CN114431259A - Plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant essential oil insect repellant for edible fungi, which is composed of 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20-35 parts of lemon oil, 8-15 parts of lemongrass oil, 13-20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of radix stemonae and 10-20 parts of an emulsifier. The preparation method comprises preparing the tobacco leaf and the stemona root into distillate liquid medicine, adding the peppermint oil, the navel orange oil, the lemon oil and the lemongrass oil into the emulsifier, sealing and stirring, then adding the radix scutellariae extract, putting the mixture into a distiller with the pressure of 90-150MPa and the temperature of 100-120 ℃, finally putting the liquid into a homogenizer, stirring for half an hour at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product. The insect repellent has high killing rate, stable pesticide effect and longer time effect, can effectively reduce the rotten stick rate and improve the yield and the quality of edible fungi by applying the insect repellent.

Description

A kind of plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fungicides and insect repellents, in particular to a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Edible mushrooms are favored by consumers because of their delicious taste and rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals and amino acids. As people's demand for edible fungi increases, the scale of edible fungi cultivation continues to increase, and the industrial scale is also expanding. Due to the expansion of production scale and planting technology, pests and diseases have become more and more rampant in the process of planting, which has become a serious problem limiting the yield and quality of edible fungi.

According to statistics, there are more than 90 common pests and more than 30 kinds of mites in the process of edible mushroom cultivation. The annual production of edible fungi is reduced by 20%-30% due to insect pests, and even the production of edible fungi is completely lost in severe cases. Therefore, the effective control of edible fungi and insect pests is the key to improving the yield and quality of edible fungi.

The most common pests in the cultivation of edible fungi are mosquitoes and flies, because of their strong reproductive ability, and both larvae and adults can cause damage to edible fungi. This type of pest mostly grows in damp and shady areas and feeds on damp and rotten food. Its living environment is highly compatible with the cultivation environment of edible fungi. It is one of the very common and difficult to remove pest species. Drosophila melanogaster is especially typical in the cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom and tea tree mushroom.

At present, in the process of planting edible fungi, farmers use a large amount of pesticides to control pests and diseases. Although this method achieves certain effects in a short period of time, long-term use or excessive use will cause pests to develop resistance to pesticides on the one hand. , the continued use of pesticides cannot achieve the effect of pest control. On the other hand, the extensive use of pesticides has caused serious pollution of edible fungi, posing a threat to the nutrition and food safety of edible fungi. How to carry out pollution-free prevention and control of edible fungus pests and diseases, and improve the yield and quality of edible fungi, reduce production costs, and improve the economic benefits of production, has become a major problem in limiting the scale of edible fungi industry.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, provide a kind of plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the technical solutions used are:

A plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi, the insect repellent is composed of the following components by weight: 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20-35 parts of lemon oil, citronella 8-15 parts of oil, 13-20 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of 100 parts and 10-20 parts of emulsifier.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the emulsifier is made of Tween-20 and/or octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

In the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the repellent is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts of peppermint oil, 18 parts of navel orange oil, 25 parts of lemon oil, 10 parts of citronella oil, 15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, tobacco leaves 5 parts, 8 parts hundred parts and 15 parts emulsifier.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the repellent is composed of the following components by weight: 16 parts of peppermint oil, 17 parts of navel orange oil, 30 parts of lemon oil, 12 parts of citronella oil, 18 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, tobacco leaves 6 parts, 7 parts hundred parts and 13 parts emulsifier.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi; comprising the following steps:

(1) respectively take by weighing each component according to the parts by weight of each raw material, for subsequent use;

(2) respectively pulverize the tobacco leaf and the hundred parts into 50-100 mesh particles; mix the pulverized tobacco and the smashed hundred parts, add water and soak for 15-20 minutes, and the amount of water added is the tobacco leaves and the hundred parts. 1-3 times of the total mass of the part, and then it is distilled, and the distillate is collected to obtain a medicinal liquid, which is for later use;

(3) after peppermint oil, navel orange oil, lemon oil and citronella oil are mixed, add emulsifier, seal heating and stirring for 25-40min, and temperature control 30-40 ℃;

(4) after the material of step (2) and step (3) are mixed with Scutellaria officinalis extract, placing in the still and injecting the steam with a pressure of 90-150MPa; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 100-120 ℃;

(5) Stir the liquid in step (4) in a homogenizer, keep stirring at 60-70° C. for half an hour, and cool down to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the stirring speed of the homogenizer is 20-50 m/s.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned repellent in the medicine for preventing and treating Drosophila melanogaster of Xiuzhen mushroom and Lentinus edodes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned insect repellent in the medicine for preventing and controlling the pests and mites of tea tree mushroom and enoki mushroom.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned insect repellent in a medicine for preventing and treating diseases of edible fungi.

