CN114316045B - 抗pd-l1抗体及其用途 - Google Patents
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- CN114316045B CN114316045B CN202011049435.7A CN202011049435A CN114316045B CN 114316045 B CN114316045 B CN 114316045B CN 202011049435 A CN202011049435 A CN 202011049435A CN 114316045 B CN114316045 B CN 114316045B
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Abstract
本发明提供了PD‑L1抗体及其用途,该抗体或其活性片段不阻断PD‑1与PD‑L1的结合,并且特异性靶向PD‑L1的泛IgC区段。本发明的非阻断型PD‑L1抗体能最大限度地规避sPD‑L1,且具有诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的活性,同时具有优异的抗肿瘤活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤免疫学领域,更具体地涉及一类抗PD-L1泛IgC区段又诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的抗体。
背景技术
在过去的十年里,各种肿瘤免疫检查点抗体阻断剂,如伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)(CTLA4阻断抗体)、派姆单抗/纳武单抗(pembrolizumab/nivolumab)(PD-1阻断抗体)和阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab)(PD-L1阻断抗体),在临床上的运用有了里程碑的突破。因此,美国科学家James Allison首先提出免疫检查点阻断(Check-point blockade)这一个普遍接受的概念。在不同的临床指征中,病人的治疗反应率差异很大。在最常见的实体瘤患者群中,这种治疗反应率有限,大概在20%左右。
PD1/PD-L1通路是重要的免疫检查点之一。PD-L1(程序性死亡配体1)是膜蛋白,它主要通过树突状细胞和单核细胞表达。它的受体是PD-1(程序性死亡蛋白受体1),通过激活的T细胞、B细胞、树突状和单核细胞表达。当T细胞识别并结合组织相关抗原时,T细胞被激活而表达PD-1。PD-L1结合PD-1抑制T细胞的活化而导致免疫功能低下。研究发现各种不同类型的肿瘤也表达PD-L1。
研究进一步表明,PD-1与PD-L1的相互作用是通过结合PD-L1的IgV功能区域(氨基酸19-127)来实现的。阿特珠单抗的重链通过氢键结合PD-L1抗原决定基团E58、Q66、V111、R113和R125;并且抗原决定基团I54、Y56、N63、V111、M115、S117、A121、和Y123在PD-L1的CC'FG质片内通过范德瓦尔斯力(van der Waals)与重链互补决定区(HCDRs)结合。尽管不同PD-L1抗体如阿特珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、BMS-963559和阿利库单抗(avelumab)识别不同抗原决定基团,但它们都作用于PD-L1的IgV功能区域。它们与PD-1竞争相同的抗原表位,其目的都是阻断PD-L1与PD-1的相互作用。目前,国内PD-L1抗体的研发也是基于免疫检查点阻断概念,但临床应用还没有被批准。
由免疫检查点阻断引起的治疗反应在某种程度上取决于肿瘤的特性,如肿瘤特异性免疫反应的产生、肿瘤中免疫抑制性微环境的形成和肿瘤对免疫反应的敏感度。研究发现肿瘤病人血清中存在可溶性PD-L1(sPD-L1)。高水平sPD-L1存在于侵袭性肾细胞癌、多发性骨髓瘤和弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,而且与低存活率相关。最近的研究发现,皮肤黑色瘤细胞有四个PD-L1剪接变异体,它们是导致sPD-L1分泌的原因。sPD-L1的分泌与剪接活性、细胞因子的刺激、细胞的应激反应、以及细胞的损伤和死亡有关。膜性PD-L1的表达与sPD-L1的分泌成平行关系。而且,各种不同类型肿瘤细胞普遍具有PD-L1剪接活性和分泌sPD-L1的功能,其中最为常见或表达量最多的是PD-L1-3/12和PD-L1-9。PD-L1-3/12和PD-L1-9氨基酸全长分别是氨基酸19-178和氨基酸19-243。很显然分泌型sPD-L1都含有IgV,即为现有阻断型PD-L1抗体识别区。
目前,研究进一步发现肿瘤分泌的sPD-L1剪接变异体可做为“诱饵”来结合PD-L1抗体并产生耐药性。仅1%的肿瘤细胞分泌的sPD-L1就可完全废除PD-L1抗体的抗肿瘤作用。在PD-L1抗体治疗中,sPD-L1的分泌与肿瘤患者的复发有关。这表明肿瘤分泌的sPD-L1可能是PD-L1阻断抗体治疗肿瘤的障碍,或是其重要的耐药机制之一。
综上所述,本领域迫切需要开发一类更有效的抗sPD-L1分泌型耐药的治疗剂,其能最大限度地规避sPD-L1,增强Fc段的ADCC/CDC活性,并具有抗肿瘤作用的PD-L1特异性单克隆抗体。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类抗PD-L1的泛IgC区段又诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的、抗肿瘤和抗sPD-L1分泌型耐药的PD-L1抗体。
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,所述抗体不阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,并且所述抗体特异性结合于PD-L1的泛IgC区段,且具有诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的活性。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体不结合于PD-L1的IgV功能区域(即氨基酸19-127)。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体不与PD-1竞争结合PD-L1的IgV功能区域。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体不与PD-1竞争结合PD-L1的IgV功能区域的相同的抗原表位。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体对可溶性PD-L1(sPD-L1)蛋白不结合或亲和力低下。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体不结合于可溶性PD-L1蛋白PD-L1-3。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体对PD-L1-9的结合力P1远低于抗体130021(参照抗体)对PD-L1-9的结合力P0,较佳地P1/P0≤1/5,更佳地≤1/10,更佳地≤1/100。
在另一优选例中,所述对可溶性PD-L1蛋白亲和力低下的抗体包括:PD-L1-1和PD-L1-9。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体对可溶性PD-L1(sPD-L1)蛋白不结合或部分结合。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体不结合的可溶性PD-L1蛋白包括:PD-L1-3。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体部分结合的可溶性PD-L1蛋白包括:PD-L1-1、和PD-L1-9。
所述的抗体是非阻断型抗体,不结合于PD-L1的任一氨基酸位点:
(i)E58、Q66、V111、R113、R125;和
(ii)I54、Y56、N63、V111、M115、S117、A121、和Y123。
在另一优选例中,所述的一种PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,包含:
(a)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:16所示的LCDR1、SEQ ID NO:17所示的LCDR2、SEQ IDNO:18所示的LCDR3;以及
(b)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示的HCDR1、SEQ ID NO:13所示的HCDR2和SEQID NO:14所示的HCDR3。
其中,所述抗体特异性结合于PD-L1的泛IgC区段。
在另一优选例中,泛IgC区段为PD-L1蛋白的IgC区段和其与细胞膜的连接段区域,其中所述的区域由PD-L1蛋白的氨基酸残基132~238组成。
在另一优选例中,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应进而杀伤肿瘤。
在另一优选例中,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段包含重链可变区域或轻链可变区域,所述重链可变区的多肽序列与SEQ ID NO:11至少95%相同,所述轻链可变区的多肽序列与SEQ ID NO:15至少95%相同。
在另一优选例中,所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,包含:具有SEQ ID NO:11所示多肽序列的重链可变区,和具有SEQ ID NO:15所示多肽序列的轻链可变区。
在另一优选例中,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段是嵌合的。
