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CN114243175A - 具有散热功能的换电电池 - Google Patents

具有散热功能的换电电池 Download PDF

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CN114243175A
CN114243175A CN202111554614.0A CN202111554614A CN114243175A CN 114243175 A CN114243175 A CN 114243175A CN 202111554614 A CN202111554614 A CN 202111554614A CN 114243175 A CN114243175 A CN 114243175A
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battery
protection board
heat dissipation
upper cover
cabin
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王海雷
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Shenzhen Hailei New Energy Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/202Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/284Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
    • H01M50/287Fixing of circuit boards to lids or covers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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Abstract

一种具有散热功能的换电电池,它属于锂电池技术领域,一种具有散热功能的换电电池,它包括电池箱体,置于电池箱体中的电芯组件和电池上盖,一BMS保护板置于电池上盖中;其特征在于所述的电池上盖为一金属电池上盖组合;所述的金属电池上盖组合包括带有凹凸散热片的外表面的箱体盖和置于箱体盖内的BMS保护板;在所述的箱体盖内分割有一BMS保护板舱体,所述的BMS保护板舱体内的舱体壁上设置有一凸起的接触面,所述的BMS保护板的发热元件与凸起的接触面紧密接触;在BMS保护板舱体上设置有一舱盖板。本发明既使得BMS保护板置于密闭的,防水的空间中,也使得大功率发热元件得到了良好的热传递和散热,有效提高了电池使用的安全性。

Description

具有散热功能的换电电池
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种具有散热功能的换电电池,它属于锂电池技术领域,特别是一种换电锂电池。
背景技术:
在现有技术中,锂电池由于其工作电压高、体积小、质量轻、能量密度大、无记忆效应、无污染、自放电小、循环寿命长等众多优点而被广泛使用在各种设备上。但是锂电池有严重的缺陷:首先,安全性能比较差,几乎所有种类的锂电池过度充电或过度放电都会引起电芯不可逆转的损伤。锂电池对温度也极为敏感:如果在温度过高的状况下使用,可能引起电解液分解、燃烧甚至爆炸;温度过低将导致锂电池的各项性能明显恶化,影响设备的正常使用。因此,必须为锂电池配备一套具有针对性的锂电池管理系统,英文为:BatteryManagement System,缩写BMS,中文从而对电池组进行有效的监控、保护、能量均衡和故障警报,进而提高整个锂电池工作效率和使用寿命。
在现有技术中,这类换电池的锂电池管理系统BMS被集成在一个PCB基板上,构成为BMS保护板,置于电池箱体中。目前的电池箱体有金属箱体,也有高能塑料箱体。锂电池管理系统BMS置于电池箱体中,解决了换电电池的监控、保护、能量均衡和故障警报等问题,同时为了兼顾防水密封性能,将BMS置于一个密封环境中,但是却忽视了换电池的锂电池管理系统BMS的集成电路和其他电子元器件也会发热的情况,特别是在塑料电池箱体中,散热环境差,锂电池管理系统BMS在工作中产生的热量,也会影响到电池使用的安全性和使用寿命。
为了解决上述问题,现有技术给出了如下的解决方案:如附图1中所示:
该技术方案中,换电电池包括箱体下壳15,电芯组件置于箱体下壳中,在电芯组件的上部设置一个保护板支架13,在保护板支架13上设置锂电池管理系统BMS,简称BMS保护板12;然后将上盖11扣合在箱体下壳15上。
为了解决BMS保护板自身的发热问题,如图2中所示,除了在PCB基板115上设置现有技术中的电子元件和集成电路外,还将所有大功率发热元件集中设置在PCB基板115的一端,然后在大功率发热元件的上下部位均设置导热材料112和散热铝片111。其散热原理是:大功率发热元件工作时生产的大量热量,通过导热材料将热量传导至散热铝片,通过散热铝片的表面与空气对流产生热交换,达到散热的目的。
上述技术方案依旧存在如下的缺陷:
由于BMS保护板所在的空间为一个密闭的空间,其实自身的散热设计并不能实现和外界的空气对流,实际上达不到真正散热的效果。
现有技术中,也有为了增加空气对流,在电池箱体中设置风扇,虽然这一设计实现了局部散热的效果,但是带有热量的空气在密封环境中无法与外界的空气形成对流,还是无法达到散热的目的。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单,利用电池箱体自身的结构实现良好散热效果的具有散热功能的换电电池。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种具有散热功能的换电电池,它包括电池箱体,置于电池箱体中的电芯组件和电池上盖,一BMS保护板置于电池上盖中;其特征在于所述的电池上盖为一金属电池上盖组合;所述的金属电池上盖组合包括带有凹凸散热片的外表面的箱体盖和置于箱体盖内的BMS保护板;在所述的箱体盖内分割有一BMS保护板舱体,所述的BMS保护板舱体内的舱体壁上设置有一凸起的接触面,所述的BMS保护板的发热元件与凸起的接触面紧密接触;在BMS保护板舱体上设置有一舱盖板。
所述的BMS保护板包括一个PCB基板,在PCB基板的上、下两个面上均分布有电池管理系统的大功率发热元件,在电池管理系统的发热元件的下方设置有导热材料,导热材料上安装有散热装置。
在所述的BMS保护板仓体中沿内壁设置有防水槽,在所述的防水槽中设置有弹性密封圈,所述的舱盖板覆盖于弹性密封圈上。
在所述的弹性密封圈厚度大于防水槽的深度1-2mm。
在电池上盖还设置有两组导线输出口。
所述的电池箱体和舱盖板均为金属件。
本发明利用电池箱体的结构,提高了自身的散热功能,既保证了BMS保护板置于一个密闭的,防水的空间中,也实现大功率发热元件的直接接触式散热,将电池上盖整体作为一个散热部件,实现了与外部空间的热交换,达到了良好的散热效果,有效提高了换电电池的安全性和使用寿命。
附图说明:
图1为现有技术中换电电池的结构示意图
图2为现有技术中BMS保护板的结构示意图
图3为本发明的立体结构示意图
图4为本发明的立体分解结构示意图
图5为本发明的电池上盖的内部平面结构示意图
图6为本发明的BMS保护板结构示意图
图7为本发明的电池上盖的立体分解结构示意图
图8为本发明的内部结构剖视图
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图3、图4、图5、图6、图7和图8,对本发明进行进一步的说明:
基于本发明的目的,本发明的设计构思如下:改变现有技术中BMS保护板中的热传导介质,为BMS保护板提供一个独立的防水密闭空间,让电池上盖成为一个与外界空间进行热交换的介质,并实现大功率发热元件与电池上盖的直接接触传递热量。
基于上述构思,在本实施例,本发明包括电池箱体4,置于电池箱体4中的电芯组件3和电池上盖2,一BMS保护板置于电池上盖2中。本实施例的电池箱体4和电芯组件3均为现有技术。所述的电池箱体4为金属件。
为了将电池上盖整体作为一个散热体,在本实施例中,所述的电池上盖2为一金属电池上盖组合;所述的金属电池上盖组合包括带有凹凸散热片的外表面21的箱体盖和置于箱体盖内的BMS保护板22。在本实施例中,如图6中所示,所述的BMS保护板22包括一个PCB基板222,在PCB基板222的上、下两个面上均分布有电池管理系统的大功率发热元件221,在大功率发热元件221的下方设置有导热材料223,导热材料223上安装有散热装置224,在本实施例中,所述的导热材料为导热硅胶垫,所述的散热装置为铝片。
由此可以看出本发明的BMS保护板实际上是取消了现有技术中的部分导热介质和散热铝片。
为了给BMS保护板一个独立的密闭空间,在箱体盖内分割有一BMS保护板舱体26,在BMS保护板舱体26上设置有一舱盖板24,且所述的舱盖板24为金属板。
在箱体盖内的另一部分空间28将作为导线输出等装置的布置空间。
在电池上盖2还设置有两组导线输出口281,在本实施例中,所述的两组导线输出口281设置在箱体盖内的另一部分空间28中。
所述的BMS保护板舱体26内的舱体壁上设置有一凸起的接触面27,所述的BMS保护板的大功率发热元件221与凸起的接触面27紧密接触,这样大功率发热元件221的热量通过这个接触面27直接传递到电池上盖的带有凹凸散热片的外表面21,实现了与箱体外部空间的热交换。带有凹凸散热片的电池上盖的外表面21上的带有凹凸散热条有效增加了热传导面积,提高了导热效率。
为了实现本发明BMS保护板舱体26的密闭性,如图7中所示,在所述的BMS保护板仓体26中沿内壁设置有防水槽25,在所述的防水槽中设置有弹性密封圈23,所述的舱盖板24覆盖于弹性密封圈23上。由于舱盖板24为金属板,为了进一步保证舱盖板24与BMS保护板仓体26的合缝严密,所述的弹性密封圈23厚度大于防水槽25的深度1-2mm,这样弹性密封圈23会高出防水槽25,当舱盖板24覆盖上去后,就会形成更紧密的结合。

