supporting points and scattered supporting positions. And the flame tube is fixed in the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator by utilizing the flame tube guide pin assembly and the flame tube positioning pin assembly. The supporting mode effectively reduces the influence of thermal stress of the flame tube, the thermal deformation of the outer tube of the flame tube is not influenced, the outer tube can be freely stretched, and the free thermal expansion of the outer tube is effectively ensured.
In order to achieve reliable ignition and stable combustion at high pressure with 100% success rate, the high heat capacity intensity gas generator with air and alcohol as propellant of the invention is provided with an alcohol nozzle assembly, a cyclone assembly and a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly.
Firstly, the alcohol nozzle component part, because the fuel used by the gas generator is alcohol, the physical property and the combustion enthalpy value of the alcohol are different from those of aviation kerosene which is a fuel of a conventional aeroengine, the performance and the spray quality parameters of the alcohol nozzle are optimized on the basis of referencing the design of the aviation kerosene nozzle, the gas generator is compact in structure and small in size, the diameter and the length of a combustion chamber are limited, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle component is designed into a large spray cone angle structure for realizing large heat holding intensity, a centrifugal nozzle is selected, and meanwhile, the centrifugal nozzle is further optimized into a double-path centrifugal nozzle for obtaining better atomization quality and considering the requirements of combustion stability and complete combustion.
Secondly, in the cyclone component part, as the spray cone angle of the double-way centrifugal nozzle is large, in order to prevent fuel from directly splashing to the flame tube wall surface to ablate the flame tube, a cyclone with a double-stage reverse structure capable of generating a premixed air film is arranged at the periphery of the double-way centrifugal nozzle, the cyclone is nested with the double-way centrifugal nozzle, a low-pressure area is formed behind the cyclone, and a thermal backflow area is generated to ensure flame stabilization; meanwhile, in order to ensure the distribution uniformity of fuel injection at the head of the combustion chamber, the spray quality and the fully premixed gas-liquid mixture, ensure the ignition starting reliability and the uniformity of the cross flame and the outlet temperature, the ratio of the space between the alcohol nozzles on the cyclone to the height of the head is 0.8, the number of the alcohol nozzles is 8, and the diameter of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the flame tube of the gas generator is determined according to the ratio.
Third, the semiconductor ignition nozzle component part has the advantages that the temperature of incoming air at the inlet of the gas generator is minus 10 ℃ to minus 40 ℃ and the air pressure is 1.85 to 1.9, the fuel alcohol (compared with aviation kerosene) of the generator has poor evaporation property and high evaporation latent heat under the low-temperature high-pressure environment, the low-temperature cold start is not favored, the ignition start time delta t is less than or equal to 1s, the ignition success rate is 100%, and the ignition success rate is more severe than the ignition start condition of the combustion chamber of the aeroengine. In addition, if the gas generator has ignition delay or failure, the gas generator body and the upstream and downstream equipment thereof are damaged due to the fact that the alcohol flow is large, the air pressure is high, explosion, detonation and even explosion risks are easy to occur, so that the ignition device of the gas generator is a key technology which must be overcome in a key way, the ignition device has enough energy, quick response and long service life, and the working state is reliable. The high-energy direct ignition device commonly applied to the aeroengine combustion chamber has the maximum energy storage of 20J and the spark discharge frequency of 1-5 Hz, and the semiconductor ignition power nozzle component is matched with the semiconductor ignition power nozzle by selecting the high-energy direct ignition device with the energy storage of 20J and the spark discharge frequency of 14Hz based on the characteristics of alcohol fuel and the working condition complexity of a gas generator. The high-energy ignition electric nozzle has high frequency and large energy (the volume of sparks generated by the discharge of the ignition electric nozzle is large), so that the contact frequency and the ignition area of the discharge sparks of the ignition electric nozzle and the combustible premixed gas (the premixed gas of air and alcohol) can be effectively ensured, and the gas generator can be rapidly ignited and started and reliably ignited. The dual high-energy ignition nozzle layout is adopted, so that the ignition starting speed and the ignition reliability can be further improved, and the ignition success rate reaches 100% of technical index requirements.
