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CN114224827B - 一种水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用 - Google Patents

一种水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用 Download PDF

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CN114224827B
CN114224827B CN202210022489.7A CN202210022489A CN114224827B CN 114224827 B CN114224827 B CN 114224827B CN 202210022489 A CN202210022489 A CN 202210022489A CN 114224827 B CN114224827 B CN 114224827B
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CN114224827A (zh
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孙春萌
陈芊
陆煜人
周帅
涂家生
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China Pharmaceutical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用,属于生物医药技术领域。该水凝胶由壳聚糖、普鲁兰糖和MMPs敏感多肽交联后制备得到,所述壳聚糖和普鲁兰糖的分子上均修饰有巯基。本发明的水凝胶具有的MMP酶响应性,既能通过消耗MMP酶,调控肿瘤术后肿瘤微环境发展,防止由于MMP酶上调促发的肿瘤转移;又能实现对MMP酶敏感的药物释放;还为肿瘤原位递药提供缓释型的药物储库,可共载多种药物;同时该载体材料还具有吸收组织液的功能,为肿瘤切除术后的局部止血、固定和杀灭残存肿瘤细胞、预防肿瘤转移提供一种多功能载体,可应用于肿瘤术后的联合免疫疗法。

Description

一种水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种基质金属蛋白酶响应的水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用。
背景技术
手术切除是局部治疗恶性肿瘤的首选治疗,但是由手术引起的组织损伤,特别是随后的局部促炎和伤口愈合反应显示增加生长因子的水平,支持局部和远端肿瘤复发,并通过增强肿瘤细胞粘附分子的表达和诱导基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的释放,尤其肿瘤切除后局部MMP-9的大量增加,提高了残余肿瘤细胞的侵袭能力和运动性。
近年来,随着基于“免疫检查点阻断(Immune checkpoint blockade,ICB)”的免疫疗法在临床癌症治疗中取得巨大成功,ICB在不同的肿瘤治疗中逐渐被广泛应用,通过肿瘤免疫疗法提高抗肿瘤疗效的治疗方式受到了广泛关注。然而,由于复杂的肿瘤微环境,单一的ICB 免疫治疗进行癌症治疗的响应率仅约20%。因此,通过调控肿瘤微环境,设计免疫联合治疗手段,对于提高肿瘤免疫疗法的响应性具有重要意义,有效的肿瘤免疫疗法能激起全身的免疫效应,产生免疫记忆,对于肿瘤的复发和转移具有良好的抑制作用。
目前壳聚糖/普鲁兰糖水凝胶在生物医学领域主要用作伤口敷料、药物载体及组织工程支架。水凝胶的制备,主要通过物理交联和化学交联的方式进行。与物理交联的水凝胶相比,经过化学交联的水凝胶具有更高的稳定性和力学性能。然而,目前通过化学交联的水凝胶,如CN113512206A采用丙烯醛作为交联剂制备凝胶;CN112940291A采用乙醛酸作为小分子交联剂制备凝胶。这些引入的小分子交联剂,其生物相容性未可知,且过量的小分子交联剂在凝胶载体的残留可能会影响药物的释放。
