CN114595499A - BIM and GIS accurate registration method applied to long-distance water diversion project - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM + GIS precise registration method for long-distance diversion and water transfer engineering. The method comprises the steps of model segmentation design, segmentation base point setting, BIM coordinate system setting, segmentation model assembling, segmentation model derivation, GIS coordinate system resetting, GIS coordinate system conversion, GIS registration and the like. The invention innovatively provides a technical framework and a method for registration of the BIM + GIS of the long-distance water diversion project, breaks through the technical bottleneck of the application of the BIM + GIS of the long-distance project, and has great application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a registration technology of BIM and GIS applied to engineering, in particular to a BIM + GIS accurate registration method of a long-distance diversion project, which provides key technical support for BIM + GIS fusion application.
Background
The BIM takes the model as a carrier, and can collect engineering data in the whole life cycle of engineering design, construction and operation. The GIS is an information system for storing, managing, describing and analyzing information such as terrain, landform, location distribution and the like related to geographic space, and provides functions of storing, operating, processing and the like for spatial elements such as geographic locations and the like.
In the past, GIS and BIM are based on respective functions in the field of the GIS and BIM, and gradually go towards cross-border fusion with the development of times and technologies: BIM needs GIS to bring BIM into a more macroscopic scene, so as to realize full-scale mastering and unified scheduling of macroscopic conditions; the GIS needs BIM to enable the GIS to break through the indoor and outdoor estrangement and achieve the indoor and outdoor seamless connection integration application.
GIS + BIM has overlapping points in data and application aspects, such as space analysis, data representation form, information management and the like, so that the fusion of the two aspects has infinite possibility. The GIS and BIM fusion technology is widely applied to the industries of traffic, water conservancy, buildings, energy and the like.
The BIM + GIS application first addresses the registration problem. BIM design software is a plane local coordinate system, and GIS is a spherical geographic coordinate system and a projection coordinate system. The plane BIM model inevitably has model offset and warping in the spherical surface, so that the plane coordinate system model needs to be converted into the spherical coordinate system. Unifying BIM and multisource GIS data such as an oblique photography model and a terrain into a coordinate system through coordinate conversion to realize alignment of various information; on the basis, data fusion processing is carried out, and smooth connection and natural texture splicing are realized.
The registration of BIM and GIS of the punctiform hydraulic engineering such as a pump station, a power station and the like is easy to realize, but the influence of the curvature of the earth on the spherical surface is large and can not be ignored due to the long line of the long-distance water diversion and distribution engineering. It can be understood by analogy that falling a piece of dust on the globe can be well fused, but placing a pencil on the globe can cause the two ends to warp.
GIS has the capability of coordinate transformation, the coordinate transformation of a point line surface is mature, but the application of the transformation capability to BIM model data is still a great challenge. The million-order vertices of the model need to be shifted and deformed one by one, so that the straight model adapts to the curved spherical surface, and complex calculation of computer graphics is needed. Especially for long distance engineering, the accumulated error of the conversion calculation is not negligible, and the height and the plane have obvious deviation.
Limited by the current underlying capabilities of the BIM and GIS software, one way is to solve the registration problem of the BIM and the GIS of the long-distance diversion project through a planar scene. By placing the BIM model on a plane scene, the problems of offset and warping of a spherical surface on the model are avoided. Briefly, the BIM model is integrated into a planar world map rather than a globe to achieve a tight seam of the model. However, the method influences the performance of GIS functions such as measurement, excavation and sunshine analysis based on the spherical surface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention initiates a method for transforming coordinates after a plane BIM model is segmented to realize the BIM + GIS accurate registration of the long-distance water diversion project. In short, a long model is divided into a plurality of segments, the base point of each segment is appointed, the coordinate conversion is carried out segment by segment, and the accumulated error is dispersed to each segment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a BIM and GIS accurate registration method applied to long-distance water diversion engineering comprises the following steps:
s1, model segmentation design: the BIM model of the long-distance diversion project is designed in a segmented mode, segmentation can be carried out according to actual standard segments or fixed lengths, and the length of the segmentation is smaller than the modeling range of the BIM software.
S2, segment base point setting: a base point is selected for each segment, and the plane coordinates of the base point need to be definite integers and close to the model entity, so that the data volume of the subsequent vertex transformation calculation is reduced.
S3, setting a BIM coordinate system: often there are multiple buildings within a segment, each created from a different file. The building models are positioned through the base points of the building model section, and the specific method is that a CAD plan with a coordinate grid is inserted into the plan view of each single building. The CAD drawing and the BIM model are superposed through operations such as rotation and movement. On the basis, according to the coordinates set in step S2, the project base points of the building model files are moved to coincide with the coordinate points corresponding to the CAD drawing without being dragged, and then the measurement points are moved to coincide with the project base points by dragging. Through the steps, the BIM model obtains the coordinate value consistent with the engineering general floor layout drawing.
