CN114178034B - Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for sorting broken residues of scraped cars, and belongs to the technical field of sorting broken residues of cars; the method comprises the following steps: coarse crushing of the residual materials, volume screening, small material sorting, medium material sorting, light material sorting, medium and heavy material sorting, heavy material magnetic separation and eddy current sorting. The invention can separate complex automobile broken residues into single recyclable materials, thereby realizing the recycling of wastes.

Description

Sorting method for broken residues of scraped car

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sorting of broken residues of automobiles, in particular to a sorting method of broken residues of scraped automobiles.

Background

In general, after the scraped car is disassembled and parts are recovered, the rest part is subjected to compression, crushing and sorting treatment, metal and nonmetal materials in the scraped car are recovered, and the rest part which is finely crushed and difficult to recover is called car crushing residue (Automobile Shredder Residue, ASR). With the rapid development of the automobile market in China, the number of scraped automobiles is increased year by year, so that the resource and environmental problems caused by broken residues of the scraped automobiles are increasingly outstanding. The number of scraped cars in our country is about 700 ten thousand per year, and it is expected that 1200 ten thousand cars will be produced in 2025, and ASR generated in that time exceeds 300 ten thousand tons (calculated as 1000kg per car on average, ASR accounts for about 25% of the total weight of scraped cars), which forms a serious challenge for environmental management and pollution control.

The broken residue of the scraped car is the integration of the components and the residual substances after metal sorting, is a complex mixture of components and contains a large amount of incompatible materials. The content of the broken residues of the automobile is complex and comprises hard plastic, soft plastic, rubber, resin, fiber, glass, paper, sponge, electric wire (ceramic and conductor materials) and the like, and among the components of the broken residues, the plastic, the sponge, the fiber and the rubber are the components with the highest content.

In the prior art, the mixed components cannot be effectively recycled and reused, and the environment is easily damaged. However, no systematic method or system has been available for the individual screening out of the various components of the automotive crash residue for specific recycling.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a method for sorting broken residues of scraped car, which is used for solving the problem that the broken residues of the car cannot be singly sorted in the prior art.

The invention provides a sorting method of broken residues of scraped cars. The method comprises the following steps:

coarse breaking of the residual materials: feeding the automotive crushing residue into a crusher, the automotive crushing residue being crushed into coarse particles;

and (3) volume screening: inputting the coarse particles into a rotary screen, and screening the coarse particles into three types of large materials, medium materials and small materials by the rotary screen; the large material comprises a large piece of sponge; the middle material comprises plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small materials comprise slag soil and glass powder;

sorting small materials: inputting the small-material mixture obtained through volume screening into an infrared material sorting machine, and screening glass in the small material by the infrared material sorting machine to separate the glass from the dregs;

sorting the middle materials: inputting the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening into a wind power separator, and screening the medium material mixture into three types of heavy materials, medium and heavy materials and light materials by the wind power separator; the heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium and heavy materials comprise plastics and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber;

sorting light materials: inputting the light materials obtained by the medium material separation into a shaking table separator, and screening out the sponge with light density by the shaking table separator to separate sponge from fiber;

sorting medium and heavy materials: inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained through medium material separation into a ray separator, wherein the ray separator separates plastics from rubber according to the light reflection characteristics of the surfaces of the materials;

and (3) heavy material magnetic separation: inputting the heavy materials obtained by the medium material separation into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out iron in the heavy materials by the magnetic separation equipment to obtain nonferrous metal mixed materials containing copper and aluminum;

eddy current sorting: the nonferrous metal mixture containing copper and aluminum is input into an eddy current classifier, which separates the copper from the aluminum.

Further, in the coarse breaking stage of the residual materials, the automobile breaking residues sequentially pass through the gyratory crusher, the double-layer vibrating screen and the cone crusher, and the materials which cannot pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the gyratory crusher again for secondary breaking, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the cone crusher through the conveying belt.

Further, in the coarse breaking stage of the surplus material, more than four of the automobile breaking residues are broken into particles with the particle size of less than 12mm, and less than one fifth of the automobile breaking residues are powdery muck, glass and massive sponge.

