CN114164183A - 一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体p69及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69及其应用,属于生物技术领域。本发明公开的一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69,保藏编号为CGMCC No.23088,其为由诺卡氏菌引起的污泥发泡事件的防控提供一种可选择的基础材料,丰富噬菌体种库;通过对噬菌体P69的分离鉴定和全基因组测序,进一步深入挖掘其功能基因和蛋白,为噬菌体治疗和生物防治提供一种或多种对南非诺卡氏菌具有裂解作用的酶类等,以此扩大宿主谱,提高噬菌体应用的广泛性和有效性;噬菌体P69可快速高效裂解南非诺卡氏菌,可用于污水处理系统中诺卡氏菌过度繁殖导致的污泥发泡事件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69及其应用。
背景技术
南非诺卡氏菌是一种罕见的人类致病菌。与其他诺卡氏菌一样,这种细菌在吸入或通过皮肤接种后会引起疾病。南非诺卡氏菌感染多发生于免疫缺陷患者,如器官移植患者或艾滋病患者。感染南非诺卡氏菌的患者的死亡率高达75%,当涉及中枢神经系统时,死亡率为100%。对实验动物的研究表明,这种生物的毒力大于巴西诺卡氏菌(但小于星状诺卡氏菌)。此外,南非诺卡氏菌对氨基糖苷类(包括丁胺卡那霉素)具有一定的耐药性。目前,甲氧苄啶磺胺甲恶唑(TMP-SMX)被认为是治疗诺卡氏菌感染最有效的药物,但是近年来,也逐渐出现了关于该药物耐药菌株的报道。
此外,南非诺卡氏菌也是一种能够引起污水厂活性污泥发泡的细菌之一。其表面疏水,能够附着在曝气池曝气产生的气泡表面,在表面活性剂的作用下使气泡稳定存在于水面。当诺卡氏菌过量繁殖时,大量稳定泡沫浮于曝气池表面,致使污泥沉降性能变差,出水浑浊。且当气泡破裂时,诺卡氏菌将以气溶胶的形式向空气扩散,带来致病风险。传统物理方法(如打捞、喷水消泡等)与化学方法(如投加铝盐、铁盐或投加消毒剂等),均未能从根本上解决诺卡氏菌过度繁殖的问题,此外,还会对活性污泥系统中的正常菌群造成影响,降低活性污泥处理污染物的能力。因此,开发新的抗菌药物势在必行。
一般来说噬菌体都具有优于抗生素的优势:如减少对正常菌群的破坏(噬菌体对单个物种或细菌菌株),具有一定的自我限制性质(细菌数目减少时噬菌体数目减少),宿主与噬菌体之间存在共进化(噬菌体可以适应并感染在治疗过程中出现的细菌抗性突变体),“自动给药”和仅在感染部位有大量噬菌体(它们在感染部位复制)。噬菌体被证明安全且具有良好的耐受性,几乎没有副作用,并且其自身对于动物细胞似乎没有毒性作用。但是噬菌体的种类和数量是限制噬菌体治疗进一步发展的一个重要因素,需要进一步分离和鉴定噬菌体来丰富噬菌体种库。
因此,提供一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69及其应用是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69及其应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69,其保藏编号为CGMCC No.23088,已保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,简称CGMCC,地址北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏日期为2021年9月7日,分类命名为噬菌体,具体为南非诺卡氏菌长尾噬菌体。
进一步,所述的一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69在裂解诺卡氏菌中的应用。
进一步,所述的一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69在污水处理系统中防治和去除诺卡氏菌中的应用。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明公开提供了一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69及其应用,为污泥发泡与病原菌的防控提供一种可选择的基础材料,丰富噬菌体种库;通过对南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69的分离鉴定和全基因组测序,进一步深入挖掘其功能基因和蛋白,为噬菌体治疗和生物防治提供一种或多种对诺卡氏菌具有裂解作用的酶类等,以此扩大宿主谱,提高噬菌体应用的广泛性和有效性;南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69可快速高效裂解南非诺卡氏菌,可用于污水处理系统中南非诺卡氏菌的污染防治以及耐药性南非诺卡氏菌的去除。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1附图为本发明南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69的双层平板噬菌斑形态;
图2附图为本发明南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69透射电镜形态;比例尺为100nm;
图3附图为本发明南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69基因组圈图;
