CN114448261B - Dual input semi-active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant operation capability - Google Patents
Dual input semi-active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant operation capability Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention provides a dual-input semi-active bridge converter with port short-circuit fault tolerance operation capability, which comprises: an input side active full bridge AFB 1、AFB2 and an output side half active bridge SAFB; the AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are respectively connected with SAFB through a high-frequency transformer with a preset turn ratio; the AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are respectively connected with the SAFB through high-frequency transformers with preset turn ratios, and the secondary sides of the two transformers are connected in series. In the normal operation process of the invention, two input ends transmit power to an output end, and a certain power transmission capacity exists between the two input ends; after a single input end fails, the input end which does not fail can normally supply power to the output end; after the output end fails, the power transmission between the two input ends can still be ensured; the parameter selection basis is provided, so that the converter can maintain the output power unchanged before and after the bipolar system fails, meanwhile, the soft switching operation of all devices is realized, and the high-efficiency operation of the system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of low-voltage direct-current power distribution and the field of power electronic converter design and control, in particular to a double-input semi-active bridge converter with port short-circuit fault tolerance operation capability.
Background
With the development of power electronics technology and the increase of direct current source charges, the advantages of low power loss, large transmission capacity and the like of a low-voltage direct current distribution system are gradually revealed, and the low-voltage direct current distribution system has been widely focused. A typical architecture for a bipolar dc power distribution system is shown in fig. 1. To ensure reliable power supply to critical loads in the system, the interface converter may be a bipolar input converter. In normal operation, power can be supplied to the load through the bus between the positive and negative poles. When the system has positive pole ground short circuit fault or negative pole ground short circuit fault, the converter needs to have fault tolerant operation capability of the short circuit fault, if the non-fault bus can normally operate after the bipolar direct current system has single pole fault, the converter supplies power to the load through the neutral line and the non-fault bus, and isolates the fault bus.
Document 1:
Nielsen H R,AndersenM,ZhangZ,et al.Dual-input isolated full-bridge boost dc-dc converter based on the distributed transformers[J].IetPower Electronics,2012,5(7):1074-1083.
This document proposes an isolated dual input converter with power decoupling between its input ports. However, the number of the diodes on the topological output side is large, soft switching cannot be realized by each switching tube of the input port in the continuous conduction mode, and the problem of relatively obvious switching loss exists. Compared with the topology provided by the invention, the number of the output side semiconductor devices is only half of that of the document, zero-voltage turn-on of all the switching devices can be realized, and the converter loss is effectively reduced.
Document 2:
Zhao C,Round S D,Kolar J W.An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With Decoupled Power Flow Management[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2008,23(5):2443-2453.
this document proposes a fully isolated three-port converter topology, enabling power bi-directional flow between ports. Compared with the topology proposed by the invention, the topology proposed by the document has more complex power coupling condition among ports and higher control design difficulty. Meanwhile, as the secondary sides of the isolation transformers connected with the two input ports of the topology proposed by the invention are connected in series, when the design output voltage is higher, for the topology proposed by the document, if the same output voltage needs to be achieved, the turn ratio of the transformer is more different than that of the transformer in the topology proposed by the invention, so that the power reflux of the input port is larger in a single-port input mode, the current peak value is higher, and the device cost is increased.
Patent document CN113452070A (application number: CN 202110704072.4) discloses a current source type multi-port flexible grid-connected interface device, which comprises a current source AC-DC grid-connected converter, an energy storage inductor and an isolated DC-DC power module, wherein the alternating current end of the current source AC-DC grid-connected converter is used as an alternating current grid-connected port to be connected with a power grid, the direct current end of the current source AC-DC power converter is sequentially connected with the direct current end of a single-phase current source DC-AC converter to which the energy storage inductor and the isolated DC-DC power module belong in series to form an internal direct current loop, and the direct current end of the isolated DC-DC power module belongs to a single-phase voltage source AC-DC converter is used as a low-voltage direct current port to provide an energy interaction port of low-voltage direct current equipment, and a control method is provided based on the energy interaction port.
