CN114431259A - Plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant essential oil insect repellant for edible fungi, which is composed of 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20-35 parts of lemon oil, 8-15 parts of lemongrass oil, 13-20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of radix stemonae and 10-20 parts of an emulsifier. The preparation method comprises preparing the tobacco leaf and the stemona root into distillate liquid medicine, adding the peppermint oil, the navel orange oil, the lemon oil and the lemongrass oil into the emulsifier, sealing and stirring, then adding the radix scutellariae extract, putting the mixture into a distiller with the pressure of 90-150MPa and the temperature of 100-120 ℃, finally putting the liquid into a homogenizer, stirring for half an hour at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product. The insect repellent has high killing rate, stable pesticide effect and longer time effect, can effectively reduce the rotten stick rate and improve the yield and the quality of edible fungi by applying the insect repellent.

Description

Plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bactericides and insect repellents, and particularly relates to a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The edible fungi are delicious in taste, rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins, dietary fibers, minerals, amino acids and the like, have high edible and medicinal values and are favored by consumers. With the increasing demand of people for edible fungi, the planting scale of the edible fungi is continuously increased, and the industrial scale is increasingly enlarged. Due to the expansion of production scale and planting technology, the pest and disease damage is more and more about in the planting process, which becomes a serious problem of limiting the yield and quality of edible fungi.

According to statistics, the number of common pests in the edible fungus planting process is ninety, the number of harmful mites is thirty, the yield reduction of the edible fungus caused by the pests reaches 20% -30% every year, and even the edible fungus is produced and harvested in serious cases. Therefore, effective prevention and control of the edible fungus insect pests are the key for improving the yield and quality of the edible fungi.

The most common pests in the planting process of the edible fungi are mosquitoes and flies, and because the reproductive capacity of the pests is strong, both larvae and adults can damage the edible fungi. The pests mostly grow in damp and shady and cool areas, and eat wet and rotten foods, the living environment of the pests is high in fitness with the planting environment of the edible fungi, the pests are one of very common and difficult-to-clear pest types, the larvae generally eat the hypha of the edible fungi, the worm-eating effect is caused on the edible fungi, the edible fungi are yellowed, withered, mildewed and dead, and the black belly fruit flies are particularly typical in the planting of the pleurotus geesteranus and the agrocybe cylindracea.

At present, in the process of planting edible fungi, a planting user uses a large amount of pesticides to kill insects, and the method achieves a certain effect in a short time, but if the method is used for a long time or is used excessively, on one hand, the insects can generate drug resistance, and the effect of controlling the insects cannot be achieved by continuously using the pesticides. On the other hand, the heavy use of pesticide causes serious pollution to the edible fungi, and threatens the nutrition and food safety of the edible fungi. How to carry out pollution-free prevention and control on plant diseases and insect pests of edible fungi, improve the yield and the quality of the edible fungi, reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit of production has become a great problem for limiting the industrial scale of the edible fungi.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi and a preparation method thereof.

In order to realize the technical purpose, the used technical scheme is as follows:

a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20-35 parts of lemon oil, 8-15 parts of lemongrass oil, 13-20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of radix stemonae and 10-20 parts of emulsifier.

In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the emulsifier is prepared from tween-20 and/or octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the insect repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of peppermint oil, 18 parts of navel orange oil, 25 parts of lemon oil, 10 parts of lemongrass oil, 15 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 5 parts of tobacco leaves, 8 parts of radix stemonae and 15 parts of emulsifier.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the insect repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of peppermint oil, 17 parts of navel orange oil, 30 parts of lemon oil, 12 parts of lemongrass oil, 18 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 6 parts of tobacco leaves, 7 parts of radix stemonae and 13 parts of emulsifier.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi; the method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the components according to the weight parts of the raw materials for later use;

(2) respectively crushing the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae into particles of 50-100 meshes; mixing the pulverized tobacco and the mashed radix Stemonae, adding water for soaking for 15-20 min, adding water in an amount 1-3 times of the total mass of tobacco leaf and radix Stemonae, distilling, and collecting distillate to obtain medicinal liquid;

