CN114323678B - Knee structure for collision dummy and adjustment method - Google Patents
Knee structure for collision dummy and adjustment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114323678B CN114323678B CN202111516525.7A CN202111516525A CN114323678B CN 114323678 B CN114323678 B CN 114323678B CN 202111516525 A CN202111516525 A CN 202111516525A CN 114323678 B CN114323678 B CN 114323678B
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- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004439 collateral ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 241001227561 Valgus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000469816 Varus Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001930 leg bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001264 anterior cruciate ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002967 posterior cruciate ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of automobile safety collision test dummies, in particular to a knee structure for a collision dummies and an adjusting method. The knee structure comprises an upper leg bone connecting piece, a friction plate, a central connecting block, a connecting rod, a lower leg bone connecting piece and a cover plate, wherein the upper leg bone connecting piece can rotate around the friction plate and the central connecting block and realize up-and-down movement, and the central connecting block is provided with a first ball sleeve, a first elastic piece, a first pressing plate, a second ball sleeve, a second elastic piece and a second pressing plate; the top end of the connecting rod is arranged in the central connecting block and is connected with the first ball sleeve and the second ball sleeve; the top of connecting rod still is provided with first locating part, and the top of connecting rod can rotate around first locating part. The knee structure can reproduce all degrees of freedom of the knee joint of the human body, can reflect the stress mode of the knee in the impact process, can evaluate the collision injury of the vehicle to the pedestrian more accurately, and can improve the validity of the collision test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile safety collision test dummies, in particular to a knee structure for a collision dummies and an adjusting method.
Background
Traffic accidents in which pedestrians collide directly with vehicles occupy a large proportion of all traffic accidents, and in this type of traffic accidents, the knees tend to be the part of the human body that is most injured, while the knee joints act as the most complex joints in the human body, which are tedious and expensive to treat.
In order to improve the safety of an automobile against pedestrian collision, a special pedestrian standing collision dummy is adopted to carry out a related collision test, and the damage degree of the automobile to the lower limbs of the pedestrians during collision is evaluated through the test. Because the knee joint is greatly simplified by the existing pedestrian collision dummy, only a single bending degree of freedom can be realized, and the knee joint is rigidly connected, the stress modes of the lateral collateral ligament, the medial collateral ligament, the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee in the collision process cannot be simulated, and the collision injury of the vehicle to the pedestrian cannot be accurately evaluated. In the test of pedestrian protection regulations of various countries, a mode of throwing leg type (TRL Pedestrian Legforms, aPLI legom) is mainly adopted for safety test, and knee ligaments are replaced by cables, so that the strength of the ligaments can not be adjusted on one hand, and the weight support of the whole dummy can not be realized; on the other hand, the test mode of replacing the whole part with the part can not truly reflect the whole impact response of pedestrians. CN200610011609.4 proposes a four-degree-of-freedom knee joint mechanism for human body collision protection test, which firstly cannot truly reproduce the six-degree-of-freedom motion response state of the human knee, and secondly, adopts a cable to simulate the leg type of the knee ligament, and the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned throwing leg type test also exist.
