CN114026278A - 制备非织造纤维幅材的方法、非织造纤维幅材和多组分纤维 - Google Patents
制备非织造纤维幅材的方法、非织造纤维幅材和多组分纤维 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114026278A CN114026278A CN202080046713.5A CN202080046713A CN114026278A CN 114026278 A CN114026278 A CN 114026278A CN 202080046713 A CN202080046713 A CN 202080046713A CN 114026278 A CN114026278 A CN 114026278A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备非织造纤维幅材的方法,该方法包括:提供熔喷非织造纤维幅材,该熔喷非织造纤维幅材包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的粘结的一次纤维,其中该一次纤维包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元;开松该熔喷非织造纤维幅材的至少一部分以提供松散的一次纤维;将该松散的一次纤维与二次纤维组合;以及形成包含该一次纤维和该二次纤维的二次非织造纤维幅材。可根据该方法制备的纤维幅材和多组分纤维包括第一相和第二相,该第一相包含含有二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元的共聚物,该第二相包含不可生物降解的聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本公开广义地涉及纤维和包括它们的非织造纤维幅材。
背景技术
高度亲水性、吸收性和可溶性纤维可用作伤口敷料材料中的组分。这些产品中最常用的材料是藻酸盐和羧甲基纤维素。许多伤口护理产品利用阳离子防腐剂,其杀死多种微生物,但被阴离子材料诸如藻酸盐和羧甲基纤维素螯合和/或失活。人造丝也是通常用于伤口护理产品中的高度亲水性材料,但其也结合阳离子抗微生物分子。
熔喷是用于形成热塑性多组分纤维的非织造纤维幅材的方法。在典型的熔喷方法中,一种或多种热塑性(共)聚合物流通过包含密集布置的孔的模头挤出,并通过高速热空气的汇聚流而变细,以形成微纤维,这些微纤维被收集以形成熔喷非织造纤维幅材。多组分熔喷纤维以及用于制备此类纤维的各种设备和方法也是已知的。通常用于形成常规熔喷非织造纤维幅材的热塑性(共)聚合物包括聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)。熔喷非织造纤维幅材用于多种应用中,包括隔音和隔热、过滤介质、外科盖布和擦拭物等等。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术,期望具有可用于伤口护理产品(例如,绷带)的避免前述问题的纤维和非织造纤维幅材。本公开提供了适用于伤口敷料中的避免阳离子防腐剂失活的非离子纤维材料。另外,这些纤维材料可对人类细胞无毒。
在第一方面,本公开提供了一种制备非织造纤维幅材的方法,该方法包括:
a)提供熔喷非织造纤维幅材,该熔喷非织造纤维幅材包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的粘结的一次纤维,其中一次纤维包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元;
b)开松熔喷非织造纤维幅材的至少一部分以提供松散的一次纤维;
c)将松散的一次纤维与二次纤维组合;以及
d)形成包含一次纤维和二次纤维的二次非织造纤维幅材。
在第二方面,本公开提供了一种通过根据本公开的方法制备的二次非织造纤维幅材。
在第三方面,本公开提供了一种非织造纤维幅材,该非织造纤维幅材包含至少一次纤维和二次纤维的共混物,其中一次纤维包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的一次纤维,并且其中一次纤维包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元。
在第四方面,本公开提供了一种多组分纤维,该多组分纤维包含第一相和第二相,该第一相包含含有二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元的共聚物,该第二相包含不可生物降解的聚合物。
如本文所用:
术语“单体单元”是指聚合物链中对应于用于形成聚合物链的单体的残基,或用于形成聚合物链的单体的碱性盐(例如,共轭碱盐);
术语“纤维”可以指具有有限长度的纤维或具有无限长度的长丝;
术语“非织造幅材”意指如下结构或材料幅材,该结构或材料幅材是在不使用织造或针织工艺来产生相互啮合但不以可识别的重复方式相互啮合的单独纤维或线的结构的情况下形成的。在过去,非织造幅材已通过多种常规方法形成,诸如熔喷法和短纤维梳理法。
在考虑具体实施方式以及所附权利要求书时,将进一步理解本公开的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为根据本公开的非织造纤维幅材100的示意性透视图。
图2为根据本公开的一个实施方案的多组分纤维200的示意性剖视图。
图3A至图3C为根据本公开的各种实施方案的多组分纤维300a-300c的示意性剖视图。
在说明书和附图中重复使用的参考符号旨在表示本公开的相同或类似的特征结构或元件。应当理解,本领域的技术人员可设计出落入本公开原理的范围和实质内的许多其它修改形式和实施方案。附图可不按比例绘制。
具体实施方式
现在参见图1,示例性非织造纤维幅材100包括一次纤维110和二次纤维120。一次纤维110具有2微米至100微米的平均纤维直径并且包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元。
