CN114216705B - Damping performance simulation debugging method of oil pressure damper - Google Patents
Damping performance simulation debugging method of oil pressure damper Download PDFInfo
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- CN114216705B CN114216705B CN202111498684.9A CN202111498684A CN114216705B CN 114216705 B CN114216705 B CN 114216705B CN 202111498684 A CN202111498684 A CN 202111498684A CN 114216705 B CN114216705 B CN 114216705B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a damping performance simulation debugging method of an oil pressure shock absorber; according to the debugging method, two parts which are originally arranged in the shock absorber and used for performance test of the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are moved to the outside of the shock absorber, and are arranged in a special tool, so that the mechanical parameters of the shock absorber can be conveniently adjusted from the outside; the pressure simulation mechanism is characterized in that a piston rod drives a solid piston assembly to perform harmonic vibration at a specified speed in a pressure cylinder part, oil in the pressure cylinder is forced to generate pressure, the pressure is transmitted to a piston unit and a bottom valve unit through oil in an oil pipe to generate damping force, and then the damping force is obtained by adjusting an adjusting screw. The piston units and the bottom valve units which pass simulation are assembled in pairs in the shock absorber, and then are arranged on a shock absorber performance test bed for testing, so that the damping force parameters are measured, and the qualification rate is obviously improved and even reaches 100%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil pressure vibration absorbers for rail locomotives and vehicles. In particular, the invention relates to a device and a method for simulating and adjusting damping force of a piston unit and a bottom valve unit of an oil pressure shock absorber for rail locomotives.
Background
The structure schematic diagram 1 of a typical oil pressure damper for rolling stock is divided into a rod type connection (figure 1 a) and a ring type connection (figure 1 b) damper according to a connection mode, and the damper mainly comprises a damping pad or rubber joint 1, a protective cover part 2, a piston rod 3, a guiding oil seal assembly 4, an air bag 5, a pressure cylinder 6, a piston unit 7, a bottom valve unit 8, an oil storage cylinder part 9 and oil liquid 10. Wherein the piston unit 7 and the bottom valve unit 8 are of a core valve spring type structure.
The working principle of the shock absorber is shown in fig. 2, when the shock absorber is acted by external force, the piston rod 3 drives the piston unit 7 to do pulling and pressing reciprocating motion, oil in the pressure cylinder 6 is extruded by the piston unit 7 to generate high pressure, and the high pressure oil liquid generates damping force through the piston unit 7 or the bottom valve unit 8. In the compression process, the piston rod 3 drives the piston unit 7 to move downwards, high pressure is generated between the lower end of the piston unit 7 and the oil in the pressure cylinder 6 at the upper end of the bottom valve unit 8, the oil in the area flows in the direction shown in the left side of fig. 2, namely, one part of the oil flows to the upper cavity of the pressure cylinder 6 through the valve system of the piston unit 7, and the other part of the oil flows to the oil storage cylinder 9 through the valve system of the bottom valve unit 8, so that compression damping force is generated; in the stretching process, the piston rod 3 drives the piston unit 7 to move upwards, high pressure is generated between the upper end of the piston unit 7 and the oil in the pressure cylinder 6 at the lower end of the guide sealing assembly 4, the oil in the area flows in the direction shown on the right side in fig. 2, namely, flows to the lower cavity of the pressure cylinder 6 through the valve system of the piston unit 7, a stretching damping force is generated, and in order to prevent the shock absorber from generating idle stroke, a part of oil is sucked from the oil storage cylinder 9 and is supplemented to the lower cavity of the pressure cylinder 6 through the valve system of the bottom valve unit 8.
The generation of the shock absorber damping force results from the cooperation of the piston unit 7 or the base valve unit 8 or both. The accuracy of the damping force depends on the component accuracy of the piston unit 7 or the base valve unit 8. Specifically:
1. the core valve spring type piston unit structure (adjustable) is shown in fig. 3, and the part mainly comprises a piston body 71 and two opposite one-way damping through-flow assemblies which are arranged in a centering way. The unidirectional damping through-flow assembly consists of a piston spring 72, a piston core valve 73 and a piston adjusting screw 74; the consistency of the rigidity of the piston spring 72, the precision of the screw engagement of the piston adjusting screw 74 with the piston body 71, the dimensional precision of the clearance between the piston core valve 73 and the piston adjusting screw 74, and the flatness of the contact end surface all affect the accuracy of the damping force, and the mechanical properties of the components after assembly can be realized by adjusting the piston adjusting screw 74 to change the initial compression amount of the piston spring 72.
2. The spring type bottom valve unit structure (non-adjustable) of the core valve is shown in fig. 4, the component mainly comprises a bottom valve body 81, a bottom valve spring 82, a bottom valve core valve 83, a core valve seat 84 and a reed 85, the rigidity consistency of the bottom valve spring 82, the dimensional precision of the fit clearance between the bottom valve core valve 83 and the core valve seat 84 and the unevenness of the end face can all influence the precision of damping force, and after the component is assembled, the mechanical property of the component can not be changed; unless the component is broken, the base valve spring 82 pre-pressure is changed by increasing or decreasing the shim thickness.
3. The core valve spring type bottom valve unit structure (adjustable) is shown in fig. 5a and 5b, and the component mainly comprises a bottom valve body 81, a bottom valve spring 82, a bottom valve core valve 83, a bottom valve adjusting screw 87, a reed 85 and a valve plate 86; wherein fig. 5a is a lower adjustment configuration and fig. 5b is an upper adjustment configuration. The reed 85 is a tower-shaped reed; the rigidity consistency of the bottom valve spring 82, the flatness of the valve plate 86, the dimensional accuracy of the fit clearance between the bottom valve core valve 83 and the core valve seat 84 and the flatness of the end face can all influence the accuracy of damping force, and after the components are assembled, the mechanical properties can be realized by changing the compression amount of the bottom valve spring 82 through the bottom valve adjusting screw 87.
