CN114423521A - 在支撑体上掺杂锰的氧化催化剂组合物 - Google Patents
在支撑体上掺杂锰的氧化催化剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114423521A CN114423521A CN202080065429.2A CN202080065429A CN114423521A CN 114423521 A CN114423521 A CN 114423521A CN 202080065429 A CN202080065429 A CN 202080065429A CN 114423521 A CN114423521 A CN 114423521A
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- Prior art keywords
- support
- catalyst
- oxidation catalyst
- alumina
- manganese
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012696 Pd precursors Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 web Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可以通过在支撑体上掺杂锰而改善氧化活性的氧化催化剂组合物,尤其涉及一种可以通过利用在固态支撑体上掺杂锰或锰以及铈的化合物的改性支撑体替代传统的活性氧化铝支撑体而显著改善氧化活性的催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物可以通过涂布到载体上而适用于如柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)等的催化剂结构体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以通过在支撑体上掺杂锰而改善氧化活性的氧化催化剂组合物,尤其涉及一种可以通过利用在固态支撑体上掺杂锰或锰以及铈的化合物的改性支撑体替代传统的活性氧化铝支撑体而显著改善氧化活性的催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物可以通过涂布到载体上而适用于如柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)等的催化剂结构体。
背景技术
压缩点火式柴油发动机因为在低速状态下的固有的较高热效率而在作为车辆动力源使用时具有优势。但是,柴油发动机是在极度稀薄的燃料条件下即高空燃比(A/F)条件下工作,因此柴油发动机与汽油发动机相比释放出较少的HC以及CO,但同时会因为排放出相对较多的NOx以及颗粒状物质(PM)而诱发大气污染。
作为用于改善如上所述的问题的后处理技术方案,可以考虑使用i)用于对颗粒状物质(PM)中的高沸点碳氢化合物进行净化的氧化催化器(DOC)和ii)用于在氧气过剩的环境下对NOx进行分解或还原的脱硝催化器(DeNOx)以及iii)利用过滤器对颗粒状物质(PM)进行过滤的颗粒状物质去除用过滤器(DPF)。
柴油车辆在HC以及CO排放方面表面比较良好,但是为了满足日益严格的监管要求,需要安装可以去除HC和CO并去除高活性氮氧化物(NOx)的下游自然再生方式的过滤系统即氧化催化器(DOC)。在柴油发动机的排放气体通过柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)的过程中,在氧气过剩的环境下可以将CO以及HC氧化成CO2以及H2O,但是很难达成较高的NOx转换。NOx是为了对包含一氧化氮(NO)以及二氧化氮(NO2)在内的各种类型的氮氧化物进行说明而使用的术语。因为较高的NOx转换通常是将富还原剂作为必要条件,因此在如柴油发动机等稀薄燃烧发动机中很难有效地降低NOx的排放。为了将排放气体中的NOx成分转换成无害成分,通常在燃料稀薄条件下会使用NOx的选择性催化还原(SCR)方式,这包括有选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂,例如基于氧化钒-二氧化钛的催化剂或含有如Cu、Fe或其他贱金属等贱金属的沸石上的还原剂(例如尿素)存在的条件下的NOx反应。尤其是在低温范围(即,<250℃)内,因为当供应到选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂的气体中有适当比例的NO2/NOx存在的情况下可以实现性能的提升,因此需要在柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)中实现较高的NO2转换。
可以参阅现有的与柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)相关的多个先行资料。
