CN114033516B - Liquid compressed air energy storage method and system for coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit - Google Patents
Liquid compressed air energy storage method and system for coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit Download PDFInfo
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- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/06—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein the engine being of extraction or non-condensing type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system for a coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit. The high-efficiency coupling application of the energy storage technology and the thermal power generating unit is realized. The thermal power generating unit can be effectively coupled with the liquid air energy storage system, the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release at the thermal power supply side can be realized, the energy storage system is coupled with the high-back-pressure heat supply unit, the high-quality heat energy in the thermal power generating unit can be effectively utilized to supplement heat for the energy storage system, and the inlet parameters of the energy release air turbine are improved, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system is improved, the absorption of renewable energy sources is promoted, and the stability of a power grid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steam turbine power generation, and particularly relates to a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system for a coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit.
Background
At present, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation are rapidly emerging, but the intermittency and randomness of the renewable energy sources can cause great impact on a power grid, and further development of the renewable energy sources and the safety and stability of the whole power grid are severely restricted.
The energy storage facility can provide output of smooth power generation, peak clipping and valley filling, and coordinated development between the intermittent renewable energy power source and the power grid is realized. Furthermore, by additionally arranging an energy storage facility on the power generation side, multiple functions of enhancing the adjusting capacity of the unit, effectively supporting renewable energy source grid connection, providing reserve capacity and the like can be realized. In addition, the thermal power generating unit is combined with an energy storage facility, so that the defect that the response time of the thermal power generating unit is slow in adjustment can be partially overcome. Along with the gradual improvement of the flexibility auxiliary service market, the thermal power unit can also exert the flexibility thereof to the maximum potential in an energy storage mode, and the maximization of the economic benefit is realized.
According to the prior art, energy storage is mainly divided into three types, namely mechanical energy storage (pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage), electrochemical energy storage (sodium-sulfur battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery and nickel-chromium battery) and electromagnetic energy storage (superconducting magnetic energy storage). But only two modes of pumped storage and compressed air energy storage can be realized at present. The pumped storage mode is greatly restricted by the terrain conditions, and the risk of icing can be caused under the condition of extremely low northern air temperature. The energy storage density of the gaseous compressed air is low, and large storage spaces such as salt pits, caves and the like are needed, so that the storage device is also restricted by the terrain conditions. The liquid air energy storage technology can realize higher energy storage density by liquefying air, has smaller storage space, and is not limited by geographical conditions, so that more and more attention is paid.
The existing liquid air energy storage technology is mainly combined with a renewable energy power generation system, and the research of mutual combination with a thermal power generating unit system is less. The energy storage system is coupled with the high back pressure heat supply unit, heat energy in the thermal power unit can be effectively utilized to supplement heat for the energy storage system, and inlet parameters of the energy release air turbine are improved, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a liquid compressed air energy storage method and system coupled with a high-back-pressure heat supply unit, which can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release at the side of a thermal power supply, and can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of an energy storage system by utilizing the exhaust steam of the thermal power high-back-pressure heat supply unit and the extraction steam at the through-flow position of a steam turbine in the energy storage process to carry out regenerative heat compensation on the energy storage system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high-back-pressure heat supply unit comprises a steam turbine unit, medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected with a heat storage heat exchanger for steam extraction and a back-pressure driving type small steam turbine through pipelines, and exhaust steam of a flow dividing part of the steam turbine unit is connected with a high-back-pressure exhaust steam heat storage heat exchanger through a pipeline;
the working medium outlet of the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger is connected with a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank through a pipeline, the working medium of the steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank is used as a heat source and is connected with a steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger through a pipeline, the working medium outlet of the steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger after releasing heat is connected with a steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank, and the steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank is connected with a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger;
the back pressure driven small steam turbine is connected with a multistage indirect cooling compressor, a heat source circulation loop of the multistage indirect cooling compressor is connected with a multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger, a hot working medium outlet of the multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger is connected with a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank through a pipeline, a compressed air outlet of the multistage indirect cooling compressor is connected with a liquefaction heat exchanger, the liquefaction heat exchanger is connected with a low-temperature expander, the low-temperature expander is connected with a steam-liquid separator, the steam-liquid separator is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with a vaporization heat exchanger, working medium of the high-temperature working medium storage tank is used as a heat source to be connected with the vaporization heat exchanger, a working medium outlet of the vaporization heat exchanger is connected with a compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank through a pipeline, the compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank is connected with a multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger, and a liquid outlet after temperature rise in the vaporization heat exchanger is connected with a high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger through a pipeline;
the heat storage working medium outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization heat storage heat exchanger is connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank through a pipeline, the working medium of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank is used as a heat source to be connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger, the heat source outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger is connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank through a pipeline, the heated working medium outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger is connected with a steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger is connected with a multistage energy storage power generation turbine.