(3) mixing oleum Menthae Dementholatum, navel orange oil, lemon oil and lemongrass oil, adding emulsifier, sealing, heating and stirring for 25-40min, and controlling temperature at 30-40 deg.C;

(4) mixing the materials in the step (2) and the step (3) with the radix scutellariae extract, and putting the mixture into a distiller to be injected with steam with the pressure of 90-150 MPa; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 100-120 ℃;

(5) and (4) stirring the liquid obtained in the step (4) in a homogenizer, keeping the temperature at 60-70 ℃, stirring for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the stirring speed of the homogenizer is 20-50 m/s.

The invention also aims to provide application of the insect repellent in medicaments for preventing and treating black drosophila melanogaster of pleurotus geesteranus and shiitake.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the insect repellent in the drugs for preventing and treating the pests and mites of agrocybe cylindracea and flammulina velutipes.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the insect repellent in medicaments for preventing and treating diseases of edible fungi.

The inventor finds that after the scutellaria baicalensis extract is added into the lemon oil and the lemongrass oil, the extract can stimulate pheromone of the drosophila melanogaster, stimulate the brain system of the drosophila melanogaster to generate disorder, change the adaptability of the drosophila melanogaster to the photoperiod, temperature and humidity, and achieve the effect of inducing the drosophila melanogaster to eat and mate. The Scutellariae radix extract has effect in inhibiting bacteria, and has no influence on normal growth of hypha. The lemon oil, lemongrass oil and radix Scutellariae are not easy to generate drug resistance to pests and do not generate phytotoxicity to edible fungi.

The tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae have the effects of killing insects and lice, have good repelling effect on pests such as mosquitoes, flies, noctuids, red spiders, nematodes and the like in the planting of the edible fungi, and the plant essential oil, the tobacco leaves, the radix stemonae and the radix scutellariae extract can well inhibit the rate of rotten sticks of fungus sticks and reduce the probability of atrophy and mildewing of fungus threads of the edible fungi.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the insect repellant disclosed by the invention has a good insect repelling effect on pleurotus geesteranus and agrocybe cylindracea, particularly on the components such as lemon oil, lemongrass oil and scutellaria baicalensis extracts, can play an obvious inhibiting effect on rotten sticks caused by drosophila melanogaster, can reduce the harm of the drosophila melanogaster to the pleurotus geesteranus and the agrocybe cylindracea, reduces the planting cost, improves the yield, and has a good application prospect.

(2) The insect repellant can effectively prevent and control the influence of insect pests and mixed fungi on hyphae in the growth process of the edible fungi, and effectively inhibit the occurrence of insect pests and diseases of the edible fungi; the insect repellant has the advantages of no drug resistance, no pollutant residue during use, no harm to human and environment, continuous use, and food safety requirement. In the continuous application process of the existing bactericide, bacteria and insect pests generate drug resistance, the effect can be achieved only by using the bactericide in a double mode, and in the application process, pesticide residues are serious and harm to food safety is caused.

(3) The insect repellant has high killing rate, stable pesticide effect, long time effect, safe and non-toxic material components, no residue after application, no public nuisance, simple production process, easy operation, low production cost and convenient use. The insect repellant can effectively reduce the rotten rate of the edible fungi and improve the yield and the quality of the edible fungi.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

12kg of peppermint oil, 15kg of navel orange oil, 20kg of lemon oil, 8kg of lemongrass oil, 13kg of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3kg of tobacco leaves, 6kg of radix stemonae and 2010 kg of tween-water; the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the components according to the weight parts of the raw materials for later use;

(2) respectively crushing the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae into particles of 50-100 meshes; mixing the crushed tobacco and the mashed radix stemonae, adding water for soaking for 15 minutes, adding water in an amount which is 2 times of the total mass of the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae, distilling, and collecting distillate to obtain liquid medicine for later use;

