CN114266202A - Modified actuating line model method for simulating wake flow of wind turbine - Google Patents
Modified actuating line model method for simulating wake flow of wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating a modified actuation line model of a wind turbine wake flow, which comprises the following steps: simplifying the wind turbine blade into an actuation line model; acquiring speed information in the leaf pixel points; calculating the axial force and the tangential force at the chlorophyll point through a chlorophyll theory; calculating the volume force on the phyllo-element point; correcting through the blade tip and blade root loss correction model; correcting the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient by adopting a three-dimensional delay stall model; the actuation wire area adds a volumetric force; and calculating a simulated flow field. The invention provides a method for simulating a corrected actuating line model of the wake flow of a wind turbine, and the built full-size wind turbine actuating line model can enable the pneumatic characteristics of the actuating line model and the wake flow speed to better match with experimental test data, and has good application prospect in actual engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modified actuation line model method for simulating the wake flow of a wind turbine, and belongs to the technical field of calculation of the wake flow of the wind turbine by using a brake model.
Background
Wind energy is an important renewable energy source, and the annual average wind power density of 70m high layers in land in China reaches 300W/m2The exploitable amount of the wind energy resource technology is 2.6TW, and the exploitation and utilization value is huge. In a large wind power plant, a wind turbine is necessarily positioned in the wake of an upstream wind turbine, so that the incoming wind speed is reduced, and the wind shear and strong turbulence added by the wake are increased. In recent years, simulating wake effect by using CFD has become a research hotspot.
In the prior art, the numerical simulation of the wake flow of the wind turbine by adopting an actuation line model obtains better prediction accuracy, but because the blade tip and root loss, the three-dimensional airfoil profile delayed stall and the influence of a cabin and a tower are not considered, the generation prediction of the central vortex and the blade tip vortex still has an error problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for simulating a corrected actuating line model of the wake flow of a wind turbine, wherein a full-size wind turbine actuating line model is established, the improved braking line model is used for carrying out numerical simulation calculation on the wake flow field of the wind turbine, and the accuracy of the corrected wind turbine actuating line model is verified by comparing experimental data with an uncorrected model in the aspects of the power coefficient, the thrust coefficient and the wake flow speed of the wind turbine.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a method for simulating a modified actuation line model of a wind turbine wake flow comprises the following steps:
simplifying the wind turbine blade into an actuation line model;
acquiring speed information in the leaf pixel points;
calculating the axial force and the tangential force at the chlorophyll point through a chlorophyll theory;
calculating the volume force on the phyllo-element point;
correcting through the blade tip and blade root loss correction model;
correcting the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient by adopting a three-dimensional delay stall model;
calculating the resistance of the tower and the engine room;
and calculating a simulated flow field.
Further, the foregoing specific steps of simplifying the wind turbine blade into the actuation line model include:
simplifying the rotating wind wheel blade into an imaginary line segment, and dividing the imaginary line segment into a plurality of segments of phyllanthus;
determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each leaf element point in the rotation process of the blade through a formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
xi＝xwt+rcosφ
yi＝ywt+rcosφ
zi＝zwt+rsinφ
wherein x isi、yi、ziIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the phyllanthus point i; r is the spreading length; phi is the rotation angle of the blade; x is the number ofwt、ywt、zwtIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the hub center of the wind turbine.
Further, the specific method for acquiring the velocity information in the leaf points is as follows:
in a CFD flow field, searching a grid core nearest to a leaf element point, and assigning speed information stored by the grid core to the leaf element point;
if it satisfies
Then u isi＝ucell+ gradu dS, where xi_cellIs a grid core coordinate; DXiIs the mesh size; u. ofiIs the velocity at the phyllotoxin point; u. ofcellIs distance fromThe nearest grid centroid velocity to the leaf pixel point; gradu is the flow field velocity gradient; dS is the distance of the leaf element point to the nearest grid centroid.