在另一优选例中,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段是人源化的。
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种重组蛋白,所述的重组蛋白具有:
(i)如本发明的第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段;以及
(ii)任选的协助表达和/或纯化的标签序列。
在另一优选例中,所述的标签序列包括6His标签。
在另一优选例中,所述的重组蛋白特异性抗PD-L1蛋白。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种多核苷酸,编码本发明第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,或本发明第二方面所述的重组蛋白。
本发明的第四方面,提供了一种载体,它含有本发明的第三方面所述的多核苷酸。
在另一优选例中,所述的载体包括:细菌质粒、噬菌体、酵母质粒、植物细胞病毒、哺乳动物细胞病毒如腺病毒、逆转录病毒、或其他载体。
本发明的第五方面,提供了一种遗传工程化的宿主细胞,它含有本发明的第四方面所述的载体或基因组中整合有本发明的第三方面所述的多核苷酸。
本发明的第六方面,提供了一种免疫偶联物,该免疫偶联物含有:
(a)如本发明第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段;和
(b)选自下组的偶联部分:可检测标记物、药物、毒素、细胞因子、放射性核素、或酶。
本发明的第七方面,提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有:
(a)编码本发明的第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,或如本发明第二方面所述的重组蛋白,或如本发明的第六方面所述的免疫偶联物;以及
(b)药学上可接受的载体。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物还含有:额外的活性成分,较佳地所述的活性成分包括:小分子化合物、细胞因子、抗体(如抗PD-1抗体、抗OX40抗体、抗CD137抗体、抗CD47抗体、ADC、CAR-免疫细胞)。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物为注射剂型。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗肿瘤的药物,所述的肿瘤选自下组:膀胱癌、脑癌如胶质瘤,如低度胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌症、白血病、肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、黑色素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、纤维肉瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、急性髓系白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓衍生肿瘤、甲状腺癌。
在另一优选例中,所述的组合物可与另一种肿瘤免疫治疗联用,包括但不限于:化疗、抗CD20 mAb、抗TIM-3mAb、抗LAG-3mAb、抗CD73 mAb、抗CD47 mAb、抗DLL3 mAb、抗FRmAbmAb、抗CTLA-4抗体、抗OX40抗体、抗CD137抗体、抗PD-1抗体、PD-1/PD-L1治疗、其他免疫肿瘤药物、抗血管生成剂、放射治疗、抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)、靶向治疗或其他抗癌药物。
在另一优选例中,所述的药物组合物,靶向有需要的受试者的癌细胞表面PD-L1、或增强ADCC/CDC作用的方法,包括给所述对象施用本发明的第七方面所述的药物组合物。
本发明的第八方面,提供了一种检测样品中PD-L1蛋白的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
(1)从受试者获得样品;
(2)使样品与本发明第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段接触;
(3)确定受试者中PD-L1的水平。
本发明的第九方面,提供了一种检测PD-L1的试剂盒,所述试剂盒含有选自下组的一种或多种:如本发明第一方面所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段、或如本发明的第六方面所述的免疫偶联物,如本发明的第七方面所述的药物组合物,以及说明书。
在另一优选例中,所述的说明书记载,所述的试剂盒用于检测待测对象的PD-L1表达。
在另一优选例中,所述的试剂盒用于表达PD-L1蛋白(即PD-L1阳性)的肿瘤的检测。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1中A图显示了PD-L1的全长和它的剪接变异体sPD-L1-3或12,sPD-L1-9的氨基酸区域,已知PD-L1抗体的识别区域和PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19的抗原表位。B图显示了人源PD-L1 IgC及其与细胞膜的连接段氨基酸序列。其中下划点段表示信号肽段,下划双线段表示IgV(氨基酸19-127),下划单线段表示IgC及其与细胞膜的连接段(氨基酸132-238),下划短线加下划点线段表示跨膜结构域(氨基酸239-259),下划波浪线段表示胞内结构域(氨基酸260-290)。
图2显示了人源PD-L1剪接变异体的示意图。其中A图表示PD-L1全长含有六个外显子,PD-L1-1、PD-L1-3、PD-L1-9和PD-L1-12分别为剪接变异体,跨膜区位于第四外显子并以粉红色标示,剪除段以括弧标示,Stop代表终止密码子。B图分别表示全长膜型PD-L1、剪接变异体PD-L1-1、PD-L1-3、PD-L1-9和PD-L1-12的核酸和氨基酸序列,其中跨膜区在外显子4区段内以粉红色标示,剪除段以红色括弧标示,每一个剪接变异体的氨基酸序列以蓝色标示,下划线表示额外不同的氨基酸。
图3显示了PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体对人源PD-L1和泛IgC的结合力。其中A图显示了流式细胞术检测PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#130021和#29E.2A3对人源PD-L1和泛IgC的结合力。其中,PD-L1鼠单抗体#130021(R&D systems,美国)只结合泛IgC,PD-L1鼠单抗体#29E.2A3(Biolegend,美国)仅结合PD-L1而不识别泛IgC段,表明它的识别区只在IgV;24F.10C12抗体为PD-L2鼠单抗#24F.10C12(Biolegend,美国);B图显示了PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体的细胞流式筛选图,其中筛选的5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23既能结合PD-L1也能识别IgC。其中,PD-L1 PE表示PE萤光标记PD-L1抗体。
图4显示了PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体对重组蛋白rPD-L1的亲和力。其中A图显示了ELISA检测5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23与重组蛋白PD-L1的亲和力;B图显示了流式细胞术检测重组蛋白rPD-L1-3-HIS和rPD-L1-9-HIS对5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23的阻断作用;C图显示了流式细胞术检测不同浓度的重组蛋白rPD-L1-9-HIS对鼠单克隆抗体#19结合PD-L1的影响。
图5显示了ELISA检测PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19对自然形态sPD-L1的亲和力。其中A图显示了鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19对细胞培养上清中sPD-L1-3与sPD-L1-9的亲和力,B图显示了鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19对细胞培养上清中sPD-L1-3的亲和力,C图显示了鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19对细胞培养上清中sPD-L1-9的亲和力。其中,Blank表示培养液空白对照。
图6显示了PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19在表达人源PD-L1和sPD-L1-9的MC38小鼠肿瘤模型上的抗肿瘤作用,其中A图表示不同天数下小鼠的肿瘤大小(T检验,P<0.01);B图表示不同天数下小鼠的存活率,结果表明:PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19具有抗肿瘤作用(时序检验,P<0.001)。
图7显示了抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对PD-1与PD-L1相互作用的影响。其中A图显示了流式细胞术检测抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对PD-1与PD-L1相互作用的影响;B图显示了流式细胞术检测重组蛋白rPD-L1-9-HIS对阿特珠单抗阻断功能的影响。
