CN114309402B - High-temperature alloy difficult to deform and forging method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature alloy difficult to deform and forging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309402B CN114309402B CN202111642597.6A CN202111642597A CN114309402B CN 114309402 B CN114309402 B CN 114309402B CN 202111642597 A CN202111642597 A CN 202111642597A CN 114309402 B CN114309402 B CN 114309402B
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Abstract
The invention provides a difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy and a forging method thereof, wherein the forging method of the difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy sequentially comprises the following steps: heating steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, turning and checking. According to the invention, the special body jaw is forged, the forging deformation process is optimized, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the refractory superalloy product are improved, so that the yield of the refractory superalloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging production, and particularly relates to a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform and a forging method thereof.
Background
The difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy has large high-temperature deformation resistance and poor high-temperature plasticity due to narrower deformation temperature window, and is easy to crack in the forging process. The finished alloy often exhibits an abnormal grain structure, which is affected by the properties of the alloy. Often, the forging is finished at one end, the temperature is reduced beyond the window, and the forging is continued after the temperature is reset, so that the phenomenon of empty burning at one end exists, the head is uneven in structure, and the defect detection quality is sometimes shown. Therefore, a good jaw is forged, so that the forging efficiency can be improved, the flaw detection quality can be improved, and the uniformity of head and tail tissues can be improved. The traditional forging jaw R angle radian is large, concentricity with the material is poor, so that the product loss is overlarge, the smooth proceeding of later forging is influenced, and bending and even S-shaped bending can occur.
Based on the method, the special body jaw is forged and the forging deformation process is optimized, so that the purposes of reducing product waste and improving product quality are achieved. Moreover, through literature search and patent query, no article is currently mentioned concerning low-loss, high-quality forging of superalloys through special body jaws.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a difficult-to-deform superalloy and a forging method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of overlarge product loss and poor quality in the conventional forging of the difficult-to-deform superalloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a forging method of a refractory superalloy comprises the following steps in sequence: heating steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, turning and checking.
In the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, in the preparing process of the fixture, the fixture comprises a forging anvil, a cutting knife and a falling piece; preferably, the tooling preparation procedure is operated by installing the tooling on a tooling rail of a quick forging machine; more preferably, the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises an forging anvil, a chopping knife and a falling knife from inside to outside according to the first visual angle of an operator.
In the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, in the pre-forging step, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is required by the deformation ratio according to the forging finished product technical standard; preferably, if not specified in the forging finished product technical standard, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is ensured to be more than or equal to 33 percent.
In the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, the jaw forging procedure is operated by calculating the material length, taking the mark of the material length from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting out marks by a chopper; preferably, the marking is cut with a knife around the pre-opened blank.
In the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, in the jaw forging process, the forged jaw size is consistent with the finished product polishing front size.
As an alternative embodiment, the cutting nipper procedure is determined as on-line hot cutting or off-line cold cutting according to practical conditions.
According to the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, when a sample needs to be forged, the sample is cut off on line after calculation and is forged after being returned to the furnace with a jaw; when the forging sample is not needed, the flaw is removed after the offline flaw detection positioning.
In the forging method of the refractory superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, the forming process is operated by forging a finished product in the same direction by using a rapid forging machine clamping jaw.
According to the forging method of the difficult-to-deform superalloy, as an alternative embodiment, the finished product is a difficult-to-deform superalloy round rod; preferably, the diameter of the difficult-to-deform superalloy round rod is in the range of 200-450mm.
The invention also provides the difficult-to-deform superalloy forged by the forging method of the difficult-to-deform superalloy.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the invention, the special body jaw is forged, the forging deformation process is optimized, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the refractory superalloy product are improved, so that the yield of the refractory superalloy is improved. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to add special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform organization and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional manufacturing method forging jaw;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of forging jaws of step 4 of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention provides a low-loss and high-quality forging method for a refractory superalloy (the characteristics of high-temperature deformation resistance, poor high-temperature plasticity, easiness in cracking and the like) in a quick forging machine, and the refractory superalloy product with ideal flaw detection quality and microstructure can be obtained by forging a special body jaw, so that the product loss can be reduced, and the head-tail tissue difference of the product can be eliminated. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to add special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform organization and the like.
