CN114538873A - 一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法 - Google Patents
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
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Abstract
一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,解决了现在污泥不能合理使用,蒸压建材没有环保吸附性能的问题。其包括如下步骤:步骤一,浓缩污泥调整改性,调整污泥的属性,调节酸碱度;步骤二,污泥炭化,将污泥进行炭化处理;步骤三:物料混合和制坯,将物料进行混合然后压制成坯;步骤四,蒸压激活,将坯进行蒸压,从而制成蒸压砖。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境保护和建筑材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法。
背景技术
我国约有1万多座污水处理厂,污水处理厂产生的污泥数量约占处理水量的0.3%~0.5%左右,每年产生污泥量巨大。我国现有污泥处置技术主要有焚烧(3%)、自然干化(6%)、堆肥(15%)、填埋(65%)等。卫生填埋为主要处置技术,污泥填埋场占据大量宝贵土地,且后期需要严格管理。污泥的资源化有利于我国发展循环经济,其中污泥在资源化制建材领域成为一个重要方向。
现代室内装修材料如油漆、胶、涂料、水泥等存在释放甲醛、VOC、氨气等问题,造成室内气体污染。相对烧结类建材制品。蒸压建材制品具有能耗低、不排放废气的优点,目前的蒸压建材往往只具有建材功能,制备兼具建材和环保吸附性能的蒸压建材制品具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,有效的解决了现在污泥不能合理使用,蒸压建材没有环保吸附性能的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法:包括如下步骤:步骤一,浓缩污泥调整改性,调整污泥的属性,调节酸碱度;
步骤二,污泥炭化,将污泥进行炭化处理;
步骤三:物料混合和制坯,将物料进行混合然后压制成坯;
步骤四,蒸压激活,将坯进行蒸压,从而制成蒸压砖。
优选的,步骤一中,首先在0-10摄氏度加入硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁一种或几种,加入量为污泥绝干重量0.5-3%,调节PH=2-3,鼓入空气流量0.05-0.5L/min,初步反应时间30-120min;
加入3-5倍初步反应的硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、铁粉一种或几种,加入氧化钙为绝干污泥量10-50%,调节PH7.0-8.0,升温至40-80摄氏度,搅拌转速50-200r/min,空气流量0.1-0.5L/min,调理时间30-120min,压滤。
优选的,步骤二中,污泥压滤滤饼有机质含量10-60%,将污泥压滤滤饼放入管式炉,升温至100-300摄氏度,升温速率1-10摄氏度/min,空气流量100-200L/min,反应时间1-4h;
继续升高温度至500-700摄氏度,氮气流量100-200L/min,反应时间1-4h。
优选的,步骤三中,建筑垃圾(细砂)细度1-3mm;
炭化后污泥、建筑垃圾(细砂)、脱硫石膏、激活剂按照40-70:50-70:0-10:1-10,在练泥机中进行混合,陈化48-72h;
陈化物料加入标准砖模具中压制成坯,成型压力10-25MPa,保持3-6min,室温干燥24-48h,砖坯水分10-8%。
优选的,步骤四中,将坯放入蒸压釜,升温速率0.5-2摄氏度/min,保持180-220摄氏度,1.5-2.5MPa,蒸压时间18-48h,氮气保护。
优选的,步骤三中的激活剂为氯化铜、氯化锌、氢氧化钾、纯碱、高锰酸钾、铁粉的一种或几种。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下益处:1)污泥调理过程中,除了CaO的骨架作用,同时生成的FeOOH、三氧化二铁、四氧化三铁各种铁氧化物晶体,随着矾花变大,减小过滤阻力,有利于污泥过滤,且能去除水中的COD;2)蒸压过程中进一步激活污泥炭,形成多孔炭、Fe-C、各类铁氧化物体系,具有气体吸附、砷、铬吸附性能;3)不使用硅藻土等具有吸附性不可再生资源以及水泥等粘结剂,资源化处置市政污泥、一部分建筑垃圾、脱硫石膏等,制备合格蒸压砖制品。
附图说明
图1为本发明气体吸附试验结构示意图;
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中,还需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面将结合发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种市政污泥资源化制备具有建材和环保吸附性能蒸压砖的工艺方法,可作为合格建材并能应对室内气体污染,应对公共和环保设施低浓度和突发重金属污染,通过四个步骤实现:步骤一,浓缩污泥调理改性;步骤二,污泥炭化;步骤三,物料混合制坯;步骤四,蒸压激活。
步骤一,浓缩污泥调理改性,首先在0-10摄氏度加入硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁一种或几种,加入量为污泥绝干重量0.5-3%,调节pH=2-3,鼓入空气流量0.05-0.5L/min,初步反应时间30-120min;然后加入3-5倍初步反应的硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、铁粉一种或几种,加入氧化钙为绝干污泥量10-50%,调节pH=7.0-8.0,升温至40-80摄氏度,搅拌转速50-200r/min,空气流量0.1-0.5L/min,调理时间30-120min,压滤。