After the shock absorber is assembled, performance test is carried out, the newly manufactured shock absorber has about 15 percent of out-of-tolerance damping force, and the shock absorber is overhauled to about 30 percent of out-of-tolerance damping force. The performance of the newly manufactured shock absorber is out of tolerance mainly caused by low manufacturing precision of parts; the over-tolerance of the overhauling vibration absorber performance is related to the use state of parts of the overhauling vibration absorber (the overhauling vibration absorber refers to a vibration absorber which runs, parts are worn, the precision of the parts is reduced, and the matching state is changed) besides the low precision of the parts. For the treatment of the damper with the out-of-tolerance damping force, the conventional method is to decompose the damper, replace the piston unit 7 or the bottom valve unit 8 with problems, reassemble and then test again until the damping force reaches the standard, and the damper has the advantages of low one-time assembly qualification rate, large reworking workload and low working efficiency. Another possible measure is to solve the above problem by increasing the manufacturing accuracy of the piston body, the bottom valve body, the spring, the core valve, the adjusting screw, the core valve seat, etc., but the above material costs will increase 2 to 3 times.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a damping performance simulation debugging method and device for an oil pressure shock absorber. The method comprises the steps of respectively placing a preassembled piston unit and a preassembled bottom valve unit in a piston unit clamp and a preassembled bottom valve unit clamp, axially compacting, filling oil into the clamps and the pressure simulation mechanism by an oil station, driving the pressure simulation mechanism to perform harmonic vibration by using a shock absorber performance test bed, testing damping force generated by the combination of the piston unit and the bottom valve unit according to a specified speed, and properly adjusting the piston unit or the bottom valve unit according to the result until the damping force meets the requirement.
The invention provides a method for simulating and debugging damping performance of an oil pressure shock absorber, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, assembling the piston unit and the bottom valve unit according to requirements. The piston unit and the bottom valve unit are arranged in a damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber. The damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber comprises a piston unit clamp, a bottom valve unit clamp and a pressure simulation mechanism. The piston unit clamp is used for clamping the piston unit and can adjust an adjusting screw in the piston unit; the bottom valve unit clamp is used for clamping the bottom valve unit. The pressure simulation mechanism is provided with two pressure chambers separated by a piston assembly.
Two oil through ports are formed in the piston unit clamp and the bottom valve unit clamp; after the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are respectively arranged in the piston unit clamp and the bottom valve unit clamp, the piston unit separates two oil through holes on the piston unit clamp; the bottom valve unit separates two oil through holes on the bottom valve unit clamp. Two oil through holes on the piston unit clamp are respectively connected with two pressure cavities of the pressure simulation mechanism. One oil through port on the bottom valve unit clamp is communicated with one pressure cavity of the pressure simulation mechanism; the other oil through hole on the bottom valve unit clamp and the other pressure cavity of the pressure simulation mechanism are connected with the oil storage cylinder.
And step two, injecting hydraulic medium into the piston unit clamp, the bottom valve unit clamp and the pressure simulation mechanism.
Driving a piston assembly in the pressure simulation mechanism to move so as to change the pressure in two pressure cavities of the pressure simulation mechanism; damping forces experienced by the piston assembly when moving in both directions are detected separately. The two damping forces correspond to the tensile damping force and the compressive damping force of the tuned oil pressure shock absorber respectively; when the tensile damping force or the compressive damping force is not within the preset range, the adjusting screw in the piston unit is adjusted so that both the tensile damping force and the compressive damping force remain within the preset range.
Preferably, the damping force applied to the piston assembly when the hydraulic medium is input into the oil storage cylinder is compression damping force; the damping force applied to the piston assembly when the hydraulic medium outputs the oil storage cylinder is a tensile damping force; in the case where the adjustment screw is provided in the base valve unit, if the compression damping force is not within the preset range, the adjustment screw in the base valve unit is adjusted while the adjustment screw in the piston unit is adjusted so that the compression damping force is maintained within the preset range.
Preferably, the bottom valve unit clamp is provided with a third valve adjusting mechanism and a fourth valve adjusting mechanism which are respectively positioned at two sides of the bottom valve unit clamp. And shifting forks are respectively arranged at the ends of the third valve adjusting mechanism and the fourth valve adjusting mechanism, which face the bottom valve unit, and are respectively used for adjusting screws in the upper adjusting bottom valve unit and the lower adjusting bottom valve unit.
Preferably, the piston unit clamp is provided with a first valve adjusting mechanism and a second valve adjusting mechanism which are respectively positioned at two sides of the piston unit clamp. The ends of the first valve adjusting mechanism and the second valve adjusting mechanism, which face the piston unit, are respectively provided with a shifting fork for adjusting screws on two sides of the piston unit.
Preferably, after the tension damping force and the compression damping force are maintained in the preset ranges, the piston unit and the base valve unit are removed, and each adjusting screw is welded and fixed to the tuned oil pressure shock absorber.
Preferably, the damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber further comprises an oil station and a workbench. The oil station is connected with the bottom valve unit clamp and is used for injecting hydraulic medium into the piston unit clamp, the bottom valve unit clamp and the pressure simulation mechanism. A stop valve is arranged between the oil storage cylinder and the bottom valve unit clamp.
