CN114384514A - Method and system for improving SAR (synthetic aperture radar) azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture - Google Patents
Method and system for improving SAR (synthetic aperture radar) azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The application provides a method and a system for improving SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture. A system for segmented aperture enhancement of SAR azimuthal resolution or detection capability according to embodiments of the present invention may comprise: the device comprises an aperture coding signal generating unit, a transmitting assembly, an antenna, a receiving assembly, a data acquisition unit, a decoding processing unit, an imaging processor, a control unit and the like. The method and the system for improving the SAR azimuth resolution or the detection capability by segmenting the aperture have the advantages that the theoretical limit of the antenna size to the traditional strip SAR imaging resolution can be broken through, the strip SAR image with high azimuth resolution is obtained, or the signal-to-noise ratio of the strip SAR image is enhanced, the detection performance of the SAR system is improved, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radars, in particular to a method and a system for improving SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) enable high resolution imaging of a target, which improve range resolution by pulse compression and azimuth resolution by synthetic aperture.
Synthetic aperture radars have different imaging modes including stripe imaging, scanning imaging, beamforming imaging, etc.
In the prior art, the strip SAR imaging is the earliest and most widely applied SRA imaging mode at present, the imaging area of the strip SAR imaging is a strip-shaped area parallel to the motion direction of a carrier (or a carrying platform such as a satellite), a radar beam is generally perpendicular to a flight track, namely, the radar beam is in front side view, the strip-shaped SAR imaging can also work in an oblique view mode, and the included angle between the radar beam and a rain flight track is unchanged in an ideal state in the imaging process. The azimuth resolution of the strip SAR imaging mode is limited by the size of the radar antenna, namely the azimuth resolution cannot be lower than half of the length of the azimuth antenna, and the azimuth resolution of the SAR is limited because the azimuth resolution cannot be lowered without limit in the actual system design.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a synthetic aperture radar operating method and system that overcomes the deficiencies of conventional strip SAR imaging that increases the limit of azimuth resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method and system for improving SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by segmenting an aperture, which can overcome the defect of limitation of improving the azimuth resolution of the traditional stripe SAR imaging and meet the system performance requirement of improving the resolution.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a system for increasing SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture, where the system includes: a radar antenna configured to be divided into a plurality of apertures, forming N apertures, N being a positive integer greater than 1, different apertures having independent radar signal transmitting and receiving chains;
an aperture code signal generating unit configured to generate N aperture transmission code signals, wherein the N aperture transmission signals are respectively independently pulse-coded and are frequency-converted or/and modulated to radio frequency;
the transmitting assembly is configured for amplifying N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals generated by the aperture coded signal generating unit and feeding the N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals into the N apertures respectively;
the receiving assembly is configured to receive the echo signals of the N apertures, and perform radio frequency amplification, frequency conversion or/and demodulation, and intermediate frequency amplification or baseband amplification on the corresponding N paths of echo signals;
the data acquisition unit is configured to sample N paths of intermediate frequency or baseband signals output by each receiving assembly, convert the signals into digital signals and form N paths of target echo data;
the decoding processing unit is configured to decode the acquired N paths of target echo data and separate out target echo data corresponding to the receiving and transmitting channel combination formed by different apertures;
the imaging processor is configured for carrying out SAR imaging processing and SAR image accumulation processing on target echo data corresponding to different receiving and transmitting channel combinations;
and the control unit is configured for controlling the segmented aperture to improve the signal generation, transceiving, acquisition and processing of the SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability system.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a method for increasing SAR azimuth resolution by dividing aperture, where the method includes:
dividing the radar antenna into N apertures along the azimuth direction, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits a code pulse signal which is independent, each aperture receives an echo signal of the code pulse signal transmitted by the aperture, and simultaneously receives echo signals of the code pulse signals transmitted by other apertures;
decoding the echo signals received by each aperture to form N echo signals of different aperture transceiving combinations, and forming N multiplied by N echo signals for the echo signals received by the N apertures;
carrying out SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of the echo signals to obtain a plurality of SAR images;
and carrying out coherent accumulation on the plurality of SAR images to obtain a high-resolution SAR image.