图8显示了抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对已结合的PD-1与PD-L1的影响和与自然形态的sPD-L1的结合力。其中A图显示了流式细胞术检测不同浓度下抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对细胞间已结合的PD-1与PD-L1的影响。B图显示了ELISA检测抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗与自然形态的sPD-L1的结合力。其中,BL表示无sPD-L1上清,做为背景对照;atetreated表示通过阿特珠单抗处理;hIgG1 treated表示通过人源hIgG1处理;sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9分别表示含有sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9的上清液。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入地研究,首次发现一类非阻断型PD-L1抗体,所述的抗体不阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,然而这类非阻断型PD-L1抗体居然具有优异的抗肿瘤活性。研究表明,本发明的非阻断型PD-L1抗体可特异性靶向PD-L1的泛IgC区间,能最大限度地规避sPD-L1,同时诱导ADCC/CDC活性。在此基础上完成了本发明。
具体地,本发明人构建了五个特异性抗人源PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体,均不结合sPD-L1-3,且其中一个单抗能部分规避PD-L1的胞外全长sPD-L1-9,明显优于对照抗人源PD-L1阿特珠单抗。
术语
为了可以更容易地理解本公开,首先定义某些术语。如本申请中所使用的,除非本文另有明确规定,否则以下术语中的每一个应具有下面给出的含义。在整个申请中阐述了其它定义。
在本发明中,术语“本发明的非阻断型PD-L1抗体”、“本发明的PD-L1抗体”、“本发明的特异性抗体”、“本发明抗体”、“本发明蛋白”、或“本发明多肽”可互换使用,都指特异性结合PD-L1蛋白的抗体。本发明的非阻断型PD-L1抗体不阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,可特异性靶向PD-L1的泛IgC区间,且具有诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的活性。例如具有重链(如SEQ IDNO:11所示的氨基酸序列)和/或轻链(如SEQ ID NO:15所示的氨基酸序列)的蛋白或多肽。它们可含有或不含起始甲硫氨酸。
泛IgC区段
如本文所用,IgC区与细胞膜的连接段记为“泛IgC区段”,为PD-L1蛋白SEQ ID No:19中的氨基酸132-238区段(图1A和B)。
PD-L1抗体
本发明提供了对人PD-L1蛋白具有高亲和力的PD-L1抗体。受测抗体表现出有效的结合和抑制活性,并可用于治疗和诊断用途。PD-L1蛋白是40kDa的I型跨膜蛋白。其胞外部分包含N-末端免疫球蛋白V(IgV)结构域(氨基酸19~127)和C末端免疫球蛋白C(IgC)结构域(氨基酸132~225)。如同抗体的IgV结构域和T细胞受体的相互作用一样,PD-1和PD-L1通过它们的IgV结构域的保守的正面和侧面相互作用。目前的抗PD-L1抗体全都结合到IgV结构域,从而阻断PD-1和PD-L1之间的结合(图1A和B)。因此,本发明揭示了一个发现:即本发明的非阻断型PD-L1抗体其与PD-L1蛋白的泛IgC结构域结合后可以有效地利用PD-L1靶点,导致治疗效果能够更进一步的改善。因此,本发明公开的一个实施方案提供了抗PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,该抗体或其活性片段可以特异性结合人程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)蛋白的泛免疫球蛋白C(IgC)结构域。本发明的抗体具有一种或多种期望的功能特性,包括但不限于与PD-L1的高亲和力结合、对PD-L1的高特异性、刺激补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)的能力、抗体依赖性吞噬作用(ADPC)和/或针对表达PD-L1细胞的抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC),以及在受试者和动物模型中单独或与其他抗癌疗法联合使用时具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
在一些实施方案中,泛IgC结构域由氨基酸残基132~238组成。在一些实施方案中,所述抗体或其活性片段可以结合至PD-L1蛋白的氨基酸残基。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,所述PD-L1的氨基酸序列为:MRIFAVFIFMTYWHLLNAFTVTVPKDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNI IQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHLVILGAILLCLGVALTFIFRLRKGRMMDVKKCGIQDTNSKKQSDTHLEET(SEQ ID NO:19)。
其中,SEQ ID No:19中第132-238位为泛IgC区。
PD-L1的氨基酸区段及位置如下表所示:
分泌型sPD-L1剪接异体
本发明人首次发现分泌型PD-L1剪接异体,以及它们与sPD-L1分泌的关系。sPD-L1的分泌与膜型PD-L1的表达成平行关系,而且也与它剪接活性、细胞因子的刺激、细胞的应激反应、以及细胞的损伤和死亡有关。人源PD-L1剪接变异体PD-L1-1、PD-L1-3、PD-L1-9和PD-L1-12及其序列如图2所示(注:PD-L1-12与PD-L1-3氨基酸序列相同)。其中,“分泌型PD-L1”、“可溶性PD-L1”、“分泌型sPD-L1”、“sPD-L1”可互换使用,均指分泌型PD-L1剪接变异体。
在一个具体实施例中,自然形态的分泌型sPD-L1通过MC38细胞表达和分泌;rPD-L1-HIS为通过MC38细胞重组表达的带有His标签的分泌型sPD-L1,包括rPD-L1-3-HIS、rPD-L1-9-HIS。
在另一优选例中,成功挑选出五个特异性抗人源PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体,它们识别表达在细胞上的PD-L1和IgC。这5个单抗都不结合sPD-L1-3,其中1个单抗还能部分规避sPD-L1-9,而sPD-L1-9是整个PD-L1的胞外全长,包括IgV和IgC功能段。分泌sPD-L1-9的小鼠肿瘤模型中的体内实验显示它具有抗耐药和抗肿瘤作用。
在另一优选例中,挑选出PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19。
抗体130021(参照抗体),即鼠单抗体#130021(R&D systems,美国),结合PD-L1的泛IgC区段,不与可溶性PD-L1蛋白中的sPD-L1-3结合,与sPD-L1-9结合。
如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“免疫球蛋白”是有相同结构特征的约150000道尔顿的异四聚糖蛋白,其由两个相同的轻链(L)和两个相同的重链(H)组成。每条轻链通过一个共价二硫键与重链相连,而不同免疫球蛋白同种型的重链间的二硫键数目不同。每条重链和轻链也有规则间隔的链内二硫键。每条重链的一端有可变区(VH),其后是多个恒定区。每条轻链的一端有可变区(VL),另一端有恒定区;轻链的恒定区与重链的第一个恒定区相对,轻链的可变区与重链的可变区相对。特殊的氨基酸残基在轻链和重链的可变区之间形成界面。
如本文所用,术语“可变”表示抗体中可变区的某些部分在序列上有所不同,它形成了各种特定抗体对其特定抗原的结合和特异性。然而,可变性并不均匀地分布在整个抗体可变区中。它集中于轻链和重链可变区中称为互补决定区(CDR)或超变区中的三个片段中。可变区中较保守的部分称为构架区(FR)。天然重链和轻链的可变区中各自包含四个FR区,它们大致上呈β-折叠构型,由形成连接环的三个CDR相连,在某些情况下可形成部分β折叠结构。每条链中的CDR通过FR区紧密地靠在一起并与另一链的CDR一起形成了抗体的抗原结合部位(参见Kabat等,NIH Publ.No.91-3242,卷I,647-669页(1991))。恒定区不直接参与抗体与抗原的结合,但是它们表现出不同的效应功能,例如参与抗体的依赖于抗体的细胞毒性。
脊椎动物抗体(免疫球蛋白)的“轻链”可根据其恒定区的氨基酸序列归为明显不同的两类(称为κ和λ)中的一类。根据其重链恒定区的氨基酸序列,免疫球蛋白可以分为不同的种类。主要有5类免疫球蛋白:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,其中一些还可进一步分成亚类(同种型),如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA和IgA2。对应于不同类免疫球蛋白的重链恒定区分别称为α、δ、ε、γ、和μ。不同类免疫球蛋白的亚单位结构和三维构型是本领域人员所熟知的。
如本文所用,术语“单克隆抗体(单抗)”指从一类基本均一的群体获得的抗体,即该群体中包含的单个抗体是相同的,除少数可能存在的天然发生的突变外。单克隆抗体高特异性地针对单个抗原位点。而且,与常规多克隆抗体制剂(通常是具有针对不同决定簇的不同抗体)不同,各单克隆抗体是针对抗原上的单个决定簇。除了它们的特异性外,单克隆抗体的好处还在于它们是通过杂交瘤培养来合成的,不会被其它免疫球蛋白污染。修饰语“单克隆”表示了抗体的特性,是从基本均一的抗体群中获得的,这不应被解释成需要用任何特殊方法来生产抗体。