The high-temperature alloy is a high-temperature metal alloy material which works for a long time under the conditions of 760-1500 ℃ and a certain stress.
In order to effectively reduce product loss, improve yield, obtain good flaw detection quality and uniform austenite grain structure, the invention improves the forging efficiency of the product by forging a special body jaw with low loss, and finally obtains a finished ring. The method specifically comprises the following steps: heating steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming materials, cutting the jaw, turning and checking.
The specific operation of the steel ingot heating procedure is to put a consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the technological requirements for steel ingot heating, wherein the heating temperature and the heating time are determined according to specific alloy types, and the heating temperature and the heating time of each alloy are different.
The specific operation of the tool preparation procedure is that the tools such as the forging anvil, the chopping knife, the falling knife and the like are prepared completely, and compared with the traditional production mode, the tool preparation method has the advantage that the chopping knife is added as a necessary tool. The tooling is then mounted to the tooling rail of the quick forging machine. As a preferable scheme, the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises a forging anvil, a chopping knife and a falling knife from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator, and the forging anvil is placed at the innermost side, so that the operator can have a good visual angle in the forging process; the chopping knife is arranged close to the forging anvil, so that the periphery of the jaw is convenient and rapid to cut and print.
In the pre-blank opening procedure, blank size is required to ensure the technical standard of the forged finished product or potential deformation ratio requirements, if the technical standard of the forged finished product does not provide requirements on the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirements are derived according to indexes such as performance, and the forged deformation ratio of the finished product refers to the potential deformation ratio requirements.
As a preferable scheme, if the forging deformation ratio is not specified in the forging finished product technical standard, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is more than or equal to 33 percent.
The jaw forging process is specifically performed by calculating the length of the material, taking a mark of the length of the material from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting out the mark with a chopper.
Preferably, the marking is cut with a knife around the pre-opened blank.
More preferably, the chop knife is used for cutting marks with the same depth around the pre-opened blank, so that R-angle cutting slope does not appear when the jaw is forged, and the concentric shaft of the jaw and the blank is good. Wherein the depth of the imprint is set in the range of 30-40mm (e.g. 30mm, 32mm, 34mm, 36mm, 38mm or 40 mm).
In the jaw forging process, the forged jaw size is consistent with the finished product polishing front size.
The operation of the forming process is that after the tempering, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp a jaw, the finished product is forged along the same direction, and the refractory high-temperature alloy is rapidly subjected to temperature robbing forging within a smaller temperature window (less than or equal to 150 ℃). When the temperature of the steel ingot or billet is reduced to 150 ℃ below the heating temperature, various quality problems such as surface cracks, extremely bad grains, unqualified structure, core cracks and the like can occur if the forging is continued.
As a preferred embodiment, a rapid forging machine is used for clamping the jaw, and forging is always carried out from the jaw end to the non-jaw end. The clamping jaws are forged in the same direction, so that material waste can be reduced, and uniformity of head and tail tissues can be guaranteed.
And determining the jaw cutting procedure as online hot cutting or offline cold cutting according to actual conditions.
As a preferred embodiment, when a separate forged sample (such as a 90mm square sample) is required, the sample is precisely calculated and cut off in-line, and returned to the furnace with a jaw for rewarming and then forged.
As another preferred embodiment, when a separate forging sample is not needed, the test sample is cut off after the on-line flaw detection positioning.
The polishing process and the inspection process are carried out according to corresponding standard requirements, namely, the polishing operation is carried out on the forged bar according to the standard requirements; the checking procedure is to check each physicochemical index according to standard requirements.
The invention finally obtains the ideal refractory superalloy finished product which is the refractory superalloy round rod through the working procedures.
The diameter of the difficult-to-deform superalloy round rod is in the range of 200-450mm (such as 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm or 450 mm).