After low-temperature high-pressure high-speed incoming air enters the generator, a part of air enters the flame tube through a cyclone, small holes and the like at the head of the flame tube, the head of the flame tube adopts an impact cooling mode, low-temperature air is impacted on a splash guard through a plurality of small holes formed on a fuel split atomization device to form impact cooling, a layer of uniform air film is formed on the high-temperature side of the splash guard, the convection heat transfer between high-temperature fuel gas and the splash guard is reduced, and the temperature of the splash guard is controlled at a metal long-term allowable working temperature; the other part flows into an inner channel which is in butt joint with the diversion diffuser pipe and an outer ring channel between the flame tube and the pressure-bearing shell, and enters the flame tube through the main combustion hole, the mixing hole and the multiple inclined holes respectively. The flame tube is covered by a full air film which is uniformly distributed in the axial direction and the axial direction, so that the temperature of the surface of the flame tube is controlled at the working temperature of the metal which is allowed for a long time, and the deformation and buckling instability of the flame tube are effectively prevented.
The high-capacity heat strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants has the following advantages:
1. the high heat capacity intensity, the high flow rate and the high combustion intensity are realized, and the volume utilization rate of the flame tube is improved;
2. the rigidity and the strength are enough, various complex loads have strong bearing capacity, and the service life is greatly prolonged;
3. the structure is compact, the ignition reliability is high, the starting is rapid, the operation is stable, and all requirements of miniaturization, high-pressure quick starting, high temperature, high Mach number, large flow, quick closing, economy and the like of an injection system are met;
4. the structure is simple, the manufacturing difficulty is low, and the cost is low; the alcohol fuel is adopted, so that the economic efficiency of the gas generator is greatly improved;
5. effectively expands the application range and the field of the gas generator and is an innovation of the gas generator technology.
In summary, the high-capacity heat intensity gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants has the advantages of high capacity heat intensity, large flow, high combustion intensity, small volume, enough rigidity and intensity, strong bearing capacity of various complex loads, quick and reliable response of the ignition device, quick start, stable combustion, high combustion efficiency and quick shutdown under the condition of high-temperature high-pressure airflow, long service life and engineering popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high heat capacity intensity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel diffuser in a high heat capacity and strength gasifier using air and alcohol as propellants according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal flow field distribution of a high heat capacity intensity gas generator of the present invention with air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of a flame tube opening in a high heat capacity intensity gasifier with air and alcohol as propellants according to the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the wall film of a flame tube in a high heat capacity intensity gas generator of the present invention with air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a switching disk in a high heat capacity and strength gasifier using air and alcohol as propellants according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly in a high heat capacity intensity gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the operation of the high heat capacity intensity gas generator of example 1 using air and alcohol as propellants during the ignition start-up phase;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the operation of the high heat capacity intensity gas generator of example 1 using air and alcohol as propellants under design conditions;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the temperature at the outlet of the high heat capacity intensity gasifier using air and alcohol as propellants according to example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the wall temperature of the flame tube in the high heat capacity intensity gasifier using air and alcohol as propellants according to example 1.
In the figure, 1. A pressure-bearing shell of a gas generator; 2. a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline; 3. an alcohol nozzle assembly; 4. a flame tube; 5. a semiconductor firing nozzle assembly; 6. a flame tube guide pin assembly; 7. a flame tube locating pin assembly;
101. an inlet flange; 102. pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I; 103. pressure-bearing shell diffuser II;
401. a flame tube split diffuser pipe; 402. a cyclone assembly; 403. a switching disc; 404. an outer cylinder of the flame tube; 405. an inner cylinder of the flame tube; 406. a splash guard; 407. a cap cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, 4a, 4b, 5 and 6, the high-capacity heat intensity gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants comprises a gas generator pressure-bearing shell 1, a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline 2, an alcohol nozzle assembly 3, a flame tube 4, a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5, a flame tube guide pin assembly 6 and a flame tube positioning pin assembly 7;
the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; the incoming flow direction of the air flow is taken as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator is provided with an air inlet which is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end is provided with an air outlet which is communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
in the interior of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, the front section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator is an expansion section, the middle section is an equal straight section, the rear section is an outlet section, and a flame tube 4 is arranged on the central axis;