The existing full-isolation type or half-isolation type double-port input converter can be divided into two types of symmetrical type and asymmetrical type according to the similarity degree of two input ports. If the equivalent topological structures of the two input ports of the converter are completely consistent when the two input ports are independently operated, the converter can be called a symmetrical dual-port input converter, and conversely, the converter is an asymmetrical dual-port input converter. The bipolar input converter connected to the bipolar direct current system is preferably a symmetrical dual-port input converter. The existing typical symmetrical type double-port input topology comprises a three-level converter, a two-module input independent output serial-parallel converter, a three-port converter based on a three-winding transformer and the like. The three-level converter has the advantages of less switching devices and high multiplexing degree of components. However, such converters tend to be difficult to isolate when a short circuit fault occurs at one of the input ports. Meanwhile, under the condition that the turn ratio of the isolation transformer is certain, the upper limit of the transformation ratio from the output voltage to the input voltage is lower. The input independent output serial-parallel topology circuit has clear and definite structure and lower coupling degree between modules. However, the number of components is generally large, so that the overall efficiency of the converter is limited. Based on the three-port coupling architecture of the three-winding transformer, compared with a two-module combined architecture, the integration level is higher. However, the power exchange coupling degree between the ports is high, the power backflow is easy to occur, the efficiency of the converter is affected, and the design of the operation switch mode is complex.
In summary, the existing symmetrical dual-port input topologies have limitations on different levels when applied to reliable power supply of a key load of a bipolar direct current system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a double-input semi-active bridge converter with port short-circuit fault tolerance operation capability.
The dual-input semi-active bridge converter with port short-circuit fault tolerance operation capability provided by the invention comprises the following components: an input side active full bridge AFB 1、AFB2 and an output side half active full bridge SAFB;
The AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are respectively connected with SAFB through high-frequency transformers with preset turn ratios, the outputs of the two transformers are connected in series, the equivalent leakage inductance of each port is respectively L k1、Lk2、Lk3,AFB1, the direct current input voltage of the AFB 2 is respectively V pos and V neg, and the output voltage of the SAFB is V o;
The input side full-bridge AFB 1 comprises a switching tube S 11、S12、S13、S14,S11 and a drain electrode of S 12 which are connected together and connected to the positive electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 1; the S 11 source electrode is connected with the S 13 drain electrode; the S 12 source electrode is connected with the S 14 drain electrode; the source electrode of S 13 is connected with the source electrode of S 14 and is commonly connected to the negative electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 1;
the input side full-bridge AFB 2 comprises a switching tube S 21、S22、S23、S24,S21 and a drain electrode of S 22 which are connected together and connected to the positive electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 2; the S 21 source electrode is connected with the S 23 drain electrode; the S 22 source electrode is connected with the S 24 drain electrode; the source electrode of S 23 is connected with the source electrode of S 24 and is commonly connected to the negative electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 2;
The output side full bridge SAFB comprises a diode D 31、D32 and a switching tube S 33、S34,D31 which are connected with the cathode of the D 32 and are commonly connected to the anode of the SAFB direct current output end; the anode of the D 31 is connected with the drain electrode of the S 33; the anode of the D 32 is connected with the drain electrode of the S 34; the source electrode of S 33 is connected with the source electrode of S 34 and is commonly connected to the negative electrode of the SAFB direct-current output end.
Preferably, when the system is running, if all ports and all switches in the converter have no faults, a dual-port input mode is adopted;
After the fault occurs, switching from the dual-port input mode to the single-port input mode or switching from the dual-port input mode to the output end isolation mode according to the fault position; if a short circuit fault occurs at one input port of the converter, switching to a single-port input mode; if the output port of the converter has a short circuit fault, switching to an output end isolation mode;
and generating a corresponding switch driving instruction according to the determined mode switching basis.
Preferably, when the input port fails, the two lower half bridge arm switching tubes are kept on and the two upper half bridge arm switching tubes are kept off, or the two upper half bridge arms of the port are kept on and the two lower half bridge arm switching tubes are kept off; reconstructing the topology into a half-double active bridge, guaranteeing load power supply while isolating faults, and realizing fault-tolerant operation under the faults of an input port;
When the output port fails, the two lower half bridge arm switching tubes of the port are simultaneously conducted, the topology is reconstructed into a double active bridge, and the power flow between the two input ports is maintained while the failed output port is cut off.