本发明还包括具有所述的抗PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体的相应氨基酸序列的单克隆抗体、具有所述的抗PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体可变区链的单克隆抗体,以及具有这些链的其他蛋白质或蛋白质偶联物及融合表达产物。具体地,本发明包括具有含超变区(互补决定区,CDR)的轻链和重链的任何蛋白质或蛋白质偶联物及融合表达产物(即免疫偶联物及融合表达产物),只要该超变区与本发明的轻链和重链的超变区相同或至少90%同源性,较佳地至少95%同源性。
如本领域技术人员所知,免疫偶联物及融合表达产物包括:药物、毒素、细胞因子(cytokine)、放射性核素、酶和其他诊断或治疗分子与所述的抗PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体或其片段结合的而形成的偶联物。本发明还包括与所述的抗PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体或其片段结合的细胞表面标记物或抗原。
本发明不仅包括完整的单克隆抗体,还包括具有免疫活性的抗体片段,如Fab或(Fab’)2片段;抗体重链;抗体轻链。
如本文所用,术语“重链可变区”与“VH”可互换使用。
如本文所用,术语“可变区”与“互补决定区(complementarity determiningregion,CDR)”可互换使用。
在另一个优选例中,所述抗体的重链可变区包括包括三个互补决定区CDR1、CDR2、和CDR3。
在另一个优选例中,所述抗体的重链包括上述重链可变区和重链恒定区,所述重链恒定区可以为鼠源或人源。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体为抗PD-L1蛋白的鼠或人鼠嵌合单克隆抗体,它的重链恒定区和/或轻链恒定区可以是人源化的重链恒定区或轻链恒定区。更优选地,所述的人源化的重链恒定区或轻链恒定区为人IgG1、IgG2等的重链恒定区或轻链恒定区。
本发明还提供了具有本发明抗体的其他蛋白质或融合表达产物。具体地,本发明包括具有含可变区的重链和轻链的任何蛋白质或蛋白质偶联物及融合表达产物(即免疫偶联物及融合表达产物),只要该可变区与本发明抗体的重链和轻链的可变区相同或至少90%同源性,较佳地至少95%同源性。
一般,抗体的抗原结合特性可由位于重链和轻链可变区的3个特定的区域来描述,称为可变区域(CDR),将该段间隔成4个框架区域(FR),4个FR的氨基酸序列相对比较保守,不直接参与结合反应。这些CDR形成环状结构,通过其间的FR形成的β折叠在空间结构上相互靠近,重链上的CDR和相应轻链上的CDR构成了抗体的抗原结合位点。可以通过比较同类型的抗体的氨基酸序列来确定是哪些氨基酸构成了FR或CDR区域。
本发明抗体的重链和/或轻链的可变区特别令人感兴趣,因为它们中至少部分涉及结合抗原。因此,本发明包括那些具有带CDR的单克隆抗体轻链和重链可变区的分子,只要其CDR与此处鉴定的CDR具有90%以上(较佳地95%以上,最佳地98%以上)的同源性。
本发明不仅包括完整的单克隆抗体,还包括具有免疫活性的抗体的片段或抗体与其他序列形成的融合蛋白。因此,本发明还包括所述抗体的片段、衍生物和类似物。
如本文所用,术语“片段”、“衍生物”和“类似物”是指基本上保持本发明抗体相同的生物学功能或活性的多肽。本发明的多肽片段、衍生物或类似物可以是(i)有一个或多个保守或非保守性氨基酸残基(优选保守性氨基酸残基)被取代的多肽,而这样的取代的氨基酸残基可以是也可以不是由遗传密码编码的,或(ii)在一个或多个氨基酸残基中具有取代基团的多肽,或(iii)成熟多肽与另一个化合物(比如延长多肽半衰期的化合物,例如聚乙二醇)融合所形成的多肽,或(iv)附加的氨基酸序列融合到此多肽序列而形成的多肽(如前导序列或分泌序列或用来纯化此多肽的序列或蛋白原序列,或与6His标签形成的融合蛋白)。根据本文所用,这些片段、衍生物和类似物属于本领域熟练技术人员公知的范围。
本发明抗体指具有PD-L1蛋白结合活性的、包括上述CDR区的多肽。该术语还包括具有与本发明抗体相同功能的、包含上述CDR区的多肽的变异形式。这些变异形式包括(但并不限于):一个或多个(通常为1-50个,较佳地1-30个,更佳地1-20个,最佳地1-10个)氨基酸的缺失、插入和/或取代,以及在C末端和/或N末端添加一个或数个(通常为20个以内,较佳地为10个以内,更佳地为5个以内)氨基酸。例如,在本领域中,用性能相近或相似的氨基酸进行取代时,通常不会改变蛋白质的功能。又比如,在C末端和/或N末端添加一个或数个氨基酸通常也不会改变蛋白质的功能。该术语还包括本发明抗体的活性片段和活性衍生物。
该多肽的变异形式包括:同源序列、保守性变异体、等位变异体、天然突变体、诱导突变体、在高或低的严紧度条件下能与本发明抗体的编码DNA杂交的蛋白、以及利用抗本发明抗体的抗血清获得的多肽或蛋白。
本发明还提供了其他多肽,如包含人抗体或其片段的融合蛋白。除了几乎全长的多肽外,本发明还包括了本发明抗体的片段。通常,该片段具有本发明抗体的至少约50个连续氨基酸,较佳地至少约50个连续氨基酸,更佳地至少约80个连续氨基酸,最佳地至少约100个连续氨基酸。
本发明还提供了编码上述抗体或其片段或其融合蛋白的多核苷酸分子。本发明的多核苷酸可以是DNA形式或RNA形式。DNA形式包括cDNA、基因组DNA或人工合成的DNA。DNA可以是单链的或是双链的。DNA可以是编码链或非编码链。
编码本发明的成熟多肽的多核苷酸包括:只编码成熟多肽的编码序列;成熟多肽的编码序列和各种附加编码序列;成熟多肽的编码序列(和任选的附加编码序列)以及非编码序列。
术语“编码多肽的多核苷酸”可以是包括编码此多肽的多核苷酸,也可以是还包括附加编码和/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。
本发明还涉及与上述的序列杂交且两个序列之间具有至少50%,较佳地至少70%,更佳地至少80%相同性的多核苷酸。本发明特别涉及在严格条件下与本发明所述多核苷酸可杂交的多核苷酸。在本发明中,“严格条件”是指:(1)在较低离子强度和较高温度下的杂交和洗脱,如0.2×SSC,0.1%SDS,60℃;或(2)杂交时加有变性剂,如50%(v/v)甲酰胺,0.1%小牛血清/0.1%Ficoll,42℃等;或(3)仅在两条序列之间的相同性至少在90%以上,更好是95%以上时才发生杂交。并且,可杂交的多核苷酸编码的多肽与成熟多肽有相同的生物学功能和活性。
本发明的抗体的核苷酸全长序列或其片段通常可以用PCR扩增法、重组法或人工合成的方法获得。一种可行的方法是用人工合成的方法来合成有关序列,尤其是片段长度较短时。通常通过先合成多个小片段,然后再进行连接可获得序列很长的片段。此外,还可将重链的编码序列和表达标签(如6His)融合在一起,形成融合蛋白。
一旦获得了有关的序列,就可以用重组法来大批量地获得有关序列。这通常是将其克隆入载体,再转入细胞,然后通过常规方法从增殖后的宿主细胞中分离得到有关序列。本发明所涉及的生物分子(核酸、蛋白等)包括以分离的形式存在的生物分子。
目前,已经可以完全通过化学合成来得到编码本发明蛋白(或其片段,或其衍生物)的DNA序列。然后可将该DNA序列引入本领域中已知的各种现有的DNA分子(或如载体)和细胞中。此外,还可通过化学合成将突变引入本发明蛋白序列中。
本发明还涉及包含上述的适当DNA序列以及适当启动子或者控制序列的载体。这些载体可以用于转化适当的宿主细胞,以使其能够表达蛋白质。
宿主细胞可以是原核细胞,如细菌细胞;或是低等真核细胞,如酵母细胞;或是高等真核细胞,如哺乳动物细胞。代表性例子有:大肠杆菌,链霉菌属;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌细胞;真菌细胞如酵母;果蝇S2或Sf9的昆虫细胞;CHO、COS7、293细胞的动物细胞等。
用重组DNA转化宿主细胞可用本领域技术人员熟知的常规技术进行。当宿主为原核生物如大肠杆菌时,能吸收DNA的感受态细胞可在指数生长期后收获,用CaCl2法处理,所用的步骤在本领域众所周知。另一种方法是使用MgCl2。如果需要,转化也可用电穿孔的方法进行。当宿主是真核生物,可选用如下的DNA转染方法:磷酸钙共沉淀法,常规机械方法如显微注射、电穿孔,脂质体包装等。
获得的转化子可以用常规方法培养,表达本发明的基因所编码的多肽。根据所用的宿主细胞,培养中所用的培养基可选自各种常规培养基。在适于宿主细胞生长的条件下进行培养。当宿主细胞生长到适当的细胞密度后,用合适的方法(如温度转换或化学诱导)诱导选择的启动子,将细胞再培养一段时间。
在上面的方法中的重组多肽可在细胞内、或在细胞膜上表达、或分泌到细胞外。如果需要,可利用其物理的、化学的和其它特性通过各种分离方法分离和纯化重组的蛋白。这些方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的。这些方法的例子包括但并不限于:常规的复性处理、用蛋白沉淀剂处理(盐析方法)、离心、渗透破菌、超处理、超离心、分子筛层析(凝胶过滤)、吸附层析、离子交换层析、高效液相层析(HPLC)和其它各种液相层析技术及这些方法的结合。
本发明的抗体可以单独使用,也可与可检测标记物(为诊断目的)、治疗剂、PK(蛋白激酶)修饰部分或任何以上这些物质的组合结合或偶联。
用于诊断目的可检测标记物包括但不限于:荧光或发光标记物、放射性标记物、MRI(磁共振成像)或CT(电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术)造影剂、或能够产生可检测产物的酶。
可与本发明抗体结合或偶联的治疗剂包括但不限于:1.放射性核素;2.生物毒;3.细胞因子如IL-2等;4.金纳米颗粒/纳米棒;5.病毒颗粒;6.脂质体;7.纳米磁粒;8.前药激活酶(例如,DT-心肌黄酶(DTD)或联苯基水解酶-样蛋白质(BPHL));10.化疗剂(例如,顺铂)或任何形式的纳米颗粒等。
