CN114540659B - Weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and a preparation method thereof, the method combines solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening technologies, firstly, smelting and atomizing are carried out to obtain AgCu rare earth-Me powder, then, silver copper oxide powder is obtained through oxidation, then, hydrogen reduction is carried out to obtain silver copper oxide powder, then, molding, sintering and extruding are carried out to obtain the silver copper oxide electric contact material generated in situ by oxides, and finally, the silver copper oxide electric contact material with good wear resistance, good arc erosion resistance and good fusion welding resistance is obtained. The material microstructure oxide dispersion part prepared by the invention and rare earth modification strengthen the combined action, the material breaking capacity is better, the contact resistance is stable, the quality stability of weak current electric appliances or electronic products can be improved, and the service life of the weak current electric appliances or electronic products can be prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of in-situ metal oxide dispersion reinforced electric contact materials, in particular to a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Compared with pure Ag metal, the Ag-Cu alloy electric contact material has good wear resistance and arc erosion resistance, is widely applied to electrical and electronic products such as a micro switch, a relay, an automobile commutator, a brush piece, a motor rotor and the like, but has the defects that fusion welding is easy to occur when a motor is started instantly, and the reliability and the service life of the electrical and electronic products such as the relay, the automobile commutator, an unmanned aerial vehicle and the like are seriously influenced. The addition of metal oxide and rare earth element in Ag-Cu alloy can retain the advantages of good wear resistance and strong arc erosion resistance of Ag-Cu alloy, and can raise the fusion welding resistance of Ag-Cu alloy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a silver-copper rare earth-oxide electrical contact material having excellent wear resistance, arc erosion resistance, and good fusion welding resistance to meet the increasing demand for high-quality and long-life electronic and electrical products.
Through search, the following results are found:
the invention discloses a Chinese patent with application publication number CN101217226A, which is characterized in that a silver-copper-nickel-magnesium weak current sliding contact material is prepared by adding metal elements such as Ni, mg, pd, zn and the like into AgCu to perform smelting, ingot casting, rolling and annealing, and the contact material is silver alloy, so that fusion welding is easy to occur to products, and particularly, the starting current is large and failure is easy to occur at the moment of starting a motor. Compared with oxides with the same mass fraction, the metal solid solution is strengthened, and the fusion welding resistance of the product is improved.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent with publication number CN102290261A, which adopts atomization silver-copper alloy-oxidation-powder mixing-ball milling-molding-sintering-extrusion-rolling mode to prepare a silver-copper based metal oxide electrical contact material, but in the patent, a high-energy ball milling mode is adopted to mix various powders of silver, copper and oxide. The oxides are added and mixed, the oxides can only be distributed around the powder particles, the alloy particles do not contain the oxides, when the particle size of the oxide powder is less than 1um, the uniform dispersion is difficult to achieve by adopting a powder mixing ball milling process, the stability of the performance of the contact product is seriously influenced, and the service life of an electric and electronic product is further influenced.
Therefore, it is required to develop a method for preparing an electrical contact material with higher performance to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and a preparation method thereof.
According to one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material is provided, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting to obtain molten metal;
atomizing the molten metal to prepare powder to obtain AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder;
oxidizing the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder under high pressure to generate AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder in situ;
reducing the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder to obtain AgCu rare earth-MeO powder;
carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the AgCu rare earth-MeO powder to obtain an AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle;
sintering the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle to obtain a blank;
and carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the blank to obtain the weak-current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material.
Further, in the smelting process of putting the silver, the copper, the rare earth elements and the additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion, the weight parts of the substances are as follows: 1 to 5 portions of copper, 0.1 to 1 portion of rare earth element, 0.5 to 2 portions of additive metal Me0.5, and the balance of silver.
Further, the silver, the copper, the rare earth elements and the additive metal Me are placed in a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting, and the smelting process comprises the following steps: the rare earth element is a rare earth element capable of modifying the silver-copper alloy, and the additive metal Me is any one or more of non-rare earth metals of which oxides can be reduced by hydrogen.
Further, the step of smelting the silver, the copper, the rare earth elements and the additive metal Me in a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion comprises the following steps: the smelting temperature is 900-1200 ℃, the smelting time is 15-60 min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment or a non-oxygen protective atmosphere.
Further, atomizing and pulverizing the molten metal comprises: and carrying out high-pressure water atomization on the molten metal to prepare AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder, drying, and sieving by using a 100-600-mesh sieve to obtain the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder.