In one embodiment, the separate encoded signals are separable in time or space or frequency for echo signals generated by the encoded signals at the target, or by a decoding process.
In an embodiment, the performing the SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of echo signals is to perform imaging processing by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of each aperture to obtain an SAR image, or perform imaging processing by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of different apertures to obtain an SAR image.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a method for dividing a pore size to improve SAR detection capability, including:
dividing the radar antenna into N apertures along the azimuth direction, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits a code pulse signal which is independent, each aperture receives an echo signal of the code pulse signal transmitted by the aperture, and simultaneously receives echo signals of the code pulse signals transmitted by other apertures;
decoding the echo signals received by each aperture to form N echo signals of different aperture transceiving combinations, and forming N multiplied by N echo signals for the echo signals received by the N apertures;
carrying out SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of the echo signals to obtain a plurality of SAR images;
and carrying out incoherent accumulation on the plurality of SAR images to obtain the SAR image with high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby equivalently improving the detection capability.
In one embodiment, the separate encoded signals are separable in time or space or frequency for echo signals generated by the encoded signals at the target, or by a decoding process.
In an embodiment, the performing the SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of echo signals is to perform the imaging processing by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of each aperture to obtain an SAR image, or perform the imaging processing by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of different apertures to obtain the SAR image.
The radar antenna in the embodiment has N apertures, each aperture can send radar signals and receive echo signals of the radar signals transmitted by the N apertures, and the decoding assembly processes the echo signals received by the N apertures to obtain corresponding target synthetic aperture radar signals. Because the target synthetic aperture radar signal is obtained according to the echo signals received by the plurality of apertures, the target signal can be used for generating a radar image with higher resolution, thereby improving the resolution of the radar image. The method can break through the limitation of the antenna size to the traditional strip SAR imaging resolution, and can obtain a strip SAR image with higher azimuth resolution under the same condition. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the strip SAR image can be enhanced under the condition of the same azimuth resolution, and the detection performance of the SAR system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radar system with a partitioned aperture to improve SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for increasing SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by dividing aperture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a radar system with segmented aperture to improve SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radar system for improving SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability by segmenting the aperture comprises the following components:
a radar antenna configured to be divided into a plurality of apertures, forming N apertures, N being a positive integer greater than 1, different apertures having independent radar signal transmitting and receiving chains;
an aperture code signal generating unit configured to generate N aperture transmission code signals, wherein the N aperture transmission signals are respectively independently pulse-coded and are frequency-converted or/and modulated to radio frequency;
the transmitting assembly is configured for amplifying N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals generated by the aperture coded signal generating unit and feeding the N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals into the N apertures respectively;
the receiving assembly is configured to receive the echo signals of the N apertures, and perform radio frequency amplification, frequency conversion or/and demodulation, and intermediate frequency amplification or baseband amplification on the corresponding N paths of echo signals;
the data acquisition unit is configured to sample N paths of intermediate frequency or baseband signals output by each receiving assembly, convert the signals into digital signals and form N paths of target echo data;
the decoding processing unit is configured to decode the acquired N paths of target echo data and separate out target echo data corresponding to the receiving and transmitting channel combination formed by different apertures;
the imaging processor is configured for carrying out SAR imaging processing and SAR image accumulation processing on target echo data corresponding to different receiving and transmitting channel combinations;
and the control unit is configured for controlling the segmented aperture to improve the signal generation, transceiving, acquisition and processing of the SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability system.
The control unit generates a synchronous signal for system operation, which comprises a signal generation synchronous signal, a signal acquisition synchronous signal and a receiving and sending protection synchronous signal, each aperture has an independent signal generation synchronous signal, a signal acquisition synchronous signal and a receiving and sending protection synchronous signal, a strict synchronous relation is kept between the signal generation synchronous signal and the signal acquisition synchronous signal corresponding to each aperture, and the synchronous requirement is not lower than the time synchronization requirement of SAR imaging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method of segmenting an aperture to improve SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radar antenna is divided into N apertures along the azimuth direction with equal length, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits different coded pulse signals, and receives echo signals of the coded pulse signals transmitted by the aperture and echo signals of other apertures transmitting the coded pulse signals; the echo signals produced by the different coded pulse signals at the target are separable in time or space or frequency, or by a decoding process.