Therefore, there is a strong need to develop a knee joint module suitable for pedestrian collision test, which has all degrees of freedom of the knee joint of the human body, and can reflect the stress mode of the knee in the collision process, so as to accurately evaluate the collision injury of the vehicle to the pedestrian, and improve the effectiveness of the collision test.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a knee structure and an adjusting method for a collision dummy so as to realize the reproduction of all degrees of freedom of knee joints of a human body, reflect the stress mode of the knee in the collision process, more accurately evaluate the collision injury of a vehicle to pedestrians and improve the effectiveness of a collision test.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a knee structure for a crash dummy, comprising:
the upper leg bone connecting piece, the friction plate and the central connecting block are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the upper leg bone connecting piece can rotate around the friction plate and the central connecting block and realize up-and-down movement;
the front of the central connecting block is sequentially provided with a first ball sleeve, a first elastic piece and a first pressing plate, and the rear of the central connecting block is sequentially provided with a second ball sleeve, a second elastic piece and a second pressing plate;
the top end of the connecting rod is arranged in the central connecting block and is connected with the first ball sleeve and the second ball sleeve; the top end of the connecting rod is also provided with a first limiting piece, and the top end of the connecting rod can rotate around the first limiting piece; the bottom end of the connecting rod is provided with a connecting rod metal pad, and two sides of the connecting rod metal pad are respectively provided with a second limiting piece;
the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece are arranged in the lower leg bone connecting piece;
the cover plate is arranged in front of or behind the lower leg bone connecting piece, and is connected with the lower leg bone connecting piece through bolts and at least one limiting pin.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for adjusting a knee structure of a crash dummy, including:
adjusting the tension of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the upper leg bone connecting piece and the friction plate;
adjusting the front-rear displacement damping force of the knee structure according to the length variation and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece;
and adjusting the axial rotation torsion damping force of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece, the pressure between the limiting pin and the second limiting piece and the diameter of the connecting rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the upper leg bone connecting piece in the knee structure for the collision dummy provided by the invention can rotate around the friction plate and the central connecting block and realize up-and-down movement, so that the varus/valgus freedom degree and the top/bottom movement freedom degree of the knee are simulated; the first ball sleeve, the first elastic piece and the first pressing plate which are arranged in front of the central connecting block form a first distance displacement system, the second ball sleeve, the second elastic piece and the second pressing plate which are arranged at the rear form a second distance displacement system, the connecting rod and the first limiting piece form a connecting rod displacement system, and the three distance displacement systems jointly form the forward and backward movement freedom degree of the knee; the top end of the connecting rod can rotate around the first limiting piece, so that the bending and stretching rotational freedom degree of the knee is realized; the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece can form a rotation limiting system, the bolt, the limiting pin, the cover plate and the lower leg bone connecting piece form a rotation main body, and the rotation limiting system and the rotation main body jointly realize the axial rotation freedom degree and the inner and outer side movement freedom degree of the knee. Therefore, the knee structure can realize six degrees of freedom, so that all degrees of freedom of the knee joint of a human body can be well simulated, further, the stress mode of the knee in the impact process can be accurately reflected, the collision injury of the vehicle to the pedestrian can be accurately evaluated, and the effectiveness of the collision test can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the knee degrees of freedom of a human body;
fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a knee structure for a crash dummy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first direction of a knee structure for a crash dummy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second direction of a knee structure for a crash dummy provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a knee structure for a crash dummy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a lower leg bone attachment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the assembly of the cover plate and connecting rod provided by the present invention;
fig. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of the connecting rod and the center connection block provided by the invention.
Icon: 1-upper leg bone connector; 2-friction plate; 3-a central connection block; 4-connecting rods; 5-lower leg bone connectors; 6 a-a second platen; 6 b-a first platen; 7 a-a first pre-tightening bolt; 7 b-a second pre-tightening bolt; 8 a-a first pre-tightening cushion block; 8 b-a second pre-tightening cushion block; 9-cover plate; 10-a second elastic member; 11-a first elastic member; 12-connecting rod metal pads; 13 a-a second ball sleeve; 13 b-a first ball sleeve; 14-a first limit nut; 15-a first limit screw; 16 a-a first stop pin; 16 b-a second stop pin; 17 a-a first rubber pad; 17 b-a second rubber pad.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic view of the degrees of freedom of the knee of the human body, it can be seen that the knee of the human body has six degrees of freedom, namely, a top/bottom movement degree of freedom, a flexion and extension rotation degree of freedom, an inversion/eversion degree of freedom, an axial rotation degree of freedom, an inside and outside movement degree of freedom, and a forward and backward movement degree of freedom, and the present crash dummy can only be made into four degrees of freedom at most, so that the actual situation of the human body during the crash can not be truly reproduced.