The invention reduces loss, improves product quality and eliminates head-tail tissue deviation in the forging process, and the technical principle is as follows: the refractory superalloy requires "robbed forging" within a temperature window. In the traditional forging process, "turning around" means that one end of the bar is forged first, after the forging is finished, turning around by using a crown block or a trackless vehicle, and then forging the other end. In the process, the production efficiency is certainly affected, and for difficult-to-deform alloys, the quality of products is more important, because the temperature of bars is inconsistent during two-end forging. Both the forging efficiency and the forging quality are affected. The bar material must be repeatedly subjected to straight bending removal, straightening and the like in the forging process of the bent bar material. These operations all affect forging efficiency and forging quality. According to the invention, marks with the same depth are cut on the periphery by utilizing the chopper before forging the jaw, then an R-angle slope cannot appear when forging the jaw, and meanwhile, the concentric shafts of the jaw and the blank are good, and the clamping jaw is forged in the same direction, so that the material waste can be reduced, and the uniformity of head and tail tissues can be ensured.
The refractory superalloy and the forging method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment 1 of the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 265mm rod, and the manufacturing process of phi 250mm after polishing is carried out, so that the specification of the required finished product is as follows: phi 250mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: the self-consumption steel ingot with the diameter of 638mm is placed into a heating furnace according to the process requirement to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5h, and the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.05; si:0.04; mn:0.02; cr:14.56; ni: the balance of; mo:2.97; p:0.003; s:0.001; al:1.70; ti:2.65; nb:2.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling knife and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the falling knife from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4698 alloy ingot phi 638mm was subjected to multiple firings to pre-bloom to 350mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (round corner square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (350×350) - (265×265×3.14/4) ]/(350×350) =55%.
Step 4: jaw forging: the calculation requires a cut print length, [ (265×265×3.14/4) ×400 ]/(350×350) =180 mm. And taking 180mm marks from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks around the blank by using a chopper, wherein the cutting depth is 35mm.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after the furnace is returned to temperature, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp the jaw, and forging is carried out in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into sixteen angles of 280mm, then entering into a milling machine, and milling into circles to form phi 265mm.
Step 6: cutting jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to forge a 90 square-mm square sample, so that flaw detection, positioning and cutting under a jaw line are realized.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 265mm forged bars were finished to phi 250mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162) and even head and tail tissues.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 2
In the embodiment 2 of the invention, a GH4141 alloy phi 508mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 265mm rod, and the manufacturing process of phi 250mm after polishing is finished, so that the specification of the required finished product is as follows: phi 250mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: the phi 508mm consumable steel ingot is placed into a heating furnace according to the process requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, and the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.08; si:0.03; mn:0.03; cr:19.03; ni: the balance of; mo:9.71; p:0.002; s:0.001; al:1.54; ti:3.14; co:11.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.44.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, the tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling seed and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine; the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises an forging anvil, a chopping knife and a falling seed from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4141 alloy phi 508mm ingot was subjected to multiple firings pre-bloom to 380mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (round corner square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (380×380) - (265×265×3.14/4) ]/(380×380) =61.82%.
Step 4: jaw forging: the calculation requires a cut print length, [ (265×265×3.14/4) ×400 ]/(380×380) =152 mm. The marking is measured from the end of the pre-opened blank by 152mm, and then the marking is cut around by a chopper with the cutting depth of 45mm.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after the furnace is returned to temperature, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp the jaw, and forging is carried out in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into sixteen angles of 280mm, then entering into a milling machine, and milling into circles to form phi 265mm.
Step 6: cutting jaw: the GH4141 alloy contract needs to forge a 90mm square sample independently, so that a jaw is cut off by a chopper on line, and the 90mm square sample is forged after rewarming.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 265mm forged bars were finished to phi 250mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162) and even head and tail tissues.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 3
In the embodiment 3 of the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 315mm rod, and the manufacturing process of phi 300mm after polishing is carried out, so that the specification of the required finished product is as follows: phi 300mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: and (3) placing the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the technological requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours. Wherein, the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.05; si:0.04; mn:0.02; cr:14.56; ni: the balance of; mo:2.97; p:0.003; s:0.001; al:1.70; ti:2.65; nb:2.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling knife and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the falling knife from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4698 alloy ingot phi 638mm was subjected to multiple firings to pre-bloom to 400mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to 400mm square (fillet square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (400×400) - (315×315×3.14/4) ]/(400×400) =51%.
Step 4: jaw forging: the calculation requires a cut print length, [ (315×315×3.14/4) ×400 ]/(400×400) =195 mm. Marking by taking 195mm from the end of the pre-opened blank, and cutting marks around by using a chopper with the cutting depth of 35mm.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after the furnace is returned to temperature, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp the jaw, and forging is carried out in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into sixteen angles of 320mm, then entering into a milling machine, and milling into circles to form phi 315mm.