Preferably, in the dual-port input mode, the arms of AFB 1 and AFB 2 are complementarily turned on, and are synchronously turned off for S 11、S14,S12、S13,S21、S24,S22、S23, at this time, AFB 1 advances to the phase shift angle θ of AFB 2,S34 relative to S 11, and the value range is [0, pi ]; phase shift angle between input portsIs the phase shift angle of S 21 with respect to S 11.
Preferably, in the half switching cycle of [ t 0,t4 ], the S 12、S13 is turned off at time t 0, the S 12、S13 parallel parasitic capacitance is charged in dead time, the S 11、S14 parallel parasitic capacitance is discharged to 0V, and the anti-parallel diode is turned on, so that the S 11、S14 realizes zero voltage on after time t 0, and the AFB 1 current freewheels through the S 11、S14 anti-parallel diode;
at time t 1, S 22、S23 is turned off, the S 22、S23 parallel parasitic capacitance is charged in dead time, the S 21、S24 parallel parasitic capacitance is discharged to 0V, and the anti-parallel diode is turned on, so that after time t 1, S 21、S24 realizes zero voltage on, input side current flows through the S 21、S24 anti-parallel diode, and the anti-parallel diode of the output side switch S 33 and the diode D 32 are always conducted;
At time t 2, the leakage inductance current rises to 0, the D 32 and S 34 anti-parallel diodes realize natural current conversion, and the current flows through the S 11、S14、S21、S24、S33 switching tube and the S 34 anti-parallel diode;
Until time t 3, S 33 is turned off, S 34 is turned on at zero voltage, and the rising or falling of the leakage inductance current is determined by the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage;
At time t 4, S 11、S14 turns off, entering the next half of the switching cycle.
Preferably, when the input port shifts phase angleWhen, the converter output power P od is expressed as:
Where η is the converter efficiency; t s is the switching period; θ d represents the phase shift angles of S 11 and S 34 in the dual port input mode.
Preferably, the equivalent input voltage V ind, the equivalent leakage inductance L k and the equivalent transformation ratio M d are respectively:
Vind＝n(Vpos+Vneg)……(2)
Lk＝n2(Lk1+Lk2)+Lk3……(3)
where n represents the secondary to primary turn ratio of the transformer.
Preferably, when the input port shifts phase angleAnd the hysteresis port still can realize zero voltage on, the converter output power P od2 is expressed as:
Wherein, k 0、k1、k2、k3 is respectively:
Preferably, in the single-port input mode, a dc bus connected to one of the input ports AFB 2 fails, and the operation states of AFB 1 and the dual-port input mode are the same, so that S 23 and S 24 are always turned on and S 21 and S 22 are always turned off, so that the input power of AFB 2 is reduced to 0, and the normal operation of the converter is ensured while the failure is isolated;
The phase shift angle of S 34 with respect to S 11 is defined as θ s, which ranges from [0, pi ], where the converter output power P os is expressed as:
Wherein, equivalent input voltage V ins, equivalent transformation ratio M s are:
Vins＝nVpos……(12)
Preferably, in the output isolation mode, if the load fails, the pair S 33 and S 34 are always turned on, and the converter is degenerated to be a dual active bridge converter consisting of AFB 1 and AFB 2, and the two input ports have a bi-directional power flow function, and the powers of AFB 1 to AFB 2 are expressed as:
Wherein, L ki is input equivalent leakage inductance, and the expression is:
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention has the capability of carrying out high-reliability power supply to the key load and the capability of mutually supporting the power supply power;
(2) After a short circuit fault occurs at a certain direct current power supply end, the invention can still ensure uninterrupted operation of an important load through fault reconstruction;
(3) In the normal operation process of the invention, two direct-current voltage access terminals have certain power transmission capacity; after the load side fails, the power transmission can still be ensured between the two direct-current voltage access terminals.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bipolar DC system;
FIG. 2 is a dual input half-dual active bridge converter;
FIG. 3 is a dual port input mode key waveform;