Preferably, the piston unit clamp comprises a first linear power element, a first upper fixing plate, a first moving frame, a first pressure head assembly, a first lower fixing plate, a piston positioning assembly, a first guide pillar and a first bottom plate; the first guide post is fixed on the first bottom plate; the first upper fixing plate and the first lower fixing plate which are arranged at intervals are fixed on the first guide post. The first moving frame is connected to the first guide post in a sliding manner and is positioned between the first upper fixing plate and the first lower fixing plate. The first motion frame is driven by a first linear power element. The first pressure head component and the piston positioning component are oppositely arranged and are respectively arranged at the bottom of the first moving frame and the first lower fixing plate.
The first pressure head assembly comprises a first valve adjusting mechanism, a first pressure head and a first pipe joint. The first pressure head is fixed at the bottom of the first motion frame. The bottom of first pressure head has seted up first recess. The first pipe joint is arranged on the side part of the first pressure head and communicated with the first groove. The first valve adjusting mechanism is eccentrically arranged in the first pressure head, and a shifting fork at the end part of the first valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right lower direction.
The piston positioning assembly comprises a center pin, an eccentric pin, a second pipe joint, a first positioning seat and a second valve adjusting mechanism; the first positioning seat is fixed on the first lower fixing plate. The top of first positioning seat has offered the first mounting groove that is used for placing the piston unit. The center pin is fixed at the center position of the bottom of the first mounting groove. The eccentric pin is fixed in the first mounting groove and is positioned at one side of the center pin. The second pipe joint is installed at the lateral part of the first positioning seat and communicated with the first installation groove. The second valve adjusting mechanism is eccentrically arranged in the first positioning seat, and a shifting fork at the end part of the second valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right upper direction.
Preferably, the bottom valve unit clamp comprises a second linear power element, a second upper fixing plate, a second moving frame, a second pressure head assembly, a second lower fixing plate, a bottom valve positioning assembly, a second guide post and a second bottom plate. The second guide post is fixed on the second bottom plate; the second upper fixing plate and the second lower fixing plate which are arranged at intervals are fixed on the second guide post. The second moving frame is connected to the second guide post in a sliding manner and is positioned between the second upper fixing plate and the second lower fixing plate. The second moving frame is driven by a second linear power element. The second pressure head assembly and the piston positioning assembly are oppositely arranged and are respectively arranged at the bottom of the second moving frame and on the second lower fixing plate.
The second pressure head assembly comprises a third valve adjusting mechanism, a second pressure head and a third pipe joint. The second pressure head is fixed at the bottom of the second motion frame. The bottom of the second pressure head is provided with a second groove. The third valve adjusting mechanism is arranged in the middle of the second pressure head. The third pipe joint is arranged on the side part of the second pressure head and communicated with the second groove. The third valve adjusting mechanism is arranged in the second pressure head, and a shifting fork at the end part of the third valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right lower direction.
The bottom valve positioning assembly comprises a reservoir cylinder, a fourth pipe joint, a second positioning seat and a fourth valve adjusting mechanism; the second positioning seat is fixed on the second lower fixing plate; a second mounting groove is formed in the top of the second positioning seat; the fourth pipe joint is arranged on the side part of the second positioning seat and communicated with the second mounting groove. The fourth valve adjusting mechanism is arranged on the second positioning seat, and the shifting fork at the end part of the fourth valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right upper direction.
The pressure simulation mechanism comprises a piston rod, a guiding sealing part, a piston assembly and a pressure cylinder component. The piston assembly is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder member to divide the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder member into a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber. The guide seal is provided at an end of the cylinder member. The inner end of the piston rod is connected with the piston assembly, and the outer end passes through the guiding sealing part and keeps sealing.
Preferably, the pressure cylinder part includes a fifth pipe joint, an oil collecting disc, a sixth pipe joint, a pressure cylinder, a seventh pipe joint, an eighth pipe joint, and a lower end cover. The oil collecting disc and the lower end cover are respectively fixed at two ends of the pressure cylinder. The fifth pipe joint, the sixth pipe joint, the seventh pipe joint and the eighth pipe joint are all arranged on the pressure cylinder. The fifth pipe joint and the sixth pipe joint are connected with a first pressure cavity on the pressure cylinder; the seventh pipe joint and the eighth pipe joint are connected with a second pressure cavity on the pressure cylinder; the third pipe joint is connected with the eighth pipe joint; the seventh pipe joint is connected with the first pipe joint; the second pipe joint is connected with the sixth pipe joint; the fifth pipe joint is connected with the oil storage cylinder.
Preferably, the first linear power element and the second linear power element adopt an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably, the guiding sealing assembly comprises a screw cover, an oil seal and a guiding seat. The screw cover is screwed on the oil collecting disc at the end part of the pressure cylinder part; the guide seat is arranged on the inner side of the screw cover and limited with the end part of the pressure cylinder part through adjustment; the center positions of the guide seat and the screw cover are provided with guide holes. An oil seal is arranged in the guide hole. The piston rod passes through the guide hole and is sealed by an oil seal.