Further, the trommel screen is capable of varying the feed rate of the drum, the drum length and the screen aperture for component variations of the automotive breaking residue.

Further, an infrared sensing device is arranged in the infrared material sorting machine, and can identify the spectrum of glass reflection and separate glass from dregs.

Further, the air classifier is a horizontal air classifier, and the classifying precision of the horizontal air classifier is more than 85%.

Furthermore, a low-radioactivity ray beam recognition system is adopted in the ray sorting machine, the system utilizes different light reflection characteristics of the surfaces of substances to identify the types of the substances, the feeding system uniformly conveys the substances to the light detection system, and the light detection system displays the colors and the hues of the substances through the irradiation of the light source, so that the separation of plastics and rubber is realized.

Further, the magnetic separation equipment adopts two sections of permanent magnet magnetic rollers to perform double magnetic separation on the heavy materials, and the magnetic separation precision reaches more than 90%.

Further, the eddy current separator adopts a process flow of 'one roughing, three scavenging and five concentrating', the materials passing through the roughing flow enter the concentrating flow, the tailings of the roughing flow cannot enter the scavenging flow, the tailings of the concentrating and scavenging flow cannot return to the previous section of flow in sequence, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current separator, and the concentrating and scavenging flows adopt eddy current of a horizontal structure.

Further, the car-breaking residue is the remainder obtained from scrapped passenger cars, scrapped passenger cars or scrapped trucks after disassembly, compression, breaking and sorting, including fragments or powders of plastics, rubber, paint, synthetic fibers, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and slag.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the method for sorting the broken residues of the scraped car, provided by the invention, the broken residues of the car are sorted into single materials in a series of sorting modes, so that the sorting efficiency is high, and resources can be effectively recycled.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a method for sorting broken residues of a scraped car in the present embodiment includes the following steps:

and collecting automobile crushing residues obtained after the scrapped passenger car, scrapped passenger car or scrapped truck is disassembled, compressed, crushed and separated, wherein the automobile crushing residues comprise fragments or powder of plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, sponge, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and dregs.

Coarse breaking of the residual materials: because of the wide variety of components of the automotive crush residue, which vary widely in shape and size, it is necessary to crush and grind the automotive crush residue prior to sorting. The crushing equipment commonly used at present comprises a roller crusher and a shear crusher, wherein the crushing efficiency of the roller crusher is easily influenced by the change of the feeding components, and the use efficiency is unstable. The shearing crusher is easy to overload and stop due to hard materials, and needs professional personnel to monitor. The coarse breaking stage of the residual material adopts a two-section one-closed-circuit breaking design structure, namely a linear combination structure of a one-section gyratory crusher, a double-layer vibrating screen and a one-section cone crusher. The automobile crushing residues sequentially pass through the gyratory crusher, the double-layer vibrating screen and the cone crusher, and materials which cannot pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the gyratory crusher again for secondary crushing, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the cone crusher through the conveying belt. The treatment capacity of the crushing design structure is large, the obtained granularity is uniform, and the crushing efficiency is high. The materials with the grain diameter below 12mm can occupy more than four fifths, and the remaining materials with the grain diameter below one fifth are powdery slag soil, glass and massive sponge. The slag and the glass are in powder form and are not influenced by the crusher, and the sponge can avoid the effect of the crusher due to the excessively soft texture.

And (3) volume screening: the broken residue particles of the automobile after coarse breaking are input into a roller screen, the roller screen adopts a GTS2030 roller screen to screen the broken residue particles of the automobile, and the roller screen screens the coarse particles into three types of large materials, medium materials and small materials. The large material comprises a large piece of sponge; the middle material comprises plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small materials include muck and glass powder. The screening efficiency of the drum screen is 80% -95%, and most of the broken residue particles of the automobile can be accurately screened into three types. The sizer is operated with a small power to sort the crushed residual mixture into three categories. When the components of the broken residues of the automobile change, the rotary screen can change the feeding speed of the rotary drum, the length of the rotary drum and the aperture of the screen mesh so as to adapt to the changes of the components of the broken residues of the automobile and always maintain higher screening efficiency.