药物组合物
本发明还提供了一种组合物。在优选例中,所述的组合物是药物组合物,它含有上述的抗体或其活性片段或其融合蛋白,以及药学上可接受的载体。通常,可将这些物质配制于无毒的、惰性的和药学上可接受的水性载体介质中,其中pH通常约为5-8,较佳地pH约为6-8,尽管pH值可随被配制物质的性质以及待治疗的病症而有所变化。配制好的药物组合物可以通过常规途径进行给药,其中包括(但并不限于):瘤内、腹膜内、静脉内、或局部给药。
本发明的药物组合物可直接用于结合PD-L1蛋白分子,因而可用于预防和治疗肿瘤。此外,还可同时使用其他治疗剂。
本发明的药物组合物含有安全有效量(如0.001-99wt%,较佳地0.01-90wt%,更佳地0.1-80wt%)的本发明上述的单克隆抗体(或其偶联物)以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。这类载体包括(但并不限于):盐水、缓冲液、葡萄糖、水、甘油、乙醇、及其组合。药物制剂应与给药方式相匹配。本发明的药物组合物可以被制成针剂形式,例如用生理盐水或含有葡萄糖和其他辅剂的水溶液通过常规方法进行制备。药物组合物如针剂、溶液宜在无菌条件下制造。活性成分的给药量是治疗有效量,例如每天约1微克/千克体重-约5毫克/千克体重。此外,本发明的多肽还可与其他治疗剂一起使用。
在另一具体实施方式中,药物组合物还含有:额外的活性成分,较佳地所述的活性成分包括:小分子化合物、细胞因子、抗体(如抗PD-1抗体、抗OX40抗体、抗CD137抗体、抗CD47抗体、ADC、CAR-免疫细胞)。
在另一具体实施方式中,在癌症,炎性疾病、病症或病况,免疫疾病、病症或病况,自身免疫性疾病、病症或病况或感染性疾病、病症或病况的治疗中使用的组合物可与另一种治疗联用,包括但不限于:化疗、抗CD20 mAb、抗TIM-3mAb、抗LAG-3mAb、抗CD73 mAb、抗CD47 mAb、抗DLL3 mAb、抗FRmAb mAb、抗CTLA-4抗体、抗PD-1抗体、PD-1/PD-L1治疗、其他免疫肿瘤药物、抗血管生成剂、放射治疗、抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)、靶向治疗或其他抗癌药物。抗PD-L1抗体可与针对以下靶点的伴侣mAb共同构建双特异性抗体以治疗表达PD-L1和特定肿瘤相关抗原的癌症/肿瘤:PD-1、OX40、CD137、LAG3、TIM-3、CTLA-4、EGFR、HER-2、CD19、CD20、CD33、CD73、CD47、DLL-3、CLDN18.2、叶酸受体α(FOLR1),和/或其他肿瘤表面抗原。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的免疫偶联物施用于哺乳动物,其中该安全有效量通常至少约10微克/千克体重,而且在大多数情况下不超过约8毫克/千克体重,较佳地该剂量是约10微克/千克体重-约1毫克/千克体重。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
杂交瘤细胞株
本发明还提供了可生产本发明针对PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;优选的,本发明提供了高效价的针对PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。
在获得生产本发明的PD-L1蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤之后,本领域技术人员可以方便地利用该杂交瘤细胞株制备抗体。此外,本领域技术人员还可很方便地获知本发明的抗体的结构(比如抗体的重链可变区和轻链可变区),然后可通过重组方法来制备本发明的单克隆抗体。
方法和样本
本发明涉及用于在以细胞和/或组织溶解的样本检测肿瘤的方法。该方法步骤大致如下:获得细胞和/或组织样本;将样本溶解在介质中;检测在所述溶解的样本中PD-L1蛋白的水平。在本发明的检测方法中,所使用的样本没有特别限制,代表性的例子是存在于细胞保存液中的含细胞的样本。
试剂盒
本发明还提供了一种指含有本发明的抗体(或其片段)或本发明的检测板的试剂盒,在本发明的一个优选例中,所述的试剂盒还包括容器、使用说明书、缓冲剂等。
本发明进一步设计用于检测PD-L1水平的检测试剂盒,该试剂盒包括识别PD-L1蛋白的抗体,用于溶解样本的裂解介质,检测所需的通用试剂和缓冲液,如各种缓冲液、检测标记、检测底物等。该检测试剂盒可以是体外诊断装置。
本发明的主要优点包括
(a)本发明抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体,具有独特的抗原表位,靶向泛IgC功能段。不同于已知的针对的是IgV功能段的PD-L1单克隆抗体,如:阿特珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗、BMS-963559和阿利库单抗。
(b)本发明抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体能够特异性识别膜型PD-L1,最大限度地规避分泌型sPD-L1。
(c)本发明抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体对分泌sPD-L1的肿瘤具有抗耐药性。
(d)本发明抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体能够增强ADCC功能。
(e)本发明抗PD-L1蛋白的抗体具有肿瘤杀伤作用。
(f)本发明的PD-L1抗体,或与其它抗肿瘤药的联合用药,为阻断型PD-L1抗体耐药的肿瘤提供一可选择的方法,进而提高免疫治疗的疗效。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,例如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press,1989)中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
引物的序列及表达宿主细胞
表1.人或鼠源PD-L1/PD-1特异性引物
注:h表示人源
基因表达宿主细胞和试验用途
表2.基因表达宿主细胞和试验用途
注:h表示人源,s表示分泌型或可溶性。
表3.本发明中涉及的抗体
抗体名称 | 特异性 |
阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab) | 抗PD-L1(结合IgV) |
鼠单克隆抗体#130021 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
鼠单克隆抗体#29E.2A3 | 抗PD-L1(结合IgV) |
鼠单克隆抗体#24F.10C12 | 抗PD-L2 |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#18 | 阴性对照 |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#4 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#11 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#15 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#19 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
鼠单克隆抗体Ab#23 | 抗PD-L1(结合泛IgC) |
mIgG | 阴性对照 |
注:m表示鼠源
细胞系以及细胞培养条件
MC38是一种小鼠结肠癌细胞,从上海盖宁生物科技有限公司获得,生长在DMEM+10%胎牛血清培养液中。CHO-K1是一种中国仓鼠卵巢细胞,由杭州化安生物科技有限公司提供。Raji是一种人源B淋巴瘤细胞(Burkitt),来自上海盖宁生物科技有限公司。后两种细胞生长在RPMI1640+10%胎牛血清培养液中。
细胞荧光抗体标记与细胞流式检测
MC38细胞分别表达PD-L1和泛IgC做为阳性检测细胞。而MC38细胞野生型和表达PD-L2做为阴性对照。加小鼠免疫后血清(1:100、1:1000、1:10000)或抗体克隆杂较瘤细胞培养上清液(50μl),或鼠单抗(100ng)标记大约1×105阴性和阳性检测细胞,在4℃下孵育15min。加PBS清洗后,再加PE结合的羊抗鼠抗体(BD biosciences,San Jose,CA,美国)标记,在4℃避光下孵育15min。再加PBS清洗后,进行细胞流式检测(NovoCyte,Aceabio,杭州)。
PD-L1细胞ELISA、直接PD-L1蛋白ELISA、和分泌型sPD-L1间接ELISA
通过已建立的细胞ELISA来筛选PD-L1抗体亚克隆。在96孔细胞培养板上,每孔铺5000个阳性细胞,在37℃CO2细胞培养箱里培养2天。加PBS清洗细胞,离心培养板,每分钟1500转,3分钟,共清洗二遍。加小鼠免疫后血清或抗体克隆杂较瘤细胞培养上清液,在4℃下孵育1小时。再用PBS清洗2遍,加HRP结合的羊抗鼠二抗(Proteintech,武汉,1:1000稀释)并在4℃下孵育30分钟。PBS清洗2遍后,加TMB显色,再用1M HCl终止显色反应。在一酶标仪上(Synergy LX,Biotek,美国),通过450波长的吸收值来检测上清液中有或无PD-L1抗体。
通过已建立的直接蛋白ELISA来分析PD-L1抗体是否结合sPD-L1。如过去所做,包被50ng PD-L1-3-HIS或PD-L1-9-HIS每孔在具有蛋白高亲和力的96孔板上,在4℃静置过夜。弃上清液,每孔加100ul PBS+吐温20(0.05%)清洗96孔板三次。每孔再加100μl PBS+1%BSA,室温静置4小时。弃上清液后,每孔加50μl抗体克隆杂交瘤细胞培养上清液,在4℃下孵育过夜。弃上清液后,每孔加100μl PBS+吐温20(0.05%)清洗96孔板五次。加HRP结合的羊抗鼠二抗(Proteintech,1:1000稀释)并在室温下孵育两小时。加TMB显色后,通过450波长的吸收值来检测抗体是否结合sPD-L1。