The item base point can be understood as an insertion base point of the BIM model. The traction moving finger model can move along with the base point, and the relative position of the model and the base point is kept unchanged; the non-traction movement refers to that the model keeps still when the base point moves, and the relative position of the model and the base point changes.
The measurement points can be understood as coordinate calculation base points of the BIM model. Keeping the coordinate values of the measuring points of the traction moving finger unchanged (0,0), and changing the coordinate values of the project base points; the coordinate values of the measuring points of the non-traction moving finger are changed, and the coordinate values of the project base points are kept unchanged at (0, 0).
S4, assembling the segmented model: and assembling each building in the segment into a file in a link mode. The positioning mode selects "project base point to project base point". The achieved effect is that each building in the segment is respectively positioned in BIM software and accurately registered.
S5, segmentation model derivation: and (4) exporting the BIM model of each segmental assembly by using the export plug-in. The plane coordinates are selected for derivation, and the coordinate values are input to the base point coordinates in step S2.
S6, resetting a GIS coordinate system: and loading the export file of the step S5 into GIS software, wherein the self-contained coordinate system is a plane non-projection coordinate system. And judging a projection coordinate system corresponding to the project according to the actual position of the project on the earth, resetting the coordinate system and setting the BIM model data as the projection coordinate system.
S7, GIS coordinate system conversion: the projection coordinate system of step S6 is converted to the geographical coordinate system by projection conversion, so that the planar BIM model can be fitted to the spherical surface.
The relationship between the geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system is as follows:
wherein Δ X0、ΔY0、ΔZ0As a translation parameter,. epsilonx εy εzM is a scale factor for the rotation parameter.
The derivation process is as follows,
taking the full differential of equation (2) to obtain:
where da and df are the differential of the major semi-axis and the oblate power of the ellipsoid, and the expressions J, A are respectively:
pair (3) type left multiplication of two ends by J-1And shifting terms to obtain:
according to the Boolean sand model, the following are obtained:
and by increments instead of differentials, i.e. order
The compounds of the formulae (7), (8), (9) and (10) and J-1Substituting the formula (6) and simplifying the finishing to obtain the formula (1).
S8, GIS registration: and on the basis that the BIM model is integrated into the spherical surface, GIS data such as DEM, DOM, TIF, oblique photography and the like are further superposed. And for the small deviation, adjusting by using a registration function of GIS software.
Through the method, the correct coordinate values of the BIM model are obtained and reset to the projection coordinate system, and then the projection coordinate system is converted into the geographic coordinate system such as CGC2000 and the like to adapt to the spherical environment through projection conversion, so that the BIM and the GIS coordinate system are unified, and coordinate registration is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the registration breakthrough of the BIM + GIS of the long-distance diversion project is realized, and a foundation is laid for the BIM + GIS fusion application of the project.
The invention has the advantages and characteristics of clear logic, simple and convenient operation, good space intuition and the like, and has popularization and application values in practice. At present, no clear technical method exists for registration of BIM + GIS in long-distance diversion project, and different methods are adopted in practice to avoid technical difficulties. The invention innovatively provides a technical framework and a method for registration of BIM + GIS of a long-distance water diversion project, organically integrates a BIM technology and a GIS space analysis technology into a digitization process of the long-distance water diversion project, and provides a reliable solution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of project base point setup;
fig. 3 is a measurement point setting diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation process of the BIM and GIS accurate registration method applied to the long-distance water diversion project of the present invention includes the following 8 steps:
s1, model segmentation design: according to the overall engineering plane layout diagram, a tunnel BIM model of a long-distance water diversion project about 114 kilometers is divided into 16 segments according to actual segments, and the length of each segment is 3.2-10.9 kilometers and is smaller than the maximum range of common BIM software. Taking BIM software Revit as an example, the maximum range of the model is a modeling work plane with a diameter of 20 miles (about 32 kilometers).
S2, segment base point setting: and selecting a base point for each segment, wherein the base point needs to be an integer coordinate point in an engineering coordinate system for convenient and accurate positioning. Taking the 1 st segment as an example, the tunnel in the segment is 7.1 km long, and an integer coordinate point (422500,3270000) is selected as an item base point near the midpoint of the tunnel. The base point is close to the model entity, and the data volume of the subsequent vertex conversion calculation can be reduced. The other segments are operated in sequence in the same way.
S3, setting a BIM coordinate system: and completing BIM coordinate system setting in each segment. The 1 st subsection contains 3 tunnels and 2 buildings, and 5 BIM models are created. A CAD plan with a coordinate grid is inserted in the plan view of each BIM model. The building outline in the CAD drawing is coincided with the BIM model through operations such as rotation and movement. On the basis, the project base point of the BIM model file is moved to the point of the CAD drawing (422500,3270000) without dragging, as shown in FIG. 2. And then the measuring point is dragged to be coincident with the project base point, as shown in figure 3. Through the setting, the BIM model obtains the coordinate value consistent with the engineering general floor plan, and the insertion point of each model is the (422500,3270000) point. The other segments are operated in sequence in the same way.