Preferably, the piston assembly comprises a piston ring and a piston body; the piston ring is sleeved and fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the piston body.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the first mounting groove is provided with two stages of steps; the two-stage steps are used for positioning the piston unit in the vertical direction and the radial direction; a first sealing ring is arranged on the first-stage step positioned below; the top of the side surface of the center pin is provided with a second sealing ring; the top of first positioning seat is provided with the third sealing washer that encircles first mounting groove top opening. In the testing process, the first valve adjusting mechanism and the second valve adjusting mechanism are respectively aligned with a plurality of adjusting screws on two sides of the piston unit.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the second installation groove is provided with a first step; the step is used for positioning the bottom valve in the vertical direction and the radial direction, and a fourth sealing ring is arranged on the step; the top of second positioning seat is provided with the fifth sealing washer that encircles second mounting groove open-top.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, two parts which are originally arranged in the shock absorber and used for performing performance test on the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are moved to the outside of the shock absorber, and are arranged in a special tool, so that the mechanical parameters of the shock absorber can be conveniently adjusted from the outside, and each link affecting the mechanical properties of the shock absorber is controlled by adopting necessary sealing measures; the pressure simulation mechanism is characterized in that a piston rod drives a solid piston assembly to perform harmonic vibration at a specified speed on a pressure cylinder part, oil in the pressure cylinder is forced to generate pressure, the pressure is transmitted to a piston unit and a bottom valve unit through oil in an oil pipe to generate damping force, and then the damping force is obtained by adjusting an adjusting screw. The piston units and the bottom valve units which pass through simulation are assembled in pairs in the shock absorber, and then are arranged on a shock absorber performance test bed for testing, so that damping force parameters are measured, and at the moment, the qualification rate is remarkably improved and even reaches 100%.
2. According to the invention, the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are moved from the shock absorber to an external test, the difference of test environments is considered, the simulation test result is possibly different from the test result after the shock absorber is assembled, the compensation can be performed in the process of simulation debugging, and the damping force of the final shock absorber is ensured to reach the standard.
3. The invention is suitable for the piston unit or the bottom valve unit with adjustable structure, and is suitable for newly manufactured shock absorbers with low manufacturing precision of parts or shock absorbers to be overhauled after being used. The problems of low assembly qualification rate and repeated disassembly and reworking of the shock absorber are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical oil pressure damper;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hydraulic shock absorber (left side in compression and right side in tension);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core valve spring type piston unit (adjustable);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core valve spring type base valve unit (non-adjustable);
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core valve spring type bottom valve unit (down-regulation);
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core valve spring type bottom valve unit (up-regulation);
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a damping performance simulation debugging device for an oil pressure shock absorber in a non-working state;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating and debugging the damping performance of an oil pressure shock absorber according to the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a schematic view of a piston unit clamp according to the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a schematic view of the piston positioning assembly of the present invention (an enlarged partial view of portion A of FIG. 7 a);
FIG. 8a is a schematic view of a bottom valve unit fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 8B is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom valve positioning assembly of the present invention (a partial enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 8 a);
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure simulation mechanism in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 6a and 6b, an oil pressure shock absorber damping performance simulation debugging device includes a piston unit jig 100, a base valve unit jig 200, a pressure simulation mechanism 300, an oil station 400, an oil pipe 500, a table 600, and a shock absorber performance test stand (not shown in the drawings).
As shown in fig. 7a and 7b, the piston unit jig 100 includes a first linear power element 110, a first upper fixing plate 120, a first moving frame 130, a first ram assembly 140, a first lower fixing plate 160, a piston positioning assembly 170, a first guide post 180, and a first bottom plate 190; the first linear power element 110 employs a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. The bottom ends of the two first guide posts 180 which are vertically arranged are fixed with a first bottom plate 190; the first upper fixing plate 120 and the first lower fixing plate 160, which are disposed at an upper-lower interval, are fixed on the two first guide posts 180. The first moving frame 130 is slidably connected to the two first guide posts 180, and is located between the first upper fixing plate 120 and the first lower fixing plate 160. The first linear power element 110 is fixed on the first upper fixed plate 120, and the push-pull part of the linear motion is fixed with the top of the first moving frame 130. The first ram assembly 140 and the piston positioning assembly 170 are disposed opposite to each other, and are mounted on the bottom of the first moving frame 130 and the first lower fixing plate 160, respectively.
The first ram assembly 140 includes a first valving mechanism 141, a first ram 142, and a first pipe joint 143. The first ram 142 is fixed to the bottom of the first moving frame 130. A first groove is formed in the bottom of the first ram 142. The first pipe joint 143 is installed at a side portion of the first ram 142 and communicates with the first groove. The first valve adjustment mechanism 141 is eccentrically installed in the first ram 142, and the fork at the end portion thereof faces directly downward (the eccentric first valve adjustment mechanism 141 is located at the rear side of the central axis, and the connection manner of the first valve adjustment mechanism 141 is shown in the drawing, so that it is drawn at the central position).
The piston positioning assembly 170 includes a center pin 171, an eccentric pin 172, a second pipe joint 173, a first positioning seat 174, a second valving mechanism 175, a first seal ring 176, a second seal ring 177, and a third seal ring 178; the first positioning seat 174 is fixed to the first lower fixing plate 160. A first mounting groove for placing the piston unit is formed at the top of the first positioning seat 174. The first groove and the first mounting groove are arranged opposite to each other and used for positioning and clamping the debugged piston unit; the center pin 171 is fixed to the center of the bottom of the first mounting groove. The eccentric pin 172 is fixed in the first mounting groove and is located at one side of the center pin 171. The relative positions of the center pin 171 and the eccentric pin 172 coincide with the relative positions of the center hole and the eccentric hole on the piston unit 7 to be tuned. The second pipe joint 173 is installed at a side portion of the first positioning seat 174 and communicates with the first installation groove. The second valve regulating mechanism 175 is eccentrically installed in the first positioning seat 174 with its end fork directed directly upward.