The low-temperature expander is connected with a low-temperature expander generator.
The steam turbine set is connected with the high-backpressure steam exhaust heat storage heat exchanger through a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization pipeline.
The medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine set is connected with the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger and the back pressure driven small steam turbine through the steam extraction utilization heat storage pipeline.
The exhaust steam of the flow dividing part of the turbine unit is connected with a high back pressure condenser, and the high back pressure condenser is connected with a condensation water system;
the high-backpressure exhaust steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger;
the extracted steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger.
The steam turbine set comprises a boiler, main steam of the boiler is connected with a thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, reheat steam of the boiler is connected with a thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, the thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder is connected with the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder, the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder is connected with a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, and intermediate-pressure exhaust steam of the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder and the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder is connected with a steam extraction device through a pipeline to utilize a heat storage heat exchanger and a back pressure driven small steam turbine.
The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s11, extracting steam from a through-flow medium-pressure steam exhaust part of the steam turbine set, dividing the steam into two parts, sending the first part of steam into a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger to exchange heat with a high-temperature heat storage working medium, sending the high-temperature heat storage working medium after heat exchange into a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank to be stored, driving a back pressure driving type small steam turbine to push a multistage indirect cooling compressor by the second part of steam, sending the exhaust steam of the steam turbine set into a high-back pressure steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat storage working medium, and storing heat energy in the high-back pressure steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank after heat exchange;
s12, the multi-stage indirect cooling compressor compresses air to a high-pressure state, the air in the high-pressure state exchanges heat with the multi-stage compression heat collecting heat exchanger, and heat after heat exchange is stored in a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank;
s13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters a liquefaction heat exchanger to absorb cold energy, and the temperature is reduced to enter a cryogenic state;
s14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through a low-temperature expander and a vapor-liquid separator, the compressed air is liquefied into liquid air which is stored in a liquid storage tank, and the unliquefied compressed air is subjected to S13;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s21, the liquefied air in the liquid storage tank enters a vaporization heat exchanger to be heated, the circulating working medium serving as a heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger is compressed heat collected in a high-temperature working medium storage tank, and the circulating working medium after heat release in the vaporization heat exchanger enters a low-temperature working medium storage tank for compressed heat utilization;
s22, liquefied air after temperature rise and vaporization in the vaporization heat exchanger enters a high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-releasing heat exchanger, the liquefied air is subjected to secondary temperature rise in the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-releasing heat exchanger by utilizing waste heat energy of steam discharge stored in a high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing high-temperature working medium storage tank, and high-back-pressure steam discharge enters the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing high-temperature working medium storage tank by utilizing a circulating working medium after heat release in the energy-releasing heat exchanger;
s23, the liquefied air after the secondary temperature rise enters a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger, the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger utilizes heat storage energy stored in a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank to carry out third temperature rise on the liquefied air before expansion so as to improve the working capacity of the liquefied air, and a circulating working medium after heat release in the heat extraction heat exchanger enters a steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank;
and S24, the liquefied air after being heated for the third time enters a multi-stage energy storage power generation turbine, and expands in the multi-stage energy storage power generation turbine to do work and supply power to the outside.
The exhaust steam of the turbine set is sent into a high-backpressure condenser, and the condensed water of the high-backpressure condenser is converged into a condensed water system.
The high-backpressure exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger, and the condensed water is converged into a condensed water system.
The extracted steam is condensed into condensed water by utilizing the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger, and the condensed water is converged into a condensed water system.
Compared with the prior art, the system provided by the invention fully utilizes the effective mass-heat energy flow of the thermal power generating unit, reduces the electric energy consumption in the existing energy storage process through process optimization, realizes energy gradient utilization and storage, and improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of energy storage implementation. The high-efficiency coupling application of the energy storage technology and the thermal power generating unit is realized. The thermal power generating unit can be effectively coupled with the liquid air energy storage system, the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release at the thermal power supply side can be realized, the energy storage system is coupled with the high-back-pressure heat supply unit, the high-quality heat energy in the thermal power generating unit can be effectively utilized to supplement heat for the energy storage system, and the inlet parameters of the energy release air turbine are improved, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system is improved, the absorption of renewable energy sources is promoted, and the stability of a power grid is improved.