分泌型sPD-L1(自然形态)ELISA用来进一步澄清抗体对sPD-L1的亲和力。如以前所做,自然形态sPD-L1通过MC38细胞表达和分泌。含有sPD-L1的细胞培养上清opti-培养基被蛋白浓缩柱Centriprep(YM-3,Merck,美国)进一步浓缩。纯化的PD-L1单克隆抗体(0.2μg/孔)4℃过夜包被。表达sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9的MC38细胞培养上清,加100μl/孔。4℃过夜和清洗后,加100μl/0.1μg/孔生物素化的PD-L1抗体(Biolegend,美国),室温下孵育两小时。清洗后加链霉亲和素-HRP(1:20,000,Jackson ImmunoResearch,美国),室温下孵育两小时。加70μl/孔TMB底物成色,随后加35μl/孔1M HCl终止反应。抗体与sPD-L1的结合力通过450波长的吸收值来检测。
细胞结合试验
为了分析PD-L1抗体对PD-L1与PD-1相互作用的影响,MC38细胞分别被转染和表达人源PD-L1和PD-1。按照美国EMD公司的细胞萤光染色标记方法,表达PD-L1的MC38细胞被PKH67标记,而表达PD-1的MC38细胞被PKH26标记。两个不同标记的细胞在有或无PD-L1或同型抗体的条件下共培养一小时。PD-L1抗体对PD-L1与PD-1的相互作用的影响,通过细胞流式进行检测。双阳标记的细胞集群表示PD-L1已与PD-1结合。此外,表达人源PD-L1的MC38细胞被PKH26标记,而表达人源PD-1的MC38细胞被PKH67标记。表达PD-L1而不同标记的MC38细胞共培养,表达PD-1而不同标记的MC38细胞共培养,双阳标记的细胞集群表示非特异性结合(背景对照)。
ADCC检测
通过Promega(美国)提供ADCC Reporter Bioassay试剂盒测量细胞内NF-AT信号通路的活化和萤光素酶的产生,定量检测抗体Fc效应因子功能。在不同浓度的人源/鼠源PD-L1抗体条件下,大约1.25×104/孔表达PD-L1的Raji靶细胞与表达人源FcγRIIIa/鼠源FcγRIV的效应细胞按1:6的比例混合。在细胞培养箱里培养6小时。加75μl/孔Bio-GloTM萤光素酶底物(luciferase assay reagent)并在常温下孵育5至30分钟。通过光度计(Synergy LX,美国)检测发光强度来定量检测抗体Fc的ADCC功能。
抗PD-L1抗体的制备
与PD-L1的泛IgC区段结合的具有高亲和力的抗体通过进行初步抗体生产、纯化和验证获得。
表4本发明的抗PD-L1抗体的重链可变区、HCDR、轻链可变区和LCDR的氨基酸序列
注:VH:重链,VH-CDR:重链可变区;VL:轻链;VL-CDR:轻链可变区。
实施例1抗PD-L1抗体的制备
步骤一:PD-L1/PD-1和PD-L1-泛IgC片段表达细胞株的建立
人源或鼠源PD-L1、PD-1和PD-L2基因模板从北京义翘神州生物公司获得。各基因与基因片段通过基因特异性引物分别进行PCR扩增(如表1所示)。
扩增的PCR产物通过酶切和T4 DNA联结酶插入相同酶切的pcDNA4质粒(Thermofisher,美国)。表达基因与基因片段的pcDNA4质粒载体通过TransT-X2(Mirus,Madson,WI,美国)分别转染入不同的表达宿主细胞,并进行zeocin抗性筛选。其中,含PD-L1表达基因的质粒载体转染入MC38细胞;含PD-L1-泛IgC基因片段的质粒载体转染入CHO-K1细胞和MC38细胞;含PD-L2表达基因的质粒载体转染入MC38细胞;含sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9基因片段的质粒载体均分别转染入MC38细胞;含PD-1表达基因的质粒载体转染入MC38细胞。
PD-L1、PD-1、PD-L2与PD-L1-泛IgC片段高表达细胞株通过细胞分选仪获得。PD-L1、PD-1、PD-L2基因表达的宿主细胞和用途如表2所列。
步骤二:单克隆杂交瘤细胞的制备
以hPD-L1蛋白质和hPD-L1-泛IgC高表达的CHO-K1细胞系为抗原,通过一质粒载体表达PD-L1(氨基酸19-290),或1×105/小鼠CHO-K1细胞表达泛IgC区段(氨基酸132-290)两种方式各免疫5只小鼠。每二周注射免疫一次,共三次。将血清1/100、1/1000、1/10000稀释,用MC38表达PD-L1细胞(阳性细胞),MC38野生型和表达PD-L2细胞(阴性细胞)通过细胞流式来检测小鼠血清中特异性抗体的滴度。选择阳性血清的小鼠进行细胞融合。用细胞ELISA和细胞流式,以及阳性和阴性细胞来检测培养上清抗体的特异性和滴定度。选择合格的母克隆进行亚克隆。通过正反筛选,将特异性阳性细胞,通过三步有限稀释法获得单克隆杂交瘤细胞。将进一步用sPD-L1蛋白检测这些抗体的结合能力,筛选出对sPD-L1亲和力缺失或低下的人源PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体,特别是具有ADCC和CDC功能的鼠IgG2a和IgG2b亚型。
步骤三:抗PD-L1单克隆抗体的制备
单克隆抗体通过单克隆杂交瘤细胞腹腔注摄,腹水制备,蛋白A亲和层析纯化以及内毒素清除获得。
实施例2:PD-L1小鼠单克隆抗体的筛选
通过流式细胞仪筛选与人源PD-L1和泛IgC的结合力强的PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体。MC38细胞分别表达PD-L1和泛IgC做为阳性检测细胞。MC38细胞表达人源PD-L2,和MC38亲本细胞,用做阴性对照。
加小鼠免疫后血清(1:100、1:1000、1:10000)或抗体克隆杂较瘤细胞培养上清液(50μl),或鼠单抗(100ng)标记大约1×105阴性和阳性检测细胞,在4℃下孵育15min。加PBS清洗后,再加PE结合的羊抗鼠抗体(BD biosciences,San Jose,CA,美国)标记,在4℃避光下孵育15min。加PBS清洗后,进行细胞流式检测(NovoCyte,Aceabio,杭州)。
如图3A所示,PD-L1鼠单抗体克隆#130021(R&D systems,美国)只结合泛IgC。PD-L1鼠单抗体克隆#29E.2A3(Biolegend,美国)仅结合PD-L1而不识别泛IgC段,表明它的识别区只在IgV。如图3B所示,通过细胞流式检测,从28个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体中筛选出5个既能结合PD-L1也能识别泛IgC的单克隆抗体,分别是mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23。
实施例3:PD-L1小鼠单克隆抗体对重组蛋白PD-L1抗体的亲和力
通过直接PD-L1蛋白ELISA检测PD-L1抗体与重组蛋白PD-L1的亲和力。重组蛋白PD-L1-3和PD-L1-9由MC38细胞表达。包被50ng PD-L1-3-HIS或PD-L1-9-HIS每孔在具有蛋白高亲和力的96孔板上,在4℃静置过夜。弃上清液,每孔加100ul PBS+吐温20(0.05%)清洗96孔板三次。每孔再加100μl PBS+1%BSA,室温静置4小时。弃上清液后,每孔加50μl抗体克隆杂较瘤细胞培养上清液,在4℃下孵育过夜。弃上清液后,每孔加100μl PBS+吐温20(0.05%)清洗96孔板五次。加HRP结合的羊抗鼠二抗(Proteintech,1:1000稀释)并在室温下孵育两小时。加TMB显色后,通过450波长的吸收值来检测抗体是否结合sPD-L1。通过直接ELISA来检测5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23对重组蛋白PD-L1(rPD-L1)的结合力。
实验结果如图4A所示,5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体都不与PD-L1-3-HIS结合;鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19与PD-L1-9-HIS结合能力最小。
通过细胞流式检测重组蛋白PD-L1-3-HIS(rPD-L1-3-HIS)和PD-L1-9-HIS对5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体的阻断作用。200ng重组蛋白PD-L1-3-HIS(14倍摩尔浓度)或重组蛋白PD-L1-9-HIS(10倍摩尔浓度)分别与100ng PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#4、mAb#11、mAb#15、mAb#19和mAb#23在4℃下预先孵育2小时后,再与表达PD-L1的MC38细胞预孵育30分钟。
实验结果如图4B所示,结果表明:rPD-L1-3-HIS不能阻断5个PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体与PD-L1结合,rPD-L1-9-HIS不能阻断,仅部分抑制PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体mAb#11、mAb#19与细胞上的PD-L1结合。说明鼠单克隆抗体能够规避分泌型的PD-L1-3-HIS,且能够部分规避PD-L1-9-HIS
实施例4:鼠单克隆抗体#19对PD-L1的亲和力
从筛选的5个鼠单克隆抗体中挑选PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19,检测重组蛋白PD-L1-9对鼠单克隆抗体#19结合PD-L1的影响。MC38细胞分别转染和表达人源PD-L1。100ng抗体#19与不同浓度(如图所示)的重组蛋白rPD-L1-9-HIS预先在4℃下孵育2小时后,再与表达PD-L1的MC38细胞孵育30分钟。通过细胞流式分析PD-L1-9-HIS对PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19结合功能的影响。