The inner side wall of the first mounting groove is provided with two stages of steps; the two-stage steps are used for positioning the piston unit in the vertical direction; a first sealing ring 176 is arranged on the lower primary step; a second sealing ring 177 is arranged at the top of the side surface of the center pin 171; the top of the first positioning seat 174 is provided with a third sealing ring 178 surrounding the top opening of the first mounting groove.
During testing, the first and second valving mechanisms 141 and 175 are aligned with two piston adjustment screws 74 in the piston unit 7, respectively. The first valve adjusting mechanism 141 and the second valve adjusting mechanism 175 can respectively rotate the two piston adjusting screws 74 in the piston unit 7, so as to realize the adjustment of the tensile damping force and the compression damping force of the piston unit 7.
As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the base valve unit jig 200 includes a second linear power element 210, a second upper fixed plate 220, a second moving frame 230, a second ram assembly 240, a second lower fixed plate 260, a base valve positioning assembly 270, a second guide post 280, and a second bottom plate 290; the second linear power element 210 employs a pneumatic cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
The bottom ends of the two second guide posts 280 which are vertically arranged are fixed with a second bottom plate 290; the second upper fixing plate 220 and the second lower fixing plate 260, which are disposed at an upper-lower interval, are fixed on the two second guide posts 280. The second moving frame 230 is slidably connected to the two second guide posts 280, and is located between the second upper fixing plate 220 and the second lower fixing plate 260. The second linear power element 210 is fixed to the second upper fixed plate 220, and the push-pull part of the linear motion is fixed to the top of the second moving frame 230. The second ram assembly 240 and the piston positioning assembly 270 are oppositely disposed, and are mounted on the bottom of the second moving frame 230 and the second lower fixing plate 260, respectively.
The second ram assembly 240 includes a third valving mechanism 241, a second ram 242, and a third tube joint 243. The second ram 242 is fixed to the bottom of the second moving frame 230. A second groove is formed in the bottom of the second ram 242. The third valve adjusting mechanism 241 is installed at the middle of the second ram 242 for pressing and fixing the piston unit under test from top to bottom. A third pipe joint 243 is installed at a side portion of the second ram 242 and communicates with the second groove. The third valve regulating mechanism 241 is eccentrically installed in the second ram 242, and a fork at an end thereof faces directly downward. The position of the third valve adjusting mechanism 241 corresponds to the position of the bottom valve adjusting screw of the upper-adjustment bottom valve unit.
The bottom valve positioning assembly 270 includes a reservoir cylinder 271, a shut-off valve 272, a fourth pipe joint 273, a second positioning seat 274, a fourth valve adjustment mechanism 275, a fourth seal ring 276, and a fifth seal ring 277; the second positioning seat 274 is fixed on the second lower fixing plate 260; a second mounting groove is formed in the top of the second positioning seat 274; the second groove and the second mounting groove are arranged opposite to each other and used for positioning and clamping the debugged bottom valve unit; the inner side wall of the second mounting groove is provided with a first-stage step; the step is used for positioning the bottom valve in the vertical direction, and a fourth sealing ring 276 is arranged on the step; the top of the second positioning seat 274 is provided with a fifth sealing ring 277 surrounding the top opening of the second mounting groove. The fourth pipe joint 273 is mounted on a side of the second positioning seat 274 and communicates with the second mounting groove. The oil storage cylinder 271 is fixed on the workbench 600, and an oil port at the bottom is connected with the second mounting groove through a pipe and a stop valve 272. The fourth valve adjusting mechanism 275 vertically passes through the second positioning seat 274, and the fork at the end thereof faces directly above and is located at the center position in the second mounting groove. The position of the fourth valve adjusting mechanism 275 corresponds to the position of the bottom valve adjusting screw of the bottom valve unit. The third valve adjusting mechanism 241 and the fourth valve adjusting mechanism 275 are respectively used for adjusting damping force of the up-adjusting bottom valve unit and the down-adjusting bottom valve unit.
As shown in fig. 9, the pressure simulation mechanism 300 includes a piston rod 310, a guide seal 320, a piston assembly 330, and a pressure cylinder member 340. The piston assembly 330 is slidably coupled within the interior cavity of the cylinder member 340, dividing the interior cavity of the cylinder member 340 into a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber (i.e., a rod-and rodless chamber). The guide sealing portion 320 is provided at an end of the cylinder member 340. The inner end of the piston rod 310 is fixed to the piston assembly 330 and the outer end passes through the guide seal 320 and remains sealed.
The pilot seal assembly 320 includes a screw cap 321, an oil seal 322, an O-ring 323, and a pilot boss 324. The screw cap 321 is screwed on the oil collecting disc 342 at the end of the pressure cylinder part 340; the guide seat 324 is arranged on the inner side of the screw cover 321 and limited with the end part of the pressure cylinder part 340 through adjustment; guide holes are formed in the center of the guide seat 324 and the center of the screw cover 321. An O-ring 323 is arranged in the guide hole. The piston rod 310 passes through the guide hole and is sealed by an O-ring 323.
The piston assembly 330 includes a piston ring 331 and a piston body 332; the piston ring 331 is fitted over and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the piston body 332.