在二氧化铈-氧化铝氧化催化剂及其使用方法(注册第361419号)中,公开了一种在具有一定表面积的二氧化铈以及氧化铝上,作为催化剂成分包含足以促进气相CO以及HC(碳氢化合物)氧化的足量的白金以及一定量的钯的氧化催化剂组合物。但是,现有的氧化催化剂会因为催化剂的失活因素即积碳(carbon deposit)以及硫毒性而造成比表面积的下降,从而在实际车辆中导致其活性伴随时间的流逝逐渐下降的问题。在柴油发动机用氧化催化剂组合物(注册第279938号)中,公开了一种包含由含浸有0.5~1.0重量%的铂化合物且形成有较大细孔的活性氧化铝以及金属化合物构成的催化剂成分的柴油发动机用氧化催化剂组合物。此外,伴随着柴油发动机排放监管要求变得日益严格,柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)中含有的铂含量也快速增加并因此导致成本的上升,而为了解决如上所述的问题,公开了一种可以将一部分铂替换成钯的方法以及催化剂(注册第681334号)。
发明内容
技术问题
在美国专利申请编号13/624,524中,提供一种作为钯支撑体物质含有二氧化铈的柴油机氧化催化剂,并提供HC以及CO性能优秀的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC),但是其NOx转换率仍然较低。因此,提供一种可以提升从柴油发动机排放出来的排放气体的NO2转换率的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)为宜。为了提升下游NOx去除性能尤其是为了提升下游选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂的性能,要求提升NO2的含量,因此提供一种可以进一步降低HC以及CO的起燃温度的柴油机氧化催化剂为宜。
技术方案
本发明涉及一种用于减少从包括柴油发动机在内的稀薄燃烧发动机排出的排放气体的氧化催化剂组合物,尤其是提供一种可以降低HC以及CO的起燃温度并提升NOx转换率的氧化催化剂组合物,为此,公开如下所述的实施形态。
在第一实施形态中,本发明作为包含担载有铂的固态支撑体的氧化催化剂组合物,涉及一种所述固态支撑体利用以支撑体总重量为基准的1重量%至5重量%的锰进行掺杂的组合物。
在第二实施形态中,涉及一种所述固态支撑体进一步利用20重量%以下的铈进行掺杂的氧化催化剂组合物。
在第三实施形态中,提供一种所述固态支撑体为非-沸石物质即氧化铝或活性氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆或二氧化钛-氧化铝的氧化催化剂组合物。
在第四实施形态中,提供一种在所述固态支撑体中未担载除铂之外的贵金属的氧化催化剂组合物。
在第五实施形态中,所述氧化催化剂组合物可以通过涂布到载体上而适用于柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)的催化剂结构体。
在第六实施形态中,所述柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)除了第一实施形态至第四实施形态的氧化催化剂组合物之外,还可以包含负载在催化剂结构体的贵金属中担载有20重量%以下(较佳地为10重量%以下)的贵金属(较佳地为钯)的支撑体。
具体实施方式
根据一个以上的实施形态,本发明的催化剂组合物可以为了提升HC以及CO氧化性能并促进位于柴油机氧化催化器下游的选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂中的低温选择性催化还原(SCR)反应而排放出更多量的NO2。
本发明人确认了通过在固态支撑体上掺杂锰,可以改善HC以及CO的氧化活性并提升NOx转换率,从而制造出可以提升下游选择性催化还原(SCR)反应的氧化催化剂组合物。进而,确认了通过在所述固态支撑体上掺杂锰以及20重量%以下的铈,可以进一步提升如上所述的特性。在适用本发明的一个以上的实施形态中,氧化催化剂组合物可以有效地减少稀薄燃烧发动机排放气体流中的碳氢化合物以及一氧化碳并将NO氧化成NO2。
接下来,将对现有的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂组合物进行记述,并介绍本发明的经过改良的支撑体。在本说明书中,催化剂组合物是指在支撑体中担载有特定成分的粉末形态或包含其他添加物的浆料形态的组合物,催化剂结构体是指催化剂组合物被涂布到如蜂窝状基质或过滤器等一般载体上的形态的结构体,也被称之为催化剂制品。众所周知,可以通过将如上所述的催化剂制品进行串联或并联组合而形成车辆后处理用催化剂系统。在本说明书中,催化剂可以根据上下文理解成催化剂组合物或催化剂结构体。
柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂组合物包含如铂和/或钯等贵金属成分,这些催化剂与如高表面积氧化铝等高表面积的耐火性氧化物支撑体一起适用。所述支撑体被涂布到如耐火性陶瓷或金属蜂窝状结构体等单片(monolithic)载体上。高表面积的耐火金属氧化物作为柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂成分的支撑体使用。例如,被称之为“γ氧化铝”或“活性化氧化铝”的的高表面积氧化铝物质的BET(Brunauer,Emmett and Teller)表面积通常为60平方米每克(m2/g)以上,如上所述的活性化氧化铝通常是氧化铝的γ或δ相(phase)混合物,但是也可以含有相当量的η、κ以及θ氧化铝相。通常担载2:1重量份左右的铂以及钯成分,而含有铂以及钯的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂组合物的制造方法属于本行业所公知的内容。