FIG. 4 is a single-port input mode key waveform;
FIG. 5 is an output isolated mode key waveform;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart for selecting equivalent leakage inductance parameters;
FIG. 7 is a simulation example closed loop control block diagram;
FIG. 8 is a waveform of output voltage of a dual/single port input switching simulation example;
FIG. 9 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 11 in dual-port input mode;
FIG. 10 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 34 in dual-port input mode;
FIG. 11 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 11 in single-port input mode;
FIG. 12 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 34 in single-port input mode;
FIG. 13 is a DC side average input power waveform of a dual port I/O port isolated mode switching simulation example AFB 1;
FIG. 14 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 11 in the output-side isolation mode;
FIG. 15 shows the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 21 in the output-side isolation mode.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Examples:
the technical scheme of the invention is a double-input semi-double active bridge converter, and provides a parameter selection basis for realizing fault-tolerant operation and soft switch operation when the converter is applied to bipolar direct current system load power supply, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Topology structure
The proposed dual input half-dual active bridge converter topology is shown in fig. 2. In the figure, the input-side full-bridge AFB 1 is configured by S 11、S12、S13、S14, the AFB 2 is configured by S 21、S22、S23、S24, and the output-side full-bridge SAFB is configured by D 31、D32、S33、S34. AFB 1 and AFB 2 are respectively controlled by a turn ratio of 1: the high-frequency transformer of n is connected with SAFB, the outputs of the two transformers are connected in series, the equivalent leakage inductance of each port is L p1、Lp2、Ls.Vpos and V neg respectively, the direct current input voltages of AFB 1 and AFB 2 are respectively, and the output voltage of V o is SAFB.
Basic principle of operation
The key waveforms of the soft switch operation of the proposed converter in the dual-port input mode, the single-port input mode and the output end isolation mode are shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5 respectively.
In the dual-port input mode, the bridge arms of the AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are complementarily conducted, namely S 11、S14,S12、S13,S21、S24,S22、S23 is synchronously switched on and off respectively. The AFB 1 may be set ahead of the AFB 2. At this time, the phase shift angle of S 34 with respect to S 11 is θ, and the range of values is [0, pi ]. The phase shift angle between the input ports, i.e. S 21 is retarded with respect to S 11
Taking [ t 0,t4 ] as an example of half a switching period, the topology operation principle of the converter is briefly described. At time t 0, S 12、S13 is turned off, the S 12、S13 parallel parasitic capacitance is charged in dead time, the S 11、S14 parallel parasitic capacitance is discharged to 0V, and the anti-parallel diode is turned on, so that after time t 0, S 11、S14 realizes zero voltage on, and the AFB 1 current flows through the S 11、S14 anti-parallel diode. At time t 1, S 22、S23 is turned off, the S 22、S23 parallel parasitic capacitance is charged in dead time, the S 21、S24 parallel parasitic capacitance is discharged to 0V, and the anti-parallel diode is turned on, so that after time t 1, S 21、S24 realizes zero voltage on, and input side current flows through the S 21、S24 anti-parallel diode. The anti-parallel diode and diode D 32 of the output side switch S 33 therebetween are always on. At time t 2, the leakage inductance current rises to 0, and the D 32 and S 34 anti-parallel diodes realize natural current conversion. Thereafter, the current flows through the switch tube S 11、S14、S21、S24、S33 and the anti-parallel diode S 34 until the time t 3, the switch is turned off S 33, the zero voltage of S 34 is turned on, and the rising or falling of the leakage inductance current is determined by the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage. At time t 4, S 11、S14 turns off, entering the next half of the switching cycle.
