CN114307363B - An automatic backwash centrifugal-sand-gravel integrated filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic backwashing centrifugation-sand integrated filter; wherein the sand filter is arranged in the center, and the centrifugal filters on the same horizontal plane are uniformly arranged outside the sand filter; an outlet at the top of the centrifugal filter is connected with the top of the sand filter tank body through a sand conveying pipe; an additional opening is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical part of the centrifugal filter so as to be connected with the lower part of the sand filter tank body through a sand discharge pipe and a filter material outlet electromagnetic valve; the uppermost main water inlet pipe is connected with the sand filter through a water inlet three-way electromagnetic valve and a sand filter water inlet pipe, the other outlet of the water inlet three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with a volute-shaped water delivery pipe which is horizontally arranged, and the inner side of the volute-shaped water delivery pipe is connected with a water inlet of the centrifugal filter through a centrifugal filter water inlet pipe. The invention establishes a centrifugal-sand back-flushing operation mode of the heterogeneous filter layer, and the centrifugal filter is a sand filter layer particle which is cleaned and then re-arranged according to the particle size.

Description

An automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of combination of various filters, in particular to an automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter.

Background technique

The development of Yellow River water drip irrigation technology for agricultural irrigation has become one of the effective ways to alleviate the global water resource shortage. Due to the problems of high cement sand concentration, fine particle size and high microbial concentration in the Yellow River, sand and gravel filters are considered to be the most suitable for primary filtration. One of the best choices. At present, the internal filter layer of the sand filter is mostly homogeneous filter material, and the clogging substances are mainly accumulated on the upper layer of the filter medium, so that the filter medium cannot fully exert its filtering capacity of the filter layer, and its filter particle size range is large. However, the removal efficiency is low; if the heterogeneous filter material is used as the medium, the removal efficiency can be effectively improved, but the multi-layer particle size discharge sequence cannot be restored after backwashing by the current backwashing structure.

At the same time, the centrifugal filter can be separated according to the particle size and density. It is also suitable for the separation of different particle sizes of the Yellow River water, and the removal efficiency is high. it is good. Therefore, it is possible to consider combining the centrifugal filter with the sand filter with heterogeneous filter material as the medium, and jointly improve the particle size separation range of the centrifugal filter and the sediment removal efficiency of the sand filter, and develop a heterogeneous The automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter of high-quality filter material is of great significance to the promotion of the Yellow River water drip irrigation technology.

At present, the Yellow River water is mainly filtered in the form of various filter combinations such as sand and gravel, centrifugal, and laminated sheets. However, many experts and scholars have proposed an integrated filter for the Yellow River water filtration. For example: Yang Peiling and others filed a patent application in China In the invention patent No. ZL201710812507.0, a "sand-screen" integrated filter and combined filter system is proposed. The sand filter is set on the upper part of the tank body, and the mesh filter is set on the bottom of the tank body. In the lower part, there is a divider between the gravel filter and the net filter, and they are washed separately during backwashing without affecting each other, which improves the backwashing effect of the integrated filter. Xinjiang Tianye (Group) Co., Ltd. proposed a backwash combined filter in the utility model patent with the Chinese patent application number ZL200520133926.4. A centrifugal filter tank is installed inside the sand filter, and its normal filtration is through centrifugal filtration. After the filter, it enters the sand filter, and the sand filter has a backwash structure. However, at present, sand and gravel filters are considered to use homogeneous media, and they have not been able to realize the backwashing of heterogeneous filter materials of sand and gravel filters, and have not considered the combination of centrifugal filters and sand and gravel filters, and have not achieved separation efficiency and effective Synergistic improvement of filter particle size range.

Therefore, the present invention proposes an automatic backwash centrifugal-sand integrated filter for the Yellow River water drip irrigation system, which uses a brand-new centrifugal-sand integrated filter structure configuration and backwash structure, and the normal filter working condition Next, according to the two-stage filtration mode of coarse filtration of the centrifugal filter and fine filtration of the gravel filter, under backwashing conditions, the centrifugal filter cleans the particles in the inner filter layer of the sand filter, and the operating pressure of the centrifugal filter is changed to achieve Centrifugal separation particles enter the sand filter from small to large to form a filter layer structure, which solves the problem of particle size distribution changes after backwashing with non-uniform particle sizes.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides an automatic backwash centrifugal-sand integrated filter, which is characterized in that it includes: a three-way solenoid valve at the water inlet, a sand filter inlet pipe, a sand collection tank row Sand solenoid valve, sand filter, centrifugal filter inlet pipe, centrifugal filter, filter material outlet solenoid valve, drain hole, sand filter drain pipe, sand filter water outlet valve, sand discharge pipe and sand delivery The sand filter is arranged in the center, and several centrifugal filters on the same horizontal plane are evenly arranged on the outside of the sand filter; the outlet at the top of the centrifugal filter is connected to the top of the sand filter tank through a sand delivery pipe; Additional openings are provided on the side wall of the cylindrical part of the centrifugal filter to connect with the lower part of the sand filter tank through the sand discharge pipe and the filter material outlet solenoid valve; the bottom of the sand filter tank is provided with a sand filter. The drain pipe of the gravel filter, and the water outlet valve of the gravel filter is installed on the drain pipe of the gravel filter;