Further, the high-pressure oxidation of the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder comprises: the pressure of oxygen is 0.3-5 Mpa, the temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the time is 1.5-60 h.
Further, the reduction treatment of the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder includes: introducing hydrogen to reduce the CuO in the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder; wherein the gas flow of the hydrogen is 0.3-5 m 3 The reduction time is 12 to 60 hours at 500 to 800 ℃.
Further, the sintering the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle comprises: filling the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle into a sintering furnace, and filling H 2 Under the protection of gas, the sintering temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 4-60 h, and the gas flow is 0.3-1.5 m 3 And h, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging the mixture.
Further, the hot extrusion treatment of the blank body comprises the following steps: the heating temperature of hot extrusion is 600-850 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 30-450, the extrusion speed is 1-15 cm/min, and the wire material or the plate material is extruded.
According to another aspect of the invention, the weak current rare earth modified silver-copper oxide electrical contact material is obtained by the preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver-copper oxide electrical contact material, the rare earth modified silver-copper oxide electrical contact material has a microstructure that oxide MeO is uniformly dispersed and distributed on a single silver-copper alloy particle, and the particle size of the oxide MeO is 1-10 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material and the preparation method thereof, the combined action of metal solid solution strengthening, oxide dispersion distribution strengthening and rare earth modification is realized by combining an oxidation-reduction process with high-temperature sintering diffusion solid solution treatment, and the complementary advantages of the material can be fully realized by generating a small amount of oxide with high fusion welding resistance in situ, so that the electric contact material has good wear resistance and arc erosion resistance of a silver copper rare earth solution, and the rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material has better wear resistance, better fusion welding resistance, more stable contact resistance and longer service life, and therefore, the stability of a contact prepared by adopting the process and the service life of a product can be obviously improved.
2. Compared with the powder mixing/grinding direct addition process in the prior art, the process has more uniform tissue, less pollution and more fine and uniform oxide particles, and meanwhile, the more fine and uniform the oxide powder is, the more uniform the distribution is, the better the fusion welding resistance of the material is, and the longer the service life of the final product is reflected.
3. The rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple processing method, easy mass production, high yield and stable performance, and can greatly reduce the production cost of products.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a pressed metallographic structure diagram of an AgCuCe-Zn-Mg alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of a ZnO and MgO contact according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material, and with reference to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting to obtain molten metal;
in some specific embodiments, the weight parts of each material are: 1-5 parts of copper, 0.1-1 part of rare earth element, 0.5-2 parts of additive metal Me0.5, and the balance of silver; the rare earth element is a rare earth element capable of modifying the silver-copper alloy, and the additive metal Me is any one or more of non-rare earth metals of which oxides can be reduced by hydrogen. At present, ag alloy materials are mostly adopted in the field of weak current, the requirement for the stability of contact resistance in the field of weak current is high, the content of Ag in the electric contact materials used in the field at home and abroad is higher and is more than 90, but the alloy states have the defect that fusion welding is easy to occur and the alloy states are ineffective. To overcome this drawback, an appropriate oxide and a rare earth element are added to the electric contact material in the present embodiment. Wherein, the copper forms an alloy state with Ag to achieve the aim of realizing solid solution strengthening so as to greatly improve the wear resistance and strength of the material. The rare earth elements have the purpose of regulating and controlling the comprehensive electrical properties of the material, such as prolonging the electrical service life of a product and reducing the arc energy, namely achieving the effect of 'industrial monosodium glutamate', and the processing plasticity of the material is sharply reduced due to too many rare earth elements. The additive metal Me subsequently evolves to an oxide, which can serve the purpose of improving the solder resistance of the material, and if the additive metal Me is added in too large an amount, this can directly lead to unstable contact resistance.
In some specific embodiments, silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me are smelted in a smelting furnace in proportions that include: the smelting temperature is 900-1200 ℃, the smelting time is 15-60 min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment or a non-oxygen protective atmosphere.
In some preferred embodiments, the vacuum environment is a furnace pressure of 10 or less -3 Pa, the non-oxygen protective atmosphere, i.e. the reducing atmosphere, is a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
S2, atomizing the molten metal to prepare powder, and obtaining AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder;
in some specific embodiments, atomizing molten metal into powder comprises: and carrying out high-pressure water atomization on the molten metal to prepare AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder, drying, and sieving by using a 100-600-mesh sieve to obtain the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder.