As shown in fig. 2 to 8, the present embodiment provides a knee structure for a crash dummy, the knee structure including:
the upper leg bone connecting piece 1, the friction plate 2 and the central connecting block 3 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the upper leg bone connecting piece 1 can rotate around the friction plate 2 and the central connecting block 3 and realize up-and-down movement;
the front of the central connecting block 3 is sequentially provided with a first ball sleeve 13b, a first elastic piece 11 and a first pressing plate 6b, and the rear of the central connecting block 3 is sequentially provided with a second ball sleeve 13a, a second elastic piece 10 and a second pressing plate 6a;
the top end of the connecting rod 4 is arranged in the central connecting block 3 and is connected with the first ball sleeve 13b and the second ball sleeve 13 a; the top end of the connecting rod 4 is also provided with a first limiting piece, and the top end of the connecting rod 4 can rotate around the first limiting piece; the bottom end of the connecting rod 4 is provided with a connecting rod metal pad 12, and two sides of the connecting rod metal pad 12 are respectively provided with a second limiting piece;
the lower leg bone connecting piece 5, the connecting rod metal pad 12 and the second limiting piece are arranged in the lower leg bone connecting piece 5;
the cover plate 9, the cover plate 9 sets up in lower leg bone connecting piece 5 the place ahead, and cover plate 9 passes through bolt and at least one spacer pin with lower leg bone connecting piece 5 and links to each other.
The upper leg bone connecting member in the knee structure for the crash dummy described above is capable of rotating around the friction plate and the center connecting block and achieving up-and-down movement, thereby simulating the varus/valgus degree of freedom and the top/bottom movement degree of freedom of the knee; the first ball sleeve, the first elastic piece and the first pressing plate which are arranged in front of the central connecting block form a first distance displacement system, the second ball sleeve, the second elastic piece and the second pressing plate which are arranged at the rear form a second distance displacement system, the connecting rod and the first limiting piece form a connecting rod displacement system, and the three distance displacement systems jointly form the forward and backward movement freedom degree of the knee; the top end of the connecting rod can rotate around the first limiting piece, so that the bending and stretching rotational freedom degree of the knee is realized; the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece can form a rotation limiting system, the bolt, the limiting pin, the cover plate and the lower leg bone connecting piece form a rotation main body, and the rotation limiting system and the rotation main body jointly realize the axial rotation freedom degree and the inner and outer side movement freedom degree of the knee. Therefore, the knee structure can realize six degrees of freedom, so that all degrees of freedom of the knee joint of a human body can be well simulated, further, the stress mode of the knee in the impact process can be accurately reflected, the collision injury of the vehicle to the pedestrian can be accurately evaluated, and the effectiveness of the collision test can be improved.
Further, the top end of the connecting rod 4 is provided in a spherical shape. As can be seen from fig. 5, the top end of the connecting rod 4, the first ball socket 13b and the second ball socket 13a form a hemispherical hinge fit.
Further, the two sides of the upper leg bone connecting piece 1 are provided with first openings, the two sides of the friction plate are provided with second openings, and the two sides of the central connecting block are provided with grooves;
the pre-tightening piece is arranged in the first opening and the second opening in a penetrating mode, and one end of the pre-tightening piece is arranged in the groove;
the cross-sectional area of the pretension is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first opening.
Further, the upper leg bone connecting member 1, the friction plate 2 and the center connecting block 3 are connected by a pre-tightening member and assembled by a clearance fit. By adopting the mode of assembly, the rotation range of the pre-tightening piece can be kept at-15 degrees to 15 degrees.
Further, the pretensioning member includes a first pretensioning member and a second pretensioning member, which are provided on the left and right sides of the center connection block 3, respectively. By applying different torques to the two pretensioning members, the adjusting action of different acting forces on the inner side and the outer side of different joints is simulated according to the law of kinetic friction.
Alternatively, the first pretensioning member includes a first pretensioning bolt 7a and a first pretensioning spacer 8a, and the second pretensioning member includes a second pretensioning bolt 7b and a second pretensioning spacer 8b. The tightening torque of the first pretensioning bolt 7a and the second pretensioning bolt 7b is adjustable.
Further, the length of the first elastic member 11 is greater than the length of the second elastic member 10. The first ball sleeve, the first elastic piece and the first pressing plate form a long-distance displacement system (the movement range can be 0-10 mm), and the second ball sleeve, the second elastic piece and the second pressing plate form a short-distance displacement system (the movement range can be 0-5 mm).