When the phase angle of the input port is shiftedWhen the converter output power P od can be expressed as:
wherein η is the converter efficiency, T s is the switching period, and the equivalent input voltage V ind, the equivalent leakage inductance L k, and the equivalent transformation ratio M d are respectively:
Vind＝n(Vpos+Vneg)……(2)
Lk＝n2(Lk1+Lk2)+Lk3……(3)
when the phase angle of the input port is shifted And the hysteresis port still enables zero voltage on, the converter output power P od2 can be expressed as:
Wherein, k 0、k1、k2、k3 is respectively:
M 2 is:
In the single port input mode, it is assumed that one of the input ports (which does not interfere with the AFB 2) is connected to a dc bus that fails. The operation states of the AFB 1 and the dual-port input mode are the same, the AFB 2 enables the S 23 and the S 24 to be always on and the S 22 to be always off, namely the input power of the AFB 2 is reduced to 0, so that the normal operation of the converter is ensured while the fault is isolated. The phase shift angle of S 34 with respect to S 11 is defined as θ s, and the range of values is [0, pi ]. At this time, the converter output power P os may be expressed as:
wherein the equivalent input voltage V ins and the equivalent transformation ratio M s are:
Vins＝nVpos……(12)
In the output end isolation mode, the load is assumed to be in fault, so that S 33 and S 34 are always conducted, at the moment, the converter is degenerated into a double-active-bridge converter formed by AFB 1 and AFB 2, and a power bidirectional flow function is provided between two input ports. Referring to the single phase shift modulated DAB power transmission expression, the power of AFB 1 to AFB 2 at this time can be expressed as:
wherein, L ki is input equivalent leakage inductance:
Parameter selection
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, for the half-double active bridge converter, if the leakage inductance current is greater than 0 at time t 0, the input side switch cannot realize zero voltage conduction; if the leakage inductance current is less than 0 at time t 2, the output side switch cannot realize zero voltage conduction. The phase shift angle of the output port is made to be 0 in consideration of the conservation of parameter design and the availability of an explicit expression. The half-double active bridge converter disclosed in the prior document enables the minimum value theta min of the phase shift angles of all device soft switches to be as follows:
Wherein:
However, if the leakage inductance current in the dead zone section [ t 0,t0+td ] changes from negative to positive, the anti-parallel diode of S 11、S14、S21、S24 turns off again and the anti-parallel diode of S 12、S13、S22、S23 turns on, so that the zero voltage turn on cannot be realized at time t 0+td, S 11、S14、S21、S24. Therefore, the equation (10) needs to be modified to ensure that the leakage inductance current is less than 0 at time t 0+td:
the minimum phase shift angle condition given by the formula (8) can be rewritten as:
θmin＝max(θmin1,θmin2_td)……(20)
On the other hand, by the equations (1) and (11), the phase shift angle θ max for maximizing the output power is solved by setting the partial derivative of the output power with respect to θ to 0:
observing (1) and (11), the output power is related to the switching frequency, the equivalent inductance, the equivalent input voltage, the equivalent voltage ratio, and the phase shift angle. Therefore, in order to ensure that the output power is unchanged before and after the switching from the dual-port input mode to the single-port input mode, the design of the equivalent inductance L k needs to be considered with great importance.
As can be seen from equations (1) and (11), the output power P o of the converter in both modes increases monotonically in the corresponding [ θ min,θmax ] interval with respect to the phase shift angle θ, so that the value of L k should satisfy the rated power of the Yu Bianhuan converter when the output power is lower than the rated power P n,θd＝θmax_d of the converter in the dual-port input mode when the output power is θ d＝θmin_d; the output power is lower than the rated power of the converter when the input mode of the single port is required to meet the requirement of theta s＝θmin_s, and the rated power of the Yu Bianhuan device is required to be higher when the input mode of the single port is required to meet the requirement of theta s＝θmax_s. The range of values for L k is determined by the following formula:
In the formulas (23), (24), x=d, s.
Based on the above analysis, FIG. 6 presents a flow chart for determining the range of values for L k. It should be noted that, limited by the soft switching range of the converter, not all rated power and input/output voltage combinations can find the corresponding L k.
Specifically, a Plecs simulation model is built up according to fig. 2. Rated power P n =1000W, input voltage V pos＝Vneg =36V, output load resistance R l =20Ω, rated output voltage V o * =141.4v, switching frequency 50kHz, dead time t d =200ns, transformer transformation ratio n=2, converter efficiency η=0.95, output side filter capacitance C o =100 μf. According to the above-mentioned selection criteria of the equivalent leakage inductance parameters, it can be calculated that the equivalent leakage inductance L k should be between 12.99 μh and 14.65 μh, so that L k1＝Lk2＝0.5μH,Lk3 =10 μh is set in a simulation manner, and L k =14 μh is set at this time.