The uppermost main water inlet pipe is connected to the gravel filter through the three-way solenoid valve at the water inlet and the sandstone filter inlet pipe, and the other outlet of the three-way solenoid valve at the water inlet is connected to the horizontally arranged volute-shaped water pipe, The inner side of the shaped water pipe is connected to the water inlet of the centrifugal filter through the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe; the volume of the cone section of all the centrifugal filters is greater than the filter layer volume of the sand filter;

The sand filter is installed with: hollow rod, hollow impeller scraper blade and scraper driving water hole, wherein the hollow rod is rotatably installed in the sand filter and is collinear with the axis of the sand filter tank; the hollow rod The upper end is connected with the water inlet pipe of the sand filter, and there are several rows of drainage holes along the axis direction at the lower part of the hollow rod. A hollow impeller scraper blade is fixed outside each row of drainage holes, and each hollow impeller scraper blade is fixed on the same side of the blade. There are scraper-driven water holes evenly opened.

The total number of the centrifugal filters is 3-12.

The distance between each centrifugal filter and the gravel filter is equal.

The annular volute-shaped water delivery pipe is collinear with the cylindrical tank body axis of the sand filter; the length and inclination angle of the water inlet pipes of each centrifugal filter are equal.

The particle size distribution of the internal filter material of the sand filter is 0.27mm-0.83mm, and the particle size of the filter material gradually decreases from top to bottom.

When the sand filter is in the backwash state, the filter material is discharged into the centrifugal filter, and then the filter material is returned to the sand filter by the centrifugal filter; a complete small particle size is formed in the lower large particle size Different particle size filter layer structure on the top.

In the process of returning the filter material from the centrifugal filter to the sand filter; the working pressure of the centrifugal filter decreases with the increase of backwashing time.

The lower part of the hollow rod is also provided with multiple rows of hollow rod drainage driving holes along the axial direction.

The number of rows of the hollow rod drainage driving holes is equal to that of the hollow impeller scraper blades, and each row is arranged alternately.

The lower part of the centrifugal filter is connected with the sand collection tank through the sand collection tank sand discharge electromagnetic valve.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Through the opening and closing cooperation of different valves, the secondary filtration mode of the coarse filtration of the centrifugal filter and the fine filtration of the sand filter is established, and the centrifugal-sand backwashing operation mode of the heterogeneous filter layer is established. The centrifugal filter is sand After the filter layer particles of the stone filter are cleaned, the filter layer is rearranged according to the particle size.

2. Arrange multiple centrifugal filters at equal intervals around the sand filter to ensure the separation efficiency of the filter layer particles; the control criterion is the volume of the cone section of all centrifugal filters and the volume of the filter layer larger than the sand filter.

3. Developed the hollow impeller scraper blade structure of the sand filter based on hydraulic drive; the sand screen plate close to the sand filter from above rotates under the condition of hydraulic drive to discharge the particles inside the filter layer into the centrifugal filter , to ensure the particle size cleaning and reordering process inside the centrifugal filter.

4. Developed a sand filter backwash structure based on a centrifugal filter; established an operating mode in which the operating pressure of the centrifugal filter gradually decreases as time increases, so that the particle size changes from small to large and returns to the sand from the centrifugal filter overflow port In the filter, the required filter layer arrangement is formed, which fills the gap of the backwash structure in the heterogeneous sediment and gravel filter.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a filter structure schematic diagram of an automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the elevation view of the filter of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of Fig. 2 at A-A section;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 3 in area B;