实验结果如图4C所示,结果表明:重组蛋白PD-L1-9是鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19的摩尔浓度的40倍时,鼠单克隆抗体mAb#19仍然能和PD-L1结合。进一步说明鼠单克隆抗体能够部分规避PD-L1-9-HIS。
通过分泌型sPD-L1间接ELISA检测PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19对自然形态sPD-L1的亲和力。自然形态sPD-L1通过MC38细胞表达和分泌。含有sPD-L1的细胞培养上清opti-培养基被蛋白浓缩柱Centriprep(YM-3,Merck,美国)进一步浓缩。纯化的PD-L1单克隆抗体(0.2μg/孔)4℃过夜包被。加100μl/孔来自于表达sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9的MC38细胞培养上清。4℃过夜和清洗后,加100μl/0.1μg/孔生物素化的PD-L1抗体(Biolegend,美国),室温下孵育两小时。清洗后加链霉亲和素-HRP(1:20,000,Jackson ImmunoResearch,美国),室温下孵育两小时。加70μl/孔TMB底物成色,随后加35μl/孔1M HCl终止反应。抗体与sPD-L1的结合力通过450波长的吸收值来检测。
ELISA检测#19单抗对细胞培养上清含sPD-L1-3与sPD-L1-9(A)、sPD-L1-3(B),或sPD-L1-9(C)的亲和力。Anti-PD-L1total识别sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9,而克隆#130021只结合sPD-L1-9。
实验结果如图5所示,结果表明:PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19特异性识别细胞上人源膜型PD-L1,但不结合自然形态sPD-L1-3,对自然形态sPD-L1-9的亲和力远低于克隆#130021(值得注意在图3A和3B的流式检测中显示此抗体对膜型hPD-L1亲和力非常低下,远弱于PD-L1鼠单克隆抗体#19),即最大限度的规避分泌型sPD-L1(sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9)。
实施例5:小鼠MC38肿瘤模型检测抗体活性
MC38细胞表达人源PD-L1与MC38细胞分泌人源sPD-L1-9按20:1比例混和,大约5×105细胞皮下注射入C57BL/6J小鼠,每组6只。7天后可见肿瘤形成,腹腔注射100μg/鼠同种型抗体或单克隆抗体#19(anti-PD-L1 treatment),抗体治疗分别在肿瘤细胞注射的第7、10、和15天,共三次。定期检测肿瘤大小和小鼠生存率。肿瘤容积=(长×宽2)/2。根据肿瘤大小和存活率评估单克隆抗体#19抗肿瘤作用。
实验结果如图6所示。结果表明:在表达人源PD-L1和sPD-L1的MC38小鼠肿瘤模型上,PD-L1特异性抗体具有抗耐药和抗肿瘤作用。
对比例1:抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对PD-L1与PD-1相互作用的影响。
为了分析PD-L1抗体对PD-L1与PD-1相互作用的影响,MC38细胞分别被转染和表达人源PD-L1和PD-1。按照美国EMD公司的细胞荧光染色标记方法,表达PD-L1的MC38细胞被PKH67标记,而表达PD-1的MC38细胞被PKH26标记。
1.抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对细胞间PD-1与PD-L1相互作用的影响。两个不同标记的细胞在有或无阿特珠单抗或人源IgG1的条件下共培养一小时。不同的抗体浓度如图所示。双阳标记的细胞集群表示PD-L1已与PD-1结合。通过细胞流式进行检测阿特珠单抗对PD-L1与PD-1的相互作用的影响。
实验结果如图7A所示。结果表明:抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗在大于0.1μg/ml浓度时对PD-1与PD-L1有阻断作用。
2.sPD-L1对阿特珠单抗阻断功能的影响。两个不同标记的细胞在有或无1μg/ml阿特珠单抗或rPD-L1-9-HIS的条件下共培养。rPD-L1-9-HIS与抗体浓度比为2.5:1(13倍摩尔浓度)。表达PD-L1的MC38细胞也被PKH26标记,而表达PD-1的MC38细胞也被PKH67标记。表达PD-L1而不同标记的MC38细胞共培养,表达PD-1而不同标记的MC38细胞共培养,双阳标记的细胞集群表示非特异性结合(背景对照)。通过细胞流式检测阿特珠单抗在有或无rPD-L1-9-HIS条件下对细胞相互作用的影响。
实验结果如7B所示。结果表明:在rPD-L1-9-HIS的存在下,阿特珠单抗阻断PD-1与PD-L1相互作用的能力消失。
3.抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对细胞间已结合的PD-1与PD-L1的影响。
两个不同标记的细胞先共培养一小时。然后,在有阿特珠单抗或人源hIgG1的条件下,再共培养一小时。不同抗体浓度和共培养时间如图所示。通过细胞流式检测阿特珠单抗对这两种细胞相互作用的影响。
实验结果如8A所示。结果表明:抗体阿特珠单抗对细胞间已结合的PD-1与PD-L1的阻断作用有限。
对比例2:间接ELISA检测抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗与自然形态的sPD-L1的结合力
通过分泌型sPD-L1的间接ELISA检测抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗与自然形态的sPD-L1的结合力,MC38细胞分别表达sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9。通过ELISA检测阿特珠单抗孵育过的细胞培养上清液中sPD-L1浓度来分析对其结合力。含有sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9无血清细胞培养上清液先与1.5μg/ml阿特珠单抗或人源IgG1过夜孵育(图示ate treated或hIgG1treated),再加蛋白G琼脂糖(Thermo fisher)和离心来去除阿特珠单抗。含有sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9的上清液(图示sPD-L1-3或sPD-L1-9)无任何预先孵育作为阳性对照。BL表示无sPD-L1上清,做为背景对照。
实验结果如图8B所示,结果表明:阿特珠单抗均能与sPD-L1-3和sPD-L1-9结合。
对比例的结果表明一定浓度的抗人源PD-L1抗体阿特珠单抗对PD-1与PD-L1有阻断作用,但因为与自然形态的sPD-L1的结合,会降低阿特珠单抗阻断PD-1与PD-L1相互作用的能力,产生耐药性。
讨论
抗体Fc段与它的受体FcγR相结合。FcγR表达于一系列免疫细胞,如自然杀伤细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和巨核细胞。Fc与FcγR的相互作用对调控ADCC、CDC、抗体代谢和效价起着不可替代的作用。通过分子生物工程在Fc CH2段进行DEL氨基酸置换能显著地增加自然杀伤细胞的功能。
对于阻断型PD-L1抗体Fc在抗肿瘤中所起的作用,研究显示一个PD-L1阻断型抗体(克隆14D8)被置换为不同功能的小鼠Fc段,它们的识别特异性、亲和力、以及代谢动力学特征没有改变,但抗肿瘤作用有统计学意义的差别。如14D8抗体带有IgG2a的Fc(即14D8/IgG2a)可特异性地结合和激活Fc受体,其具有抑制肿瘤生长的功能;结合抑制性FcγR受体的14D8/IgG1抗体,和失去Fc受体的结合能力的14D8/IgG1-D265A抗体,这两种抗体在统计学上丧失了肿瘤抑制作用。另外,相对于野生型小鼠,在缺失激活性FcγRs而保留抑制性FcγRIIb的小鼠肿瘤模型中,另一阻断型PD-L1抗体(克隆10F.9G2)的抗肿瘤作用有显著意义的减弱。在鼠肿瘤模型中,该抗体被广泛应用于抗肿瘤的机理研究。这些研究表明,在抗肿瘤方面,阻断型PD-L1抗体的关键作用可能在于其Fc诱导的ADCC/CDC活性;另一方面也表明阻断型PD-L1抗体的通过阻断PD-L1与PD-1相互作用来达到抗肿瘤作用非常有限。
单抗130021、#4、#15和#23结合细胞上膜型PD-L1的能力弱于#19,但结合sPD-L1-9(胞外全长)的能力强于#19。这表明与细胞上膜型PD-L1的亲和力不决定对sPD-L1的泛IgC区的结合力,反之亦然。此外,细胞上的膜型与分泌型蛋白的三级结构可能不完全一样。实验结果提示,抗体对这两种类型的目标蛋白的亲和力产生差异,可能为治疗sPD-L1分泌型耐药性肿瘤提供有利机会。
基于分泌型sPD-L1这一耐药机理和它们的氨基酸序列特点,以及PD-L1的Fc在抗肿瘤中所起的的关键性作用,发明人设计一个全新的抗原表位并用做免疫原和筛选PD-L1特异性单克隆抗体,它针对PD-L1的IgC功能区段。而且,它最大限度地规避sPD-L1,增强Fc的ADCC/CDC活性,并具有抗肿瘤作用。这对治疗分泌sPD-L1而产生对阻断型PD-L1抗体耐药的肿瘤和联合用药提供一可选择的途径或方案,并对改善肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效有潜在意义。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
序列表
<110> 锋宏生物医药科技(昆山)有限公司
