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CN114068054B - Nuclear power system for oil tanker - Google Patents

Nuclear power system for oil tanker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114068054B
CN114068054B CN202111399382.6A CN202111399382A CN114068054B CN 114068054 B CN114068054 B CN 114068054B CN 202111399382 A CN202111399382 A CN 202111399382A CN 114068054 B CN114068054 B CN 114068054B
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steam
pump
turbine
water
pressure
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CN202111399382.6A
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CN114068054A (en
Inventor
吴楠
孙强
彭东升
杜欣
彭贵胜
董庆辉
李达
张林涛
郭强
嵇智勇
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Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co Ltd
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Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

The nuclear power system for the oil tanker is provided with a steam generation module, wherein a nuclear reactor is arranged in a reactor compartment of the steam generation module, and the nuclear reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump to form a first circulating network; the steam generator generates saturated steam which respectively enters the power generation system, the pump set turbine system and the propulsion system. The nuclear power system of the oil tanker, which is provided by the invention, uses nuclear energy as heat energy and kinetic energy sources of the whole ship, and the nuclear energy is mainly used for driving the ship to sail, can be effectively applied to a power generation system, a cargo oil tank heating system, a hybrid steam system, a cabin steam daily system and a pump set turbine system, and has the characteristics of stability, reliability and efficient utilization of the nuclear energy.