Transmitting a separate coded pulse signal for each aperture;
the separate coded pulse signals enable echo signals generated by target reflection to be separable in time or space or frequency; or the echo signals may be separable after the decoding process.
Preferably, the separate coded pulse signal is a frequency division coded pulse signal. During transmission, each aperture adopts different frequencies for transmission, the transmission channels are isolated through the frequencies, and during reception, after each aperture receives echo signals, the echo signals corresponding to the transmission signals of different apertures are separated through frequency domain filtering;
preferably, the individual code pulse signals are time-phase combined code pulse signals, and the basic constraint of the code is that the code channels are orthogonal to each other. During transmission, each aperture adopts different codes for transmission, and during reception, after each aperture receives echo signals, echo signals corresponding to the transmission signals of different apertures are separated through decoding processing;
preferably, the individual coded pulse signals are time-phase-frequency combined coded pulse signals, and the basic constraint of coding is that the code channels are orthogonal to each other, and each aperture is transmitted with a different code. During receiving, after each aperture receives an echo signal, the echo signals corresponding to the transmitting signals of different apertures are separated through decoding processing;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits a respective coded pulse signal, and specifically, each aperture transmits a respective coded pulse signal according to the fact that each aperture is endowed with a separate coded pulse signal.
Each aperture receives an echo signal of the self-transmitted coded pulse signal and echo signals of other apertures transmitted coded pulse signals; and the problem of transmitting signal interference between channels is solved through frequency isolation or coding and decoding isolation.
Acquiring an echo signal received by each aperture, and decoding the echo signal, wherein the decoding process comprises the following steps:
for the frequency division encoding pulse signal, decoding processing is carried out in a frequency domain filtering mode;
for the time-phase combined coded pulse signal, a decoding matrix is obtained through the coding matrix, and then the echo signal is processed by the decoding matrix to complete decoding processing;
for the time-phase-frequency combined coding pulse signal, a decoding matrix is obtained through the coding matrix, then the echo signal is processed by the decoding matrix, and the decoding processing is completed in combination with a frequency filtering mode.
The echo signals received by each aperture are decoded, each aperture is received and separated into echo signals corresponding to N different transmitting apertures, for example, for the received echo signals of any aperture i (i is an arbitrary integer from 1 to N), the received echo signals include the sum of the echo signals generated after the transmitting signals of the apertures 1 to N act on a target, the echo signals received by the aperture i are decoded, so as to respectively obtain the signals of the aperture 1 transmitting/aperture i, the signals of the aperture 2 transmitting/aperture i, … and the signals of the aperture N transmitting/aperture i, N paths of signals are shared, and for the echo signals received by the N apertures, N multiplied by N paths of signals are obtained by decoding.
Carrying out high-resolution SAR imaging processing on the signals to obtain a high-resolution SAR image; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
the method includes the steps that firstly, target echo signals of different coded pulses of each single receiving aperture are utilized to carry out imaging processing, for example, echo signals received by an aperture 1/an aperture i, an aperture 2/an aperture i, … and an aperture N/an aperture i are utilized, and N paths of received signals of the ith aperture are used in total.
And carrying out coherent accumulation on SAR aperture images correspondingly formed for each aperture, namely the 1 st to N receiving apertures to obtain a high-resolution SAR image, wherein the resolution of the image is higher than that of the SAR aperture image.
Or, the target echo signals of different coded pulses of each individual transmit aperture are used for imaging processing, for example, the aperture i send/aperture 1 receive signal, the aperture i send/aperture 2 receive signal, …, the aperture i send/aperture N receive echo signals, and N paths of i-th aperture transmit signals are used, in the SAR motion process, echo signals corresponding to the transmit channel and the receive channel at different times are formed at different slow time moments in the slow time dimension of the motion direction, and the SAR image is obtained by using the doppler modulation history in the slow time dimension formed by the phase difference between the N paths of i-th transmit aperture echo signals at different slow time moments to perform imaging processing, which is referred to as the SAR aperture image.