Further, the method for calculating the axial force and the tangential force through the phyllotactic theory comprises the following steps:
substituting the velocity of the assigned phylloton point into a formula to obtain an axial force T and a tangential force FNThe formula is
Wherein the total velocity
Axial velocity
Tangential velocity of
Where ρ is the air density,
is axial normal vector, c is chord length of airfoil profile, inflow angle
ClIs the coefficient of lift, CdIs coefficient of resistance, angle of attack
Beta is the twist angle of the phyllanthin, dr is the spread length of the phyllanthin,
is the velocity at the point of the leaf element,
is the angular velocity of the beam of light,
is the vector radius.
Further, the step of calculating the volume force at the phyllo site comprises:
in the formula (f)x/fy/fzRespectively representing the volume force of the phyllotoxin point in the xyz direction; gamma is the angle of clockwise yaw of the wind turbine; δ is the angle of rotation of the blade; b is the number of leaves; i is the number of the located lutein point;
the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution function is adopted to carry out the fairing of the volume force, and the volume force f borne by a certain grid type center point in the flow fieldMComprises the following steps:
wherein d is the distance between the centromere and the lutein; ε is the fairing parameter.
Further, the foregoing procedure of modifying through the blade tip and root loss modification model is as follows:
substituting into a formula to obtain a tip correction coefficient F1And root correction factor FhubThe formula is as follows:
wherein g ═ exp (-0.125(B λ -21)) + 0.1; λ is the tip speed ratio; r is the blade radius; rhubThe radius of the blade root of the wind turbine rotor; r is the spread length of the chlorophyll; b is the number of leaves;
is the inflow angle.
Further, the process for correcting the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient by using the three-dimensional delayed stall model is as follows:
the part below the extension length of the blade 3/4 is corrected and substituted into a formula to solve the three-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient Cl,3dAnd a degree of change in angle of attack, Δ α, the formula being:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the slope of a straight line segment of the lift coefficient; delta alpha is the angle of attack change degree; cl,3dIs a three-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; cl,2dIs a two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; alpha is alphamaxThe angle of attack corresponding to the maximum lift coefficient; alpha is alpha0The corresponding attack angle when the lift coefficient is zero; c is the chord length of the blade; n is an empirical formula and is generally taken to be 1.0; k is the von Karman constant.
Further, the method for adding the volume force to the actuation line area comprises the following steps:
substituting a formula to obtain the axial resistance df of the airflow of a tower tube infinitesimalx,towAnd nacelle resistance FnacThe formula is as follows:
in the formula utowThe incoming flow speed is the center of the tower tube infinitesimal; ρ is the air density; dtowThe diameter of the central circular section of the tower tube infinitesimal; dh is the height of the tower tube infinitesimal; cD,towThe resistance coefficient of the tower barrel takes 1.0; a. thenacThe sectional area of the engine room; cD,nacThe value of the resistance coefficient of the engine room is 1.0; axial velocity
Is the axial normal vector of the axial direction,
is the velocity at the phyllotoxin point.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can enable the pneumatic characteristic and the wake velocity of the actuating line model to better coincide with the experimental test data, and has good application prospect in the actual engineering;
2. theoretical support is provided for work such as wind turbine wake flow calculation, wind turbine power prediction and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a modified actuation line model of the present invention;
figure 2 is a rotation of the wind rotor of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a wind turbine source and item model of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a folate stress assay of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a G1 model of a wind turbine of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a wind turbine center radial velocity profile at-1D before the G1 model correction wake;
FIG. 7 is a wind turbine center radial velocity profile 2D after the G1 model modifies the wake;
FIG. 8 is a 3D rotor center radial velocity profile after the G1 model modifies the wake;
FIG. 9 is a wind turbine center radial velocity profile 4D after the G1 model modifies the wake;
FIG. 10 is a wind turbine center radial velocity profile 6D after the G1 model modifies the wake;
FIG. 11 is the rotor center radial velocity profile 9D after the G1 model correction wake.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the method for establishing a model based on a modified actuation line includes the following steps:
step 1: as shown in fig. 2, the rotating wind turbine blade is simplified into an imaginary line segment, and is divided into several segments of phyllanthus, an actuation line model is preliminarily formed, and then a volume force is added to the source term of the control equation through steps 2) -9).
Finally, the full-size wind turbine actuating line model comprising the blade, the cabin and the tower source items shown in the figure 3 is obtained.