The cylinder part 340 includes a fifth pipe joint 341, an oil collecting pan 342, a sixth pipe joint 343, a cylinder 344, a seventh pipe joint 345, an eighth pipe joint 346, and a lower end cap 347. The oil collecting pan 342 and the lower end cap 347 are respectively fixed to both ends of the pressure cylinder 344. The fifth pipe joint 341, the sixth pipe joint 343, the seventh pipe joint 345, and the eighth pipe joint 346 are all mounted on the cylinder 344. The fifth pipe joint 341 and the sixth pipe joint 343 are connected to the first pressure chamber in the pressure cylinder 344; the seventh pipe joint 345 and the eighth pipe joint 346 are each connected with the second pressure chamber in the pressure cylinder 344;
the oil station 400 is connected to the fourth pipe joint 273 on the base valve unit jig 200 through the oil pipe 500; the third pipe joint 243 is connected to the eighth pipe joint 346 through the oil pipe 500; the seventh pipe joint 345 is connected to the first pipe joint 143 through the oil pipe 500; the second pipe joint 173 is connected to the sixth pipe joint 343 through the oil pipe 500; the fifth pipe joint 341 is connected to the reservoir 271 through an oil pipe 500. In order to reduce the pressure loss of the oil passage, the oil pipe 500 should be noted to have a diameter as large as possible and a length as short as possible.
The adjusting knobs of the first valve adjusting mechanism 141, the second valve adjusting mechanism 175, the third valve adjusting mechanism 241 and the fourth valve adjusting mechanism 275 are arranged outside the corresponding clamps, and the shifting forks are all arranged inside the clamps.
The piston rod 310 and the lower end cap 347 are mounted on a shock absorber performance test stand in the same manner as the conventional shock absorber test, and will not be described in detail herein. The piston rod 310 can perform harmonic vibration under the drive of the shock absorber performance test stand, and detect the damping force received during the vibration.
The testing method of the oil pressure shock absorber valve body sealing testing device comprises the following steps:
step one, placing the pre-assembled piston unit 7 on the piston positioning assembly 170 of the piston unit clamp 100, and enabling the center hole (with the downward light hole and the upward threaded hole) and the eccentric hole of the piston unit 7 to be respectively sleeved on the center pin 171 and the eccentric pin 172; the center hole of the piston unit 7 and the center pin 171 are sealed by a second sealing ring 177; opening the first linear power element 110, wherein the first linear power element 110 drives the first pressure head assembly 140 to move downwards, and the lower plane of the first pressure head 142 is in contact with the third sealing ring 178 on the piston positioning assembly 170, so that sealing is realized; meanwhile, the step surface in the first pressure head 142 is in contact with the upper end surface of the piston unit 7, and axial compression is realized; at this time, the lower end surface of the piston unit 7 contacts with the first seal ring 176 on the piston positioning assembly 170, and sealing is achieved.
Step two, placing the pre-assembled bottom valve unit 8 in a second mounting hole of a second positioning seat 274 of the bottom valve positioning assembly 270 of the bottom valve unit clamp 200, starting a second linear power element 210, and enabling the second linear power element 210 to drive a second pressure head assembly 240 to move downwards, wherein a step at the outer edge of the bottom of the second pressure head 242 is in contact with a fifth sealing ring 277 of the bottom valve positioning assembly 270, and sealing is achieved; at the same time, the lower plane of the second pressure head 242 contacts with the upper end face (the position where the maximum diameter is located) of the bottom valve unit 8, and axial compression is achieved; at this time, the lower end surface of the base valve unit 8 is in contact with the fourth seal ring 276 of the base valve positioning assembly 270, and sealing is achieved.
Step three, the stop valve 272 of the bottom valve positioning assembly 270 is closed, the oil station 400 is operated by a motor, oil (the same hydraulic medium as in the measured oil pressure damper) is supplied to the system, and when oil flows into the oil storage cylinder 271 of the bottom valve unit clamp 200, oil filling is stopped, and the hydraulic medium in the system is prevented from flowing back to the oil station 400.
And fourthly, starting the working of the shock absorber performance test bed, driving the piston rod to perform harmonic vibration at a preset speed, performing speed parameters according to the shock absorber performance requirement, generating a test result, namely a damping force value, and analyzing, judging and processing the damping force. Adjustment of damping force, in the stopped state, if the tensile damping force exceeds the limit, the tensile damping force of the piston unit 7 can be adjusted to be changed by rotating the knob of the second valve adjusting mechanism 175 of the piston unit clamp 100; if the compression damping force exceeds the limit, two conditions are considered: when the base valve unit 8 is of a non-adjustable structure (see fig. 4), the compression damping force of the piston unit 7 is changed by turning the knob of the first valve adjusting mechanism 141 of the piston unit jig 100 to adjust the compression of the piston unit 7 to the corresponding piston adjusting screw (opposite direction to 74 in fig. 3); (II) when the bottom valve unit 8 is of an adjustable structure (see FIG. five), the compression of the piston unit 7 to the corresponding piston adjusting screw (opposite to the direction 74 in FIG. 3) is adjusted by turning the knob of the first valve adjusting mechanism 141 of the piston unit jig 100, and simultaneously, the adjustment of the compression damping force is also completed by turning the knob of the third valve adjusting mechanism 241 of the bottom valve unit jig 200 to adjust the bottom valve adjusting screw 87 of the bottom valve unit 8 (shown in FIG. 5 b) or the knob of the fourth valve adjusting mechanism 275 to adjust the bottom valve adjusting screw 87 of the bottom valve unit 8 FIG. 5 a). The spring is compressed to increase the force value, and the spring is stretched to decrease the force value; the fork must be aligned with the slot of the piston adjustment screw 74 (see fig. 3) of the piston unit 7 or the bottom valve adjustment screw 87 (see fig. 5) of the bottom valve unit 8 during adjustment. And restarting the test after the adjustment is finished until the test is qualified.