图4附图为本发明南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69基因组系统进化树。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
噬菌体宿主菌南非诺卡氏菌4.1169由中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心提供,并由本实验室保存。
胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物购自OXOID公司;葡萄糖、无水氯化钙购自麦克林公司;PEG8000购自Amresco公司;DNase、RNaseA购自Sigma公司;蛋白酶K购自Amresco公司;0.22μm微孔滤膜购自上海市新亚净化器件厂;氯仿、平衡饱和酚购自北京鼎国生物技术有限公司。
实施例1噬菌体的分离纯化
PYCa液体培养基的配制:
在1L ddH2O中加入1g葡萄糖、1g酵母提取物、15g胰蛋白胨,混匀后121℃高压灭菌20min。冷却后加入4.5mL浓度为1mol/L的氯化钙溶液。
PYCa固体培养基的配制:
在1L ddH2O中加入1g葡萄糖、1g酵母提取物、15g胰蛋白胨,15g琼脂粉,混匀后121℃高压灭菌20min。在未凝固状态下加入4.5mL浓度为1mol/L的氯化钙溶液。
PYCa半固体培养基的配制:
在1L ddH2O中加入1g葡萄糖、1g酵母提取物、15g胰蛋白胨,7.5g琼脂粉,混匀后121℃高压灭菌20min。在未凝固状态下加入4.5mL浓度为1mol/L的氯化钙溶液。
本发明试验用污水样品为2020年9月采集于北京市某渔场中,以此作为分离噬菌体的水样。
取10mL污水样本,用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌;加入20mL PYCa液体培养基,再加入对数期宿主菌悬液2.0mL于50ml离心管中,混匀;静置15min后,30℃振荡过夜(10h)。次日,4℃,8000g离心10min;取上清,上清即为含有此宿主菌噬菌体的原液。采用spot-test方法鉴定原液中是否含有噬菌体,取适量上述原液点滴到涂布了宿主菌的PYCa固体培养基上,30℃倒置培养48h,观察有无噬菌斑长出。若平板上出现清晰透亮的噬菌斑,则说明原液中存在噬菌体,反之,则表明未分离出噬菌体,需重新采样分离。
分离出的噬菌体未必为单一噬菌体,本发明采用双层平板法进一步纯化。挑取平板上的噬菌斑,浸置于含有1mL SM液的无菌管中,室温放置1h后,十倍梯度稀释至10-6。取0.5mL稀释后的溶液与1mL宿主菌悬液加入5mL管内,紧接着加入3.5mL PYCa半固体培养基,而后迅速倒入PYCa固体培养基中,使之涂布于整个双层平板。30℃培养48h,观察噬菌斑生长情况。而后挑取单一噬菌斑,重复此步骤5-6次,直至双层平板中各噬菌斑的大小和形态基本一致,见图1。
实施例2噬菌体的形态观察
取噬菌体悬液20μL滴于铜网上,待其自然沉淀10min后,用干燥滤纸从侧面吸干,晾置约1min后在铜网上加1滴1%醋酸双氧铀,染色2min,然后小心使用干燥滤纸从侧面将多余染剂吸干,避光自然晾置30min后,用透射电子显微镜(JEM-1400)观察。
透射电镜结果见图2,结果显示,噬菌体P69有球形头部和较长的尾部,头部直径约68.47nm,尾长约239.25nm,尾部直径约为13.12nm。根据国际病毒分类学组织(ICTV)病毒分类第八次报告,可初步将该株噬菌体P69归类为长尾噬菌体科。
实施例3噬菌体基因组分析鉴定
噬菌体全基因组测序及分析:采用IlluminaNextSeq500进行PE 2×150对样品的DNA进行测序。随后利用spades v.3.11.1拼接软件对优化序列进行拼接,得到最优的组装结果。利用生物软件PHASTER对基因组的开放阅读框进行预测分析,并使用NCBI Blastp完成功能基因的初步注释,使用tRNAscan-SE(http://lowelab.ucsc.edu//tRNAscan-SE/)在线预测tRNA,利用CGView Server软件(http://cgview.ca/)完成全基因组圈图的绘制(见图3),基于全基因组数据利用MEGA X软件构建系统进化树。
结果显示,噬菌体P69基因组大小为68913bp,G+C含量为65.56mol%。从Blast比对结果来看,它似乎是一株高度新颖的噬菌体,与其同源性最高的是噬菌体Pleakley(78.48%),其宿主为Gordonia。用prokka预测cds区域,共发现90个CDS以及一个tRNA-Ser。从匹配结果来看,该基因组具有典型的噬菌体模块化结构。包括DNA复制模块、结构蛋白基因、裂解模块以及DNA包装基因组成。经同源性比对和基因组系统进化树分析(见图4)显示,噬菌体P69与Gordonia Phage Faxboro的亲缘关系最近。经过宿主谱的实验测定(见表1),噬菌体P69只能裂解部分诺卡氏菌,特异性较强。
表1噬菌体P69的宿主谱测定
注:感染噬菌体后,“+”表示有噬菌斑,“-”表示没有噬菌斑;
CGMCC=China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (3)
1.一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69,其特征在于,其保藏编号为CGMCC No.23088。
2.权利要求1所述的一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69在裂解诺卡氏菌中的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的一株南非诺卡氏菌噬菌体P69在污水处理系统中防治和去除诺卡氏菌中的应用。
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