And carrying out coherent accumulation on SAR aperture images correspondingly formed for each aperture, namely the 1 st to N-th transmitting apertures to obtain a high-resolution SAR image, wherein the resolution of the image is higher than that of the SAR aperture image.
Or, the target echo signals corresponding to different coded pulses of each individual transmit aperture and receive aperture are used for imaging, for example, echo signals received by an aperture i transmit/aperture k are used, in the slow time dimension of the SAR motion process, echo signals corresponding to transmit channels and receive channels at different times are formed at different slow time moments, and a doppler modulation process in the slow time dimension formed by the phase difference between the echo signals corresponding to the kth receive aperture of the ith transmit aperture at different slow time moments is used for imaging to obtain an SAR image, which is referred to as an SAR aperture image.
Combining N multiplied by N pairs of each aperture, namely the 1 st to N transmitting apertures and the 1 st to N receiving apertures, and performing coherent accumulation on the SAR aperture images correspondingly formed to obtain a high-resolution SAR image, wherein the resolution of the image is higher than that of the SAR aperture image.
Carrying out high signal-to-noise ratio SAR imaging processing on the signals to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio SAR images; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
firstly, the target echo signals of different coded pulses of each single receiving aperture are utilized to carry out imaging processing, for example, using the echo signals received by aperture 1 transmit/aperture i, aperture 2 transmit/aperture i, …, aperture N transmit/aperture i, N i-th aperture receive signals, in the process of SAR movement, echo signals corresponding to a transmitting channel and a receiving channel at different moments are formed at different slow time moments in the slow time dimension of the movement direction, Doppler modulation histories on the slow time dimension are formed by using phase differences among N ith receiving aperture echo signals at different slow time moments, and carrying out multi-view imaging processing on the echo signals, wherein the time number is N, and then carrying out incoherent accumulation on each view signal to increase the signal-to-noise ratio to obtain an SAR image, which is called as a multi-view SAR aperture image.
And carrying out incoherent accumulation on the multi-view SAR aperture images correspondingly formed for each aperture, namely the 1 st to the N receiving apertures to obtain the high signal-to-noise ratio SAR image, thereby equivalently improving the detection capability.
Or the target echo signals of different encoding pulses of each single transmitting aperture are utilized to carry out imaging processing, for example, by using the echo signals received by the aperture i send/aperture 1 receive signal, the aperture i send/aperture 2 receive signal, …, the aperture i send/aperture N receive, N paths of the i-th aperture transmit signals, in the process of SAR movement, echo signals corresponding to transmitting channels and receiving channels at different moments are formed at different slow time moments in the slow time dimension of the movement direction, Doppler modulation histories on the slow time dimension are formed by utilizing phase differences among N ith transmitting aperture echo signals at different slow time moments, and carrying out multi-view imaging processing on the echo signals, wherein the time number is N, and then carrying out incoherent accumulation on each view signal to increase the signal-to-noise ratio to obtain an SAR image, which is called as a multi-view SAR aperture image.
And carrying out incoherent accumulation on SAR aperture images correspondingly formed for each aperture, namely the 1 st to N-th transmitting apertures to obtain the SAR image with high signal-to-noise ratio, and equivalently improving the detection capability.
Or, the target echo signals corresponding to different coded pulses of each individual transmit aperture and receive aperture are used for imaging, for example, echo signals received by an aperture i transmit/aperture k are used, in the slow time dimension of the SAR motion process, echo signals corresponding to transmit channels and receive channels at different times are formed at different slow time moments, and a doppler modulation process in the slow time dimension formed by the phase difference between the echo signals corresponding to the kth receive aperture of the ith transmit aperture at different slow time moments is used for imaging to obtain an SAR image, which is referred to as an SAR aperture image.
Combining N multiplied by N pairs of each aperture, namely the 1 st to N transmitting apertures and the 1 st to N receiving apertures, and performing incoherent accumulation on the SAR aperture images correspondingly formed to obtain the SAR image with high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby equivalently improving the detection capability.