the fuel alcohol supply pipeline 2 is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator through a clamping ring, the alcohol nozzle assembly 3 is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, the fuel alcohol supply pipeline 2 extends into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly 3 and is connected with the swirler assembly 402 of the flame tube 4, and fuel alcohol is injected into the swirler assembly 402; the flame tube locating pin assembly 7, the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5 and the flame tube guide pin assembly 6 are fixed at the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator sequentially from front to back through fixing pieces; the flame tube locating pin assembly 7 and the flame tube guide pin assembly 6 are respectively inserted into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube 4; the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5 is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting the combustible premix sprayed by the adapter plate 403 of the flame tube 4;
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of the expansion section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, the gas generator comprises an inlet flange 101, a pressure-bearing shell diffuser I102 and a pressure-bearing shell diffuser II 103 which are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back, the inner cavity of the inlet flange 101 is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell diffuser I102 is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and provided with an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell diffuser II 103 is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and provided with an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than the length of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube split-flow diffusion pipe 401 of the flame tube 4, and the inner cavity of the flame tube split-flow diffusion pipe 401 is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are in smooth transition from front to back; given the total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multichannel diffuser, the efficiency eta of the multichannel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, calculating the outlet diameter of the multichannel diffuser and the total length of the gas generator by pre-written calculation software;
the length-to-height ratio of the flame tube 4 is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube split diffuser 401, a cyclone component 402, a switching disc 403, a flame tube outer tube 404, a flame tube inner tube 405, a splash guard 406 and a cap 407; the rear end of the flame tube split diffuser 401 is fixedly connected with a flame tube inner cylinder 405, the flame tube inner cylinder 405 is sleeved with a flame tube outer cylinder 404, uniformly distributed adapter plates 403 are arranged in an annular cavity between the flame tube inner cylinder 405 and the flame tube outer cylinder 404 and at the front section of the flame tube inner cylinder 405, inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are mutually staggered are formed at the rear sections of the flame tube inner cylinder 405 and the flame tube outer cylinder 404, blending holes which are arrayed are also formed in the flame tube outer cylinder 404, cooling gas flows through the outer wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404, high-temperature fuel gas flows through the inner wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404, and the cooling gas permeates into the flame tube outer cylinder 404 through the blending holes and forms a wall surface gas film at the position close to the inner wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404; the front end of the adapter plate 403 is covered with a cover cap 407, the center of the adapter plate 403 is provided with a cyclone assembly 402, and the rear end of the cyclone assembly 402 is provided with a splash guard 406;
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow distribution of the gas flow entering the gas generator is 19% of head gas inlet, 1% of head cooling gas, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole and outer main combustion hole gas inlet, 38% of blending hole gas inlet and 9.6% of wall gas film cooling gas inlet.
Further, the thickness of the pressure-bearing shell diffuser I102 and the pressure-bearing shell diffuser II 103 is 10mm.
Further, the thickness of the adapter plate 403 is 50mm.
Further, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle assembly 3 is a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
Further, two ignition electric nozzles in the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly 5 are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube 4, the ignition electric nozzles are positioned in a reflux area with low air flow speed of the flame tube 4 and the residual air coefficient of the two-phase mixture of alcohol and air is 0.5 according to the atomization quality and concentration distribution characteristics of the alcohol nozzles, one ignition electric nozzle spark plug is opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly 3, and the other ignition electric nozzle spark plug is positioned between the two alcohol nozzles.
Further, the energy storage of the semiconductor ignition power nozzle assembly 5 is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 14Hz.
Example 1:
the design parameters of the high-capacity heat intensity gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants are shown in table 1, the main structural parameters are shown in table 2, the diameters of the inner main combustion holes and the outer main combustion holes are respectively 8 and 7.1, and the numbers of the inner main combustion holes and the outer main combustion holes are respectively 16 and 32; the diameter of the mixing holes was 10 and the number was 30. The total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multi-channel diffuser is 2%, the efficiency eta of the multi-channel diffuser is 95%, the inlet diameter 125 of the diffuser is calculated by pre-written calculation software to obtain the outlet diameter 200 of the multi-channel diffuser and the total length 1190 of the gas generator.
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-capacity heat intensity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants in the embodiment has low incoming air temperature and high pressure, the incoming air temperature is changed between minus 10 ℃ and minus 40 ℃, the upstream air valve of the gas generator is quickly opened, the incoming air pressure is instantaneously increased from 0.1 to 1.85 to 1.9 within 1s, and the incoming air temperature is lower and can be reduced to about minus 75 ℃ during closing; the ignition starting time delta t of the generator is less than or equal to 1s and is 100 percent reliable, the pressure of the generator rapidly reaches the rated state from 1.85 to 1.9 to 3.7 to 3.8, the generator is continuous and unchanged, the vehicle is turned off rapidly, and the pressure is instantaneously reduced to the state before ignition.