Step 2: determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each leaf element point in the rotation process of the blade, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
xi＝xwt+rcosφ
yi＝ywt+rcosφ
zi＝zwt+rsinφ
wherein x isi、yi、ziIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the phyllanthus point i; r is the spreading length; phi is the rotation angle of the blade; x is the number ofwt、ywt、zwtIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the hub center of the wind turbine.
And step 3: in the CFD flow field, information of the flow field such as pressure, velocity, volume force source terms, etc. is stored in a grid center, and when the blade rotates in the calculation region, the leaf element point does not necessarily coincide with the grid center, so that the grid center closest to the leaf element point needs to be found first, and then the stored velocity information is assigned to the leaf element point. And meanwhile, when the grid type center coordinate and the leaf element point coordinate satisfy:
at this time, ui＝ucell+ gradu dS, where xi_cellIs a grid core coordinate; DXiIs the mesh size; u. ofiIs the velocity at the phyllotoxin point; u. ofcellIs the nearest grid centroid velocity to the leaf pixel point; gradu is the flow field velocity gradient; dS is the distance of the leaf element point to the nearest grid centroid.
And 4, step 4: as shown in FIG. 4, which is a velocity triangle of the relative velocity of the airflow with respect to the blade and the axial and tangential forces, the axial and tangential forces T and F are derived from the velocity at the blistering point and the blistering theoryN：
Wherein the total velocity
Axial velocity
Tangential velocity of
Where ρ is the air density,
is axial normal vector, c is chord length of airfoil profile, inflow angle
Coefficient of lift ClAnd coefficient of resistance CdObtaining the angle of attack and airfoil profile aerodynamic data; angle of attack
Beta is the torsion angle of the phyllanthin; dr is the spread length of the phyllanthin;
is the velocity at the phyllotoxin point;
is the angular velocity;
is the vector radius.
And 5: the axial force and the tangential force on the blade unit are combined into a three-dimensional volume force in a Cartesian coordinate system, and a calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (f)x/fy/fzRespectively representing the volume force of the phyllotoxin point in the xyz direction; gamma is the angle of clockwise yaw of the wind turbine; δ is the angle of rotation of the blade; b is the number of leaves; i is the number of the located lutein point.
Then, performing volume force fairing by adopting a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution function, wherein the volume force applied to a certain grid type center point in a flow field is as follows:
wherein d is the distance between the centromere and the lutein; ε is the fairing parameter related to the mesh size.
Step 6: the tip vortex and the root vortex generated by the wind turbine in the rotation process fall off and then enter the wake zone, the induced speed distribution of the rotor is influenced, and the tip and root loss correction model is adopted for correction.
Further, the specific calculation process in the blade tip and root loss correction model is as follows:
wherein g ═ exp (-0.125(B λ -21)) + 0.1; fhubModifying the coefficient for the blade root; f1Correcting the coefficient for the blade tip; λ is the tip speed ratio; r is the blade radius; rhubThe radius of the blade root of the wind turbine rotor; r is the spread length of the chlorophyll; b is the number of leaves;
is the inflow angle.
And 7: when the wind turbine rotates, the suction surface at the root part of the blade can have certain spread flow, so that Coriolis force pointing to the trailing edge of the airfoil profile of the blade is generated, the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wind turbine act together, the adverse pressure gradient in the boundary layer on the surface of the blade is resisted, the separation of the boundary layer is delayed, the lift coefficient of the airfoil profile is improved, and the three-dimensional stall delay effect of the wind turbine blade is realized. And correcting the lift coefficient of the two-dimensional airfoil profile by adopting a three-dimensional delay stall model.
Further, when the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient is corrected, the part of the blade 3/4 with the length less than the span length is corrected, and a specific correction calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, Cl,3dIs a three-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; delta alpha is the angle of attack change degree;
the slope of a straight line segment of the lift coefficient; cl,2dIs a two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; alpha is alphamaxThe angle of attack corresponding to the maximum lift coefficient; alpha is alpha0The corresponding attack angle when the lift coefficient is zero; c is the chord length of the blade; n is an empirical formula and is generally taken to be 1.0; k is the von Karman constant.