Fig. 5 is a top view of a filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Among them, 1. Water inlet three-way solenoid valve, 2. Sand filter inlet pipe, 3. Sand collection tank sand discharge solenoid valve 1, 4. Sand filter, 5. Hollow rod, 6. Centrifugal filter inlet pipe , 7. Centrifugal filter, 8. Filter material outlet solenoid valve, 9. Drain hole, 10. Sand filter drain pipe, 11. Sand filter water purification outlet valve, 12. Hollow impeller scraper blade, 13. Row Sand pipe, 14. gravel dividing plate, 15. sand delivery pipe, 16. shell, 17. volute water delivery pipe, 51. hollow rod drainage drive hole, 123. scraper drive water hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment of the present invention as shown in Fig. 1 includes: water inlet three-way solenoid valve 1, sand filter water inlet pipe 2, sand collection tank sand discharge solenoid valve 3, sand stone filter 4, centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6 , centrifugal filter 7, filter material outlet solenoid valve 8, drainage hole 9, sand filter drainage pipe 10, sand filter water purification outlet valve 11, sand discharge pipe 13 and sand delivery pipe 15, wherein the sand filter 4. Arranged in the center, several centrifugal filters 7 at the same horizontal plane as the distance from the gravel filter 4 are disposed on the outside of the gravel filter 4, and the centrifugal filters 7 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the gravel filter 4; The outlet at the top of the centrifugal filter 7 is connected to the top of the sand filter 4 tank body through the sand delivery pipe 15; the side wall of the cylindrical part of the centrifugal filter 7 is provided with an additional opening to pass through the sand discharge pipe 13 and the outlet of the filter material. Solenoid valve 8 is connected with the bottom of sandstone filter 4 tanks; the bottom of centrifugal filter 7 is connected with sand collection tank (not shown in the figure) through sand collection tank sand discharge solenoid valve 3; sandstone filter 4 tanks The bottom of the sandstone filter is provided with a sandstone filter drainpipe 10, and the sandstone filter water purification outlet valve 11 is installed on the sandstone filter drainpipe 10; due to the first stage of the backwash state, it is necessary to ensure that different centrifugal filters The amount of sand entering is equal, so the length and inclination angle of the sand discharge pipe 13 are all equal;

The uppermost main water inlet pipe is connected to the gravel filter 4 through the water inlet three-way solenoid valve 1 and the sand filter inlet pipe 2, and the other outlet of the water inlet three-way solenoid valve 1 is connected to the horizontally arranged volute-shaped water pipe 17 connected, the inner side of the volute-shaped water delivery pipe is connected to the water inlet of the centrifugal filter 7 through the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6; The length and inclination angle of each centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6 are equal, and the volute water delivery pipe 17 and the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6 ensure that the water intake of different centrifugal filters 7 is the same; The volume of the filter layer is the control criterion, and the number of centrifugal filters 7 is determined.

The application background of this example is: the specific application scenario is a typical irrigation area in the middle and upper reaches ^of the Yellow River: the _Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia. The concentration is 2%.

In this embodiment, there is also a housing 16 that completely wraps all the centrifugal filter 7 and the gravel filter 4;

In this embodiment, the number of centrifugal filters 7 is eight; that is, eight centrifugal filters 7 are provided around the gravel filter 4 . The particle size distribution of the sand filter 4 is 0.27-0.83mm, and the filter particle size gradually decreases from top to bottom; the cone height of the centrifugal filter 7 is 987mm, the cone section height is 543mm, and the cone angle is 20 degrees.

The gravel filter 4 shown in Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 5 is installed with: hollow rod 5, hollow impeller scraper blade 12, hollow rod drainage driving hole 51 and scraper driving water hole 123, wherein hollow rod 5 is rotatably connected and installed on the sand In the stone filter 4, and collinear with the axis of the sand filter 4 tank body; the upper end of the hollow rod 5 is connected with the water inlet pipe 2 of the sand filter, and a plurality of rows of drainage holes are opened in the lower part of the hollow rod 5 along the axial direction 9 and multiple rows of hollow rod drainage driving holes 51, the multi-row drainage holes 9 and the multi-row hollow rod drainage driving holes 51 are alternately arranged, and each row of drainage holes 9 is fixedly connected with a hollow impeller scraper blade 12, and each hollow impeller The same blade of the scraper blade 12 is uniformly provided with a scraper-driven water hole 123, which can be driven to rotate by hydraulic power when the water flows out;

In this embodiment, the way in which the hollow rod 5 is rotatably connected and installed in the gravel filter 4 is as follows: the upper end of the hollow rod 5 is rotatably connected to the water blocking flange at the entrance, and the lower end of the hollow rod 5 is connected to the sand below the filler. The stone dividing plate 14 is rotatably connected.