步骤二污泥炭化,污泥压滤滤饼有机质含量10-60%,将污泥压滤滤饼放入管式炉,升温至100-300摄氏度,升温速率1-10摄氏度/min,空气流量100-200L/min,反应时间1-4h;继续升高温度至500-700摄氏度,氮气流量100-200L/min,时间1-4h。
步骤三物料混合和制坯,建筑垃圾(细砂)细度1-3mm;炭化后污泥、建筑垃圾(细砂)、脱硫石膏、激活剂按照(40-70):(50-70):(0-10):(1-10),在炼泥机中进行混合,陈化48-72h;陈化物料加入标准砖模具(53mm×115mm×240mm)中压制成坯,成型压力10-25MPa,保持3-6min,室温干燥24-48h,砖坯水分10-18%。其中激活剂为氯化铜、氯化锌、氢氧化钾、纯碱、高锰酸钾、铁粉一种或几种。
步骤四蒸压激活,将坯放入蒸压釜,升温速率0.5-2摄氏度/min,保持180-220摄氏度,1.5-2.5MPa,时间18-48h,氮气保护。
取河南某污水处理厂浓缩池污泥,含水率97%,在10摄氏度加入硫酸亚铁,加入量为污泥绝干重量3%,调节pH=2-3,鼓入空气流量0.1L/min,初步反应时间30min;然后加入3倍初步反应的硫酸亚铁,加入氧化钙为绝干污泥量20%,调节pH=7.0-8.0,升温至60摄氏度,搅拌转速50r/min,空气流量0.15L/min,调理时间40min,压滤。调理后污泥比阻5.7×108s2/g,压滤滤饼含水率53-58%,有机质含量52%,
将污泥压滤滤饼放入管式炉,升温速率10摄氏度/min,升温至220摄氏度,空气流量100L/min,时间1h;继续升高温度至550摄氏度,氮气流量100L/min,时间2h。
炭化后污泥、建筑垃圾细砂(细度1-3mm)、激活剂(纯碱:高锰酸钾)按照40:50:(8:2),在炼泥机中进行混合,陈化48-72h,陈化物料加入模具(53mm×115mm×240mm)中压制成坯,成型压力15MPa,保持3min,室温干燥24h,砖坯水分13%。
蒸压釜,升温速率1.0摄氏度/min,保持200摄氏度,水蒸气压力2.0MPa,时间24h,氮气保护。制备蒸压砖性能如抗压强度、吸水率、抗冻性、密度均达到《蒸压粉煤灰砖(JC/T239-2014)》,如下表所示:
取蒸压砖粉末(-100目90%)放置于吸附柱中,在气体实验箱配制一定浓度甲醛气体,开启气泵循环,待吸附柱出口甲醛浓度稳定后,计算蒸压砖粉吸附容量为30.6mg/g。
河南灵宝市某黄金冶炼厂含氰废水,经酸化回收氰化物--石灰调节pH=8.0后,压滤机出水取500ml,放入蒸压砖粉末(-100目90%),调节pH=2-4,鼓入空气100ml/min,反应时间30min。处理前、后水中砷、铬含量如下表所示:
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法:其特征在于,包括如下步骤:步骤一,浓缩污泥调整改性,调整污泥的属性,调节酸碱度;
步骤二,污泥炭化,将污泥进行炭化处理;
步骤三:物料混合和制坯,将物料进行混合然后压制成坯;
步骤四,蒸压激活,将坯进行蒸压,从而制成蒸压砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,首先在0-10摄氏度加入硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁一种或几种,加入量为污泥绝干重量0.5-3%,调节PH=2-3,鼓入空气流量0.05-0.5L/min,初步反应时间30-120min;
加入3-5倍初步反应的硫酸亚铁、硝酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、铁粉一种或几种,加入氧化钙为绝干污泥量10-50%,调节PH7.0-8.0,升温至40-80摄氏度,搅拌转速50-200r/min,空气流量0.1-0.5L/min,调理时间30-120min,压滤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,污泥压滤滤饼有机质含量10-60%,将污泥压滤滤饼放入管式炉,升温至100-300摄氏度,升温速率1-10摄氏度/min,空气流量100-200L/min,反应时间1-4h;
继续升高温度至500-700摄氏度,氮气流量100-200L/min,时间1-4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,建筑垃圾(细砂)细度1-3mm;
炭化后污泥、建筑垃圾(细砂)、脱硫石膏、激活剂按照40-70:50-70:0-10:1-10,在练泥机中进行混合,陈化48-72h;
陈化物料加入标准砖模具中压制成坯,成型压力10-25MPa,保持3-6min,室温干燥24-48h,砖坯水分10-8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤四中,将坯放入蒸压釜,升温速率0.5-2摄氏度/min,保持180-220摄氏度,1.5-2.5MPa,时间18-48h,氮气保护。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种利用污泥制备蒸压砖的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤三种的激活剂为氯化铜、氯化锌、氢氧化钾、纯碱、高锰酸钾、铁粉的一种或几种。
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