And 8: the nacelle and the tower of the wind turbine not only can attenuate the speed in the wake flow, but also can affect the turbulence energy of the wake flow, and particularly, the interaction between the wake flow formed by the tower and the wake flow generated by the blades can accelerate the fracture of blade tip vortexes, so the resistance of the tower and the nacelle needs to be calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, dfx,towThe airflow axial resistance of a tower drum infinitesimal; ρ is the air density; fnacIs the cabin drag; u. oftowThe incoming flow speed is the center of the tower tube infinitesimal; dtowThe diameter of the central circular section of the tower tube infinitesimal; dh is the height of the tower tube infinitesimal; cD,towThe resistance coefficient of the tower barrel takes 1.0; a. thenacThe sectional area of the engine room; cD,nacThe value of the resistance coefficient of the engine room is 1.0; u is the axial velocity.
And step 9: calculating a simulated flow field: after the blades are rotated, the brake wire mesh is identified by repeating the above steps at each time step.
Verification is performed by using the wind turbine G1 as a research object for numerical simulation verification of the modified actuation line model. The diameter of a wind wheel of the wind turbine is 1.1m, the diameter of a hub is 0.03m, the height of a tower barrel is 0.8m, and the design of blades adopts RG 14. The wind turbine G1 is used as a model, the blade radius is 0.55m at the inlet wind speed of 5m/s, and the rated rotating speed is 850rad min-1The wind turbine G1 position in the flow field, and the overall length, width and height of the model validation calculation domain are shown in fig. 5. 6-11 are comparisons of radial mean wind speed at center of rotor at 6 positions of G1 wind turbine before-1D wake and after 2D, 3D, 4D, 6D, 9D and test data, wherein black dots represent the test data, dashed lines represent the actuation line model, and solid lines represent the modified actuation line model. As can be seen, the center trail (y/D ═ 0) velocity of the modified actuation line model is closer to the experimental value than the conventional actuation line model, since the tip and root losses are corrected. At far wake, the modified actuation line model value is closer to the experimental value. The traditional actuation line model has higher prediction accuracy on the thrust coefficient and the power factor, but certain errors still exist in the prediction on the central vortex and the blade tip vortex due to the loss of the blade tip and the blade root. The analysis shows that the coincidence degree of the corrected model and the experimental value is superior to that of the uncorrected model, and the wind speed attenuation condition of the wake flow of the wind turbine can be better simulated.
The following table 1 shows that the calculated thrust coefficient, power coefficient and experimental measured value show that the corrected wind turbine actuation line model is very close to the experimental value in the prediction result of the aerodynamic performance and is obviously superior to the uncorrected model, especially the prediction of the thrust coefficient, because the corrected model considers the loss of the blade tip and the blade root of the wind turbine, namely the load coefficient is reduced, the calculated wind turbine thrust is lower than that of the uncorrected model.
TABLE 1 comparison table of parameters before and after correction
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for simulating a modified actuation line model of a wind turbine wake flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
simplifying the wind turbine blade into an actuation line model;
acquiring speed information in the leaf pixel points;
calculating the axial force and the tangential force at the chlorophyll point through a chlorophyll theory;
calculating the volume force on the phyllo-element point;
correcting through the blade tip and blade root loss correction model;
correcting the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient by adopting a three-dimensional delay stall model;
calculating the resistance of the tower and the engine room;
and calculating a simulated flow field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of simplifying the rotor blade into the actuation line model comprises:
simplifying the rotating wind wheel blade into an imaginary line segment, and dividing the imaginary line segment into a plurality of segments of phyllanthus;
determining the three-dimensional coordinates of each leaf element point in the rotation process of the blade through a formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
xi＝xwt+rcosφ
yi＝ywt+rcosφ
zi＝zwt+rsinφ
wherein x isi、yi、ziIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the phyllanthus point i; r is the spreading length; phi is the rotation angle of the blade; x is the number ofwt、ywt、zwtIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the hub center of the wind turbine.