In this embodiment, the hollow rod drainage drive hole 51 faces the rear of the rotation direction to increase the thrust of the liquid flow when starting. A motor can also be installed above the hollow rod 5 to increase the driving force for the rotation of the hollow rod 5 .

In the present embodiment, the number of impeller scraper blades 12 is 3 evenly arranged, and the upper end of the hollow impeller scraper blade 12 is a straight line parallel to the horizontal plane, and the lower end is arc-shaped, so that there is a smaller contact surface; The rod 5 is more easily rotated under the impetus of the liquid flow out of the hollow rod drain driving hole 51 and the scraper driving water hole 123 .

Under normal filtration conditions, according to the secondary filtration mode of the coarse filtration of the centrifugal filter and the fine filtration of the sand filter, under the backwashing condition, the centrifugal filter cleans the particles in the inner filter layer of the sand filter, and the establishment increases with time. , the time for the centrifugal filter to enter the operating mode in which the operating pressure gradually decreases. Perform backwashing to discharge the quartz sand in the sand filter 4 to the centrifugal filter 7, and return the sand to the sand filter 4 in batches by the centrifugal filter 7, so that the centrifugal separation particle size is changed from small to large and the sand is laid again. In the stone filter, an effective filter layer structure is formed, which solves the problem of lack of backwash structure.

The backwashing centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter can be mainly divided into two operating modes: normal filtration and backwashing, and its operation process is as follows:

1) Normal filtering state:

Under normal conditions, the channel connecting the water inlet three-way solenoid valve 1 and the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6 below is opened, and the water flows into the centrifugal filter 7 through the three-way solenoid valve 1, the volute water delivery pipe 17 and the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe 6 In the middle, under the swirl filtration of the centrifugal filter, the large-grained sediment enters the sand-collecting tank below through the sand-discharging electromagnetic valve 3 of the sand-collecting tank, and the finer-grained sediment enters through the outlet of the centrifugal filter and the sand delivery pipe 15. In the gravel filter 4, through the further filtering action of the internal filter layer, the filtered water flows from the gravel filter drain pipe 10 to the water purification pipe.

2) Backwashing state (centrifugal-sandstone backwashing operation mode of heterogeneous filter layer):

When the pressure difference between the three-way solenoid valve 1 and the sandstone filter outlet 10 reaches the preset pressure difference value, it enters the backwashing state, which is divided into:

Sand discharge stage, centrifugal filter 7 sand discharge: the sand discharge solenoid valve 3 of the sand collection tank is opened, the centrifugal filter 7 is closed, and at the same time, the sand inside the sand collection tank below the centrifugal filter 7 is discharged with the water, and the program is set here. Sand for 5 minutes, after the sand discharge ends, the sand discharge electromagnetic valve 3 of the sand collection tank is closed.

In the first stage, the gravel filter 4 discharges the filter material into the centrifugal filter 7: the passage between the three-way solenoid valve 1 and the lower volute water pipe 17 is closed, and the passage with the side sandstone filter 4 is opened, and the filter Material outlet solenoid valve 8 is opened, sand filter water purification outlet valve 11 is closed; the water flow directly enters the hollow rod 5, and is discharged into the hollow impeller scraper blade 12 through the drain hole 9 of the hollow impeller scraper blade 12, and the hollow rod 5 is The scraper drives the water hole 123 to start rotating, and at the same time drives the filter material and water to rotate, and discharges the filter material into the centrifugal filter 7. At the same time, a hollow rod drainage driving hole 51 is arranged at the bottom of the hollow rod to discharge the filter material. Give impetus.

In the second stage, the filter material is returned from the centrifugal filter 7 to the sand filter 4: when the filter material enters the centrifugal filter 7, the filter material outlet solenoid valve 8 is closed, the sand filter water purification outlet valve 11 is opened, and the three-way The channel between the solenoid valve 1 and the inlet pipe 6 of the centrifugal filter is opened, and the channel with the gravel filter 4 is closed; the centrifugal filter 7 starts to work, and the inlet flow and pressure of the centrifugal filter are controlled by PLC programming, so that the working pressure follows the backwashing process. Time increases and decreases. Under the action of the swirling flow in the centrifugal filter 7, the particles with small particle size first enter the sand filter 4 with the water flow. Enter the sand filter 4 to form a complete filter layer structure of different particle sizes with small particle sizes on the bottom and large particle sizes on the top.