The working method combines an energy storage system with a thermal power generating unit, during energy storage, steam is extracted from a discharge pipeline in through-flow of a steam turbine, a first part exchanges heat with a high-temperature heat storage working medium in a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger, heat energy is stored to a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank, a second part drives a back pressure steam turbine to push a multistage indirect cooling compressor, then partial high back pressure steam exhaust unit exhausts steam, the high back pressure steam exhaust utilization pipeline exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage working medium in the high back pressure steam exhaust utilization heat storage heat exchanger, and the heat energy is stored in the high back pressure steam exhaust utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank; the compressed air is further liquefied through the liquefaction heat exchanger and then stored in the low-temperature liquid tank, and the collected compression heat in the multi-stage compression process and the stored heat energy are utilized to carry out temperature increase during energy release so as to enhance the work-doing capacity of the energy-releasing air turbine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a multi-stage energy storage power generation turbine; 2. the high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the energy releasing heat exchanger; 3. high-backpressure exhaust steam utilizes a high-temperature working medium storage tank; 4. a low-temperature working medium storage tank is used for high-backpressure steam exhaust; 5. the high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes a heat storage heat exchanger; 6. a high back pressure exhaust steam utilization pipeline; 7. extracting steam and utilizing a high-temperature working medium storage tank; 8. extracting steam and utilizing a low-temperature working medium storage tank; 9. an energy-releasing heat exchanger for steam extraction; 10. extracting steam by using a heat storage heat exchanger; 11. a heat storage pipeline is used for steam extraction; 12. a backpressure driven small steam turbine; 13. a multi-stage indirect cooling compressor; 14. a multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger; 15. a high-temperature working medium storage tank for utilizing compression heat; 16. a low-temperature working medium storage tank for utilizing compression heat; 17. a vapor-liquid separator; 18. a liquefaction heat exchanger; 19. a low temperature expander; 20. a low temperature expander generator; 21. a liquid storage tank; 22. a vaporizing heat exchanger; 23. a thermal power steam turbine high pressure cylinder; 24. a thermal power steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder; 25. a boiler; 26. a high back pressure condenser; 27. and (5) a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heat supply unit comprises a steam turbine unit, medium pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected with an exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10 and a back pressure driven small steam turbine 12 through an exhaust steam utilization heat storage pipeline 11, and exhaust steam of a flow dividing part of the steam turbine unit is connected with a high back pressure exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger 5 through a pipeline;
the hot working medium outlet of the steam extraction utilization heat storage exchanger 10 is connected with a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 through a pipeline, the working medium of the steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 is used as a heat source for steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, the working medium outlet after the heat release of the steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger 9 is connected with a steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 8, and the steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 8 is connected with the steam extraction utilization heat storage exchanger 10;
the back pressure driving type small steam turbine 12 is connected with a multi-stage indirect cooling compressor 13, a heat source circulation loop of the multi-stage indirect cooling compressor 13 is connected with a multi-stage compression heat collecting heat exchanger 14, a hot working medium outlet of the multi-stage compression heat collecting heat exchanger 14 is connected with a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 15 through a pipeline, a compressed air outlet of the multi-stage indirect cooling compressor 13 is connected with a liquefaction heat exchanger 18, the liquefaction heat exchanger 18 is connected with a low-temperature expansion machine 19, the low-temperature expansion machine 19 is connected with a steam-liquid separator 17, and the low-temperature expansion machine 19 is connected with a low-temperature expansion machine generator 20. The vapor-liquid separator 17 is connected with a liquid storage tank 21, the liquid storage tank 21 is connected with a vaporization heat exchanger 22, working medium of a high-temperature working medium storage tank 15 is used as a heat source to be connected with the vaporization heat exchanger 22, a working medium outlet of the vaporization heat exchanger 22 is connected with a compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 through a pipeline, the compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 is connected with a multi-stage compression heat collection heat exchanger 14, and a liquid outlet after temperature rise in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 is connected with a high-back-pressure exhaust steam utilization energy release heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline;
the heat storage working medium outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization heat storage exchanger 5 is connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 3 through a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization pipeline 6, the working medium of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 3 is used as a heat source to be connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger 2, the heat source outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger 2 is connected with a high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 4 through a pipeline, the heated working medium outlet of the high-backpressure steam exhaust utilization energy release heat exchanger 2 is connected with a steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger 9 is connected with a multistage energy storage power generation steam turbine 1.
