CN114488513A - Full-vector-modulation single-optical-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method and device - Google Patents
Full-vector-modulation single-optical-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-vector-modulation single-optical-fiber high signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method and device. The exciting light generated by the laser passes through the spatial light modulator and the polarization modulation module to realize an optical field with randomly controllable phase, polarization and amplitude. After the optical fiber is incident, the full vector transmission matrix is obtained through reconstruction by the orthogonal polarization microscopic module. The transmission matrix is numerically processed to compensate for modal coupling, modal loss, and polarization dispersion in long-haul large-curvature multimode optical fibers. And the axial scanning with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by adding the propagation factor in the virtual frequency domain of the fiber exit end, and the method has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and large depth imaging, so that the method can be widely applied to the aspect of biomedicine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber microscopy, and particularly relates to a single-optical-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging method and device based on full-vector modulation.
Background
In recent years, with the development of science and technology. It is highly desirable to be able to directly study the mechanisms of biological processes in complex organisms. Such applications require high spatial and temporal resolution, enable imaging in three-dimensional space, and capture of critical depth-resolved tissue structures in the human body in real time. Multimode fiber optic endoscopes can provide high resolution three-dimensional imaging, and are of great interest both in research and in commerce.
However, in long fiber or large-curvature fiber transmission, there are various degrees of fiber curvature radius, defects, and the like. Mode coupling and mode dependent loss caused by modal dispersion and polarization mode dispersion are further enhanced, thereby greatly reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, especially for deep three-dimensional images. The application range of the optical fiber as a low-cost and high-space bandwidth product microscopic tool in the fields of biology, medicine and materials is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the field of the current optical fiber endoscope, the invention provides a single-optical-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging method and a single-optical-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device based on the full-vector modulation, which adopts the full-vector modulation on the basis of keeping the two-dimensional high-resolution imaging of the confocal endoscopic imaging of the optical fiber, so that the multimode optical fiber becomes an efficient programmable full-vector holographic device, and the arbitrary polarization state and the spatial frequency of an emergent field are converted into the required arbitrary polarization state and the required spatial frequency. Meanwhile, the depth is expanded, and the three-dimensional endoscopic microscopic observation with high signal-to-noise ratio is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a full-vector modulation single optical fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out full vector transmission matrix measurement on the optical fiber;
s2: processing the transmission matrix value to compensate mode coupling, mode loss and polarization dispersion in the long-distance large-curvature multimode optical fiber;
s3: and the axial scanning is realized by adding the propagation factor in the virtual frequency domain of the fiber exit end, and finally the three-dimensional image with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained through reconstruction.
Preferably, step S1 is to measure the phase, polarization, and amplitude correspondence between the fiber incident light and the outgoing light by wavefront modulation and holographic interferometry.
Preferably, step S2 is to reduce the influence of loss by implementing the redistribution of pattern energy through regularization and various optimization algorithms based on the matrix information. And decomposing the incident mode corresponding to the emergent mode into incident wavefronts with different polarizations.
Preferably, the step S3 is to construct the corresponding frequency distribution by using the complete property value of the full vector transmission matrix to realize the frequency domain reconstruction.
The invention also provides a single-optical-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging device adopting full-vector modulation, which comprises a laser, a spatial light modulator, a polarization modulation module, a multimode optical fiber, a polarization microscopic module and a server which are sequentially arranged along the direction of an optical path, wherein a calibration module is arranged between the laser and the spatial light modulator, the laser is connected with the calibration module through a first optical fiber, a beam splitter and an objective lens are arranged between the polarization modulation module and the multimode optical fiber, a collection module is arranged in the other direction of the beam splitter, the laser is connected with the polarization modulation module through a second optical fiber, and the collection module is electrically connected with the server.
Preferably, the calibration module comprises a collimating mirror and a first quarter-wave plate, the collimating mirror is connected with the first optical fiber, and the first quarter-wave plate is connected with the spatial light modulator.
Preferably, a beam-shrinking module is further disposed between the spatial light modulator and the polarization modulation module, and the beam-shrinking module includes a first lens and a second lens, and the first lens and the second lens shrink the beam from the spatial light modulator and transmit the beam to the polarization modulation module.
Preferably, the polarization modulation module includes a polarization beam splitter, a second quarter wave plate and a first mirror are arranged in the S light direction of the polarization beam splitter, and a third quarter wave plate and a second mirror are arranged in the P light direction of the polarization beam splitter.
Preferably, the polarization microscope module comprises a sample and a polarization microscope, the polarization microscope is connected with the second optical fiber and the server, the collection module comprises a third lens and a photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the server.
Preferably, the multimode optical fiber comprises a step-index optical fiber, a graded-index optical fiber, an arbitrary-index-distribution optical fiber; the spatial light modulator is used for realizing phase and amplitude control of incident light and comprises a digital micro-mirror sub-array, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a deformable mirror; the polarization modulation module realizes the polarization regulation and control of pixel level by overlapping two orthogonal polarization holograms and changing relative phase distribution.