For safety reasons, it is necessary to develop a small-flow ignition starting performance test study, and the aim is to find the optimal parameters so as to realize rapid ignition starting, ignition reliability and flame stability. The high heat capacity intensity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant in this example was subjected to an ignition performance verification test. The ignition performance verification test obtains an operation curve of an ignition starting stage shown in fig. 7, wherein the injection time ti is the interval from the point of pressure measurement before the injection of the alcohol to the injection time of the alcohol nozzle when the quick valve at the tail end of the alcohol liquid supply pipeline starts the alcohol flow, and the ignition starting time ts is the time interval from the discharge of the ignition electric nozzle to the ignition of the combustible mixture and the propagation of flame to the whole flame tube, so that stable flame is formed. As can be seen from fig. 7, the injection time and the ignition start time are 0.42s and 0.14s, respectively, the fuel alcohol is ignited almost simultaneously when being injected into the flame tube, the propagation speed of the flame after ignition is rapid, and the pressure of the combustion chamber reaches a stable value in a very short (or shorter) time; the sum of the two times is 0.56s, which is less than the ignition starting time (delta t is less than or equal to 1 s) required by the design index of the gas generator, and the ignition is started rapidly; multiple repeated tests are carried out on the basis, and the full-flow ignition starting performance test is gradually changed into the full-flow ignition starting performance test, so that the ignition is successfully started (as long as the ignition electric nozzle works normally, the ignition success rate is 100%, the ignition reliability is high), stable combustion flame is formed, and the ignition starting performance target is realized.
In order to verify whether the high-capacity thermal strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants meets the operation requirement of an injection system or not, the high-capacity thermal strength gas generator has enough rigidity and strength, can bear large starting impact and other complex loads, and meets the design index requirements of high-pressure quick starting, stable combustion, high combustion efficiency, quick vehicle closing and high capacity thermal strength. The high heat capacity intensity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant in this example also performed a combustion performance verification test.
An operating curve under the design conditions shown in fig. 8 is obtained. As can be seen from fig. 8, the high-capacity heat intensity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant in this embodiment has high air pressure before starting, rapid starting, stable combustion chamber pressure curve, and rapid closing, and meets the design index requirement of high-capacity heat intensity.
The temperature curve at the outlet shown in fig. 9 is obtained, the distance between the temperature bent and the outlet of the generator is about 2000mm, and the temperature bent measuring points are sequentially numbered from top to bottom along the radial direction of the section of the measuring section. As can be seen from fig. 9, the temperature distribution on the same radial cross section exhibits a high middle and low sides; in addition, the deviation of the temperature of the same radial section of the outlet of the measuring section is kept within 50K (980K-1020K), the temperature is the high-speed gas temperature discharged by the gas generator, and the total gas temperature of the outlet of the gas generator is converted into about 1100K, so that the gas temperature of the invention reaches the design index requirement.
A flame tube wall temperature profile as shown in fig. 10 was obtained. As can be seen from fig. 10, the temperature of each measuring point does not exceed 560 ℃, and the long-term allowable use temperature of the high-temperature alloy used by the flame tube is about 800 ℃, which indicates that the cooling scheme of the flame tube is reasonable in design and good in cooling effect; on the basis of the full-flow repeated test, the structure of the flame tube is checked, and each structure of the flame tube is perfect, and the problems of cracks, deformation, chipping, ablation, corrosion and the like are avoided.
Experiments prove that the high-heat-capacity strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants has high structural reliability, enough rigidity and strength, can bear various complex loads in the combustion process, and greatly prolongs the service life.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and the embodiments, but it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications and variations may readily be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.