The exhaust steam of the flow dividing part of the turbine set is connected with a high back pressure condenser 26, and the high back pressure condenser 26 is connected with a condensation water system; the high-backpressure exhaust steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger 5; the extracted steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger 10.
The steam turbine unit comprises a boiler 25, main steam of the boiler 25 is connected with a thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder 23 through a pipeline, reheat steam of the boiler 25 is connected with a thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 24 through a pipeline, the thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder 23 is connected with the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 24, the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 24 is connected with a turbine low-pressure cylinder 27, and intermediate-pressure exhaust steam of the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 24 and the turbine low-pressure cylinder 27 is connected with a heat storage heat exchanger 10 and a back pressure driving type small steam turbine 12 through pipelines.
The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s11, extracting steam from a through-flow medium-pressure steam exhaust part of the steam turbine set, dividing the steam into two parts, sending the first part of the steam into a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10 to exchange heat with a high-temperature heat storage working medium, sending the high-temperature heat storage working medium after heat exchange into a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 to be stored, driving a back pressure driving type small steam turbine 12 by the second part of the steam to push a multistage indirect cooling compressor 13, sending the exhaust steam of the steam turbine set into a high-back pressure steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat storage working medium, and storing heat energy in the high-back pressure steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 3 after heat exchange; the exhaust steam of the turbine unit is fed into a high-back-pressure condenser 26, and the condensed water of the high-back-pressure condenser 26 is collected into a condensed water system. The high-backpressure exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage and exchange device 5 and is converged into a condensed water system. The extracted steam is condensed into condensed water by using the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger 10 and is converged into a condensed water system.
S12, the multistage indirect cooling compressor 13 compresses air to a high-pressure state, the air in the high-pressure state exchanges heat with the multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger 14, and heat after heat exchange is stored in a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 15;
s13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters the liquefaction heat exchanger 18 to absorb cold energy, and is cooled to enter a cryogenic state;
s14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through the low-temperature expansion machine 19 and the vapor-liquid separator 17, the compressed air is liquefied into liquid air and stored in the liquid storage tank 21, and the non-liquefied compressed air is subjected to S13;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s21, the liquefied air in the liquid storage tank 21 enters the vaporization heat exchanger 22 to be heated, the circulating working medium serving as a heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 is compressed heat collected in the high-temperature working medium storage tank 15, and the circulating working medium after releasing heat in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 enters the low-temperature working medium storage tank 16 for utilizing the compressed heat;
s22, liquefied air after temperature rise and vaporization in the vaporization heat exchanger 22 enters the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing heat-releasing heat exchanger 2, the liquefied air in the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing heat-releasing heat exchanger 2 utilizes waste heat energy of steam-discharging stored in the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing high-temperature working medium storage tank 3 to carry out secondary temperature rise, and high-back-pressure steam-discharging utilizes circulating working media after heat release in the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 to enter the high-back-pressure steam-discharging energy-utilizing high-temperature working medium storage tank 4;
s23, the liquefied air after the secondary temperature rise enters the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10, the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger 10 utilizes the heat storage energy stored in the steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank 7 to heat the liquefied air for the third time before expansion so as to improve the working capacity of the liquefied air, and the circulating working medium after heat release in the heat extraction heat exchanger 10 enters the steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank 8;
and S24, the liquefied air after being heated for the third time enters the multistage energy storage power generation turbine 1, and expands in the multistage energy storage power generation turbine 1 to do work and supply power to the outside.
After the energy storage process begins, most of flow from the discharge position in the flow stage of the thermal power generating unit exchanges heat with the heat storage working medium in the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger, high-quality heat is stored in a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank, and steam releases heat to form drainage and flows back to a turbine thermodynamic system. The second part drives the back pressure turbine to push the multistage indirect cooling compressor, then the high back pressure unit is shunted to exhaust steam, the high back pressure exhaust steam utilizes the pipeline and the high temperature heat storage working medium to exchange heat in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger, and the heat energy is stored in the high back pressure exhaust steam utilization high temperature working medium storage tank; the compressed air is further liquefied through the liquefaction heat exchanger and then stored in the low-temperature liquid tank, and the collected compression heat in the multi-stage compression process and the stored heat energy are utilized to carry out temperature increase during energy release so as to enhance the work-doing capacity of the energy-releasing air turbine.