According to the full-vector-modulation remote single-optical-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method and device, after the complex amplitude of exciting light generated by a laser is modulated by a spatial light modulator, the exciting light can be coupled into an optical fiber in any polarization state through a polarization modulation module. Focusing the light spot at the emergent end of the optical fiber on a camera through an imaging system consisting of an objective lens and a lens, interfering the light spot with reference light, changing the complex amplitude and polarization of incident light, extracting the complex amplitude of the interference light spot collected by the camera in a holographic mode, and rotating the polarization before the light spot enters the camera through a polarization rotation regulator. And establishing a linear corresponding relation between the incident/emergent light complex amplitude and the polarization, and finally calculating to obtain a full vector transmission matrix. And reversely calculating incident polarization and complex amplitude distribution according to the phase and polarization distribution corresponding to the emergent scanning point, and decomposing the incident polarization and complex amplitude distribution into two polarization holograms of the space light. Imaging at different depths in the sample can be realized by adding propagation factors to the virtual frequency plane of the fiber exit end.
The invention adopts the full vector modulation and the full vector transmission matrix to compensate the mode coupling, the mode loss and the polarization dispersion in the long-distance large-curvature multimode optical fiber. And the axial scanning with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by adding a propagation factor on a virtual frequency surface of the fiber exit end. And finally, the three-dimensional scanning imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio can be realized under the condition of no mechanical movement, and the application range of the optical fiber endoscope microscopy technology is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the modulation of the polarization module of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of arbitrary polarization and phase modulation at the exit end of an optical fiber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of high SNR three-dimensional imaging of multimode fiber in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Firstly, on the basis of the principle of conventional complex amplitude modulation, in order to carry out full vector modulation on the axial direction of an emergent end of an optical fiber with high signal-to-noise ratio, a wavefront which is completely controllable in phase, amplitude and polarization needs to be generated at the incident end of the optical fiber. And then adding a propagation factor on a virtual frequency domain surface of the emergent end to perform axial modulation. The process is subdivided into a full vector transmission matrix measuring link for generating required light spots, and a scanning reconstruction imaging link for calculating the hologram required by axial modulation and the light spots on the sample, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) matrix measurement step: a pair of orthogonal complex amplitude wavefronts are generated and combined. The polarization distribution is adjusted at the pixel level by modifying the corresponding phase of the coincident light field. And changing the phase, amplitude and polarization to generate a group of measurement basis vectors, entering the optical fiber, and reconstructing a full vector transmission matrix through the complex amplitude and polarization of the emergent light spot.
(2) And a hologram calculation step: and adding a propagation factor into a virtual frequency surface of the optical fiber emergent end to obtain transmission matrixes at different axial positions. And returning the three-dimensional focusing light spots required to be output through a regularized transmission matrix to obtain corresponding incident complex amplitude and polarization, and calculating and decomposing the incident complex amplitude and the polarization to the holograms with two polarizations.
(3) And (3) an imaging link: the spatial light modulator is used for loading corresponding phase modulation and combining with the polarization module to realize full vector adjustment, synchronously collecting reflected light or fluorescence of the excitation light spot excitation sample, and reconstructing according to a preset scanning sequence to achieve the purpose of high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution three-dimensional imaging.
The specific equipment is shown in figure 1:
the laser comprises a laser 1, a first optical fiber 2, a second optical fiber 3, a collimating mirror 4, a first quarter wave plate 5, a spatial light modulator 6, a first lens 7, a second lens 8, a polarization beam splitter 9, a second quarter wave plate 10, a first reflector 11, a third quarter wave plate 12, a second reflector 13, a beam splitter 14, an objective lens 15, a multimode optical fiber 16, a polarization microscope 17, a server 19, a third lens 20 and a photoelectric detector 21 which are arranged along the direction of an optical path.
In this embodiment, in the matrix measurement section:
(1) first, incident light with an arbitrary wavefront needs to be generated, and the laser 1 emits object light and reference light. One path of object light is transmitted by the first optical fiber 2, collimated and expanded by the collimating mirror 4, adjusted into a circularly polarized light beam by the first quarter-wave plate 5 and then enters the spatial light modulator 6 to be subjected to phase and complex amplitude modulation, and the modulated light is reduced in beam diameter by the first lens 7 and the second lens 8 and is split by the polarization beam splitter 9. The S light is reflected back through the second quarter-wave plate 10 and the first reflector 11, and the P light is reflected through the third quarter-wave plate 12 and the second reflector 13 and is combined with the S light. The first mirror 11 and the second mirror 13 are used to adjust the angle, so as to ensure that the 1 st diffraction order of the S light coincides with the-1 st diffraction order of the P light (as shown in fig. 2), and the combined light is coupled to the multimode optical fiber 16 through the objective lens 15. The relative phase of the two superposed diffraction orders incident to the multimode optical fiber 16 can be adjusted to realize the random control of phase, amplitude and polarization.