S4, assembling the segmented model: assembling 5 BIM models in the 1 st subsection into a file, selecting a 'project base point to a project base point' in a positioning mode, overlapping the 5 models with the assembled file according to insertion points, and accurately registering. The other segments are operated in sequence in the same way.
S5, segmentation model derivation: and (4) exporting the BIM model of each segmental assembly by using the export plug-in. The plane coordinates are selected for derivation, and the coordinate values are input to the base point coordinates in step S2. The 1 st segment assembles the model input (422500,3270000), and the other segments are the same.
S6, resetting a GIS coordinate system: the BIM export file has a plane non-projection coordinate system as a coordinate system. And judging a corresponding projection coordinate system according to the target geographic coordinate system and the actual position of the project on the earth. As the geographic coordinate system of 2000 countries is fully started in China, the project is positioned in the northern hemisphere, the longitude is about 120 degrees, and the corresponding projection coordinate system is 3Degree GKzone40N (CGCS 2000) and EPSG Code 4549. And loading the export file into GIS software, resetting a coordinate system and selecting 3 Degrid GK Zone 40N. 16 segments operate similarly.
S7, GIS coordinate system conversion: the projection coordinate system 3Degree GK Zone40N of step S6 is transformed to the geographic coordinate system CCS _ China _2000 by projection transformation, so that the planar BIM model can be put into a spherical scene.
S8, GIS registration: and on the basis that the BIM model is integrated into the spherical surface, GIS data such as DEM, DOM, TIF, oblique photography and the like are further superposed. For small deviations, fine tuning is performed using the GIS registration function. 16 segments operate in the same manner.
The above embodiments are described in connection with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent change without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A BIM and GIS accurate registration method applied to long-distance water diversion engineering is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
s1, model segmentation design: carrying out segmentation design on the BIM model of the long-distance diversion project, segmenting according to actual standard segments or fixed lengths, wherein the length of each segment is smaller than the modeling range of the adopted BIM software;
s2, segment base point setting: selecting a base point for each segment, wherein the plane coordinates of the base point need to be definite integers and are close to the model entity so as to reduce the data volume of subsequent vertex conversion calculation;
s3, setting a BIM coordinate system: often there are multiple buildings within a segment, each created from a different file; each building model is positioned through the base point of the section, and the specific method is that a CAD plan with a coordinate grid is inserted into the plan view of each single building; enabling the CAD graph to coincide with the BIM model through rotation and movement operations; on the basis, according to the coordinates set in the step S2, firstly, the project base point of each building model file is not dragged to move to coincide with the coordinate point corresponding to the CAD graph, and then the measuring point is dragged to move to coincide with the project base point, so that the BIM model obtains the coordinate value consistent with the engineering general plane layout graph;
s4, assembling the segmented model: assembling each building in the segment into a file in a linking mode; the positioning mode selects 'project base point to project base point'; the achieved effect is that each building in the segment is respectively positioned in BIM software and is accurately registered;
s5, segmentation model derivation: exporting each segmented assembling BIM model by utilizing a exporting plug-in; selecting plane coordinates during derivation, and inputting coordinate values into the coordinates of the base point in step S2;
s6, resetting a GIS coordinate system: loading the export file of the step S5 into GIS software, judging a projection coordinate system corresponding to the export file according to the actual position of the project on the earth by using a coordinate system of the export file as a plane non-projection coordinate system, resetting the coordinate system and setting BIM model data as the projection coordinate system;
s7, GIS coordinate system conversion: converting the projection coordinate system of the step S6 to a geographic coordinate system through projection conversion, so that the planar BIM model can be attached to a spherical surface;
s8, GIS registration: on the basis that the BIM model is integrated into the spherical surface, GIS data such as DEM, DOM, TIF, oblique photography and the like are further superposed; and for the small deviation, adjusting by using a registration function of GIS software.
2. The BIM and GIS precise registration method applied to long-distance diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the item base point is an insertion base point of the BIM model, and the item base point changes the relative position between the model and the base point while the model remains stationary when the movement of the movement finger base point is not dragged.
3. The BIM and GIS precise registration method applied to long-distance diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the measurement point is a coordinate calculation base point of the BIM model; the coordinate values of the measuring points of the measuring point traction moving finger are kept unchanged (0,0), and the coordinate values of the project base points are changed.
4. The BIM and GIS precise registration method applied to long-distance diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S7, the geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system are related as follows:
wherein Δ X0、ΔY0、ΔZ0As a translation parameter,. epsilonx εy εzIs a rotation parameter, m is a scale factor; the derivation process is as follows:
taking the full differential of equation (2) to obtain:
where da and df are the differential of the major semi-axis and the oblate power of the ellipsoid, and the expressions J, A are respectively:
pair (3) type left multiplication of two ends by J-1And shifting terms to obtain:
according to the Boolean sand model, the following are obtained:
and by increments instead of differentials, i.e. order
The compounds of the formulae (7), (8), (9) and (10) and J-1Substituting the formula (6) and simplifying the finishing to obtain the formula (1).
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