Description

Nuclear power system for oil tanker
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship construction and design, in particular to a nuclear power system for a tanker.
Background
Along with the increasing shortage of petrochemical energy and the aggravation of the influence of ocean shipping exhaust gas on the ecological environment, the design concept of green low carbon, energy conservation and emission reduction becomes the development trend of shipping industry. In addition to the application of new energy sources such as low sulfur oil and liquefied natural gas and alternative energy sources, nuclear energy has been prospectively studied in recent years in the civil ship field as a clean and efficient energy source.
Compared with diesel engine propulsion adopted by main stream ships, the nuclear power has obvious advantages, the nuclear power does not depend on fossil fuel, zero carbon emission is realized, special exhaust pipes, chimneys, fuel tanks and fuel oil systems are not needed to be arranged on the ships, the power is strong, the endurance time is long, and the energy utilization efficiency is high. At present, most of ships taking nuclear energy as power are warships and aircraft carriers, particularly submarines, and the application of the ships in civil ships is very limited, and the operated civil nuclear power ships are concentrated into icebreakers, passenger ships, cargo ships and ore carriers. And China is the main petroleum import country in the world, the petroleum consumption is huge, and a large amount of crude oil and finished oil are imported through a large-scale oil tanker every year to fill the domestic petroleum gap. Under the large background of oscillation of the international crude oil market, rising of the fuel charge proportion of the commercial ship and relatively stable international uranium price and mature nuclear energy technology, the research on the large-scale nuclear power-propelled oil ship is necessary
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a nuclear power system for a tanker, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker is provided with a steam generation module, wherein a nuclear reactor is arranged in a reactor compartment of the steam generation module, and the nuclear reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump to form a first circulating network; the steam generator generates saturated steam which respectively enters the power generation system, the pump set turbine system and the propulsion system.
The steam generator is connected with a generator turbine of the power generation system, and after 4mpa-8mpa saturated steam generated by the steam generator is subjected to work in the generator turbine, exhaust steam is formed and is converged into an exhaust steam main pipe.
The steam generator is connected with the throttling device, the throttling device is used for processing saturated steam with the saturation device to form saturated steam with the pressure of 1.6-1.96 mpa, the saturated steam enters the cargo oil pump turbine separator, the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine separator and the water feeding pump turbine separator of the pump turbine system respectively, two pipelines extending out of the cargo oil pump turbine separator are connected with the ballast pump turbine separator and the cargo oil pump turbine set respectively, the ballast pump turbine separator is connected with the ballast pump turbine set and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine separator is connected with the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, and the water feeding pump turbine separator is connected with the water feeding pump turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe.
The saturated steam is used for doing work in the high-pressure turbine to form saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4-0.98 mpa, and the saturated steam enters the low-pressure turbine, the cabin and the domestic steam daily system, the miscellaneous steam system and the cargo oil tank heating system respectively through two pipelines, the high-pressure turbine is connected with the low-pressure turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, and the high-pressure turbine is connected with the cabin and the domestic steam daily system, the miscellaneous steam system and the cargo oil tank heating system and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe.
The exhaust steam main pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a warm water tank, a deaerator, a water feed pump and a high-pressure water feed heater, the high-pressure water feed heater flows back to the steam generator, and a water feed control valve is arranged between the high-pressure water feed heater and the steam generator.
The other end of the condenser is communicated with seawater, the seawater in the sea is pumped into the seawater condenser through a seawater pump of the condenser, flows out of the seawater condenser and flows back to the sea, a fresh water cabin is connected to the other end of the warm water tank, a fresh water pump is arranged between the fresh water cabin and the warm water tank, and a warm water tank control valve is arranged between the fresh water pump and the warm water tank.
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker further comprises lubricating oil, a warm water tank, a high-pressure feed water heater, heating and heating of domestic hot water
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker further comprises an inert gas deck water seal, a radiator between ballast water filters and a heating device of a washing tank seawater heater
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker further comprises heating of each dirty oil tank and each cargo oil tank of the whole ship
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker is characterized in that the other end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the reduction gearbox and the propeller in sequence.
In the above-mentioned nuclear power system for a tanker, a pressure stabilizer is further provided in the first circulation path of the main circulation pump to the nuclear reactor and the path of the nuclear reactor to the steam generator.
In the above-mentioned nuclear power system for oil tankers, further, the nuclear reactor is a pressurized water reactor, and the heat transfer medium is water pressurized to 15-20 mpa.
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker is further characterized in that a first liquid level sensor is arranged in the warm water tank and is in signal connection with the warm water tank control valve.
The nuclear power system for the oil tanker is further characterized in that a second liquid level sensor is arranged in the steam generator and is connected with the water supply control valve through signals.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. Compared with a large-scale oil tanker taking fossil fuel as a power source, the large-scale oil tanker adopting nuclear power has the advantages of strong endurance, strong power, environment friendliness, low carbon, energy conservation and emission reduction.
2. The design reduces the fuel system, the fuel piping heat tracing system and the daily oil tank heating system. The ship system equipment is optimized and simplified, the ship arrangement is more compact, the frequent fuel filling is not needed, the cargo loading and transporting window period of the oil tanker is prolonged, and the safety risk caused by the fuel filling is reduced.
3. The system uses nuclear energy as a power source of a whole ship, and based on a nuclear energy propulsion and power generation system, the high-temperature saturated steam generated by a steam generator is effectively applied to each pump group and a heating system of the oil ship. The nuclear energy utilization rate is improved, the heat energy loss of the second loop and the heat exchange quantity with seawater are reduced, and the system is more economical and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present invention;
Wherein: 1-nuclear reactor, 2-steam generator, 3-main circulation pump, 4-pressurizer, 5-throttling gear, 6-generator turbine, 7-high pressure turbine, 8-cargo pump turbine separator, 9-cargo oil sweep pump turbine separator, 10-feedwater pump turbine separator, 11-ballast pump turbine separator, 12-ballast pump turbine set, 13-cargo oil pump turbine set, 14-cargo oil sweep pump turbine, 15-feedwater pump turbine, 16-low pressure turbine, 17-reduction gearbox, 18-propeller, 19-cabin and life steam day system, 20-wash cabin seawater heater, 21-ballast water inter-filter radiator, 22-inert gas deck water seal, 23-dirty oil water cabin, 24-cargo oil cabin, 33-feedwater control valve, 34-warm water tank control valve, 35-condenser, 36-condensate pump, 37-warm water tank, 38-deaerator, 39-feedwater heater, 40-high pressure feedwater pump, 41-sea water pump, 42-fresh water pump, 43-water cabin, 44-generator.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the nuclear power system for the oil tanker is provided with a reactor cabin, a nuclear reactor is arranged in the reactor cabin, the nuclear reactor adopts a conventional pressurized water reactor, the pressurized water reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump through pipelines, the main circulating pump returns to the pressurized water reactor to form a first circulating network, a pressure stabilizer is arranged between a passage of the main circulating pump returning to the pressurized water reactor and a passage of the pressurized water reactor to the steam generator, and the pressure stabilizer is used for preventing equipment damage caused by the pressure in the first circulating network and coolant boiling caused by the pressure being too low.