(3) mixing oleum Menthae Dementholatum, navel orange oil, lemon oil and lemongrass oil, adding tween-20, sealing, heating and stirring for 40min, and controlling temperature at 30 deg.C;

(4) mixing the materials in the step (2) and the step (3) with the radix scutellariae extract, and putting the mixture into a distiller to inject steam with the pressure of 150 MPa; controlling the temperature of the steam at 100 ℃;

(5) and (4) stirring the liquid obtained in the step (4) in a homogenizer, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

Example 2

18kg of peppermint oil, 20kg of navel orange oil, 35kg of lemon oil, 15kg of lemongrass oil, 20kg of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 8kg of tobacco leaves, 10kg of radix stemonae and 20kg of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the components according to the weight parts of the raw materials for later use;

(2) respectively crushing the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae into particles of 50-100 meshes; mixing the crushed tobacco and the mashed radix stemonae, adding water for soaking for 20 minutes, wherein the amount of the added water is 1 time of the total mass of the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae, distilling the mixture, and collecting distillate to obtain liquid medicine for later use;

(3) mixing oleum Menthae Dementholatum, navel orange oil, lemon oil and herba Cymbopogonis Citrari oil, adding polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, sealing, heating and stirring for 25min, and controlling temperature at 40 deg.C;

(4) mixing the materials in the step (2) and the step (3) with the radix scutellariae extract, and putting the mixture into a distiller to inject steam with the pressure of 90 MPa; controlling the temperature of the steam at 120 ℃;

(5) and (4) stirring the liquid obtained in the step (4) in a homogenizer, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

Example 3

15kg of peppermint oil, 18kg of navel orange oil, 25kg of lemon oil, 10kg of lemongrass oil, 15kg of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 5kg of tobacco leaves, 8kg of radix stemonae, 207 kg of tween-207 and 8kg of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 4

16kg of peppermint oil, 17kg of navel orange oil, 30kg of lemon oil, 12kg of lemongrass oil, 18kg of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 6kg of tobacco leaves, 7kg of radix stemonae, 205 kg of tween-205 and 8kg of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Examples of the applications

Experiment 1

Taking 10g of the product prepared in the examples 1-4 and adding 2000g of water; comparative example 1 an insecticide solution purchased from Nippon province, Neizhou city force Biotechnology development Limited company is adopted, 10g of the insecticide solution is taken, and 2000g of water is added; comparative example 2 was sprayed with 2000g of water; the tests were carried out on Pleurotus geesteranus provided by Yuanyi edible fungus Cooperation and Longhui edible fungus Cooperation, respectively. The cultivation formula of the edible fungi comprises the following steps: 75% of corncobs, 10% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of bran and 5% of lime. The rod is made of 22 x 50 x 0.03cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags, the material-water ratio is 1:1.3, the wet material is filled into each rod in the material-water ratio of 2.0kg, the material height is 24cm, and the dry material weight of the rod is 0.87 kg.

The pleurotus geesteranus clinker is cultivated, the sterilization is carried out in a space bag under normal pressure, the inoculation is carried out in 2021 year, 5 month and 1 day, the medicament is sprayed for 5 month and 16 days, and the fruiting is carried out continuously in 5 month and 23 days. The fungus growth management of the pleurotus geesteranus at the high temperature keeps 60-70% of humidity, fresh air circulation of the greenhouse is kept from the beginning to the end of the fungus growth stage, and neurospora contamination is prevented; removing the lantern ring newspaper after the hypha is full of the stick, spraying water to keep the humidity of the mushroom house to be 85% -90%, harvesting and weighing when the pileus is 3-4cm, and timely removing the residual mushroom roots and dead mushroom buds on the material surface to prevent the parasitism of the drosophila melanogaster. Table 1 shows the repelling of black drosophila melanogaster from pleurotus geesteranus by the repellent; table 2 shows the number of rotten sticks of pleurotus geesteranus investigated by the insect repellent; table 3 shows the results of the insect repellent on the yield of Pleurotus geesteranus.