In the energy releasing process, liquefied air in the low-temperature liquid tank is sucked into the low-temperature pump to increase the pressure, firstly, the collected compression heat in the multi-stage compression process is used for carrying out regenerative heating in the vaporization heat exchanger to raise the temperature for vaporization, and then, the exhaust heat of the high-back-pressure unit and the heat storage energy of the extracted steam of the steam turbine are further used for increasing the temperature of the inlet of the power generation steam turbine, so that the working capacity of the compressed air is improved. And then the compressed air enters an energy storage power generation turbine, expands in the turbine to do work and supplies power to the outside.
The existing liquid air energy storage technology has less research on the mutual combination with a thermal power generating unit system. The invention can realize the free conversion process of energy storage and energy release at the side of a thermal power supply, the energy storage system is coupled with the high-back-pressure heat supply unit, the high-quality heat energy in the thermal power unit can be effectively utilized to supplement heat for the energy storage system, and the inlet parameters of the energy release air turbine are improved, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system is improved, and the invention has great significance for promoting the absorption of renewable energy and improving the stability of a power grid.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid compressed air energy storage system is characterized by comprising a steam turbine set, medium-pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine set is connected with a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) and a back pressure driving type small steam turbine (12) through pipelines, and exhaust steam of a flow dividing part of the steam turbine set is connected with a high-back pressure exhaust steam utilization heat storage heat exchanger (5) through pipelines;
the hot working medium outlet of the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) is connected with a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (7) through a pipeline, the working medium of the steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (7) is used as a heat source and is connected with a steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger (9) through a pipeline, the working medium outlet of the steam extraction utilization energy release heat exchanger (9) after releasing heat is connected with a steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (8), and the steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (8) is connected with the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10);
the back pressure driving type small steam turbine (12) is connected with a multistage indirect cooling compressor (13), a heat source circulation loop of the multistage indirect cooling compressor (13) is connected with a multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger (14), a hot working medium outlet of the multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger (14) is connected with a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (15) through a pipeline, a compressed air outlet of the multistage indirect cooling compressor (13) is connected with a liquefying heat exchanger (18), the liquefying heat exchanger (18) is connected with a low-temperature expansion machine (19), the low-temperature expansion machine (19) is connected with a vapor-liquid separator (17), the vapor-liquid separator (17) is connected with a liquid storage tank (21), the liquid storage tank (21) is connected with a vaporizing heat exchanger (22), the compression heat utilizes the working medium of the high-temperature working medium storage tank (15) as a heat source to be connected with the vaporizing heat exchanger (22), a working medium outlet of the vaporizing heat exchanger (22) is connected with the compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (16) through a pipeline, the compression heat utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (16) is connected with the multistage compression heat collecting heat exchanger (14), and a liquid outlet after temperature rise in the vaporizing heat exchanger (22) is connected with a high back pressure exhaust steam utilization energy releasing heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline;
high back pressure steam extraction utilizes the heat-retaining working medium export of heat-retaining heat exchanger (5) to connect high back pressure steam extraction through the pipeline and utilizes high temperature working medium storage tank (3), high back pressure steam extraction utilizes the working medium of high temperature working medium storage tank (3) to connect high back pressure steam extraction as the heat source and utilizes energy release heat exchanger (2), high back pressure steam extraction utilizes the heat source export in the energy release heat exchanger (2) to utilize low temperature working medium storage tank (4) through the pipeline connection high back pressure steam extraction, high back pressure steam extraction utilizes the heated working medium export of energy release heat exchanger (2) to extract steam and utilizes energy release heat exchanger (9), the air outlet that extracts steam and utilizes energy release heat exchanger (9) connects multistage energy storage power generation steam turbine (1).
2. The liquid compressed air energy storage system of a coupled high back pressure heating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature expander (19) is connected to a low temperature expander generator (20).
3. The liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steam turbine unit is connected with the high-back-pressure steam-exhaust heat-storage heat exchanger (5) through a high-back-pressure steam-exhaust heat-utilization pipeline (6).
4. The liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium pressure exhaust steam of the steam turbine unit is connected with the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) and the back pressure driven small steam turbine (12) through a steam extraction utilization heat storage pipeline (11).