4-8 Mpa saturated steam is generated in the steam generator, and the 4-8 mpa saturated steam enters the generator system, the thrust system and the pump set turbine system respectively. The generator system is provided with a generator turbine, after the steam generator is connected with the generator turbine, saturated steam is acted in the generator turbine to form exhaust steam, and the formed exhaust steam enters a main exhaust steam pipe and enters a condenser through the main exhaust steam pipe. The exhaust steam main pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a warm water tank, a deaerator, a water feed pump and a high-pressure water feed heater, and the high-pressure water feed heater returns to the steam generator. A water supply control valve is arranged between the high-pressure feed water heater and the steam generator, a second liquid level sensor is arranged in the steam generator and is in signal connection with the water supply control valve, the second liquid level sensor sends a liquid level signal to the water supply control valve, the water supply control valve supplements heat carrier medium into the steam generator in real time according to the liquid level signal, and the heat carrier medium enters the steam generator and exchanges heat with 15mpa-20mpa water from the pressurized water reactor to evaporate, so that high-temperature saturated steam is formed.
The other end of the condenser is connected with seawater, the seawater is pumped into the seawater condenser through a seawater pump of the condenser, and the heated seawater flows back into the sea after heat exchange in the condenser. The other end of the warm water tank is connected with a fresh water tank, a fresh water pump and a warm water tank control valve are arranged between the fresh water tank and the warm water tank, a first liquid level sensor is arranged in the warm water tank, and the first liquid level sensor is connected with the warm water tank control valve. The first liquid level sensor in the warm water tank is connected with the warm water tank control valve, the first liquid level sensor sends a liquid level signal to the warm water tank control valve, when the liquid level of water is too low, the warm water tank control valve is automatically opened, fresh water is pumped into the warm water tank from a fresh water cabin by a fresh water pump, after the warm water tank is heated at low temperature, a heat-carrying medium is deoxidized by a deoxidizer and pumped into a high-pressure feed water heater by a feed water pump for heating, and the heat-carrying medium is heated by the high-pressure feed water heater to form a heat-carrying medium with the pressure of 7-12 mpa, and then the heat-carrying medium enters a steam generator. And 7-12 mpa heat transfer medium enters a steam generator, and after heat exchange and evaporation are carried out on the heat transfer medium and 15-20mpa water discharged from the pressurized water reactor, 4-8 mpa saturated steam and cooled heat transfer medium are formed, and the cooled heat transfer medium is pumped into the pressurized water reactor through a main circulating pump to be heated, and is continuously circulated in a first circulating network.
The saturated steam with the pressure of 4mpa-8mpa is used for doing work in a turbine of a generator, the heat energy of the steam is converted into mechanical energy, a turbine rotor of the generator is connected with the generator, and the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy for instruments and meters of a whole ship, life and illumination.
The pump set turbine system is provided with a cargo oil pump turbine separator, a cargo oil scavenging cabin pump turbine separator and a feed water pump turbine separator, and the cargo oil pump turbine separator, the cargo oil scavenging cabin pump turbine separator and the feed water pump turbine separator are connected in parallel in the system. The cargo oil pump turbine separator extends out of the two pipelines and is respectively connected with the ballast pump turbine separator and the cargo oil pump turbine group. The cargo oil pump turbine separator is connected with the cargo oil pump turbine separator and then is converged into the exhaust steam main pipe, the ballast pump turbine separator is connected with the ballast pump turbine group and then is converged into the exhaust steam main pipe, the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine separator is connected with the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine and then is converged into the exhaust steam main pipe, and the water feeding pump turbine separator is connected with the water feeding pump turbine and then is converged into the exhaust steam main pipe.
The saturated steam enters a pump set turbine system after being processed by the throttling device, 1.6mpa-1.96mpa saturated steam is formed, the dryness of the steam in the pump set turbine system is improved through a cargo oil pump turbine separator, a ballast pump turbine separator, a cargo oil sweeping tank pump turbine separator and a water feeding pump turbine separator respectively, the saturated steam enters a cargo oil pump turbine set, a ballast pump turbine set, a cargo oil sweeping tank pump turbine and a water feeding pump turbine, the saturated steam drives all pumps to operate, and exhaust steam formed after doing work enters an exhaust steam main pipe and enters a condenser through the exhaust steam main pipe.
The propulsion system is provided with a high-pressure turbine, saturated steam generated by the steam generator enters the high-pressure turbine and works in the high-pressure turbine, saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4mpa-0.98mpa is formed to flow out through two pipelines, one pipeline is connected with the low-pressure turbine, the low-pressure turbine is connected with a speed reducer gearbox, the speed reducer gearbox is used for decelerating and pushing the propeller to rotate, and the ship sails immediately. The saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4mpa to 0.98mpa expands in a low-pressure turbine to do work, so that exhaust steam is formed to enter an exhaust steam main pipe, and enters a condenser through the exhaust steam main pipe. The other pipeline is connected with a heating system of the cabin entering the cabin and the domestic steam daily system, the miscellaneous steam system and the cargo oil cabin,
The cabin and domestic steam daily system comprises lubricating oil, a warm water tank, a high-pressure feed water heater, heating and domestic hot water heating. The miscellaneous steam system comprises an inert gas deck water seal, a radiator between ballast water filters and a heating of a seawater heater of a washing tank. The cargo oil tank heating system comprises the heating of each dirty oil water tank and the cargo oil tank of the whole ship. The exhaust steam after heat exchange by the cabin, daily life steam, miscellaneous steam and cargo oil heating system enters the exhaust steam main pipe, and enters the condenser through the exhaust steam main pipe.
The waste steam of each way is collected in a condenser and condensed into water (namely heat-carrying medium) by heat exchange with low-temperature seawater, then the water is pumped into a warm water tank by a condensate pump for heating, after the warm water tank is heated at low temperature, the heat-carrying medium is deoxidized by a deoxidizer and pumped into a high-pressure feed water heater by a feed water pump for heating, and the heat-carrying medium is heated by the high-pressure feed water heater to form the heat-carrying medium with the pressure of 7-12 mpa and enters a steam generator. In the evaporator, heat transfer medium of 7-12 mpa exchanges heat with water of 15-20mpa discharged from the pressurized water reactor, and then the saturated steam of 4-8 mpa is formed and continuously enters the thrust system, the power generation system and the pump set turbine system for circulation.
The nuclear power system of the oil tanker, which is provided by the invention, uses nuclear energy as heat energy and kinetic energy sources of the whole ship, and the nuclear energy is mainly used for driving the ship to sail, can be effectively applied to a power generation system, a cargo oil tank heating system, a hybrid steam system, a cabin steam daily system and a pump set turbine system, and has the characteristics of stability, reliability and efficient utilization of the nuclear energy.