3. The method for simulating the modified actuation line model of the wind turbine wake flow according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific method for acquiring the velocity information in the leaf points is as follows:
in a CFD flow field, searching a grid core nearest to a leaf element point, and assigning speed information stored by the grid core to the leaf element point;
if it satisfies
Then u isi＝ucell+ gradu dS, where xi_cellIs a grid core coordinate; DXiIs the mesh size; u. ofiIs the velocity at the phyllotoxin point; u. ofcellIs the nearest grid centroid velocity to the leaf pixel point; gradu is the flow field velocity gradient; dS is the distance of the leaf element point to the nearest grid centroid.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method for calculating the axial force and the tangential force through the phyllotactic theory comprises:
substituting the velocity of the assigned phylloton point into a formula to obtain an axial force T and a tangential force FNThe formula is
Wherein the total velocity
Axial velocity
Tangential velocity of
Where ρ is the air density,
is axial normal vector, c is chord length of airfoil profile, inflow angle
ClIs the coefficient of lift, CdIs coefficient of resistance, angle of attack
Beta is the twist angle of the phyllanthin, dr is the spread length of the phyllanthin,
is the velocity at the point of the leaf element,
is the angular velocity of the beam of light,
is the vector radius.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of calculating the volumetric force at the voxel point comprises:
fx＝-T
in the formula (f)x/fy/fzRespectively representing the volume force of the phyllotoxin point in the xyz direction; gamma is the angle of clockwise yaw of the wind turbine; δ is the angle of rotation of the blade; b is the number of leaves; i is the number of the located lutein point;
using a three-dimensional Gaussian distributionThe function is used for smoothing the volume force, and the volume force f borne by a certain grid type center point in the flow fieldMComprises the following steps:
wherein d is the distance between the centromere and the lutein; ε is the fairing parameter.
6. The method for simulating the modified actuation line model for the wake of the wind turbine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the modification through the blade tip and root loss modification model is as follows:
substituting into a formula to obtain a tip correction coefficient F1And root correction factor FhubThe formula is as follows:
wherein g ═ exp (-0.125(B λ -21)) + 0.1; λ is the tip speed ratio; r is the blade radius; rhubThe radius of the blade root of the wind turbine rotor; r is the spread length of the chlorophyll; b is the number of leaves;
is the inflow angle.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional delayed stall model is used for correcting the two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient as follows:
the part below the extension length of the blade 3/4 is corrected and substituted into a formula to solve the three-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient Cl,3dAnd a degree of change in angle of attack, Δ α, the formula being:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the slope of a straight line segment of the lift coefficient; delta alpha is the angle of attack change degree; cl,3dIs a three-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; cl,2dIs a two-dimensional airfoil lift coefficient; alpha is alphamaxThe angle of attack corresponding to the maximum lift coefficient; alpha is alpha0The corresponding attack angle when the lift coefficient is zero; c is the chord length of the blade; n is an empirical formula and is generally taken to be 1.0; k is the von Karman constant.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for adding volumetric force to the actuation line region comprises:
substituting a formula to obtain the axial resistance df of the airflow of a tower tube infinitesimalx,towAnd nacelle resistance FnacThe formula is as follows:
in the formula utowThe incoming flow speed is the center of the tower tube infinitesimal; ρ is the air density; dtowThe diameter of the central circular section of the tower tube infinitesimal; dh is the height of the tower tube infinitesimal; cD,towThe resistance coefficient of the tower barrel takes 1.0; a. thenacThe sectional area of the engine room; cD,nacThe value of the resistance coefficient of the engine room is 1.0; axial velocity
Is the axial normal vector of the axial direction,
is the velocity at the phyllotoxin point.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115544667A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Equivalent disc method based on coupling of phyllotactic momentum source and CFD |
| CN117436322A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 浙江远算科技有限公司 | Wind turbine blade aeroelastic simulation method and medium based on phyllin theory |
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2021
- 2021-12-21 CN CN202111568230.4A patent/CN114266202A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115544667A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Equivalent disc method based on coupling of phyllotactic momentum source and CFD |
| CN115544667B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Equivalent disk method based on phyllanthus momentum source coupling CFD |
| CN117436322A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-23 | 浙江远算科技有限公司 | Wind turbine blade aeroelastic simulation method and medium based on phyllin theory |
| CN117436322B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江远算科技有限公司 | Wind turbine blade aeroelastic simulation method and medium based on phyllin theory |
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