S3, oxidizing AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder under high pressure to generate AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder in situ;
in some specific embodiments, a high pressure oxidized AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder comprises: the pressure of oxygen is 0.3-5 Mpa, the temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the time is 1.5-60 h.
The in-situ generation of AgCuO rare earth oxide-MeO powder refers to the fact that Cu, rare earth elements and Me are dissolved in an Ag matrix in advance in a smelting mode to form alloy powder particles, and then are oxidized into CuO, rare earth oxides and MeO, and the obtained effect is that the oxide MeO is generated in situ and is uniformly dispersed in single silver-copper alloy powder particles.
S4, reducing the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder to obtain AgCu rare earth-MeO powder;
in some specific embodiments, the reduction treatment of the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder is a selective reduction treatment comprising: introducing hydrogen to reduce CuO in AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder, because the rare earth element and the additive metal Me have stronger activity than H when selecting the rare earth element and the additive metal Me, cuO can be reduced by H 2 Reduction, while rare earth oxides and MeO cannot be substituted by H 2 Reduction, so that only hydrogen reduction treatment can be carried outReducing CuO in AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder; wherein the gas flow of the hydrogen is 0.3-5 m 3 The reduction time is 12 to 60 hours at 500 to 800 ℃.
S5, carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the AgCu rare earth-MeO powder to obtain an AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle;
in some specific embodiments, the AgCu rare earth-MeO powder is subjected to cold isostatic pressing, comprising: the pressure intensity of the cold isostatic pressing treatment is 80-350 MPa.
S6, sintering an AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle to obtain a blank;
the step carries out high-temperature sintering and diffusion solid solution on an AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle, and H is introduced 2 Under high-temperature sintering, cu and Ag are diffused and further subjected to solid solution to form an AgCu alloy structure, so that the aim of solid solution strengthening is fulfilled. In some specific embodiments, the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle is sintered, comprising: placing AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle into sintering furnace, charging H 2 Under the protection of gas, the sintering temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 4-60 h, and the gas flow is 0.3-1.5 m 3 And h, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging the mixture.
S7, carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the blank to obtain the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material.
In some specific embodiments, the green body is subjected to a hot extrusion process comprising: the heating temperature of hot extrusion is 600-850 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 30-450, the extrusion speed is 1-15 cm/min, and the alloy is extruded into wire or plate to obtain the rare earth modified silver-copper electrical contact material with the oxide reinforcing phase uniformly dispersed and distributed.
In some specific embodiments, after the hot extrusion process is performed on the blank, the method further includes: the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material is made into an electric contact with a required shape and size, and the electric contact is a metal oxide dispersion reinforced silver copper rare earth contact.
According to the preparation method of the rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material, oxide MeO is generated in AgCu alloy particles in situ through oxidation, compared with a powder mixing/grinding direct adding process, the process has a more uniform structure and less pollution, and the oxide particles are finer and more uniform, while the powder is mixed/ground. Meanwhile, the more fine and smooth the oxide powder and the more uniform the distribution, the better the final material performance. In addition, because the combined action of oxide dispersion distribution strengthening, metal solid solution strengthening and rare earth modification is realized by combining an oxidation-reduction process with high-temperature sintering diffusion solid solution treatment, the rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material has better wear resistance, better fusion welding resistance, more stable contact resistance and longer service life, and the stability of the contact prepared by adopting the process and the service life of the product are obviously improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, through the combination of metal solid solution strengthening, oxide dispersion distribution strengthening and rare earth modification, a small amount of oxides with high fusion welding resistance are generated in situ, so that the advantage complementation of the materials is fully realized, the electric contact material not only has good wear resistance and arc erosion resistance of the silver-copper rare earth solution, but also can increase the fusion welding resistance, thereby greatly improving the fusion welding resistance and prolonging the service life of the silver-copper oxide electric contact material.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple processing method, easiness in batch production, high yield and stable performance, and can greatly reduce the production cost of the product.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material in the embodiment, and the rare earth modified silver copper oxide electrical contact material has a microstructure that oxide MeO is uniformly dispersed and distributed in single silver copper alloy particles. The material realizes the in-situ generation of metal oxide and the uniform dispersion distribution of the metal oxide in single powder particles through an oxidation-reduction process, so that the uniform dispersion and high fusion welding resistance of the final electric contact material tissue are ensured, and meanwhile, the rare earth modification is favorable for further improving the wear resistance of the material. The electric contact material produced by the process has the advantages of excellent wear resistance, arc erosion resistance, good fusion welding resistance, stable contact resistance and longer service life of products.