The results in Table 1 show that the products of examples 1 to 4 and the commercially available propham showed superior insect-repellent effects compared to the comparative example in which only water was sprayed, and that the products of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention showed no difference from the commercially available propham in insect-repellent effects. The insect repellent provided by the invention has stable insect repellent effect and long time-effect, and the insect repellent provided by the embodiments 1-4 can effectively repel drosophila melanogaster.

TABLE 1 repellent effect of repellent on Drosophila melanogaster

Table 2. the number of rotten sticks of pleurotus geesteranus survey results show that: examples 1-4 can effectively reduce the number of rotten sticks of Pleurotus geesteranus, and reduce the rotten stick rate of Pleurotus geesteranus sticks compared with both insect repellents and water.

TABLE 2 examination of the rotten mushroom number of Pleurotus geesteranus by insect repellents

Table 3 pleurotus geesteranus yield tests show that: examples 1 to 4 all had higher yields, slightly higher than the yield of propham, and about 10% higher than the high yield of pure water.

TABLE 3 comparison of anthelmintic vs. Pleurotus geesteranus yield

Experiment 2

100 sticks of shiitake mushrooms were treated with the agents of examples 1 to 4, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (the agent treatment method is the same as that of experiment 1) respectively at shiitake village, shanyang village, yangxi village, and yaozhao corporation, riverside county, Yangxiang province, 2021, on 7 months and 1 to 10 days, and the number of mosquitoes, flies, night moths and red spiders stuck to the sticks was recorded after marking each treatment and hanging yellow-brand sticky worms. The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 insect repellent effect on mushroom rotten stick prevention

Table 4 investigation results of mushrooms show that examples 1-4 have a good repelling effect on mosquitoes, flies, noctuids and red spiders of mushrooms, and that the insect repellents of examples 1-4, in combination with greenhouse water spraying and other cooling measures in a high temperature period, reduce the rotten rate of mushrooms going over summer.

Experiment 3

The agents of examples 1-4, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 (the agent treatment method is the same as experiment 1) are respectively sprayed on agrocybe cylindracea and flammulina velutipes from 3 months to 10 months in 2021, the branding is respectively carried out, indexes such as the number of mythimna separata, the number of rotten sticks and the average yield are tested, the collected mythimna separata after treatment is the average number of mythimna separata 5 days before spraying, the number of sticks tested on agrocybe cylindracea and flammulina velutipes is 25 sticks, the average yield is the yield obtained on average per stick, and other test methods are the same as example 1. The results are shown in Table 5:

the results in table 5 show that examples 1 to 4 achieve better insect-repelling effect on agrocybe cylindracea and flammulina velutipes than the comparative protection pesticide and water, reduce the number of rotten sticks of hyphae and improve the yield compared with the traditional protection pesticide.

Experiment 4

The pleurotus geesteranus treated in the examples 1-4, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 in the experiment 1 is subjected to high performance liquid chromatography to detect various pesticide residues according to the maximum pesticide residue limit standard in food safety national standard GB 2763-2019.

The detection method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing 10.00g of sample and uniformly crushing, adding the sample into a 50mL centrifuge tube, then adding 10mL of acetonitrile, after 3min of vortexing, respectively adding 0.5g of disodium citrate, 4g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 1g of disodium hydrogen citrate and 1g of sodium chloride into the centrifuge tube, vortexing for 3min, and centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, and absorbing 6mL of acetonitrile layer into a 15mL centrifuge tube.

The purification method comprises the following steps: extract 1.5mL was aspirated into a centrifuge tube, 100mg of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 100mg of PSA (N-propylethylenediamine) was added, vortexed for 2min and centrifuged at 8000r/min for 5min, and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm filter.

Methanol, water and acetonitrile are used as mobile phases, the proportion of the mobile phases is 55 percent of methanol, 25 percent of water and 20 percent of acetonitrile, the flow rate is 0.3ml/min, the sample injection volume is 10uL, and the column temperature of a chromatographic column is 40 ℃.

