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CN114655374B - 基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船 - Google Patents

基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船 Download PDF

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CN114655374B
CN114655374B CN202210214076.9A CN202210214076A CN114655374B CN 114655374 B CN114655374 B CN 114655374B CN 202210214076 A CN202210214076 A CN 202210214076A CN 114655374 B CN114655374 B CN 114655374B
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陈明胜
刘瀚昱
王春正
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/14—Fishing vessels
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
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    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B2021/003—Mooring or anchoring equipment, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于风能‑波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，包括船首、船尾和设置于船首与船尾之间的若干养殖网箱；船首设置内转塔单点系泊系统，内转塔单点系泊系统包括设置于船首的月池和位于月池内的浮筒，船首与浮筒转动连接；船尾的甲板上方安装有风力发电机，甲板下方安装有波浪能发电装置。本发明将波浪能发电装置布置于船尾，在增大振荡浮子垂荡运动响应，增大发电效率的同时，也可利用振荡浮子的阻尼作用减小养殖工船的垂荡及纵摇运动响应；在船尾设置水平轴风机，使船体重心后移，可增强整船单点系泊风标效应，增加海水交换率，同时可保持风机较好的迎风姿势，进行高发电效率的工作，弥补波浪能发电的间歇性弱点。

Description

基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船
技术领域
本发明属于养殖工船技术领域，具体涉及一种适用于深海养殖的采用风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的养殖工船。
背景技术
现有养殖工船技术存在依赖陆上能源供给的问题，针对这个难题，中国专利CN113460254A公开了一种能源自给式模块化养殖工船，可有效解决养殖工船能源自给困难的问题，但该专利存在以下缺点：（1）波浪能发电装置靠近单点系泊点，垂荡运动响应不够显著；（2）整船重心位置靠前，风标效应不显著；（3）波浪能发电具有间歇性，发电效率不稳定。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，该船将波浪能发电装置布置于船尾，并在船尾设置水平轴风机，可有效解决上述问题。
本发明为解决上述提出的技术问题所采用的技术方案为：
一种基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，包括船首、船尾和设置于所述船首与船尾之间的若干养殖网箱；所述船首设置内转塔单点系泊系统，所述内转塔单点系泊系统包括设置于船首的月池和位于所述月池内的浮筒，所述船首与所述浮筒转动连接；所述船尾的甲板上方安装有风力发电机，甲板下方安装有波浪能发电装置。
上述方案中，所述浮筒通过其上部边缘设置的抓钩与月池内部圆环连接，所述浮筒底部安装有锚链。
上述方案中，所述甲板为升降甲板，可沿船体竖直方向上下移动。
上述方案中，所述船尾两侧设置有升降履带，所述甲板通过升降履带与船体相连，通过升降履带实现甲板的升降运动。
上述方案中，所述波浪能发电装置包括PTO系统、液压伸缩杆和浮子，所述PTO系统固定安装于所述甲板下方，所述浮子通过液压伸缩杆与PTO系统相连。
上述方案中，所述甲板上还布置有整流装置，所述风力发电机和波浪能发电装置均与所述整流装置连接，整流装置将风能发电机和波浪能发电装置所产生的随机、波动的电流整合为稳定的电流。
上述方案中，所述船首为三角形结构，船首上还设置上层建筑。
上述方案中，所述上层建筑内置海水淡化装置，通过风能-波浪能联合发电提供能源。
上述方案中，所述养殖网箱底部设置网衣，养殖网箱上方设置饲料投喂装置。
上述方案中，所述船首、养殖网箱与船尾之间通过柔性连接装置相连。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）本发明将波浪能发电装置布置于船尾，使得波浪能发电装置位置远离整船重心位置，在增大振荡浮子垂荡运动响应，增大发电效率的同时，也可利用振荡浮子的阻尼作用减小养殖工船的垂荡及纵摇运动响应。
（2）本发明在船尾设置水平轴风机，使船体重心后移，可增强整船单点系泊风标效应，增加海水交换率，同时可保持风机较好的迎风姿势，进行高发电效率的工作，进一步增加能源捕获效率，弥补波浪能发电的间歇性弱点，并将多余电能用于海水淡化，供给船上人员使用。
（3）船首采用内转塔式单点系泊，可实现养殖工船的单点系泊以及危险海况下的快速解脱避险；相较于将转塔置于船外的外转塔式系泊，内转塔式系泊的艏摇运动响应更为柔和，高海况下不会带来过于剧烈的艏摇，从而保护网箱内的鱼品。