Because the particle size range of the oxide MeO is mainly related to the fusion welding resistance, the particle size is too fine, the processing difficulty is higher, but the fusion welding resistance is better; the particle size is too coarse and the processing is easier, but the fusion welding resistance is poor. Thus, in some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the oxide MeO is 1-10 μm.
The following will explain in more detail the method for preparing the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material of the present invention using examples and comparative examples. The preparation methods in the following examples were carried out according to the process flow diagram shown in FIG. 1.
Example 1
S1, carrying out intermediate frequency smelting on 5 parts of Cu blocks, 1 part of Ce blocks and 1 part of metal Zn blocks under the protection of an argon atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 1000 ℃, the smelting time is 30min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment protective atmosphere.
And S2, after the smelting time is up, starting high-pressure water atomization for milling to prepare AgCuCe-Zn alloy powder, drying and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve.
S3, carrying out high-pressure oxidation treatment on the sieved alloy powder at 1Mpa for 40h and at 600 ℃ to obtain AgCuOCeO 2 -ZnO composite powder.
S4, passing the powder through a reactor H 2 Selective reduction with a gas flow of 3m 3 And/h, 40h. Because the active form of H is stronger than Cu and weaker than Ce and Zn, cuO is reduced into Cu and CeO after selective reduction 2 And ZnO is kept unchanged, and CeO is finally obtained 2 Rare earth modified AgCu-ZnO powder.
S5, reducing CeO 2 And (3) modifying the AgCu-ZnO powder by using rare earth, and carrying out isostatic pressing under the pressure of 150Mpa to obtain the AgCuCe-ZnO spindle.
S6, sintering the ingot at 800 ℃ for 60 hours, wherein H is introduced at high temperature 2 Sintering, after reduction, dissolving Cu into Ag matrix by diffusion and solid solution again to obtain ZnO particle dispersion strengthening, cu solid solution strengthening and CeO 2 Rare earth modified AgCu-ZnO spindle.
And S7, extruding the spindle into a wire material at the heating temperature of 700 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 450 and the extrusion speed of 1cm/min to obtain the wire material of the electric contact material.
The contact is processed by the electrical contact material wire, the ZnO particle size of the contact is 1-3um, znO is generated by in-situ oxidation and is uniformly dispersed in the AgCu alloy matrix, thereby realizing ZnO dispersion enhancement and CeO 2 Rare earth modification and Cu solid solution strengthening.
Example 2
S1, carrying out medium-frequency smelting on 1 part of Cu block, 0.5 part of La block and 2 parts of metal Mg block under the protection of argon atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 1200 ℃, the smelting time is 15min, and the smelting atmosphere is N 2 An environmentally protective atmosphere.
And S2, after the smelting time is up, carrying out high-pressure water atomization to prepare powder, preparing AgCuLa-Mg alloy powder, drying and sieving with a 600-mesh sieve.
S3, carrying out high-pressure oxidation treatment on the sieved alloy powder under the conditions of 0.3Mpa, 60h and 400 ℃ to obtain AgCuOLa 2 O 3 -MgO composite powder.
S4, then carrying out H-passing on the powder 2 Selective reduction with gas flow rate of 0.3m 3 The temperature is 500 ℃ and the time is 12h. Because the active form of H is stronger than Cu and weaker than Mg and La, cuO is reduced into Cu and La after selective reduction 2 O 3 And MgO are kept unchanged to finally obtain La 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-MgO powder.
S5, reducing La 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-MgO powder is subjected to isostatic pressing at 80Mpa to obtain La 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-MgO spindle.
S6, sintering the ingot at 750 ℃ for 4 hours, wherein H is introduced at high temperature 2 Sintering, after reduction, cu can be dissolved into Ag matrix again through diffusion and solid solution, and MgO particle dispersion strengthening, cu solid solution strengthening and La are obtained 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-MgO spindle.
And S7, extruding the spindle into a wire material, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion is 850 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 150, and the extrusion speed is 15cm/min, so as to obtain the electrical contact material wire material.
The contact is processed by the electrical contact material wire, the ZnO particle size of the contact is 5-10um, mgO is generated by in-situ oxidation and is uniformly dispersed in the AgCu alloy matrix, and MgO dispersion enhancement and La dispersion are realized 2 O 3 Rare earth modification and Cu solid solution strengthening.
Example 3
S1, carrying out medium-frequency smelting on 4.2 parts of Cu block, 0.1 part of Y block and 0.5 part of metal Li block under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 900 ℃, the smelting time is 60min, and the smelting atmosphere is N 2 An environmentally protective atmosphere.