The inventors of the present application have found that lemon oil and citronella oil are added with Scutellaria baicalensis extract, which can stimulate the pheromone of Drosophila melanogaster, stimulate the brain system of Drosophila melanogaster to cause confusion, and change its response to photoperiod and temperature. The adaptability of humidity can induce its feeding and mating. Scutellaria baicalensis extract has inhibitory effect on miscellaneous bacteria, and has no effect on normal growing mycelium. The lemon oil, citronella oil and Scutellaria baicalensis are not easy to produce drug resistance to pests, and do not cause phytotoxicity to edible fungi.

Tobacco leaves and Baibu have the effect of killing insects and lice, and it has a good repelling effect on pests such as mosquitoes, noctuids, red spiders and nematodes in the cultivation of edible fungi. Plant essential oils, tobacco leaves, Baibu and Scutellariae extracts It can well inhibit the rotten rate of the fungus stick, and reduce the probability of the edible fungus mycelium shrinking and moldy.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Insect repellent of the present invention especially the components such as lemon oil, citronella oil, Scutellaria scutellariae extract have very good insect repellent effect on Xiuzhen mushroom, tea tree mushroom, and can play a role in the rotten stick caused by Drosophila melanogaster. The insect repellent can reduce the damage of Drosophila melanogaster to Xiuzhen mushroom and Camellia sinensis, reduce the planting cost, increase the yield, and has a good application prospect.

(2) The insect repellent of the present invention can effectively prevent and control the influence of insect pests and miscellaneous bacteria on the mycelium in the growth process of edible fungi, so as to effectively inhibit the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi; the insect repellent is not resistant to resistance, and there is no residual pollutant during use , harmless to people and the environment, can be used continuously, and meets the needs of food safety. However, in the existing fungicides, bacteria and insect pests develop resistance during the continuous application process, and the effect can only be achieved if they are used twice. Moreover, during the application process, the pesticide residues are serious, which endangers food safety.

(3) the insect repellent of the present invention not only has a high killing rate, but also has stable drug effect and a long aging effect, the raw material components are safe and non-toxic, there is no residue after application, and there is no pollution, and the production method of the insect repellent of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, The production cost is low and the use is convenient. The application of the repellent can effectively reduce the rate of rotten sticks and improve the yield and quality of edible fungi.

Detailed ways

The solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The following description is only for explaining the present invention, and does not limit its content.

Example 1

Peppermint oil 12kg, navel orange oil 15kg, lemon oil 20kg, citronella oil 8kg, Scutellaria baicalensis extract 13kg, tobacco leaf 3kg, 100 parts 6kg and Tween-20 10kg; its preparation method may further comprise the steps:

(1) respectively take by weighing each component according to the parts by weight of each raw material, for subsequent use;

(2) respectively pulverize the tobacco leaf and the hundred parts into particles of 50-100 mesh; mix the pulverized tobacco with the smashed hundred parts, add water and soak for 15 minutes, and the amount of water added is the quality of the tobacco leaves and the hundred parts. The total amount is 2 times, then it is distilled, and the distillate is collected to obtain medicinal liquid, which is for subsequent use;

(3) after peppermint oil, navel orange oil, lemon oil and citronella oil are mixed, Tween-20 is added, sealed and heated and stirred for 40min, and the temperature is controlled at 30°C;

(4) after the material of step (2) and step (3) are mixed with Scutellaria chinensis extract, place in the distiller and inject the steam with a pressure of 150MPa; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 100 ℃;

(5) stirring the liquid in step (4) in a homogenizer, stirring at 70° C. for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

Example 2

Peppermint oil 18kg, navel orange oil 20kg, lemon oil 35kg, citronella oil 15kg, Scutellaria baicalensis extract 20kg, tobacco leaf 8kg, 10kg 10kg and octylphenol ethoxylate 20kg; its preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) respectively take by weighing each component according to the parts by weight of each raw material, for subsequent use;

(2) respectively pulverize the tobacco leaf and the hundred parts into particles of 50-100 mesh; mix the pulverized tobacco with the smashed hundred parts, add water and soak for 20 minutes, and the amount of water added is the quality of the tobacco leaves and the hundred parts The total amount is 1 times, then it is distilled, and the distillate is collected to obtain medicinal liquid, which is for subsequent use;

(3) after peppermint oil, navel orange oil, lemon oil and citronella oil were mixed, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether was added, sealed and heated and stirred for 25min, and the temperature was controlled at 40°C;

(4) after the material of step (2) and step (3) are mixed with Scutellaria officinalis extract, place the steam with a pressure of 90MPa in the distiller; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 120°C;

(5) stirring the liquid in step (4) in a homogenizer, stirring at 60° C. for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

Example 3

Peppermint oil 15kg, navel orange oil 18kg, lemon oil 25kg, citronella oil 10kg, Scutellaria baicalensis extract 15kg, tobacco leaf 5kg, 100 parts 8kg and Tween-20 7kg, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether 8kg, its preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.