Dual port input/single port input mode switching simulation. Taking phase shift angle between input portsThe control block diagram is shown in fig. 7 using output voltage single loop PI control. Let k p＝0.2,ki = 100. The 10ms pre-converter is simulated to operate in a dual port input mode, switching from the dual port input mode to the single port input mode at 10ms, after which the converter input power is provided entirely by the AFB 1. Fig. 8 shows the output voltage waveform from which it is known that the output voltage can still maintain the nominal value after the operation mode is switched from the dual-port input to the single-port input. The gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 11 in the dual-port input mode of fig. 9, the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 34 in the single-port input mode of fig. 10, the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 11 in the single-port input mode of fig. 11, and the gate-source voltage and the drain-source voltage of S 34 in the single-port input mode of fig. 12. As can be seen from fig. 9 to 12, the input-side and output-side half-active bridge switching tubes can be turned on at zero voltage in both operation modes.
Dual port i/o port isolation mode switching simulation. The simulated 8ms pre-converter operates in a dual-port input mode, and is switched from the dual-port input mode to an output end isolation mode at 8 ms. Setting phase shift angle of input port in output end isolation modeThe AFB 1 dc side average power is shown in fig. 13. It can be seen that the average input power of the AFB 1 in the dual-port input mode is about 500W, and the power in the output-side isolation mode is about 200W, which substantially corresponds to the theoretical value of the transmission power. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 14 and 15, the switching tube can also realize zero-voltage turn-on in the output end isolation mode.
The parameter selection basis provided by the invention can ensure that the output power of the converter can be kept unchanged before and after the fault of the bipolar system, meanwhile, the soft switching operation of all devices is realized, and the overall operation efficiency is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules provided herein may be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules are implemented as logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc., in addition to the systems, apparatus, and their respective modules being implemented as pure computer readable program code. Therefore, the system, the apparatus, and the respective modules thereof provided by the present invention may be regarded as one hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; modules for implementing various functions may also be regarded as being either software programs for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the application. The embodiments of the application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (4)
1. A dual input half active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant operation capability, comprising: an input side full bridge AFB 1、AFB2 and an output side full bridge SAFB;
The AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are respectively connected with SAFB through a high-frequency transformer with a preset turn ratio;
The AFB 1 and the AFB 2 are respectively connected with SAFB through high-frequency transformers with preset turn ratios, the outputs of the two transformers are connected in series, the equivalent leakage inductance of each port is respectively L k1、Lk2、Lk3,AFB1, the direct current input voltage of the AFB 2 is respectively V pos and V neg, and the output voltage of the SAFB is V o;
The input side active full-bridge AFB 1 comprises a switching tube S 11、S12、S13、S14,S11 drain electrode and an S 12 drain electrode which are connected together and connected to the anode of the direct current input end of the AFB 1; the S 11 source electrode is connected with the S 13 drain electrode; the S 12 source electrode is connected with the S 14 drain electrode; the source electrode of S 13 is connected with the source electrode of S 14 and is commonly connected to the negative electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 1;
The input side active full-bridge AFB 2 comprises a switching tube S 21、S22、S23、S24,S21 drain electrode and an S 22 drain electrode which are connected together and connected to the anode of the direct current input end of the AFB 2; the S 21 source electrode is connected with the S 23 drain electrode; the S 22 source electrode is connected with the S 24 drain electrode; the source electrode of S 23 is connected with the source electrode of S 24 and is commonly connected to the negative electrode of the direct current input end of the AFB 2;
The output side semi-active full bridge SAFB comprises a diode D 31、D32, a cathode of a switching tube S 33、S34,D31 and a cathode of the D 32, and the diode D 31、D32 and the cathode of the switching tube S 33、S34,D31 are connected together and connected to an anode of a SAFB direct current output end; the anode of the D 31 is connected with the drain electrode of the S 33; the anode of the D 32 is connected with the drain electrode of the S 34; the source electrode of S 33 is connected with the source electrode of S 34 and is commonly connected to the cathode of the SAFB direct-current output end;
When the system is running, if all ports and all switches in the converter are not in failure, adopting a dual-port input mode;
After the fault occurs, switching from the dual-port input mode to the single-port input mode or switching from the dual-port input mode to the output end isolation mode according to the fault position; if a short circuit fault occurs at one input port of the converter, switching to a single-port input mode; if the output port of the converter has a short circuit fault, switching to an output end isolation mode;
and generating a corresponding switch driving instruction according to the determined mode switching basis.