（4）将风机设置在升降甲板上的作用在于：风机工作时，升降甲板升起，可在范围内调节风机叶轮高度，使得其处于较高的发电效率状态；航行时，升降甲板降下，降低整船重心高度，增大船舶航行稳性。浮子通过液压伸缩杆与PTO系统相连。在升降甲板进行高度调节时，也可通过液压伸缩杆对浮子的吃水量作出一定调整，同时保证风力发电机和波浪能发电装置的发电效率。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是本发明基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船的整体结构立体图；
图2是图1所示深远海养殖工船的主视图；
图3是图1所示深远海养殖工船的侧视图；
图4是图1所示深远海养殖工船的内转塔式单点系泊示意图；
图5是图1所示深远海养殖工船的船尾局部结构图。
图中：10、船首；11、内转塔单点系泊系统；111、月池；112、浮筒；113、月池内部圆环；12、上层建筑；
20、养殖网箱；21、网衣；22、饲料投喂装置；
30、船尾；31、甲板；32、升降履带；33、整流装置；
40、风力发电机；
50、波浪能发电装置；51、浮子。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1-3所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，包括船首10、船尾30和设置于船首10与船尾30之间的若干养殖网箱20。
如图4所示，船首10设置内转塔单点系泊系统11，内转塔单点系泊系统11包括设置于船首10的月池111和位于月池111内的浮筒112，船首10与浮筒112转动连接，可实现养殖工船的单点系泊以及危险海况下的快速解脱避险。船首10与浮筒112的具体连接方式为，浮筒112通过其上部边缘设置的抓钩与月池内部圆环113连接，浮筒112底部安装锚链，形成内转塔式单点系泊，相较于将转塔置于船外的外转塔式系泊，内转塔式系泊的艏摇运动响应更为柔和，高海况下不会带来过于剧烈的艏摇，从而保护网箱内的鱼品。
如图5所示，船尾30设置了升降甲板31，具体设置方式为，船尾30两侧设置有升降履带32，甲板31通过升降履带32与船体相连，通过升降履带32实现甲板31的升降运动。升降甲板31上方安装有风力发电机40，甲板31下方安装有波浪能发电装置50。风力发电机40为水平轴风机，水平轴风机通过基座安装于升降甲板31上。将风机设置在升降甲板31上的作用在于：风机工作时，升降甲板31升起，可在范围内调节风机叶轮高度，使得其处于较高的发电效率状态；航行时，升降甲板31降下，降低整船重心高度，增大船舶航行稳性。波浪能发电装置50为振荡浮子式波浪能发电装置，包括PTO系统、液压伸缩杆和浮子51，PTO系统固定安装于甲板31下方，浮子51通过液压伸缩杆与PTO系统相连。在升降甲板31进行高度调节时，也可通过液压伸缩杆对浮子51的吃水量作出一定调整，同时保证风力发电机40和波浪能发电装置50的发电效率。甲板31上还布置有整流装置33，风力发电机40和波浪能发电装置50均与整流装置33连接，整流装置33将风能发电机40和波浪能发电装置50所产生的随机、波动的电流整合为稳定的电流。
进一步优化，本实施例中，船首10为三角形结构，三角形首部可以在系泊状态提供较好的阻力性能。船首10上还设置上层建筑12，供船员起居及布置饲料储存舱室，海水淡化装置等。
进一步优化，本实施例中，养殖网箱20底部设置网衣21，船体内网箱为正方体，船体下网衣21为四棱锥形。养殖网箱20上方设置饲料投喂装置22，为养殖网箱20中饲养鱼投喂饲料。
进一步优化，本实施例中，船首10、养殖网箱20与船尾30之间通过柔性连接装置相连，可释放养殖工船包括纵摇、横摇在内的多自由度运动，从而有效减小船体在上述运动方向上的载荷，使整个养殖工船能够更好地抵抗纵向弯矩及横向和纵向剪切力，因此养殖工船具有较高的安全性和可靠性，从而很好的适应海上恶劣环境。
进一步优化，本实施例中，风力发电机40的功率为5MW，养殖网箱20数量为4个。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，其特征在于，包括船首、船尾和设置于所述船首与船尾之间的若干养殖网箱；
所述船首设置内转塔单点系泊系统，所述内转塔单点系泊系统包括设置于船首的月池和位于所述月池内的浮筒，所述船首与所述浮筒转动连接；所述浮筒通过其上部边缘设置的抓钩与月池内部圆环连接，所述浮筒底部安装有锚链；
所述船尾的甲板上方安装有风力发电机，甲板下方安装有波浪能发电装置；所述甲板为升降甲板，能够沿船体竖直方向上下移动，所述船尾两侧设置有升降履带，所述甲板通过升降履带与船体相连，通过升降履带实现甲板的升降运动；所述波浪能发电装置包括PTO系统、液压伸缩杆和浮子，所述PTO系统固定安装于所述甲板下方，所述浮子通过液压伸缩杆与PTO系统相连；所述甲板上还布置有整流装置，所述风力发电机和波浪能发电装置均与所述整流装置连接，整流装置将风能发电机和波浪能发电装置所产生的随机、波动的电流整合为稳定的电流；
风力发电机工作时，升降甲板升起，通过在范围内调节风机叶轮高度，使得其处于较高的发电效率状态；航行时，升降甲板降下，降低整船重心高度，增大船舶航行稳性；在升降甲板进行高度调节时，通过液压伸缩杆对浮子的吃水量作出调整，同时保证风力发电机和波浪能发电装置的发电效率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，其特征在于，所述船首为三角形结构，船首上还设置上层建筑。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，其特征在于，所述上层建筑内置海水淡化装置，通过风能-波浪能联合发电提供能源。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，其特征在于，所述养殖网箱底部设置网衣，养殖网箱上方设置饲料投喂装置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于风能-波浪能联合发电和单点系泊的深远海养殖工船，其特征在于，所述船首、养殖网箱与船尾之间通过柔性连接装置相连。
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