Example 4

Peppermint oil 16kg, navel orange oil 17kg, lemon oil 30kg, citronella oil 12kg, Scutellaria baicalensis extract 18kg, tobacco leaf 6kg, 100 parts 7kg and Tween-20 5kg, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether 8kg, its preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.

Applications

Experiment 1

The product prepared by Example 1-4 is taken 10g and mixed with water 2000g; Comparative example 1 adopts the anti-insect spirit purchased by Liqiang Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd. in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, takes 10g of anti-insect spirit, and mixes with water 2000g; Comparative example 2 adopts 2000g Water was sprayed; experiments were carried out on the Xiuzhen mushroom fields provided by Yunyi Edible Mushroom Cooperative and Longhui Edible Mushroom Cooperative. Cultivation formula of edible fungi: corncob 75%, cottonseed husk 10%, bran 10%, lime 5%. Use 22×50×0.03cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags to make rods, the ratio of material to water is 1:1.3, the ratio of material to water is 2.0kg of wet material per rod, the material height is 24cm, and the dry material weight of the rod is 0.87kg.

Xiuzhen Mushrooms were cultivated with clinker and sterilized by atmospheric pressure space bag. The test was inoculated on May 1, 2021, sprayed on May 16, and fruited on May 23. During the high temperature period of Xiuzhen Mushroom, keep the humidity of 60%-70%, and keep the fresh air in the greenhouse from beginning to end to prevent Alternaria contamination; after the mycelium is full, remove the collar and newspaper, and spray water to keep the humidity of the mushroom room. 85%-90%, harvest and weigh when the cap is 3-4cm, and remove the residual mushroom roots and dead mushroom buds on the material surface in time to prevent Drosophila melanogaster parasitism. Table 1 is the Drosophila melanogaster deworming result of insect repellent to Xiuzhen mushroom; Table 2 is the investigation result of insect repellent to Xiuzhen mushroom rotten stick number; Table 3 is the investigation result of insect repellent to Xiuzhen mushroom output.

The results in Table 1 show that the products of Examples 1-4 and commercially available insect repellents can achieve better insect repellent effects relative to the comparative example of only spraying water. Examples 1-4 of the present invention and commercially available insect repellants drive There was no difference in insect effects. In addition, the anthelmintic effect of the present invention is stable, and the aging effect is relatively long, and the anthelmintic agents of Examples 1-4 can effectively avoid Drosophila melanogaster.

Table 1 repellent effect on Drosophila melanogaster

Table 2 The results of the investigation on the number of rotten sticks of Xiuzhen mushroom show that: Examples 1-4 can effectively reduce the number of rotten sticks to Xiuzhen mushroom, and the rotten stick rate of Xiuzhen mushroom mushroom sticks is reduced compared with insect repellent and water.

Table 2 Investigation on the number of rotten sticks of Xiuzhen mushroom by insect repellent

The yield test of Xiuzhen Mushroom in Table 3 shows that: Examples 1-4 can all have higher yields, which are slightly higher than the yield of insecticide, and about 10% higher than that of pure water.

Table 3 The comparison of insect repellent on the yield of Xiuzhen mushroom

Experiment 2

From July 1st to 10th, 2021, in Shanyang Village, Jiashi Town, Yanhe County, Yangxi Village, Banchang Town, and the mushroom base of Chengyao Company in Bijiang District, Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were used respectively. 100 sticks of shiitake mushrooms were treated with chemicals (the same as in Experiment 1), and each treatment was marked with a yellow label for armyworms, and the numbers of mosquitoes, noctuids and red spiders were recorded. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 The effect of insect repellent on preventing the rotten stick of shiitake mushrooms

The investigation results of Lentinus edodes in Table 4 show that Examples 1-4 have a good repelling effect on Lentinus edodes flies, noctuids and red spiders. The rotten rate of mushrooms over the summer.

Experiment 3

The medicaments of Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 (the medicament treatment method is the same as that of Experiment 1) were sprayed on the tea tree mushroom and Flammulina velutipes respectively from March 2021 to October 2021, and were listed and marked, respectively. The number of armyworms, the number of rotten sticks and the average yield are tested. The armyworms collected by the treatment are the average number of armyworms in the 5 days before spraying. Average yield, other test methods are the same as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5:

The results in Table 5 show that the examples 1-4 have better insect repellent effects on the tea tree mushroom and Flammulina velutipes compared with the comparative insect repellent and water, and compared with the traditional insect repellent, the number of rotten sticks of the mycelium is reduced. , increasing the output.