Step 6: cutting jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to forge a 90 square-mm square sample, so that flaw detection, positioning and cutting under a jaw line are realized.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 315mm forged bars were finished to phi 300mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162) and even head and tail tissues.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Example 4
In the embodiment 4 of the invention, a GH4141 alloy phi 508mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 295mm rod, and the required finished product has the specification: phi 280mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: and (3) placing the phi 508mm consumable steel ingot into a heating furnace according to the technological requirements to heat the steel ingot, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours. Wherein, the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.08; si:0.03; mn:0.03; cr:19.03; ni: the balance of; mo:9.71; p:0.002; s:0.001; al:1.54; ti:3.14; co:11.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.44.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, the tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling seed and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine; the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises an forging anvil, a chopping knife and a falling seed from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4141 alloy phi 508mm ingot was subjected to multiple firings pre-bloom to 410mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 410mm square (round corner square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (410×410) - (295×295×3.14/4) ]/(410×410) = 59.36%.
Step 4: jaw forging: the calculation requires a cut print length, [ (295×295×3.14/4) ×400 ]/(410×410) =163 mm. 163mm marks are measured from the end of the pre-opened blank, and then marks are cut around by a chopper, wherein the cutting depth is 45mm.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after the furnace is returned to temperature, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp the jaw, and forging is carried out in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging to obtain 305mm sixteen angles, then feeding into a cutter, and rounding to obtain phi 295mm.
Step 6: cutting jaw: the GH4141 alloy contract needs to forge a 90mm square sample independently, so that a jaw is cut off by a chopper on line, and the 90mm square sample is forged after rewarming.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 295mm forged bars were finished to phi 280mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162) and even head and tail tissues.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform.
Comparative example 1
According to the invention, a GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot is used for producing a phi 265mm rod in comparative example 1, and the required specification of a finished product is obtained in the manufacturing process of phi 250mm after lighting: phi 250mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot is placed into a heating furnace according to the process requirements to heat the steel ingot, and the heating temperature is as follows: 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is as follows: 3-5 hours. Wherein, the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.05; si:0.04; mn:0.02; cr:14.56; ni: the balance of; mo:2.97; p:0.003; s:0.001; al:1.70; ti:2.65; nb:2.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling knife and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the falling knife from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4698 alloy ingot phi 638mm was subjected to multiple firings to pre-bloom to 350mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (round corner square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (350×350) - (265×265×3.14/4) ]/(350×350) =55%.
Step 4: forging the common jaw: the body length required for forging jaws was calculated, [ (265 x 3.14/4) ×400 ]/(350 x 350) =180 mm. And measuring 180mm long forged phi 265mm jaws from the end head of the pre-opened blank, wherein the actual jaw length is 400mm, and the jaw and the body transition inclined plane are 150mm. In comparative example 1, the yield was reduced by 2% -3%.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after the furnace is returned to temperature, a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp the jaw, and forging is carried out in one direction from the jaw end to the non-jaw end all the time. Forging into sixteen angles of 280mm, then entering into a milling machine, and milling into circles to form phi 265mm.
Step 6: cutting jaw: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to forge a 90 square-mm square sample, so that flaw detection, positioning and cutting under a jaw line are realized.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 265mm forged bars were finished to phi 250mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: the head and tail tissues of the flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162) are uniform.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform. The yield was 2% -3% lower than in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 of the present invention uses GH4698 alloy phi 638mm consumable ingot to produce phi 265mm rod, phi 250mm manufacturing process after lighting, specification of required finished product: phi 250mm. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: charging steel ingot: the phi 638mm consumable steel ingot is placed into a heating furnace according to the process requirements to heat the steel ingot, and the heating temperature is as follows: 1140-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is as follows: 3-5 hours. Wherein, the mass percentages of the elements of the steel ingot are as follows: c:0.05; si:0.04; mn:0.02; cr:14.56; ni: the balance of; mo:2.97; p:0.003; s:0.001; al:1.70; ti:2.65; nb:2.07; cu:0.02; fe:0.54.
step 2: preparing a tool: before the production of the 45MN quick forging machine, tools such as a forging anvil, a chopping knife, a falling knife and the like must be prepared completely and installed on a tool track of the quick forging machine, and the tool installation sequence sequentially comprises the forging anvil, the chopping knife and the falling knife from inside to outside according to a first visual angle of an operator.