Sorting small materials: the small-size mixture obtained through volume screening is input into an infrared material sorting machine, the infrared material sorting machine is an Anmeida infrared material sorting machine, the model is ZSI4-64X, a spectrogram generated by glass under infrared light irradiation can be accurately identified by utilizing an infrared sensing device in the infrared material sorting machine, and the glass is identified and sorted out, so that the separation of slag soil and the glass is realized. The infrared material sorting machine has good reproducibility, short response time, sorting rate of more than 80% and sorting purity of more than 90%. The separated slag soil can be used for manufacturing building materials or backfilling pavement, and the glass powder can be used for paving, manufacturing color bricks or re-refining glass in a furnace.

Sorting the middle materials: the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening is input into a wind power separator, the wind power separator adopts a horizontal wind power separator, and in the process that the medium material mixture falls in the horizontal wind power separator, the medium material mixture is blown away by horizontal air flow blown in by a blower, and various components fall into collecting tanks of heavy materials, medium heavy materials and light materials along different movement tracks respectively. The wind force sorter sieves well material mixture into heavy material, well heavy material and light material three types. The heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium and heavy materials comprise plastics and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber. The horizontal type wind power separator has simple structure and convenient maintenance, and the separation precision of the medium material separation stage is more than 85 percent.

Sorting light materials: and inputting the light materials obtained through the medium material separation into a shaking table separator for heavy medium separation, and separating the sponge with light density, thereby realizing the separation of the sponge and the fiber. The shaking table sorting mode has the characteristics of no toxicity, no corrosiveness and easy recovery and regeneration. The separation process can be optimized by changing the separation conditions of the shaking table separator, such as the types and the densities of heavy media, and the separation precision of the shaking table separator is 80-95%. The sponge obtained in the light material sorting stage can be mixed with the sponge obtained in the volume sieving stage, and the obtained sponge can be used for processing into colored sponge, and can be used in elastic materials for shock absorption and friction resistance, such as soles, automotive upholstery or other industrial products. The recovered synthetic fiber can be converted into a small molecular monomer through a physical or chemical process method, and then is polymerized into a corresponding high molecular compound, so that limit recycling is realized.

Sorting medium and heavy materials: and inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained by medium material separation into a ray separator, wherein the ray separator adopts a Tao Lang X-TRACT type ray separator. The low-radioactivity ray beam recognition system is adopted in the ray sorting machine, the type of the substance is identified by utilizing the difference of light reflection characteristics of the surface of the substance, the material is uniformly conveyed to the light detection system by the feeding system, and the light detection system displays the color and the tone of the material through the irradiation of the light source, so that the plastic and the rubber are specifically recognized and separated. The ray sorting machine can optimize the sorting process by changing the sorting conditions, such as the wavelength, intensity and other factors of the light source, and the sorting precision is 80-95%. The recovered rubber had the following uses: 1. the rubber product is prepared with rubber particle, rubber powder and other regenerated rubber material and through certain technological process. 2. The waste rubber is mixed into the common concrete to achieve the purposes of recycling the waste rubber and changing waste into valuable. 3. Thermal cracking, vacuum cracking, catalytic cracking and the like of waste rubber under inert atmosphere. The waste rubber can be subjected to thermal cracking to obtain three recovered products, namely gas, liquid and solid. The recycled plastics have the following uses: 1. remelting the waste plastic to form the regenerated plastic. 2. The waste polyolefin plastic is changed into fuel oil through the procedures of crushing, heating, decomposing and the like.

And (3) heavy material magnetic separation: the heavy materials obtained through medium material separation are input into magnetic separation equipment, the common magnetic separation equipment comprises a magnetic roller, a suspension type magnet device and the like, the magnetic roller is suitable for small-scale separation operation, and the suspension type magnet device is required to be matched with a belt conveyor, an iron unloader and the like. In the specific implementation process, two sections of permanent magnet magnetic rollers are usually adopted to sort metal wastes, and RX-CX30 type magnetic rollers are adopted to sort two materials, namely iron and nonferrous metals. The magnetic separation method for the two-stage operation has short separation time and separation precision of more than 90 percent.