2. The dual input half active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant capability of claim 1, wherein in case of an input port fault, two lower half bridge arm switching tubes are kept on and two upper half bridge arm switching tubes are kept off, or two upper half bridge arms of the port are kept on and two lower half bridge arm switching tubes are kept off; reconstructing the topology into a half-double active bridge, guaranteeing load power supply while isolating faults, and realizing fault-tolerant operation under the faults of an input port;
When the output port fails, the two lower half bridge arm switching tubes of the port are simultaneously conducted, the topology is reconstructed into a double active bridge, and the power flow between the two input ports is maintained while the failed output port is cut off.
3. The dual input half active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant capability of claim 1, wherein in dual port input mode, AFB 1 and each leg of AFB 2 are complementarily turned on and turned off synchronously for S 11、S14,S12、S13,S21、S24,S22、S23, respectively, when AFB 1 is advanced by θ relative to phase shift angle of S 11 of AFB 2,S34, its value range is [0, pi ]; phase shift angle between input portsA phase shift angle that lags S 21 with respect to S 11;
In the half switching period of [ t 0,t4 ], S 12、S13 is turned off at time t 0, S 12、S13 parallel parasitic capacitance is charged in dead time, S 11、S14 parallel parasitic capacitance is discharged to 0V, S 11、S14 anti-parallel diode is turned on, so that S 11、S14 realizes zero voltage on after time t 0, and AFB 1 current flows through S 11、S14 anti-parallel diode;
s 22、S23 is turned off at time t 1, the parallel parasitic capacitance of S 22、S23 is charged in dead time, the parallel parasitic capacitance of S 21、S24 is discharged to 0V, and the anti-parallel diode of S 11、S14 is turned on, so that S 21、S24 realizes zero voltage turn-on after time t 1, input side current flows through the anti-parallel diode of S 21、S24, and the anti-parallel diode of the output side switch S 33 and the diode D 32 are always conducted;
At time t 2, the leakage inductance current rises to 0, the D 32 and S 34 anti-parallel diodes realize natural current conversion, and the current flows through the S 11、S14、S21、S24、S33 switching tube and the S 34 anti-parallel diode;
Until time t 3, S 33 is turned off, S 34 is turned on at zero voltage, and the rising or falling of the leakage inductance current is determined by the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage;
At time t 4, S 11、S14 turns off, entering the next half of the switching cycle.
4. The dual input semi-active bridge converter with port short circuit fault tolerant operation capability of claim 1, wherein in dual port input mode, when the input port is phase shifted by an angleWhen, the converter output power P od is expressed as:
Where η is the converter efficiency; t s is the switching period; θ d represents the phase shift angle of S 11 and S 34 in the dual port input mode;
The equivalent input voltage V ind, the equivalent leakage inductance L k and the equivalent transformation ratio M d are respectively as follows:
Vind＝n(Vpos+Vneg)……(2)
Lk＝n2(Lk1+Lk2)+Lk3……(3)
Wherein n represents the turn ratio of the secondary side to the primary side of the transformer;
when the phase angle of the input port is shifted And the hysteresis port still can realize zero voltage on, the converter output power P od2 is expressed as:
Wherein, k 0、k1、k2、k3 is respectively:
In the single-port input mode, a direct current bus connected with one of the input ports AFB 2 fails, the operation state of the AFB 1 is the same as that in the double-port input mode, S 23 and S 24 are always conducted, S 21 and S 22 are always turned off, and the input power of the AFB 2 is reduced to 0, so that the normal operation of the converter is ensured while the failure is isolated;
The phase shift angle of S 34 with respect to S 11 is defined as θ s, which ranges from [0, pi ], where the converter output power P os is expressed as:
Wherein, equivalent input voltage V ins, equivalent transformation ratio M s are:
Vins＝nVpos……(12)
In the output end isolation mode, if the load fails, the converters are always turned on in S 33 and S 34, the converter is degenerated into a dual-active bridge converter composed of AFB 1 and AFB 2, a power bidirectional flow function is provided between the two input ports, and the power from AFB 1 to AFB 2 is expressed as:
Wherein, L ki is input equivalent leakage inductance, and the expression is:
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