And step five, after the simulation test is finished, oil in the system is pumped back to the oil station 400, the first linear power element 110 of the piston unit clamp and the second linear power element 210 of the bottom valve unit clamp are lifted, the piston unit 7 and the bottom valve unit 8 are taken out, cleaning is carried out, and the piston adjusting screw 74 and the bottom valve adjusting screw 87 are welded and fixed by adopting laser welding.
Step six, the piston units and the bottom valve units which are qualified in simulation are assembled in pairs in the shock absorber, and then are installed on a shock absorber performance test bed for testing.
Claims (10)
1. A damping performance simulation debugging method of an oil pressure shock absorber is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step one, loading a debugged piston unit and a bottom valve unit into a damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber; the damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber comprises a piston unit clamp (100), a bottom valve unit clamp (200) and a pressure simulation mechanism (300); the piston unit clamp (100) is used for clamping the piston unit and can adjust an adjusting screw in the piston unit; the bottom valve unit clamp (200) is used for clamping the bottom valve unit; the pressure simulation mechanism (300) is provided with two pressure chambers separated by a piston assembly;
two oil ports are formed in the piston unit clamp (100) and the bottom valve unit clamp (200); after the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are respectively arranged in the piston unit clamp (100) and the bottom valve unit clamp (200), the piston unit separates two oil through holes on the piston unit clamp (100); the bottom valve unit separates two oil through holes on the bottom valve unit clamp (200); two oil through holes on the piston unit clamp (100) are respectively connected with two pressure cavities of the pressure simulation mechanism (300); one oil through port on the bottom valve unit clamp (200) is communicated with one pressure cavity of the pressure simulation mechanism (300); the other oil through port on the bottom valve unit clamp (200) and the other pressure cavity of the pressure simulation mechanism (300) are connected with the oil storage cylinder (271);
step two, injecting hydraulic medium into the piston unit clamp (100), the bottom valve unit clamp (200) and the pressure simulation mechanism (300);
driving a piston assembly in the pressure simulation mechanism (300) to move so as to change the pressure in two pressure cavities of the pressure simulation mechanism (300); respectively detecting damping forces applied to the piston assembly when the piston assembly moves in two directions; the two damping forces correspond to the tensile damping force and the compressive damping force of the tuned oil pressure shock absorber respectively; when the tensile damping force or the compressive damping force is not within the preset range, the adjusting screw in the piston unit is adjusted so that both the tensile damping force and the compressive damping force remain within the preset range.
2. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the damping force received by the piston assembly when the hydraulic medium is input into the oil storage cylinder (271) is compression damping force; the damping force received by the piston assembly when the hydraulic medium outputs the oil storage cylinder (271) is a tensile damping force; in the case where the adjustment screw is provided in the base valve unit, if the compression damping force is not within the preset range, the adjustment screw in the base valve unit is adjusted while the adjustment screw in the piston unit is adjusted so that the compression damping force is maintained within the preset range.
3. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the bottom valve unit clamp (200) is internally provided with a third valve adjusting mechanism (241) and a fourth valve adjusting mechanism (275) which are respectively positioned at two sides of the bottom valve unit clamp (200); the ends of the third valve adjusting mechanism (241) and the fourth valve adjusting mechanism (275) facing the bottom valve unit are respectively provided with a shifting fork which is respectively used for adjusting screws in the upper adjusting bottom valve unit and the lower adjusting bottom valve unit.
4. A method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of an oil pressure shock absorber according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the piston unit clamp (100) is internally provided with a first valve adjusting mechanism (141) and a second valve adjusting mechanism (175) which are respectively positioned at two sides of the piston unit clamp (100); the ends of the first valve adjusting mechanism (141) and the second valve adjusting mechanism (175) facing the piston unit are respectively provided with a shifting fork which is respectively used for adjusting screws on two sides of the piston unit.
5. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the tensile damping force and the compressive damping force are kept in the preset ranges, the piston unit and the bottom valve unit are taken down, and each adjusting screw is welded and fixed and is installed in the debugged oil pressure shock absorber.
6. A method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of an oil pressure shock absorber according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the damping performance simulation debugging device of the oil pressure shock absorber further comprises an oil station (400) and a workbench (600); the oil station (400) is connected with the bottom valve unit clamp (200) and is used for injecting hydraulic medium into the piston unit clamp (100), the bottom valve unit clamp (200) and the pressure simulation mechanism (300); a stop valve (272) is provided between the reservoir cylinder (271) and the base valve unit jig (200).
7. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the piston unit clamp (100) comprises a first linear power element (110), a first upper fixing plate (120), a first moving frame (130), a first pressure head assembly (140), a first lower fixing plate (160), a piston positioning assembly (170), a first guide pillar (180) and a first bottom plate (190); the first guide post (180) is fixed on the first bottom plate (190); the first upper fixing plate (120) and the first lower fixing plate (160) which are arranged at intervals are fixed on the first guide post (180); the first moving frame (130) is connected to the first guide post (180) in a sliding manner and is positioned between the first upper fixing plate (120) and the first lower fixing plate (160); the first moving frame (130) is driven by the first linear power element (110); the first pressure head assembly (140) and the piston positioning assembly (170) are oppositely arranged and respectively arranged at the bottom of the first moving frame (130) and the first lower fixed plate (160);
the first pressure head assembly (140) comprises a first valve adjusting mechanism (141), a first pressure head (142) and a first pipe joint (143); the first pressure head (142) is fixed at the bottom of the first moving frame (130); a first groove is formed in the bottom of the first pressure head (142); the first pipe joint (143) is arranged at the side part of the first pressure head (142) and is communicated with the first groove; the first valve adjusting mechanism (141) is eccentrically arranged in the first pressure head (142), and a shifting fork at the end part of the first valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right lower part;
the piston positioning assembly (170) comprises a center pin (171), an eccentric pin (172), a second pipe joint (173), a first positioning seat (174) and a second valve adjusting mechanism (175); the first positioning seat (174) is fixed on the first lower fixing plate (160); a first mounting groove for placing the piston unit is formed in the top of the first positioning seat (174); the center pin (171) is fixed at the center position of the bottom of the first mounting groove; an eccentric pin (172) is fixed in the first mounting groove and is positioned at one side of the center pin (171); the second pipe joint (173) is arranged on the side part of the first positioning seat (174) and communicated with the first mounting groove; the second valve adjusting mechanism (175) is eccentrically arranged in the first positioning seat (174), and a shifting fork at the end part of the second valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right upper direction.
8. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the bottom valve unit clamp (200) comprises a second linear power element (210), a second upper fixing plate (220), a second moving frame (230), a second pressure head assembly (240), a second lower fixing plate (260), a bottom valve positioning assembly (270), a second guide post (280) and a second bottom plate (290); the second guide post (280) is fixed on the second bottom plate (290); the second upper fixing plate (220) and the second lower fixing plate (260) which are arranged at intervals up and down are both fixed on the second guide post (280); the second moving frame (230) is connected to the second guide post (280) in a sliding manner and is positioned between the second upper fixing plate (220) and the second lower fixing plate (260); the second moving frame (230) is driven by a second linear power element (210); the second pressure head assembly (240) and the piston positioning assembly (270) are oppositely arranged and respectively arranged at the bottom of the second moving frame (230) and on the second lower fixed plate (260);
the second pressure head assembly (240) comprises a third valve adjusting mechanism (241), a second pressure head (242) and a third pipe joint (243); the second pressure head (242) is fixed at the bottom of the second moving frame (230); a second groove is formed in the bottom of the second pressure head (242); the third valve adjusting mechanism (241) is arranged in the middle of the second pressure head (242); the third pipe joint (243) is arranged at the side part of the second pressure head (242) and is communicated with the second groove; the third valve adjusting mechanism (241) is arranged in the second pressure head (242), and a shifting fork at the end part of the third valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right lower part;
the bottom valve positioning assembly (270) comprises a reservoir cylinder (271), a fourth pipe joint (273), a second positioning seat (274) and a fourth valve adjusting mechanism (275); the second positioning seat (274) is fixed on the second lower fixed plate (260); a second mounting groove is formed in the top of the second positioning seat (274); the fourth pipe joint (273) is arranged at the side part of the second positioning seat (274) and communicated with the second mounting groove; the fourth valve adjusting mechanism (275) is arranged on the second positioning seat (274), and the shifting fork at the end part of the fourth valve adjusting mechanism faces to the right upper part;
the pressure simulation mechanism (300) comprises a piston rod (310), a guide sealing part (320), a piston assembly (330) and a pressure cylinder component (340); the piston assembly (330) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder component (340), and divides the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder component (340) into a first pressure cavity and a second pressure cavity; the guide seal part (320) is arranged at the end part of the pressure cylinder component (340); the inner end of the piston rod (310) is connected with the piston assembly (330), and the outer end passes through the guide sealing part (320) and keeps sealed.
9. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the pressure cylinder component (340) comprises a fifth pipe joint (341), an oil collecting disc (342), a sixth pipe joint (343), a pressure cylinder (344), a seventh pipe joint (345), an eighth pipe joint (346) and a lower end cover (347); the oil collecting disc (342) and the lower end cover (347) are respectively fixed at two ends of the pressure cylinder (344); the fifth pipe joint (341), the sixth pipe joint (343), the seventh pipe joint (345) and the eighth pipe joint (346) are all arranged on the pressure cylinder (344); the fifth pipe joint (341) and the sixth pipe joint (343) are connected with a first pressure cavity on the pressure cylinder (344); the seventh pipe joint (345) and the eighth pipe joint (346) are connected with a second pressure cavity on the pressure cylinder (344); the third pipe joint (243) is connected with the eighth pipe joint (346); the seventh pipe joint (345) is connected with the first pipe joint (143); the second pipe joint (173) is connected with the sixth pipe joint (343); the fifth pipe joint (341) is connected to the reserve tank (271).
10. The method for simulating and debugging the damping performance of the oil pressure damper according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the inner side wall of the first mounting groove is provided with two stages of steps; the two-stage steps are used for positioning the piston unit in the vertical direction and the radial direction; a first sealing ring (176) is arranged on the first-stage step positioned below; a second sealing ring (177) is arranged at the top of the side surface of the center pin (171); a third sealing ring (178) surrounding the top opening of the first mounting groove is arranged at the top of the first positioning seat (174); in the testing process, the first valve adjusting mechanism (141) and the second valve adjusting mechanism (175) are respectively aligned with the adjusting screws (74) at two sides of the piston unit (7);
the inner side wall of the second mounting groove is provided with a first-stage step; the step is used for positioning the bottom valve in the vertical direction and the radial direction, and a fourth sealing ring (276) is arranged on the step; the top of the second positioning seat (274) is provided with a fifth sealing ring (277) surrounding the top opening of the second mounting groove.
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