本发明的催化剂组合物的特征在于适用不含有钯而作为铂族只担载有铂的支撑体,而且固态支撑体为利用锰或锰以及铈进行掺杂的改性支撑体。
所述固态支撑体为非-沸石物质,可以是氧化铝或活性氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆或二氧化钛-氧化铝以及所述之混合物,较佳地为氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝。
所述氧化铝为γ氧化铝,具体可以是γ立方形氧化铝、γ准立方形氧化铝、伽马方形氧化铝、几乎无结晶或结晶程度较低的γ氧化铝、大表面积γ氧化铝、低表面积γ氧化铝、从巨大勃姆石产生的γ氧化铝、从结晶勃姆石产生的γ氧化铝、从几乎无结晶或结晶程度较低的勃姆石产生的γ氧化铝、从结晶勃姆石以及无定形凝胶的混合物产生的γ氧化铝、从无定形凝胶产生的γ氧化铝或δ转移的γ氧化铝。
本发明中的较佳的固态二氧化硅-氧化铝是二氧化硅单位质量含量为5至95重量%以下,较佳地为10至80重量%,更较佳地为20至60重量%,更更较佳地为30至50重量%的二氧化硅-氧化铝。
掺杂到所述固态支撑体中的Mn含量为以所掺杂的支撑体的重量为基准的1重量%(更低时会导致氧化活性下降)至20重量%以下(更高时会导致NOx转换率下降)的范围之内,较佳地为10%以下。所掺杂的锰衍生自从Mn醋酸盐、Mn硝酸盐、Mn硫酸盐或所述之组合选择的可溶性Mn物质。在另一实施形态中,Mn衍生自从MnO、Mn2O3、MnO2以及所述之组合选择的块状Mn氧化物。较佳地,作为衍生自可溶性Mn物质的Mn2O3,可以通过在将锰盐含浸到支撑体之后在500℃至700℃下进行预煅烧的方式以Mn2O3形态获取。如本行业从业人员所熟知,作为用于将锰盐含浸到多孔性支撑体中的工程,可以适用湿式含浸法,也可以通过其他公知的方法执行。
本发明人确认了在将锰以及铈一起掺杂到支撑体的情况下,可以更加有效地减少稀薄燃烧发动机排放气体流中的HC以及CO并将NO氧化成NO2。此时,铈可以衍生自可溶性Ce物质或适用块状形态的氧化铈。目前本行业普遍认为当支撑体中包含铈成分时将不利于NO2的形成,但是与如上所述的现有概念不同,可以确认当包含一定范围内的铈成分时反而有利于NO2的形成。掺杂到所述固态支撑体中的Ce含量为以支撑体的重量为基准的1重量%至20重量%(更高时会导致NOx转换率下降)的范围,较佳地为10重量%。锰和/或铈可以与支撑体一起以固溶体形态存在,也可以在支撑体的表面上分散成单独的粒子。
初步判断锰和/或铈可能是通过与担载于支撑体上的铂的相互作用(interaction)为氧化活性做出贡献,但是通过多种角度的不同试验可以确认,锰和/或铈与除了铂之外的铂族元素并无法呈现出提升作用,反而会导致活性减少的问题。因此,本发明的特征在于担载于所述改性支撑体中的贵金属元素仅为铂。所担载的铂成分的含量为以支撑体重量为基准的0.5重量%至5重量%,在所述下限值以下会导致氧化活性下降的问题,而在所述上限值以上会导致NOx转换率下降的问题。
适用本发明的担载有铂的改性支撑体物质即催化剂组合物为涂层(wash coat)组合物形态,在涂层组合物中还可以包含如结合剂以及稳定剂等其他添加剂。稳定剂可以选择从由镁、钡、钙以及锶构成的组中选择的碱土金属成分。涂层组合物被涂布到载体或基质(substrate),基质可以是如泡沫、网状或流体形态的基质。较佳地为金属性或耐火性陶瓷,是通过多个平行的排放气体流动通道延长的堇青石蜂窝状结构体。
适用本发明的催化剂组合物可以通过变更众所周知的方法进行制造。首先,对公知的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂组合物以及催化剂结构体的制造方法进行说明。将铂或钯前驱体即贵金属化合物溶液以及如γ氧化铝等细粉状的高表面积支撑体进行混合而制造出浆料。如上所述,在必要的情况下可以向浆料添加结合剂和/或稳定剂。接下来,利用球磨机或其他类似装置对浆料进行粉碎,从而在实质上将固态物质调整至颗粒大小不足20微米的状态,此时浆料的固态成分的含量为20重量%至80装量%,将所获得的浆料涂布到单片载体上。
<催化剂的制造>
接下来,将对适用本发明的包含掺杂锰以及铈的改性支撑体的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂的制造方法进行记述。
实施例1:掺杂锰的支撑体的制造
以相对于最终改性支撑体重量包含5重量%的锰氧化物的方式,将硝酸锰溶液通过湿式含浸法添加到固态支撑体即氧化铝粉末(含浸固态成分为67%),接下来通过干燥(150℃/2h)以及500℃以上的煅烧而制造出Mn-掺杂的改性支撑体。可以确认所掺杂的Mn氧化物的状态为Mn2O3。
实施例2:掺杂锰以及铈的支撑体的制造