因此,研制一种适用于肿瘤术后治疗,兼具止血、促进伤口愈合、调控肿瘤基质变化、刺激响应性释药、生物相容性好、可生物降解的凝胶缓释系统,能用于对于肿瘤术后的联合免疫治疗具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基质金属蛋白酶响应的水凝胶及其在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用。通过对凝胶材料进行修饰,并利用MMPs敏感多肽的氨基酸特性,使凝胶材料的巯基与多肽序列中半胱氨酸发生自发氧化从而将壳聚糖及普鲁兰糖交联,既避免了小分子交联剂的劣势,又赋予了载体响应肿瘤微环境MMPs的敏感性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种水凝胶,由壳聚糖、普鲁兰糖和MMPs敏感多肽交联后得到;
所述壳聚糖的分子上修饰有巯基,所述普鲁兰糖的分子上修饰有巯基;
所述MMPs敏感多肽的序列选自CPVGLIGC、CEGPLGVRGKC、CPLGLAGGC、CGGALGLPC或CRDPLGLAGDRC,优选CRDPLGLAGDRC。
进一步地,所述壳聚糖和普鲁兰糖的质量比为1:4-4:1,优选为1:2~2:1,更优选1:1、1:2或2:1。
进一步地,所述MMPs敏感多肽的用量为壳聚糖和普鲁兰糖的巯基修饰总摩尔量的10-80%,优选20%。
进一步地,所述水凝胶还含有活性药物,活性药物为化疗药物和/或抗体类药物。
在本发明中,所述化疗药物可选自烷化剂、抗生素类、植物生物碱、铂类化合物等,具体药物如紫杉醇、阿霉素、去氧鬼臼毒素和奥沙利铂等。抗体类药物可选分子靶向药物和免疫检查点抑制剂等,具体药物如anti-HER2抗体、anti-CTLA4抗体、anti-PDL1抗体和anti-CD47抗体等。
上述水凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备修饰有巯基的壳聚糖;
步骤2,制备修饰有巯基的普鲁兰糖;
步骤3,将修饰有巯基的壳聚糖和修饰有巯基的普鲁兰糖溶解在水中,然后加入MMPs敏感多肽,35-40℃反应12-16h,得到交联产物;
步骤4,将交联后的产物反复冻融,得到凝胶;
步骤5,将步骤4的凝胶进行冷冻干燥,即可得到所述水凝胶。
上述水凝胶在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用。
一种肿瘤术后用治疗试剂,包括上述水凝胶。
本发明的水凝胶能有效的吸收液体、蛋白药物、纳米或微米载体,甚至能有效的吸附并捕获细胞。经冻干的水凝胶空白载体,能充分且快速地吸收上述物质,并作为药物储库,随凝胶的降解而缓慢的释放出来。因此,该水凝胶用于药物递送,一方面,由于不需要通过化学键连接或冻干等载药手段,该水凝胶对于包载蛋白药物,如anti-PDL1抗体,能保持抗体的结构稳定性和生物活性;另一方面,用于肿瘤术后的埋植,能在手术部位高效吸收血液和组织液、以及脱落的肿瘤细胞,在术后止血的同时捕获肿瘤细胞,诱导自身免疫系统在术后部位对肿瘤细胞的杀伤,防止术后复发与转移。
该水凝胶具有的MMP酶响应性,既能通过消耗MMP酶,调控肿瘤术后肿瘤微环境发展,防止由于MMP酶上调促发的肿瘤转移;又能实现对MMP酶敏感的药物释放;还为肿瘤原位递药提供缓释型的药物储库,可共载多种药物;同时该载体材料还具有吸收组织液的功能,为肿瘤切除术后的局部止血、固定和杀灭残存肿瘤细胞、预防肿瘤转移提供一种多功能载体,可应用于肿瘤术后的联合免疫疗法。
附图说明
图1为巯基修饰壳聚糖的制备及产物的红外图谱。
图2为NAC修饰普鲁兰糖的制备及产物的红外图谱。
图3为巯基修饰普鲁兰糖的制备及产物的红外图谱。
图4为水凝胶的制备及凝胶的扫描电子显微镜成像图。
图5为不同处方水凝胶的黏弹性测定结果。
图6为水凝胶的溶胀率测定结果。
图7为水凝胶的酶敏感释放曲线。
图8为水凝胶包载药物后的显微镜照片。
图9为水凝胶对血细胞的吸附结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法及未说明配方的试剂均为按照本领域常规条件。
以下实施例中,所采用的壳聚糖购自Sigma-Aldrich,其分子量分布范围为50-375kDa;所采用的普鲁兰糖购自Aladdin,其分子量分布范围为20-2000kDa。
实施例1
1、巯基修饰壳聚糖的制备
称取壳聚糖约0.5 g,在磁力搅拌下分散于50 ml水中,加入HoBt(0.3485 g, 2.58mmol),将溶液搅拌至澄明后加入N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, NAC)(0.8420 g, 5.16 mmol)和EDC·HCl(3.9568 g, 20.64 mmol)溶解,并用稀盐酸(约1 mol/L)调pH至5.0,氮气保护下避光反应24 h。反应结束后,用1 mol/L的NaOH调节pH至7.5-8.0范围内,称量二硫苏糖醇(1.5918 g, 10.32 mmol),溶解于约2 ml水后加入上述反应体系。氮气保护下避光搅拌反应30 h。将反应溶液在5 mmol/L HCl + 2 μmol/L EDTA在10℃下暗处透析3天(透析袋3500Da),而后于5 mmol/L HCl + 1% NaCl体系下透析一天,最后在水中透析一天,冻干得终产物,即为巯基修饰壳聚糖(CS-SH)。