And S2, after the smelting time is up, carrying out high-pressure water atomization to prepare powder, preparing AgCuY-Li alloy powder, drying and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve.
S3, carrying out high-pressure oxidation treatment on the sieved alloy powder under the conditions of 5Mpa and 1.5h at 800 ℃ to obtain AgCuOY 2 O 3 -Li 2 O composite powder.
S4, then carrying out H-passing on the powder 2 Selective reduction with gas flow 5m 3 The temperature is 800 ℃ and the time is 60 hours. Since the active form of H is stronger than Cu and weaker than Y and Li, cuO is reduced to Cu after selective reduction, while Y is reduced to Cu 2 O 3 And Li 2 O remains unchanged and Y is finally obtained 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-Li 2 And (3) O powder.
S5, reducing Y 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-Li 2 O powder is subjected to isostatic pressing at a pressure of 350MPa to obtain Y 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-Li 2 And (7) an O spindle.
S6, sintering the ingot at 950 ℃ for 18H, wherein H is introduced at high temperature 2 Sintering, after reduction, cu is dissolved into Ag matrix again through diffusion to obtain Li 2 O particle dispersion strengthening, cu solid solution strengthening, Y 2 O 3 Rare earth modified AgCu-ZnO spindle.
And S7, extruding the spindle into a plate, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion is 600 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 30, and the extrusion speed is 15cm/min, so as to obtain the electric contact material plate.
Machining the electric contact material plate into a contact point, wherein the contact point is Li 2 The particle size of O is 1-8um 2 O is generated by in-situ oxidation and is uniformly dispersed in the AgCu alloy matrix, so that Li is realized 2 O dispersion strengthened, Y 2 O 3 Rare earth modification and Cu solid solution strengthening.
Example 4
S1, carrying out intermediate frequency smelting on 3 parts of Cu blocks, 0.6 part of Ce blocks, 1 part of metal Zn and 0.5 part of Mg blocks under the protection of an argon atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 1050 ℃, the smelting time is 40min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment protective atmosphere.
And S2, after the smelting time is up, carrying out high-pressure water atomization to prepare powder, preparing AgCuCe-Zn-Mg alloy powder, drying and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the pressed metallographic structure of the AgCuCe-Zn-Mg alloy powder is shown in figure 2.
S3, carrying out high-pressure oxidation treatment on the sieved alloy powder at 2Mpa for 30h and at 700 ℃ to obtain AgCuOCeO 2 -ZnO-MgO composite powder.
S4, then carrying out H-passing on the powder 2 Selective reduction with gas flow 3m 3 And/h, 40h. Since the active form of H is stronger than Cu and weaker than Ce, zn and Mg, cuO is reduced to Cu and CeO after selective reduction 2 MgO and ZnO are kept unchanged, and CeO is finally obtained 2 Rare earth modified AgCu-ZnO-MgO powder.
S5, reducing the CeO 2 And (3) modifying the AgCu-ZnO-MgO powder by using the rare earth, and carrying out isostatic pressing under the pressure of 180Mpa to obtain the AgCuCe-ZnO spindle.
S6, sintering the ingot at 950 ℃ for 40H, wherein H is introduced at high temperature 2 Sintering, after reduction, cu is dissolved in Ag matrix again by diffusion to obtain MgO and ZnO particle dispersion strengthening, cu solution strengthening and CeO 2 A rare earth modified AgCu-ZnO-MgO spindle.
And S7, extruding the spindle into a plate, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion is 750 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 100, and the extrusion speed is 5cm/min, so as to obtain the electric contact material plate.
When the contact material plate is processed into a contact, as shown in a contact metallographic structure shown in fig. 3, comparing fig. 2 with fig. 3, the change situation of the material structure from an AgCuCe-Zn-Mg alloy state to a final state can be seen, the sizes of ZnO and MgO of the contact are 4-9um, the ZnO and MgO are generated by in-situ oxidation and are uniformly dispersed in an AgCu alloy matrix, so that the dispersion strengthening of ZnO and MgO and the dispersion strengthening of CeO are realized 2 Rare earth modification and Cu solid solution strengthening.
Comparative example
And (3) carrying out intermediate frequency smelting on 5 parts of Cu blocks and 1 part of Ce metal Zn blocks under the protection of an argon atmosphere, wherein the smelting temperature is 1000 ℃, the smelting time is 30min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment protective atmosphere.