Claims (6)

1.一种具有散热功能的换电电池,它包括电池箱体(4),置于电池箱体(4)中的电芯组件(3)和电池上盖(2),一BMS保护板置于电池上盖(2)中;其特征在于所述的电池上盖(2)为一金属电池上盖组合;所述的金属电池上盖组合包括带有凹凸散热片的外表面(21)的箱体盖和置于箱体盖内的BMS保护板(22);在所述的箱体盖内分割有一BMS保护板舱体(26),所述的BMS保护板舱体(26)内的舱体壁上设置有一凸起的接触面(27),所述的BMS保护板的发热元件与凸起的接触面(27)紧密接触;在BMS保护板舱体(26)上设置有一舱盖板(24)。
2.如权利要求1中所述的具有散热功能的换电电池,其特征在于所述的BMS保护板(22)包括一个PCB基板(222),在PCB基板(222)的上、下两个面上均分布有电池管理系统的大功率发热元件(221),在电池管理系统的发热元件(221)的下方设置有导热材料(223),导热材料(223)上安装有散热装置(224)。
3.如权利要求1中所述的具有散热功能的换电电池,其特征在于在所述的BMS保护板仓体(26)中沿内壁设置有防水槽(25),在所述的防水槽中设置有弹性密封圈(23),所述的舱盖板(24)覆盖于弹性密封圈(23)上。
4.如权利要求3中所述的具有散热功能的换电电池,其特征在于在所述的弹性密封圈(23)厚度大于防水槽(25)的深度1-2mm。
5.如权利要求1中所述的具有散热功能的换电电池,其特征在于在电池上盖(2)还设置有两组导线输出口(281)。
6.如权利要求1中所述的具有散热功能的换电电池,其特征在于所述的电池箱体(4)和舱盖板(24)均为金属件。
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