In this embodiment, the preset pressure difference value is head loss when the pressure difference reaches 10 m.

In the process of discharging the filter material to the centrifugal filter 7 in the first stage, the small-size filter material below the gravel filter 4 will flow out first along with the water flow discharged from the hollow rod drainage driving hole 51 and the scraper driving water hole 123 and drive the remaining The material starts to move; under the premise that the moving speed of part of the filter material increases first, as the filter material becomes less and less, the empty impeller scraper blade 12 will gradually start to rotate and drive the remaining filter material to rotate together; then the rotation of the hollow rod 5 and Under the impetus of the water flow, all the filter materials are gradually discharged into the centrifugal filter 7.

Claims (7)

1. An automatic backwash centrifugal-sand gravel integrated filter, characterized in that it includes: a water inlet three-way solenoid valve (1), a sand filter inlet pipe (2), a sand collection tank sand discharge solenoid valve ( 3), gravel filter (4), centrifugal filter inlet pipe (6), centrifugal filter (7), filter material outlet solenoid valve (8), drainage hole (9), gravel filter drain pipe (10 ), gravel filter water purification outlet valve (11), sand discharge pipe (13) and sand delivery pipe (15), among which the sand gravel filter (4) is set in the center, and several centrifugal filters (7) are evenly set in The outside of the sand filter (4); the outlet at the top of the centrifugal filter (7) is connected to the top of the sand filter (4) tank through the sand delivery pipe (15); the cylindrical part of the centrifugal filter (7) Additional openings are provided on the side wall to connect with the lower part of the sand filter (4) tank through the sand discharge pipe (13) and the filter material outlet solenoid valve (8); the bottom of the sand filter (4) tank A sand filter drain pipe (10) is provided, and the sand filter water purification outlet valve (11) is installed on the sand filter drain pipe (10); The uppermost main water inlet pipe is connected to the sandstone filter (4) through the water inlet three-way solenoid valve (1) and the sandstone filter water inlet pipe (2), and the other outlet of the water inlet threeway solenoid valve (1) is connected to the The volute-shaped water delivery pipe (17) arranged horizontally is connected, and the inner side of the volute-shaped water delivery pipe is connected with the water inlet of the centrifugal filter (7) through the centrifugal filter water inlet pipe (6); the cones of all centrifugal filters (7) The segment volume is greater than the filter layer volume of the sand filter; The sand filter (4) is installed with: hollow rod (5), hollow impeller scraper blade (12) and scraper driving water hole (123), wherein the hollow rod (5) is rotatably connected to the sand filter (4) inside, and is collinear with the axis of the sand filter (4) tank body; the upper end of the hollow rod (5) is connected with the water inlet pipe (2) of the sand filter, and the lower part of the hollow rod (5) is opened along the axial direction. There are multiple rows of drain holes (9), each row of drain holes (9) is fixed with a hollow impeller scraper blade (12), and the blades on the same side of each hollow impeller scraper blade (12) are uniformly opened with scraper driving water holes ( 123); The internal filter particle size of the sand filter (4) is gradated from 0.27mm to 0.83mm, and the particle size of the filter material gradually decreases from top to bottom; the sand filter (4) will The filter material is discharged into the centrifugal filter (7); then the filter material is returned from the centrifugal filter (7) to the sand filter (4); forming a complete small particle size at the bottom and large particle size at the top Filter layer structure with different particle sizes; during the process of the filter material returning to the sand filter (4) from the centrifugal filter (7), the working pressure of the centrifugal filter (7) increases with the backwashing time decrease. 2. The automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, the total number of said centrifugal filters (7) is 3 to 12. 3. The automatic backwashing centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the distances between the centrifugal filters (7) and the sandstone filter (4) are equal. 4. An automatic backwashing centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular volute-shaped water delivery pipe (17) and the cylindrical sandstone filter (4) The axes of the tank body are collinear; the lengths and inclination angles of the water inlet pipes (6) of each centrifugal filter are equal. 5. An automatic backwashing centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, the lower part of the hollow rod (5) is provided with multiple rows of hollow rod drainage driving holes along the axial direction (51). 6. An automatic backwash centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of rows of the hollow rod drainage drive holes (51) is equal to that of the hollow impeller scraper blades (12) And each row is arranged alternately. 7. An automatic backwashing centrifugal-sandstone integrated filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the centrifugal filter (7) is connected to the sand collecting tank sand discharge electromagnetic valve (3) and the bottom part of the centrifugal filter (7). The sand tanks are connected.

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