And after the smelting time is up, carrying out high-pressure water atomization to prepare powder, preparing AgCuCe alloy powder, drying and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve.
And (3) carrying out isostatic pressing on the reduced Ce rare earth modified AgCu powder under the pressure of 150Mpa to obtain the AgCuCe spindle.
Sintering the ingot at 800 deg.C for 60H, and introducing H at high temperature 2 Sintering, and obtaining the Ce rare earth modified AgCuCe spindle.
And extruding the spindle into a wire material, wherein the heating temperature of the extrusion is 700 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 450, and the extrusion speed is 1cm/min, so as to obtain the electrical contact material wire material.
The contact is processed by the electric contact material wire, and the contact Ce is modified by rare earth and is dissolved and strengthened in an AgCu alloy matrix to obtain the AgCuCe contact.
The rare earth oxide modified AgCu-MeO electric contact material samples prepared in the examples 1 to 4 and the pure AgCu rare earth electric contact material prepared in the comparative example were subjected to the evaluation of the running electric life performance and the evaluation of the overall yield, and the detailed results are shown in Table 1.
Comparison of Table 1 shows that examples 1-4 have significant advantages over the comparative examples in terms of operating life performance, particularly the rare earth La in example 2 2 O 3 The performance of the modified AgCuO-MgO electric contact composite material is optimal; the overall yield is also greatly improved.
TABLE 1. Different contact points in model airplane motor converter service life and overall yield data
It can be seen from table 1 that the combination of metal solid solution strengthening, oxide dispersion distribution strengthening and rare earth modification is realized by the technologies of smelting, oxidation-selective reduction, high-temperature sintering solid solution and the like, the complementary advantages of the materials are fully realized by generating a small amount of oxides with high fusion welding resistance in situ, and the high-performance rare earth oxide modified AgCu-MeO electrical contact composite material with high yield and long service life is prepared.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electric contact material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting to obtain molten metal;
atomizing the molten metal to prepare powder to obtain AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder;
oxidizing the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder under high pressure to generate AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder in situ; wherein the oxygen pressure is 0.3-5 Mpa, the temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the time is 1.5-60 h;
reducing the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder to obtain AgCu rare earth-MeO powder; wherein, hydrogen is introduced to reduce CuO in the AgCuO-rare earth oxide-MeO powder, and the gas flow of the hydrogen is 0.3-5 m 3 H, the temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the reduction time is 12-60 h;
carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the AgCu rare earth-MeO powder to obtain an AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle;
sintering the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle to obtain a blank; wherein, the AgCu rare earth-MeO spindle is filled with H after being put into a sintering furnace 2 Under the protection of gas, the sintering temperature is 750-950 ℃, the time is 4-60 h, and the gas flow is 0.3-1.5 m 3 Cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging the mixture;
and carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the blank to obtain the weak-current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material.
2. The preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, wherein in the step of putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting, the parts by weight of the materials are as follows according to 100 parts by weight: 1 to 5 portions of copper, 0.1 to 1 portion of rare earth element, 0.5 to 2 portions of additive metal Me0.5, and the balance of silver.
3. The preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting comprises the following steps: the rare earth element is a rare earth element capable of modifying the silver-copper alloy, and the additive metal Me is any one or more of non-rare earth metals of which oxides cannot be reduced by hydrogen.
4. The preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of putting silver, copper, rare earth elements and additive metal Me into a smelting furnace according to a preset proportion for smelting comprises the following steps: the smelting temperature is 900-1200 ℃, the smelting time is 15-60 min, and the smelting atmosphere is a vacuum environment or a non-oxygen protective atmosphere.
5. The method for preparing the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, wherein the atomizing the molten metal into powder comprises the following steps: and carrying out high-pressure water atomization on the molten metal to prepare AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder, drying, and sieving by using a 100-600-mesh sieve to obtain the AgCu rare earth-Me alloy powder.
6. The method for preparing the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, wherein the hot extrusion treatment of the blank comprises: the heating temperature of hot extrusion is 600-850 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 30-450, the extrusion speed is 1-15 cm/min, and the wire material or the plate material is extruded.
7. A weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material is characterized by being obtained by the preparation method of the weak current rare earth modified silver copper-oxide electrical contact material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the rare earth modified silver copper oxide electrical contact material has a microstructure that oxide MeO is uniformly dispersed and distributed on a single silver copper alloy particle, and the particle size of the oxide MeO is 1-10 μm.
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