It should be noted that the above description omits some more specific technical details that are well known to those skilled in the art and that may be necessary for the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention in order to make the embodiments of the present invention easier to understand. For example, the above description omits a general description of the existing radar or radar system and SAR imaging processing method. It should be understood that embodiments in accordance with the present invention may have other components or assemblies found in existing radars or radar systems in addition to the transmitting assembly, receiving assembly, radar antenna, etc. described above. The foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A system for splitting aperture to improve SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability, comprising: a radar antenna configured to be divided into a plurality of apertures, forming N apertures, N being a positive integer greater than 1, different apertures having independent radar signal transmitting and receiving chains;
an aperture code signal generating unit configured to generate N aperture transmission code signals, wherein the N aperture transmission signals are respectively independently pulse-coded and are frequency-converted or/and modulated to radio frequency;
the transmitting assembly is configured for amplifying N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals generated by the aperture coded signal generating unit and feeding the N paths of radio frequency pulse coded signals into the N apertures respectively;
the receiving assembly is configured to receive the echo signals of the N apertures, and perform radio frequency amplification, frequency conversion or/and demodulation, and intermediate frequency amplification or baseband amplification on the corresponding N paths of echo signals;
the data acquisition unit is configured to sample N paths of intermediate frequency or baseband signals output by each receiving assembly, convert the signals into digital signals and form N paths of target echo data;
the decoding processing unit is configured to decode the acquired N paths of target echo data and separate out target echo data corresponding to the receiving and transmitting channel combination formed by different apertures;
the imaging processor is configured for carrying out SAR imaging processing and SAR image accumulation processing on target echo data corresponding to different receiving and transmitting channel combinations;
and the control unit is configured for controlling the segmented aperture to improve the signal generation, transceiving, acquisition and processing of the SAR azimuth resolution or detection capability system.
2. A method for improving SAR azimuth resolution by dividing aperture comprises the following steps:
dividing the radar antenna into N apertures along the azimuth direction, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits a code pulse signal which is independent, each aperture receives an echo signal of the code pulse signal transmitted by the aperture, and simultaneously receives echo signals of the code pulse signals transmitted by other apertures;
decoding the echo signals received by each aperture to form N echo signals of different aperture transceiving combinations, and forming N multiplied by N echo signals for the echo signals received by the N apertures;
carrying out SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of the echo signals to obtain a plurality of SAR images;
and carrying out coherent accumulation on the plurality of SAR images to obtain a high-resolution SAR image.
3. The method for segmented aperture enhanced SAR azimuthal resolution of claim 2,
the separate encoded signals are separable in time or space or frequency for echo signals generated by the encoded signals at the target, or by a decoding process.
4. The method for improving the SAR azimuth resolution by segmenting the aperture according to claim 2, wherein the SAR imaging processing is performed on each echo signal or the combination of the echo signals by using the phase difference between the target echo signals of different encoding pulses of each aperture to obtain the SAR image, or by using the phase difference between the target echo signals of different encoding pulses of different apertures to obtain the SAR image.
5. A method for improving SAR detection capability by dividing aperture comprises the following steps:
dividing the radar antenna into N apertures along the azimuth direction, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
when the radar works, each aperture transmits a code pulse signal which is independent, each aperture receives an echo signal of the code pulse signal transmitted by the aperture, and simultaneously receives echo signals of the code pulse signals transmitted by other apertures;
decoding the echo signals received by each aperture to form N echo signals of different aperture transceiving combinations, and forming N multiplied by N echo signals for the echo signals received by the N apertures;
carrying out SAR imaging processing on each echo signal or the combination of the echo signals to obtain a plurality of SAR images;
and carrying out incoherent accumulation on the plurality of SAR images to obtain the SAR image with high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby equivalently improving the detection capability.
6. The method for split-aperture SAR detection capability of claim 5, wherein the separate coded signals are separable in time or space or frequency for echo signals generated by the coded signals at the target, or by a decoding process.
7. The method for improving SAR detection capability by segmenting an aperture according to claim 5, wherein the SAR imaging processing is performed on each echo signal or the combination of echo signals by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of each aperture to obtain an SAR image, or by using a phase difference between target echo signals of different encoding pulses of different apertures to obtain an SAR image.
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