According to the indexes specified by the maximum pesticide residue limit in the food GB2763-2019, the detection limit meets the national standard. If the pesticide residue is larger than the detection limit, the pesticide residue is judged to be detected, if the pesticide residue exceeds the maximum pesticide residue limit standard, the pesticide residue is judged to be overproof, and if the pesticide residue does not exceed the maximum pesticide residue limit standard, the pesticide residue is not judged to be overproof. The results are shown in Table 6:

the results in Table 6 show that the pleurotus geesteranus treated in examples 1 to 4 meet the national standard, and the indexes of the pesticide residue in comparative example 1 exceed the standard value range. The pleurotus geesteranus treated in examples 1-4 has a small amount of residual pesticide due to the use of pesticides in the cultivation raw material components of edible fungi. The pesticide residue index of the direct water spraying of the comparative example 2 is also close to the standard value, which shows that the original pesticide residue of the cultivated mushroom sticks results in a small amount of pesticide residue in the examples 1-4, and the pesticide residue is greatly lower than the national standard, thereby meeting the food safety requirement.

In conclusion, the insect repellents in examples 1 to 4 can achieve the same insect repellent effect as that of the commercially available Yingchongling, and compared with the commercially available products, the rod rot rate of the strains of Pleurotus geesteranus, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe aegerita and Flammulina velutipes in examples 1 to 4 can be reduced, so that the yield of the edible fungi can be improved, and the pesticide residue content of the edible fungi treated by the examples 1 to 4 can be effectively reduced, so that the food safety can be improved.

The foregoing is illustrative and description of embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, as numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of peppermint oil, 15-20 parts of navel orange oil, 20-35 parts of lemon oil, 8-15 parts of lemongrass oil, 13-20 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 3-8 parts of tobacco leaves, 6-10 parts of radix stemonae and 10-20 parts of emulsifier.

2. The plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is prepared from tween-20 and/or polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.

3. The plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, wherein the insect repellent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of peppermint oil, 18 parts of navel orange oil, 25 parts of lemon oil, 10 parts of lemongrass oil, 15 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 5 parts of tobacco leaves, 8 parts of radix stemonae and 15 parts of emulsifier.

4. The plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 1, wherein the insect repellent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of peppermint oil, 17 parts of navel orange oil, 30 parts of lemon oil, 12 parts of lemongrass oil, 18 parts of scutellaria baicalensis extract, 6 parts of tobacco leaves, 7 parts of radix stemonae and 13 parts of emulsifier.

5. A method for preparing a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(1) weighing the components according to the parts by weight of the raw materials for later use;

(2) respectively crushing the tobacco leaves and the radix stemonae into particles of 50-100 meshes; mixing the pulverized tobacco and the mashed radix Stemonae, adding water for soaking for 15-20 min, adding water in an amount 1-3 times of the total mass of tobacco leaf and radix Stemonae, distilling, and collecting distillate to obtain medicinal liquid;

(3) mixing oleum Menthae Dementholatum, navel orange oil, lemon oil and lemongrass oil, adding emulsifier, sealing, heating and stirring for 25-40min, and controlling temperature at 30-40 deg.C;

(4) mixing the materials in the step (2) and the step (3) with the radix scutellariae extract, and putting the mixture into a distiller to be injected with steam with the pressure of 90-150 MPa; the temperature of the steam is controlled at 100-120 ℃;

(5) and (4) stirring the liquid obtained in the step (4) in a homogenizer, keeping the temperature at 60-70 ℃, stirring for half an hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product.

6. The method of preparing a plant essential oil insect repellent for edible fungi according to claim 5, wherein the stirring speed of the homogenizer is 20 to 50 m/s.

7. The use of the insect repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a medicament for the prevention and control of drosophila melanogaster from pleurotus geesteranus and shiitake mushrooms.

8. Use of the insect repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a medicament for the prevention and control of pests of agrocybe cylindracea and flammulina velutipes.