Eddy current sorting: the method is characterized in that nonferrous metal mixed materials containing copper and aluminum are input into an eddy current separator, the eddy current separator adopts a process flow of 'one roughing, three scavenging and five concentrating', materials passing through the roughing flow enter into a concentrating flow, cannot enter into a scavenging flow through tailings of the roughing flow, cannot return to the previous section of flow through tailings of the concentrating and scavenging flows sequentially, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current separator, the concentrating and scavenging flows adopt a horizontal eddy current separator, and the eddy current separator separates copper and aluminum. The eddy current sorting system for multi-stage operation has the advantages of simple operation, low power consumption and sorting precision up to more than 90%.

While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that would be apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for sorting broken residues of scraped cars, comprising the steps of:

coarse breaking of the residual materials: feeding the automotive crushing residue into a crusher, the automotive crushing residue being crushed into coarse particles;

and (3) volume screening: inputting the coarse particles into a rotary screen, and screening the coarse particles into three types of large materials, medium materials and small materials by the rotary screen; the large material comprises a large piece of sponge; the middle material comprises plastics, sponge, fiber, rubber and metal; the small materials comprise slag soil and glass powder;

sorting small materials: inputting the small-material mixture obtained through volume screening into an infrared material sorting machine, and screening glass in the small material by the infrared material sorting machine to separate the glass from the dregs;

sorting the middle materials: inputting the medium material mixture obtained through volume screening into a wind power separator, and screening the medium material mixture into three types of heavy materials, medium and heavy materials and light materials by the wind power separator; the heavy materials comprise copper, iron and aluminum; the medium and heavy materials comprise plastics and rubber; the light material comprises sponge and fiber;

sorting light materials: inputting the light materials obtained by the medium material separation into a shaking table separator, and screening out the sponge with light density by the shaking table separator to separate sponge from fiber;

sorting medium and heavy materials: inputting the medium and heavy materials obtained through medium material separation into a ray separator, wherein the ray separator separates plastics from rubber according to the light reflection characteristics of the surfaces of the materials;

and (3) heavy material magnetic separation: inputting the heavy materials obtained by the medium material separation into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out iron in the heavy materials by the magnetic separation equipment to obtain nonferrous metal mixed materials containing copper and aluminum;

eddy current sorting: the nonferrous metal mixture containing copper and aluminum is input into an eddy current classifier, which separates the copper from the aluminum.

2. The method for sorting waste automobile crushing residues according to claim 1, wherein in the coarse crushing stage of the waste automobile crushing residues sequentially pass through a gyratory crusher, a double-layer vibrating screen and a cone crusher, and materials which cannot pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are re-conveyed into the gyratory crusher for secondary crushing, and the materials which pass through the double-layer vibrating screen are conveyed into the cone crusher through a conveying belt.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the coarse breaking stage of the waste, more than four of the broken waste is broken into particles with a particle size of 12mm or less, and less than one fifth of the broken waste is powdered residue soil and glass, and is a massive sponge.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drum screen is capable of varying the feed rate, drum length and screen aperture of the drum for composition changes of the crushed automobile residue.

5. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped car according to claim 1, wherein an infrared sensing device is arranged in the infrared material sorting machine, and the infrared sensing device can identify the spectrum of the reflection of glass and separate the glass from the residue.

6. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped car according to claim 1, wherein the air classifier is a horizontal air classifier, and the sorting precision of the horizontal air classifier is more than 85%.

7. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped car according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic separation equipment adopts two sections of permanent magnetic force rollers to perform double magnetic separation on the heavy materials, and the magnetic separation precision is more than 90%.

8. The method for sorting broken residues of scraped car according to claim 1, wherein the eddy current sorting machine adopts a process flow of 'one roughing, three scavenging and five concentrating', the materials passing through the roughing flow enter the concentrating flow, the tailings failing to pass through the roughing flow enter the scavenging flow, the tailings failing to pass through the concentrating and scavenging flows return to the previous flow, the roughing flow adopts a vertical eddy current sorting machine, and the concentrating and scavenging flows adopt eddy current of a horizontal structure.

9. A method of sorting waste automotive crash residues according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the automotive crash residues are the remainder obtained from scrapped passenger cars, scrapped passenger cars or scrapped trucks after disassembly, compression, crushing and sorting, and comprise fragments or powders of plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, sponges, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, glass and slag.

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