Step 3: pre-cogging: a GH4698 alloy ingot phi 638mm was subjected to multiple firings to pre-bloom to 350mm square (fillet square). In the standard, no requirement is provided for the deformation ratio of the finished product, the potential deformation ratio requirement is derived according to indexes such as performance and the like, and the pre-cogging is designed to be 350mm square (round corner square). The actual reserved finished product deformation ratio is as follows: [ (350×350) - (265×265×3.14/4) ]/(350×350) =55%.
Step 4: the jaw is not forged, and the U-turn mode is adopted for forging.
Step 5: and (3) forming: after re-heating, forging by a quick forging machine, namely forging the head end, turning around by a rail-free car or a crown block, and forging the tail end. Forging into sixteen angles of 280mm, and respectively rounding two ends of the rear-entering drop to form phi 265mm.
Step 6: the GH4698 alloy contract does not need to forge a 90 square-mm square sample, so that the flaw detection, positioning and cutting end head is used for offline flaw detection. Comparative example 1, a large number of cracks were generated on the surface.
Step 7: and (3) vehicle lighting: phi 265mm forged bars were finished to phi 250mm according to standard requirements.
Step 8: and (3) checking: checking according to standard requirements. The test results were: the flaw detection method comprises the steps of a head flaw detection grade A (GB/T4162), a tail flaw detection grade B (GB/T4162) and clutter display.
Step 9: and (5) forging the high-temperature alloy finished product difficult to deform. The yield was 2% -3% lower than in example 1.
To sum up: according to the invention, through forging the special body jaw and optimizing the forging deformation process, the product loss is reduced, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the flaw detection quality and the head-tail tissue uniformity of the refractory superalloy product are improved, so that the yield of the refractory superalloy is improved. Compared with the traditional production mode, the forging method does not need to add special equipment and tools, and has the characteristics of simple and effective operation method, low loss, uniform organization and the like.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The forging method of the refractory superalloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: heating steel ingot, preparing a tool, pre-cogging, forging a jaw, forming a material, cutting the jaw, turning and checking;
the jaw forging procedure is operated by calculating the length of the material, taking the mark of the length of the material from the end head of the pre-opened blank, and cutting out marks on the periphery of the pre-opened blank by using a chopper;
the working procedure of the lumber is that a rapid forging machine is adopted to clamp a jaw to forge a finished product along the same direction; the finished product is a high-temperature alloy round bar which is difficult to deform.
2. The method for forging a refractory superalloy according to claim 1, wherein the tooling comprises an anvil, a chopper and a punch in the tooling preparation step.
3. The forging method of a refractory superalloy according to claim 2 wherein the tooling preparation step is operated by mounting the tooling on a tooling rail of a rapid forging machine.
4. A method of forging a refractory superalloy as recited in claim 3, wherein the tooling sequence is anvil, chopper and punch in order from inside to outside according to the first perspective of the operator.
5. The forging method of a refractory superalloy according to claim 2 wherein in the pre-blanking step, the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is required with reference to the forging deformation ratio of the finished product.
6. The forging method of a refractory superalloy according to claim 5 wherein the forging deformation ratio of the finished product is ensured to be 33% or more if not specified in the forging finished product specifications.
7. The method for forging a refractory superalloy according to claim 1 wherein in the jaw forging step, the jaw size of the forging is the same as the finished product pre-polished size.
8. The forging method of a refractory superalloy according to claim 1 wherein the cutting jaw process is defined as either on-line hot cutting or off-line cold cutting depending on the actual situation.
9. The forging method of a refractory superalloy according to claim 8 wherein when a specimen is desired to be forged, the specimen is computed and cut off in-line and returned to the furnace with jaws for reheating and then forged;
when the forging sample is not needed, the flaw is removed after the offline flaw detection positioning.
10. The forging method for a refractory superalloy according to claim 1 wherein the diameter of the refractory superalloy round rod is in the range of 200-450mm.
11. A difficult-to-deform superalloy wrought by the method for forging a difficult-to-deform superalloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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