该反应的反应式如图1a所示,壳聚糖及巯基修饰壳聚糖的红外图谱如图1b和图1c所示。
2、巯基修饰普鲁兰糖的制备
(1)NAC修饰普鲁兰糖制备巯基修饰普鲁兰糖:
精密称取NAC (0.6260 g,3.84 mmol),置于50mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下加入DMSO4 mL溶解,称取EDCI (0.2610 g,13.62 mmol)和DMAP (0.1350 mg, 1.11 mmol) 加入DMSO2 mL溶解后,缓慢滴加入到上述三颈瓶中,氮气保护下磁力搅拌,避光并将羧基活化1 h。
另称取普鲁兰糖(Pul)约600 mg,向上述体系中加入DMSO 50 mL溶解,并在氮气保护下,室温搅拌反应24h。反应结束后,加入冰乙醇65 ml沉淀离心(3000 rpm,5 min)得到产物,并将产物用冰乙醇洗涤三次,于40℃下旋蒸7 min左右干燥得中间产物,并将其溶解于30 mL水中,加入二硫苏糖醇188 mg,氮气保护下搅拌24 h以还原二硫键。还原结束后将反应溶液在5 mmol/L HCl + 2 μmol/L EDTA在10℃下暗处透析3天(透析袋3500Da),之后在5mmol/L HCl + 1% NaCl下透析一天,最后在水中透析一天,冷干得终产物,即为巯基修饰普鲁兰糖。
该反应的反应式如图2a所示,采用红外光谱法进行结构验证,普鲁兰糖及巯基修饰普鲁兰糖的红外光谱如图2b和图2c所示,未见官能团的引入或消失,说明无法经由此反应成功将巯基修饰至普鲁兰糖。
(2)硫辛酸修饰普鲁兰糖制备巯基修饰普鲁兰糖:
称取硫辛酸(LA)约46 mg,置于50 mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下加入DMSO 4 mL溶解。称取261 mg的EDC·HCl和135 mg 的DMAP,用2 mL DMSO溶解后,缓慢滴加入到上述三颈瓶中,氮气保护下磁力搅拌,避光并将羧基活化1 h。
另称取普鲁兰糖(Pul)约600 mg,向上述体系中加入DMSO 50 mL溶解,并在氮气保护下,室温避光搅拌反应24 h。反应结束后,加入冰乙醇65 ml沉淀离心(3000 rpm,5 min)得到产物,并将产物用冰乙醇洗涤三次,于40℃下旋蒸7 min左右干燥得中间产物,并将其溶解于30 mL水中,加入二硫苏糖醇188 mg,氮气保护下搅拌24 h以还原二硫键。还原结束后将反应溶液在5 mmol/L HCl + 2 μmol/L EDTA在10℃下暗处透析3天(透析袋3500Da),之后在5 mmol/L HCl + 1% NaCl下透析一天,最后在水中透析一天,冷干得终产物,即为巯基修饰普鲁兰糖(Pul-SH)。
该反应的反应式如图3a所示,采用红外光谱法进行结构验证,普鲁兰糖及巯基修饰普鲁兰糖的红外谱图如图3b所示,1727.57 cm-1为Pul与LA形成的酯键的C=O特征吸收峰,表明LA的羧基与Pul的羟基形成酯键。说明,经过此反应能成功合成巯基修饰的普鲁兰糖。
3、水凝胶的制备
分别称取制备得到的巯基修饰的壳聚糖(CS-SH) 100 mg、普鲁兰糖(Pul-SH)50mg和多肽(CRDPLGLAGDRC) 3.82 mg,加入1.5 mL水中,搅拌溶解,37 ℃放置12 h使得巯基充分反应并交联,交联反应的方程式如图4a所示,再于-20 ℃和室温反复冻融三次,即形成凝胶。上述凝胶经冷冻干燥后制备得凝胶干品,保存待用。
凝胶冷冻干燥后在-20 ℃干燥保存,凝胶的扫描电子显微镜成像如图4b所示。
实施例2
不同处方水凝胶的黏弹性测定
按Pul-SH:CS-SH质量比为2:1、1:1、1:2,采用Ellman反应测定两种材料的巯基摩尔量,然后加入巯基摩尔比80%、40%、20%、10%的多肽(CRDPLGLAGDRC)制备凝胶,采用流变仪于25 ℃,1%形变条件下,测定不同多肽修饰比例下,水凝胶的存储模量(G’)和损耗模量(G’’)随振荡频率变化的变化趋势,考察不同多肽修饰对凝胶强度的影响。水凝胶的黏弹性质如图5a-b所示。结果可见,图5a中随着多肽量加入的增加,凝胶的存储模量、损耗模量和黏度均有降低的趋势。在保证一定机械强度的情况下,选择多肽量较多的比例(20%),以期达到更好的酶响应效果。按照巯基摩尔比20%的多肽含量分别制备Pul-SH:CS-SH为质量比2:1、1:1、1:2的凝胶,测量流变学性质,图5b中结果可见,随着壳聚糖比例增加,凝胶的存储模量、损耗模量和黏度均有升高的趋势。