以相对于最终改性支撑体重量包含5重量%的锰氧化物以及10重量%的二氧化铈的方式,将硝酸锰以及硝酸铈溶液通过湿式含浸法添加到固态支撑体即氧化铝粉末(含浸固态成分为67%),接下来通过干燥(150℃/2h)以及煅烧(700℃/1h~2h)而制造出Mn-Ce-掺杂的改性支撑体。可以确认所掺杂的Mn氧化物的状态为Mn2O3。
实施例3:仅掺杂Mn或掺杂Mn以及Ce的催化剂的制造
在通过实施例1以及实施例2获取到的改性支撑体粉末中,利用氯铂酸以铂成分为0.5、1、2、5重量%的状态制造出担载有铂的Pt担载改性支撑体的催化剂组合物,并通过分散到水中而制造出了浆料。通过以所述浆料为对象进行球磨而使得大约90%左右的颗粒大小达到8~10μm。将所述经过球磨处理的浆料涂布到堇青石蜂窝状结构体中。在150℃至160℃下进行大约10分钟的干燥之后再650℃至750℃下进行10小时的煅烧,从而制造出了Pt/5%Mn-氧化铝柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂(催化剂1)以及Pt/5%Mn-10%Ce-氧化铝柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂(催化剂2)。
比较例1:未掺杂Mn的催化剂的制造
利用纯氧化铝粉末作为支撑体按照如实施例3所示的方式执行,从而制造出了Pt/氧化铝柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂(比较催化剂1)。
试验例1:
以所述制造出的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)催化剂为对象,在发动机排放气体模拟装置中执行了CO以及HC起燃温度(LOT)以及NOx转换率试验。催化剂的特性可以通过起燃温度(LOT,light-off temperature)进行测定,而起燃温度(LOT)被定义为催化剂的转换效率超过50%的时间点上的温度。各个老化条件如下所示。
评估1:
催化剂1(w/Mn)以及比较催化剂1(w/o Mn)的试验结果如表1所示。
【表1】
在所给出的所有Pt担载含量范围内,催化剂1的起燃温度(LOT)低于比较催化剂1。即,氧化活性得到了提升。此外,NO2/NOx转换率在Pt含量为1至2的情况下与比较催化剂1相比显著优秀。通过X射线衍射(XRD)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测定结果可以确认,在催化剂1中Pt粒子的大小因为Pt与Mn之间的相互作用而显著减小,借此可以判断Pt粒子在高温下并不会发生烧结而是维持较高的分散度,从而提升了NO氧化性能。评估2:
催化剂1(w/Mn)以及催化剂2(w/Mn-Ce)的CO起燃温度(LOT)以及NOx转换率试验结果如表2所示。老化条件与表1相同。
【表2】
通常认为铈的含量越高就越会阻碍NO2的形成,但是在本发明中,催化剂2出人意料地呈现出了与催化剂1相比更加优秀的氧化活性,虽然并不限定于特定的理论,但是可以判断Mn以及Ce元素的协同效果会最终作用于氧化活性。为了对适当的铈含量进行确认,将实施例2中的10重量%的铈含量变更为15、20以及30重量%制造出催化剂并进行了试验,其结果如表3所示。借此可以确认,直至20重量%为止在CO、THC氧化活性方面比较有利,但是在NO2的形成方面含有微量至15%,较佳地含有10重量%为宜。
【表3】
结合具体的实施形态对本发明进行了详细的说明,但是如上所述的实施形态只是为了进行例示,本发明的范围以所附的权利要求书为基础。
Claims (7)
1.一种氧化催化剂组合物,其特征在于:
作为包含担载有铂的固态支撑体的氧化催化剂组合物,所述固态支撑体利用以支撑体总重量为基准的1重量%至5重量%的锰进行掺杂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化催化剂组合物,其特征在于:
所述固态支撑体还利用1重量%至20重量%的铈进行掺杂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化催化剂组合物,其特征在于:
所述固态支撑体为非-沸石物质即氧化铝或活性氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆或二氧化钛-氧化铝。
4.根据权利要求1至权利要求3所述的氧化催化剂组合物,其特征在于:
所述固态支撑体中未担载除铂之外的贵金属。
5.一种催化剂结构体,其特征在于:
将根据权利要求1至权利要求3所述的氧化催化剂组合物涂布到基质上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的催化剂结构体,其特征在于:
所述催化剂结构体为柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)或柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的催化剂结构体,其特征在于:
所述催化剂结构体除了铂之外还包含钯。
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