Optionally, the first elastic member and the second elastic member are springs. The first elastic piece is a long spring, and the second elastic piece is a short spring.
Further, the top end of the connecting rod 4 is set to be spherical, the first limiting piece comprises a first limiting nut 14 and a first limiting screw 15, and the first limiting screw 15 is arranged on the top end of the spherical connecting rod 4 in a penetrating mode and is connected with the first limiting nut 14. The connecting rod 4 can rotate around the first limiting part, and the first elastic part and the second elastic part at two sides are used for simulating different damping forces and different movement displacement amounts of the knee device in the process of collision.
Further, the connecting rod metal pad is arranged in a groove reserved at the bottom end of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod metal pad and the connecting rod form transition fit; the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece form clearance fit with the lower leg bone connecting piece as a whole. The lower leg bone connecting piece can be provided with a blind hole for placing the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece therein.
Optionally, the connecting rod metal pad is made of copper, and the second limiting part is made of rubber. The second stopper includes a first rubber pad 17a and a second rubber pad 17b.
Optionally, the first pressing plate 6b is selected as a flange pressing plate, and the first pressing plate, the first elastic piece and the first ball sleeve are installed in front of the central connecting block by using an inner hexagonal fastening bolt arranged in the flange hole. The second pressing plate is similar to the first pressing plate, and will not be described again.
Optionally, a first limiting pin 16a and a second limiting pin 16b are arranged on the cover plate 9, the first limiting pin 16a and the second limiting pin 16b are inserted into a reserved pin hole in front of the lower leg bone connecting piece 5, and the cover plate 9 is fixedly connected with the lower leg bone connecting piece 5 through an inner hexagon bolt.
The embodiment also provides a method for adjusting the knee structure of a collision dummy, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting the tension of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the upper leg bone connecting piece and the friction plate;
adjusting the front-rear displacement damping force of the knee structure according to the length variation and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece;
and adjusting the axial rotation torsion damping force of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece, the pressure between the limiting pin and the second limiting piece and the diameter of the connecting rod.
Further, adjusting the tension of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the upper leg bone connecting member and the friction plate includes:
and adjusting the stretching force of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the upper leg bone connecting piece and the friction plate, the diameter of the pre-tightening piece and the tightening moment of the pre-tightening piece.
The tightening torque of the pre-tightening bolt isThe tightening torque coefficient of the pre-tightening bolt>Nominal diameter of pre-tightening boltAxial force of pretension bolt>。
The relation between the axial force of the bolt and the tightening torque is as follows:
(i=1,2)
the unit area of the axial force applied between the upper leg bone connecting piece 1 and the friction plate 2 is stressed in the process of tightening the bolt i The friction force generated during the movement is always along the tangent of the cylindrical surface, the generated friction force is set as +.>。
(i=1,2)
Simulated knee tensionThe relation between the tightening torque and the tightening torque is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a safety factor.
Tightening torque coefficient of pre-tightening boltAnd the nominal diameter of the pretension bolt +.>For determining the value, selecting friction plates according to related manual aiming at tension tolerance limits of inner and outer collateral ligaments of knees of different human bodies, and further selecting tightening torque of a pre-tightening bolt.
The spring coefficient of the short spring isThe spring length is varied by +.>The spring force of the short spring is->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The elastic coefficient of the long spring is +.>The spring length is varied by +.>The spring force of the long spring is->。
During impact of the knee device, the pressure of the short and long springsAnd->Different, the spring ranges allowed for the two are also different.
The friction coefficient between the limiting pin and the rubber cushion block isThe friction force generated by the interaction of the two isThe diameter of the connecting rod is ∈>After the assembly is completed, no pressure exists between the limiting pin and the rubber cushion block>And therefore the friction thereof is not considered to be changed.
The torque generatedCan be expressed as:
the friction plate, the short spring, the long spring, the first rubber cushion block, the second rubber cushion block and the tightening torque of the pre-tightening bolt can be selected by inquiring related manuals.