实施例3
水凝胶的溶胀率测定
取CS-SH:Pul-SH质量比为2:1、1:1和1:2的三种凝胶干品,称量得其质量为W0,平行三份,加入水中,于0.5、1、2、4、6、24、8、72、96、120、144、168 h从水中取出,用滤纸小心吸去表面水分后称重,不同时间点的重量记为Wh(h为时间)。溶胀度(swelling ratio, SR)计算公式:SR=(Wh-W0)/W0。对SR随时间变化作图以表征凝胶的溶胀动力学。SR达到最大值时为凝胶的饱和溶胀度。水凝胶的溶胀率测定图如图6所示。由结果可知三种比例的凝胶在6h内均可迅速吸水溶胀达到饱和溶胀度,而且壳聚糖比例越大,饱和溶胀度越大。
综合黏弹性、溶胀度的实验结果,优选CS-SH:Pul-SH为2:1,多肽比例20%的处方作为凝胶制剂最优处方。
实施例4
水凝胶的酶敏感释放
取凝胶干品(CS-SH:Pul-SH为2:1)30 mg,预先将100 μL IgG的浓溶液(含2 mglgG)和100 μL DOX脂质体(含0.6 mg DOX)滴加于凝胶干品上,静置10 min待完全吸收,随后将载药凝胶置于离心管中进行体外释药实验,分别以Hepes缓冲液和含MMP-9酶浓度7.5μg/ml MMP-9的Hepes缓冲液为释放介质,每组平行三份。将离心管置于37℃,50 rpm的恒温摇床震荡孵育,于1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d、7 d从上清取样检测,每个时间点取200 μL样品用于DOX检测,2 μL样品用于IgG检测,凝胶的释药曲线如图7a-b所示。图7a为IgG的释放曲线,图7b为DOX的释放曲线,可以看出该凝胶在14天内具有缓释的效果,同时MMP-9的作用下能加速药物的释放,论证了该凝胶的MMP酶敏感性。
实施例5
凝胶材料的药物包载考察
取凝胶干品(CS-SH:Pul-SH为2:1)5 mg置于载玻片上,向上分别滴加100 μL DOX脂质体及100 μL IgG-FITC的浓溶液,待含药浓溶液被充分吸收进凝胶中后,盖上盖玻片,并置于荧光显微镜下拍照,考察载体对药物包载情况。图8a为IgG-FITC在凝胶的分布情况,图8b为DOX脂质体在凝胶的分布情况,实验结果所示两种药物均能均匀的分布于药物载体中,证明本凝胶能有效负载纳米药物及蛋白药物。
实施例6
凝胶材料的血细胞吸收能力考察
取凝胶干品(CS-SH:Pul-SH为2:1)10 mg置于西林瓶中,50 μL经抗凝处理的全血滴加于凝胶表面。静置待血液被完全吸收进入凝胶后,向西林瓶中加入4 mL纯水,并于不同的时间点拍照考察凝胶材料对血细胞的吸收能力。如图9所示,凝胶能将血细胞吸附于三维网状结构内,加入水后,即使吸水溶胀也能在一定时间范围内捕获血细胞,证明了本凝胶能有效吸附细胞。
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Claims (5)

1.一种水凝胶,其特征在于,由壳聚糖、普鲁兰糖和MMPs敏感多肽交联后制备得到;
所述壳聚糖的分子上修饰有巯基,所述普鲁兰糖的分子上修饰有巯基;
所述MMPs敏感多肽的序列选自CPVGLIGC、CEGPLGVRGKC、CPLGLAGGC、CGGALGLPC或CRDPLGLAGDRC;
所述壳聚糖和普鲁兰糖的质量比为1:4-4:1,所述MMPs敏感多肽的用量为壳聚糖和普鲁兰糖的巯基修饰总摩尔量的10-80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述水凝胶含有活性药物,活性药物为化疗药物和/或抗体类药物。
3.权利要求1所述的水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备修饰有巯基的壳聚糖;
步骤2,制备修饰有巯基的普鲁兰糖;
步骤3,将修饰有巯基的壳聚糖和修饰有巯基的普鲁兰糖溶解在水中,然后加入MMPs敏感多肽,35-40℃反应12-16h,得到交联产物;
步骤4,将交联后的产物反复冻融,得到凝胶;
步骤5,将步骤4的凝胶进行冷冻干燥,即可得到所述水凝胶。
4.权利要求1或2所述的水凝胶在制备肿瘤术后用治疗试剂中的应用。
5.一种肿瘤术后用治疗试剂,其特征在于,包括权利要求1或2所述的水凝胶。
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