Claims (3)
1. The high-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants is characterized by comprising a gas generator pressure-bearing shell (1), a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline (2), an alcohol nozzle assembly (3), a flame tube (4), a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5), a flame tube guide pin assembly (6) and a flame tube positioning pin assembly (7);
the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; the incoming flow direction of the air flow is taken as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator is provided with an air inlet which is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with an air outlet which is communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator is provided with an expansion section at the front section, an equal straight section at the middle section and an outlet section at the rear section, and a flame tube (4) is arranged on the central axis;
the fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline (2) is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator through a clamping ring, the alcohol nozzle assembly (3) is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator, and the fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline (2) stretches into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly (3) and is connected with the cyclone assembly (402) of the flame tube (4) to inject fuel alcohol into the cyclone assembly (402); the flame tube locating pin assembly (7), the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5) and the flame tube guide pin assembly (6) are sequentially fixed at the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator from front to back through fixing pieces; the flame tube locating pin assembly (7) and the flame tube guide pin assembly (6) are respectively inserted into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gasifier from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube (4); the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5) is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting the combustible premix sprayed by the adapter plate (403) of the flame tube (4);
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of the expansion section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator, the gas generator comprises an inlet flange (101), a pressure-bearing shell diffuser section I (102) and a pressure-bearing shell diffuser section II (103) which are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back, the inner cavity of the inlet flange (101) is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell diffuser section I (102) is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and provided with an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell diffuser section II (103) is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and provided with an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than the length of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube split-flow diffusion tube (401) of the flame tube (4), and the inner cavity of the flame tube split-flow diffusion tube (401) is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are in smooth transition from front to back; given the total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multichannel diffuser, the efficiency eta of the multichannel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, calculating the outlet diameter of the multichannel diffuser and the total length of the gas generator by pre-written calculation software;
the length-to-height ratio of the flame tube (4) is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube split diffuser tube (401), a cyclone component (402), a switching disc (403), a flame tube outer tube (404), a flame tube inner tube (405), a splash guard (406) and a cap cover (407); the rear end of the flame tube split diffuser pipe (401) is fixedly connected with a flame tube inner cylinder (405), the flame tube inner cylinder (405) is sleeved with a flame tube outer cylinder (404), a uniformly distributed adapter plate (403) is arranged in an annular cavity between the flame tube inner cylinder (405) and the flame tube outer cylinder (404) and at the front section of the flame tube inner cylinder (405), inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are mutually staggered are formed at the rear sections of the flame tube inner cylinder (405) and the flame tube outer cylinder (404), blending holes which are arrayed are also formed in the flame tube outer cylinder (404), cold gas flows through the outer wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder (404), high-temperature fuel gas flows through the blending holes, and the cold gas permeates into the flame tube outer cylinder (404) to form a wall surface gas film at the inner wall surface position close to the flame tube outer cylinder (404); the front end of the adapter plate (403) is covered with a cap cover (407), the center of the adapter plate (403) is provided with a cyclone assembly (402), and the rear end of the cyclone assembly (402) is provided with a splash guard (406);
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow after the air flow enters the gas generator is distributed into 19% of head air inlet, 1% of head cooling air, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole air inlet and outer main combustion hole air inlet, 38% of blending hole air inlet and 9.6% of wall air film cooling air inlet;
the thickness of the switching disc (403) is 50mm;
the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle assembly (3) is a double-way centrifugal nozzle;
the energy storage of the semiconductor ignition power nozzle assembly (5) is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 14Hz;
the heat capacity intensity of the flame tube in the gas generator is 1 MJ/(m3.Pa.h).
2. The high heat capacity and strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellant according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the pressure bearing shell diffuser section i (102) and the pressure bearing shell diffuser section ii (103) is 10mm.
3. The high heat capacity gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant according to claim 1, wherein the ignition electric nozzles in the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly (5) are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube (4), the ignition electric nozzles are positioned in a reflux area with low air flow speed of the flame tube (4) according to the atomization quality and concentration distribution characteristic of the alcohol nozzles, the residual air coefficient of the mixture of alcohol and air is 0.5, one ignition electric nozzle spark plug is opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly (3), and the other ignition electric nozzle spark plug is positioned between the two alcohol nozzles.
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| CN115343053B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-08-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | Flame tube flame linkage test device of combustion chamber of gas turbine |
| CN116045307B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2024-04-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Dual-centrifugal air alcohol torch igniter |
| CN116183234B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-06-30 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Double-deck steady voltage room that admits air of high altitude platform |
| CN118066036B (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-07-12 | 北京大学 | Liquid-phase kerosene empty cylinder type continuous detonation engine |
| CN118391705B (en) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-08-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Flame guide tube of torch igniter for combustion heater, and mounting method and test method thereof |
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| GB189716977A (en) * | 1897-07-19 | 1898-05-20 | Walter John Hubert Jones | Improvements in Means for Heating the Ignition Device for Gas, Oil, or Spirit Engines. |
| US5515681A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1996-05-14 | Simmonds Precision Engine Systems | Commonly housed electrostatic fuel atomizer and igniter apparatus for combustors |
| CN101144430B (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2010-06-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tower type flame holder for rotor engine |
| CN101307916B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2010-06-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gas turbine combustion-chamber for combusting ethanol fuel |
| CN103697471B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-01-13 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院 | A kind of take ethanol as the toroidal combustion chamber gas generator of fuel |
| CN107420937B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2019-04-26 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院江油天诚实业公司 | It is a kind of using ethyl alcohol as the multi-point injection gas generator of fuel |
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