(2) A set of orthogonally polarized, phase and amplitude measurement basis vectors is generated for incidence on the multimode optical fiber 16. The polarizing microscope 17 digitally records the emergent light spot with the reference light. The polarizing microscope is rotated to the orthogonal polarization direction and the process (2) is repeated.
Through the process, the corresponding relation is established between the incident basis vector and the complex amplitude corresponding to the emergent interference pattern, and a full vector transmission matrix is obtained:
in this embodiment, the hologram calculation step: to eliminate mode coupling and mode loss along the length of the fiber, the transmission matrix is regularized and then multiplied by a vector representing the superposition of the desired output modes and by a propagation factor H to obtain a corresponding dual polarization mode coefficient vector
The vector must be transmitted on the spatial light modulator to produce the desired output (as shown in figure 3).
In this embodiment, the imaging link is specifically as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the block shown in dashed black lines may be removed and a sample 18 may then be placed at the exit end of the multimode fiber 16. The emergent end face of the optical fiber realizes random access point scanning in three-dimensional space through the calculated hologram. The reflected light or stimulated fluorescence emitted by the scanned sample 18 is collected by the multimode optical fiber 16, passes through the objective lens 15 and the third lens 20, and is collected by the photodetector 21. The photodetector 21 converts the light intensity information into a voltage signal, transmits the voltage signal to the server 19, and reconstructs a three-dimensional image with a high signal-to-noise ratio through a preset scanning path (as shown in fig. 4).
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A full-vector modulation single-optical-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out full vector transmission matrix measurement on the optical fiber;
s2: processing the transmission matrix value to compensate mode coupling, mode loss and polarization dispersion in the long-distance large-curvature multimode optical fiber;
s3: and the axial scanning is realized by adding the propagation factor in the virtual frequency domain of the fiber exit end, and finally the three-dimensional image with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained through reconstruction.
2. The full-vector-modulation single-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S1 is to measure the corresponding transformation relationship between the phase, polarization and amplitude of the incident light and the emergent light of the optical fiber by using wavefront modulation and holographic interferometry.
3. The full-vector-modulation single-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step S2 is to implement redistribution of pattern energy through regularization and various optimization algorithms according to the matrix information, so as to reduce the influence of loss. And decomposing the incident mode corresponding to the emergent mode into incident wavefronts with different polarizations.
4. The full-vector-modulation single-fiber high-signal-to-noise-ratio three-dimensional imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S3 is to construct the corresponding frequency distribution by using the complete property value of the full vector transmission matrix to realize the frequency domain reconstruction.
5. A full vector modulation single optical fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device is characterized in that: the laser device comprises a laser device, a spatial light modulator, a polarization modulation module, a multimode optical fiber, a polarization microscopic module and a server which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path, wherein a calibration module is arranged between the laser device and the spatial light modulator, the laser device is connected with the calibration module through a first optical fiber, a beam splitter and an objective lens are arranged between the polarization modulation module and the multimode optical fiber, a collection module is arranged in the other direction of the beam splitter, the laser device is connected with the polarization modulation module through a second optical fiber, and the collection module is electrically connected with the server.
6. The full-vector modulated single-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the calibration module comprises a collimating mirror and a first quarter-wave plate, the collimating mirror is connected with the first optical fiber, and the first quarter-wave plate is connected with the spatial light modulator.
7. The full-vector modulated single-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and a beam shrinking module is also arranged between the spatial light modulator and the polarization modulation module and comprises a first lens and a second lens, and the first lens and the second lens shrink beams of light from the spatial light modulator and transmit the light to the polarization modulation module.
8. The full-vector modulated single-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the polarization modulation module comprises a polarization beam splitter, a second quarter wave plate and a first reflector are arranged in the S light direction of the polarization beam splitter, and a third quarter wave plate and a second reflector are arranged in the P light direction of the polarization beam splitter.
9. The full-vector modulated single-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the polarization microscope module comprises a sample and a polarization microscope, the polarization microscope is connected with the second optical fiber and the server, the collection module comprises a third lens and a photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the server.
10. The full-vector modulation single-fiber high signal-to-noise ratio three-dimensional imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the multimode optical fiber comprises a step-index optical fiber, a graded-index optical fiber and an optical fiber with any refractive index distribution; the spatial light modulator is used for realizing phase and amplitude control of incident light and comprises a digital micro-mirror sub-array, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a deformable mirror; the polarization modulation module realizes the polarization regulation and control of pixel level by overlapping two orthogonal polarization holograms and changing relative phase distribution.
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| CN115754845A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-07 | 之江实验室 | Atomic magnetometer spatial magnetic field imaging device and method based on vector light modulation |
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| US20110134519A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Spectral Applied Research Inc. | Imaging Distal End of Multimode Fiber |
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