5. The liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust steam of the flow dividing part of the turbine unit is connected with a high back pressure condenser (26), and the high back pressure condenser (26) is connected with a condensed water system;
the high-backpressure exhaust steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (5);
the extracted steam is connected with a condensation water system through a pipeline by utilizing the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (10).
6. The liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high-back-pressure heat supply unit is characterized in that the steam turbine unit comprises a boiler (25), main steam of the boiler (25) is connected with a thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder (23) through a pipeline, reheat steam of the boiler (25) is connected with a thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (24) through a pipeline, the thermal power turbine high-pressure cylinder (23) is connected with the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (24), the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (24) is connected with a turbine low-pressure cylinder (27), and intermediate-pressure exhaust steam of the thermal power turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (24) and the turbine low-pressure cylinder (27) is connected with an extraction steam through a pipeline to utilize a heat storage heat exchanger (10) and a back-pressure driving small steam turbine (12).
7. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupled high-backpressure heat supply unit is characterized by comprising an energy storage process and an energy release process;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s11, extracting steam from a through-flow medium-pressure steam exhaust part of the steam turbine set, dividing the steam into two parts, sending the first part of steam into a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) for heat exchange with a high-temperature heat storage working medium, sending the high-temperature heat storage working medium after heat exchange into a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (7) for storage, driving a back pressure driving type small steam turbine (12) by the second part of steam to push a multistage indirect cooling compressor (13), sending the exhaust steam of the steam turbine set into a high-back pressure steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange with the high-temperature heat storage working medium, and storing the heat energy in the high-back pressure steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (3) after heat exchange;
s12, the multi-stage indirect cooling compressor (13) compresses air to a high-pressure state, the air in the high-pressure state exchanges heat with the multi-stage compression heat collecting heat exchanger (14), and heat after heat exchange is stored in a compression heat utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (15);
s13, the compressed air after heat exchange enters a liquefaction heat exchanger (18) to absorb cold energy, and is cooled to enter a cryogenic state;
s14, the compressed air in the cryogenic state passes through the low-temperature expansion machine (19) and the vapor-liquid separator (17), the compressed air is liquefied into liquid air which is stored in a liquid storage tank (21), and the non-liquefied compressed air is subjected to S13;
the energy storage process comprises the following steps:
s21, enabling liquefied air in the liquid storage tank (21) to enter a vaporization heat exchanger (22) for regenerative heating, enabling a circulating working medium serving as a heat source in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) to be compression heat and utilizing the compression heat collected in a high-temperature working medium storage tank (15), and enabling the circulating working medium after heat release in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) to enter a compression heat and utilizing a low-temperature working medium storage tank (16);
s22, liquefied air after temperature rise and vaporization in the vaporization heat exchanger (22) enters a high-back-pressure steam-exhaust energy-utilization energy-release heat exchanger (2), the liquefied air is subjected to secondary temperature rise in the high-back-pressure steam-exhaust energy-release heat exchanger (2) by utilizing waste heat energy of steam exhaust stored in a high-back-pressure steam-exhaust energy-utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (3), and high-back-pressure steam exhaust enters a high-back-pressure steam-exhaust energy-utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (4) by utilizing a circulating working medium after heat release in the energy-release heat exchanger (2);
s23, the liquefied air after secondary temperature rise enters a steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10), the steam extraction utilization heat storage heat exchanger (10) utilizes heat storage energy stored in a steam extraction utilization high-temperature working medium storage tank (7) to carry out third temperature rise on the liquefied air before expansion so as to improve the working capacity of the liquefied air, and a circulating working medium after heat release in the heat extraction heat exchanger (10) enters a steam extraction utilization low-temperature working medium storage tank (8);
and S24, the liquefied air heated for the third time enters the multi-stage energy storage power generation turbine (1), and expands in the multi-stage energy storage power generation turbine (1) to do work and supply power to the outside.
8. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system coupled with the high back pressure heat supply unit is characterized in that the exhaust steam of the turbine unit is sent into a high back pressure condenser (26), and the condensed water of the high back pressure condenser (26) is converged into a condensed water system.
9. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit according to claim 7, wherein the high back pressure exhaust steam is condensed into condensed water by utilizing the exhaust steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (5) and is converged into a condensed water system.
10. The working method of the liquid compressed air energy storage system of the coupling high back pressure heat supply unit according to claim 7, wherein the extracted steam is condensed into condensed water by using the steam after heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger (10) and is converged into a condensed water system.
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