Experiment 4

According to the national food safety standard GB2763-2019 maximum residue limit of pesticides in food, the mushrooms treated in Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in Experiment 1 were used to detect various pesticide residues by high performance liquid chromatography.

The detection method is as follows: Weigh 10.00g samples respectively and pulverize them evenly. Add the samples to a 50ml centrifuge tube and add 10mL acetonitrile. After vortexing for 3min, add 0.5g disodium citrate, 4g anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 1g citric acid respectively. Disodium hydrogen and 1 g of sodium chloride were added to the centrifuge tube, vortexed for 3 minutes, and centrifuged at 8000 r/min for 5 minutes, and 6 mL of the acetonitrile layer was drawn into a 15 mL centrifuge tube.

The purification method is: suck 1.5mL of the extract into a centrifuge tube, add 100mg of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 100mg of PSA (N-propylethylenediamine), vortex for 2min, and centrifuge at 8000r/min for 5min, the supernatant is over 0.22 μm filter.

Methanol, water and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases, the proportions were 55% methanol, 25% water, 20% acetonitrile, the flow rate was 0.3ml/min, the injection volume was 10uL, and the column temperature was 40°C.

According to the indicators specified in GB2763-2019 maximum residue limits of pesticides in food, the detection limit meets the national standard. If it exceeds the detection limit, it can be judged as "detected", and the result exceeding the maximum pesticide residue limit standard is judged as "exceeding the standard", and no judgment will be made if there is no specified limit. The test results are shown in Table 6:

The results in Table 6 show that the mushrooms treated in Examples 1-4 meet the national standards, and all the indicators of pesticide residues in Comparative Example 1 are beyond the standard value range. A small amount of pesticide residues in the mushrooms treated in Examples 1-4 remained because pesticides were used in the cultivation raw material components of edible fungi. The pesticide residue index of Comparative Example 2 directly sprayed with water is also close to the standard value, indicating that the cultivated fungus sticks originally had pesticide residues, resulting in a small amount of pesticide residues in Examples 1-4, and the amount of pesticide residues was much lower than the national standard, in line with food safety need.

To sum up, the insect repellents of Examples 1-4 can achieve the same repelling effect of commercially available insect repellants. Compared with the commercially available products, Examples 1-4 can reduce the amount of worms in Xiuzhen mushroom, shiitake mushroom, tea tree mushroom and Flammulina velutipes. The rotten rod rate of the strain can be improved, thereby increasing its output, and the edible fungi treated in Examples 1-4 can effectively reduce the content of pesticide residues and improve food safety.

The above is only a detailed description and description of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungus, is characterized in that, described insect repellent is made up of the composition of following parts by weight: 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20 parts of lemon oil -35 parts, 8-15 parts of citronella oil, 13-20 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of 100 parts and 10-20 parts of emulsifier. 2. The plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is made of Tween-20 and/or octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether. 3. the plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described insect repellent is made up of the composition of following parts by weight: 15 parts of peppermint oil, 18 parts of navel orange oil, 25 parts of lemon oil parts, 10 parts of citronella oil, 15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 5 parts of tobacco leaves, 8 parts of 100 parts and 15 parts of emulsifier. 4. the plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described insect repellent is made up of the composition of following parts by weight: 16 parts of peppermint oil, 17 parts of navel orange oil, 30 parts of lemon oil parts, 12 parts of citronella oil, 18 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 6 parts of tobacco leaves, 7 parts of 100 parts and 13 parts of emulsifier. 5. a preparation method of the plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) respectively take by weighing each component according to the parts by weight of each raw material, for subsequent use; (2) respectively pulverize the tobacco leaf and the hundred parts into 50-100 mesh particles; mix the pulverized tobacco and the smashed hundred parts, add water and soak for 15-20 minutes, and the amount of water added is the tobacco leaves and the hundred parts. 1-3 times of the total mass of the part, and then it is distilled, and the distillate is collected to obtain a medicinal liquid, which is for later use; (3) after peppermint oil, navel orange oil, lemon oil and citronella oil are mixed, add emulsifier, seal heating and stirring for 25-40min, and temperature control 30-40 ℃; (4) after the material of step (2) and step (3) are mixed with Scutellaria officinalis extract, placing in the still and injecting the steam with a pressure of 90-150MPa; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 100-120 ℃; (5) Stir the liquid in step (4) in a homogenizer, keep stirring at 60-70° C. for half an hour, and cool down to room temperature to obtain a finished product. 6. the preparation method of the plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the stirring speed of described homogenizer is 20-50m/s. 7. according to the application of the described insect repellent of any one of claim 1-4 in the medicine of preventing and treating Xiuzhen mushroom, Drosophila melanogaster of Lentinus edodes. 8. The application of the repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the medicine for preventing and controlling the pests of Camellia sinensis and Flammulina velutipes.