Claims (5)

1. A nuclear power system for a tanker, characterized by: the system comprises a steam generation module, wherein a nuclear reactor is arranged in a reactor cabin of the steam generation module, and the nuclear reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump to form a first circulating network; saturated steam generated by the steam generator respectively enters the power generation system, the pump set turbine system and the propulsion system;
The steam generator is connected with a generator turbine of the power generation system, and after 4mpa-8mpa saturated steam generated by the steam generator works in the generator turbine, exhaust steam is formed and is converged into an exhaust steam main pipe;
The steam generator is connected with the throttling device, the throttling device processes the saturated steam to form 1.6 mpa-1.96 mpa saturated steam which respectively enters the cargo oil pump turbine separator, the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine separator and the water supply pump turbine separator of the pump turbine system, two pipelines extending out of the cargo oil pump turbine separator are respectively connected with the ballast pump turbine separator and the cargo oil pump turbine set, the ballast pump turbine separator is connected with the ballast pump turbine set and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine separator is connected with the cargo oil sweeping cabin pump turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, and the water supply pump turbine separator is connected with the water supply pump turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe;
The saturated steam is used for doing work in the high-pressure turbine to form saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4-0.98 mpa, and the saturated steam enters the low-pressure turbine, the cabin and the domestic steam daily system, the miscellaneous steam system and the cargo oil tank heating system respectively through two pipelines, the high-pressure turbine is connected with the low-pressure turbine and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe, and the high-pressure turbine is connected with the cabin and the domestic steam daily system, the miscellaneous steam system and the cargo oil tank heating system and then is led into the exhaust steam main pipe;
The exhaust steam main pipe is sequentially connected with a condenser, a condensate pump, a warm water tank, a deaerator, a water feed pump and a high-pressure water feed heater, the high-pressure water feed heater flows back to the steam generator, and a water feed control valve is arranged between the high-pressure water feed heater and the steam generator;
The other end of the condenser is communicated with seawater, the seawater in the sea is pumped into the seawater condenser through a seawater pump of the condenser, flows out of the seawater condenser and flows back to the sea, a fresh water cabin is connected to the other end of the warm water tank, a fresh water pump is arranged between the fresh water cabin and the warm water tank, and a warm water tank control valve is arranged between the fresh water pump and the warm water tank;
the cabin and domestic steam daily system comprises lubricating oil, a warm water tank, a high-pressure feed water heater, heating and domestic hot water heating;
the miscellaneous steam system comprises an inert gas deck water seal, a radiator between ballast water filters and a tank seawater heater;
A first liquid level sensor is arranged in the warm water tank and is in signal connection with a warm water tank control valve;
The steam generator is internally provided with a second liquid level sensor which is connected with the water supply control valve through a signal.
2. A nuclear power system for a tanker according to claim 1, wherein: the cargo oil tank heating system comprises all dirty oil water tanks and cargo oil tanks of the whole ship.
3. A nuclear power system for a tanker according to claim 1, wherein: the other end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with a reduction gear box and a propeller in sequence.
4. A nuclear power system for a tanker according to claim 1, wherein: in the first circulation network, a pressure stabilizer is provided on a path of the main circulation pump to the nuclear reactor and on a path of the nuclear reactor to the steam generator.
5. A nuclear power system for a tanker according to claim 1, wherein: the nuclear reactor is a pressurized water reactor and the heat transfer medium is water pressurized to 15-20 mpa.
CN202111399382.6A 2021-11-19 Nuclear power system for oil tanker Active CN114068054B (en)

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CN202111399382.6A CN114068054B (en) 2021-11-19 Nuclear power system for oil tanker

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111399382.6A CN114068054B (en) 2021-11-19 Nuclear power system for oil tanker

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CN114068054A CN114068054A (en) 2022-02-18
CN114068054B true CN114068054B (en) 2024-11-12

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN217426382U (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-09-13 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 Nuclear power system for oil tanker

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN217426382U (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-09-13 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 Nuclear power system for oil tanker

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