The present embodiment also provides a crash dummy including the above knee structure for a crash dummy. The crash dummy comprises the above knee structure and thus has at least the same advantages as the above knee structure.
It should be appreciated that the core of the crash dummy is the use of the knee structure described above, and the connection between the knee structure and the other parts of the dummy is not particularly limited as may be achieved in the art, for example, the upper leg bone connector is connected to the upper leg bone of the dummy and the lower leg bone connector is connected to the lower leg bone of the dummy.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of adjusting a knee structure for a crash dummy, comprising:
adjusting the stretching force of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the upper leg bone connecting piece and the friction plate, the diameter of the pre-tightening piece and the tightening torque of the pre-tightening piece;
adjusting the front-rear displacement damping force of the knee structure according to the length variation and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece;
adjusting the axial rotation torsion damping force of the knee structure according to the friction coefficient between the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece, the pressure between the limiting pin and the second limiting piece and the diameter of the connecting rod;
the tightening torque of the pre-tightening bolt isThe tightening torque coefficient of the pre-tightening bolt>Nominal diameter of pretension bolt>Axial force of pretension bolt>，
The relation between the axial force of the bolt and the tightening torque is as follows:(i=1, 2); during the screw tightening process, the unit area of the axial force applied between the upper leg bone connecting piece and the friction plate is stressed by +> i The friction force generated during the movement is always along the tangent of the cylindrical surface, the generated friction force is set as +.>，
(i=1,2)
Simulated knee tensionThe relation between the tightening torque and the tightening torque is as follows: />Wherein->Is a safety coefficient;
the knee structure includes:
the upper leg bone connecting piece, the friction plate and the central connecting block are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the upper leg bone connecting piece can rotate around the friction plate and the central connecting block and realize up-and-down movement;
the front of the central connecting block is sequentially provided with a first ball sleeve, a first elastic piece and a first pressing plate, and the rear of the central connecting block is sequentially provided with a second ball sleeve, a second elastic piece and a second pressing plate;
the top end of the connecting rod is arranged in the central connecting block and is connected with the first ball sleeve and the second ball sleeve; the top end of the connecting rod is also provided with a first limiting piece, and the top end of the connecting rod can rotate around the first limiting piece; the bottom end of the connecting rod is provided with a connecting rod metal pad, and two sides of the connecting rod metal pad are respectively provided with a second limiting piece;
the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece are arranged in the lower leg bone connecting piece;
the cover plate is arranged in front of or behind the lower leg bone connecting piece, and is connected with the lower leg bone connecting piece through bolts and at least one limiting pin.
2. The adjustment method for knee structure of crash dummy according to claim 1, wherein the upper leg bone connecting member, the friction plate and the center connecting block are connected by a pre-tightening member and assembled by a clearance fit.
3. The adjustment method for knee structure of crash dummy according to claim 2, wherein both sides of the upper leg bone connecting member are provided with first openings, both sides of the friction plate are provided with second openings, both sides of the center connecting block are provided with grooves;
the pre-tightening piece is arranged in the first opening and the second opening in a penetrating mode, and one end of the pre-tightening piece is arranged in the groove;
the cross-sectional area of the pretension is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first opening.
4. The adjustment method for knee structure of crash dummy according to claim 2, wherein the pretensioning member includes a first pretensioning member and a second pretensioning member, the first pretensioning member and the second pretensioning member being provided on left and right sides of the center connection block, respectively.
5. The adjustment method for a knee structure of a crash dummy according to claim 1, wherein a length of the first elastic member is greater than a length of the second elastic member.
6. The method for adjusting a knee structure of a crash dummy according to claim 1, wherein the top end of the connecting rod is provided in a spherical shape, the first stopper includes a first stopper nut and a first stopper screw, and the first stopper screw is penetrated through the top end of the spherical connecting rod and connected to the first stopper nut.
7. The method of adjusting a knee structure for a crash dummy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the connecting rod metal pad is disposed in a groove reserved at a bottom end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod metal pad forming a transition fit with the connecting rod; the connecting rod metal pad and the second limiting piece form clearance fit with the lower leg bone connecting piece as a whole.
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