<120> 抗PD-L1抗体及其用途
<130> P2020-1261
<160> 19
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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<212> DNA
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gcgtcggcta gcgccaccat gaggatattt gctgtct 37
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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gcgtcgctcg agttaatctc cactcaggac ttg 33
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial sequence)
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gcgtcggcta gcgccaccat gcagatccca caggcgc 37
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gcgtcggcta gcgccaccat gatcttcctc ctgctaatg 39
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gcgccactcg agtcagatag cactgttcac ttc 33
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Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala
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Val Ile Pro Glu Leu Pro Leu Ala His Pro Pro Asn Glu Arg Thr His
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Leu Val Ile Leu Gly Ala Ile Leu Leu Cys Leu Gly Val Ala Leu Thr
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Glu Thr
290
Claims (19)
1.一种PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,其特征在于,所述抗体不阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,并且所述抗体特异性结合于PD-L1的泛IgC区段,且具有诱导ADCC/CDC功能效应的活性;包含:
(a)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:16所示的LCDR1、SEQ ID NO:17所示的LCDR2、SEQ ID NO:18所示的LCDR3;以及
(b)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示的HCDR1、SEQ ID NO:13所示的HCDR2和SEQ IDNO:14所示的HCDR3;
其中,所述抗体特异性结合于PD-L1的泛IgC区段。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,所述的抗体对可溶性PD-L1蛋白不结合或亲和力低下。
3.如权利要求1所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,其特征在于,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段包含重链可变区域或轻链可变区域,所述重链可变区的多肽序列与SEQ ID NO:11至少95%相同,所述轻链可变区的多肽序列与SEQ ID NO:15至少95%相同。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,包含:具有SEQ ID NO:11所示多肽序列的重链可变区,和具有SEQ ID NO:15所示多肽序列的轻链可变区。
5.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,其特征在于,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段是嵌合的。
6.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,其特征在于,所述PD-L1抗体或其活性片段是人源化的。
7.一种重组蛋白,其特征在于,所述的重组蛋白具有:
(i)如权利要求1-6任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段;以及
(ii)任选的协助表达和/或纯化的标签序列。
8.一种多核苷酸,其特征在于,编码权利要求1-6中任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,或权利要求7所述的重组蛋白。
9.一种载体,其特征在于,它含有权利要求8所述的多核苷酸。
10.一种遗传工程化的宿主细胞,其特征在于,它含有如权利要求9所述的载体或基因组中整合有权利要求8所述的多核苷酸。
11.一种免疫偶联物,其特征在于,该免疫偶联物含有:
(a)如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段;和
(b)选自下组的偶联部分:可检测标记物、药物、毒素、细胞因子或酶。
12.如权利要求11所述的免疫偶联物,其特征在于,所述可检测标记物为放射性核素。
13.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有:
(a)编码权利要求1-6中任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段,或如权利要求7所述的重组蛋白,或如权利要求11所述的免疫偶联物;以及
(b)药学上可接受的载体。
14.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗PD-L1阳性的肿瘤的药物,所述的肿瘤选自下组:膀胱癌、脑癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、白血病、肺癌、黑色素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓衍生肿瘤、甲状腺癌、或其组合。
15.如权利要求14所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述脑癌为低度胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤;所述肾癌为肾细胞癌、肾盂癌症;所述肺癌为非小细胞肺癌;所述白血病为急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓系白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、慢性粒细胞白血病。
16.如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物可与另一种肿瘤免疫治疗联用,包括但不限于:化疗、抗CD20 mAb、抗TIM-3mAb、抗LAG-3mAb、抗CD73 mAb、抗CD47mAb、抗DLL3 mAb、抗FRmAb mAb、抗CTLA-4抗体、抗OX40抗体、抗CD137抗体、抗PD-1抗体、PD-1/PD-L1治疗、其他免疫肿瘤药物、抗血管生成剂、放射治疗、抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)、靶向治疗或其他抗癌药物。
17.一种权利要求1-6中任一项所述的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段在制备用于治疗PD-L1阳性肿瘤的药物中的应用,其中所述的肿瘤选自下组:膀胱癌、脑癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、白血病、肺癌、黑色素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、纤维肉瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓衍生肿瘤、甲状腺癌、或其组合。
18.如权利要求17所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑癌为低度胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤;所述肾癌为肾细胞癌、肾盂癌症;所述肺癌为非小细胞肺癌;所述白血病为急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓系白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、慢性粒细胞白血病。
19.一种检测PD-L1的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒含有选自下组的一种或多种:如权利要求1-6中任一项的PD-L1抗体或其活性片段、如权利要求11所述的免疫偶联物,或如权利要求13所述的药物组合物,以及说明书。
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