共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元(即,)和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元。在优选的实施方案中,二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元包括3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基单体单元(即,单体单元)。任选地但通常地,共聚物还包含乙酰氧基乙亚基二价单体单元(即,单体单元)。共聚物可通过乙酸乙烯酯和3,4-二羟基-1-丁烯的共聚,随后部分或完全皂化乙酰氧基基团以形成羟基基团而获得。另选地,代替3,4-二羟基-1-丁烯,还可使用碳酸盐,诸如
。在共聚后,该碳酸盐可与乙酸根基团的皂化同时水解。在另一个实施方案中,用具有下式的缩醛或缩酮代替3,4-二羟基-1-丁烯:
其中每个R独立地为氢或烷基(例如,甲基或乙基)。在共聚后,该碳酸盐可与乙酸根基团的皂化同时水解,或单独水解。例如,共聚物可根据已知方法制备或者从商业供应商获得。
可商购获得的共聚物可包括以商品名Nichigo G-Polymer(日本大阪的NipponGohsei合成化学工业公司(Nippon Gohsei Synthetic Chemical Industry,Osaka,Japan))获得的那些,其为高度无定形的聚乙烯醇,据信具有羟基乙亚基、3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基、以及任选乙酰氧基乙亚基的二价单体单元。Nippon Gohsei也指化学名为丁烯二醇乙烯醇(BVOH)的Nichigo G-Polymer。示例性材料包括Nichigo G-Polymer等级AZF8035W、OKS-1024、OKS-8041、OKS-8089、OKS-8118、OKS-6026、OKS-1011、OKS-8049、OKS-1028、OKS-1027、OKS-1109、OKS-1081和OKS-1083。据信这些共聚物具有80摩尔%至97.9摩尔%的皂化度,并且还包含多元醇的环氧烷加合物,该加合物包含每摩尔多元醇5摩尔至9摩尔的环氧烷。
熔喷方法是本领域中熟知的。如本文所用,术语“熔喷”是指其中通过将熔融热塑性材料通过多个细的、通常为圆形的模头毛细管挤出到高速气体(例如,空气)流中来形成纤维的方法,该高速气体流使熔融热塑性材料变细并形成纤维,该纤维可为微纤维直径,诸如直径小于10微米。此后,熔喷纤维由气体流运送并沉积在收集表面上,以形成无规熔喷纤维的幅材。这样的方法在例如美国专利号3,849,241(Butin等人);4,307,143(Meitner等人);和4,707,398(Wisneski等人)中有所公开。有利且出乎意料的是,至少对于G-polymer材料,熔喷纤维幅材中的一次纤维的纤维间粘结强度足够低,使得幅材可被机械地开松以提供单独的一次纤维。
根据本公开的一次纤维可具有圆形和/或非圆形横截面。同样,它们可以是连续的或不连续的(例如,无规纤维或短纤维)。一次纤维的平均直径为2微米至100微米,优选地为3微米至60微米,更优选地为5微米至20微米。
根据本公开制备的熔喷纤维幅材可具有任何基重和厚度,例如,1g/m2(gsm)至400gsm、1gsm至200gsm、10gsm至200gsm、50gsm至约200gsm、或甚至100gsm至约200gsm。
任选地,熔喷方法还可包括以下中的至少一者:向多根离散的不连续多组分纤维中加入多根短纤维,或向多根离散的不连续多组分纤维中加入多个颗粒,以形成复合非织造纤维幅材。
在一些实施方案中,需要颗粒在整个幅材上基本上均匀分布。还有的情况是,非均匀分布是有利的。在某些示例性实施方案中,可以有利地在复合非织造纤维幅材内产生颗粒密度梯度。例如,穿过幅材深度的梯度可以造成可用于深层过滤的孔径分布的变化。表面加载有颗粒的幅材可以被成形为过滤器,在该过滤器中,流体早在流体通道中就暴露于颗粒,并且幅材的剩余部分提供用于防止颗粒脱落的支持结构和手段。流体通道还可以反向,以便幅材可以用作预过滤器,以在流体达到颗粒的活性表面之前将一些污染物去除。用于将颗粒料流添加到非织造纤维料流的各种方法是已知的。合适的方法在美国专利号4,118,531(Hauser),6,872,3115(Koslow)和6,494,974(Riddell);以及美国专利申请公布号2005/0266760(Chhabra和Isele),2005/0287891(Park)和2006/0096911(Brey等人)中有所描述。在其他示例性实施方案中,可以通过对纤维幅材进行气流成网处理、将颗粒添加到纤维幅材(例如,通过将幅材穿过颗粒的流化床),任选地对颗粒加载的幅材进行后期加热以将颗粒粘结到纤维,从而将任选的颗粒添加到非织造纤维流。
另选地,预成形的非织造纤维幅材可用在挥发性流体(例如,有机溶剂或甚至水)中预成形的颗粒分散体喷涂,任选地其中后加热颗粒加载的幅材,以移除挥发性流体并将颗粒粘结到纤维。在另外的示例性实施方案中,该方法还包括将多根离散的不连续多组分纤维收集在收集器上作为非织造纤维幅材。在某些此类示例性实施方案中,复合非织造纤维幅材可以通过如下步骤形成:将细、超细或亚微米纤维群体直接沉积到收集器表面上或沉积到收集器表面上的任选支承层上,该支承层任选地包含微纤维,以便在该多孔支承层上形成细、超细或亚微米纤维群体。
制备熔喷纤维幅材的方法可包括其中任选支承层穿过细、超细或亚微米纤维的纤维料流的步骤,该支承层可任选地包含聚合物微纤维。当穿过纤维流时,细、超细或亚微米纤维可以沉积在支承层上,以便临时或永久地粘结到该支承层。当纤维沉积到支承层上时,纤维可以任选地彼此粘结,并且在该支承层上时可进一步硬化。在某些示例性实施方案中,细、超细、或亚微米纤维群体与任选的多孔支承层结合,该多孔支承层包含粗微纤维群体的至少一部分。在一些示例性实施方案中,形成多孔支承层的微纤维与形成第一层的微纤维群体在组成上相同。在其他目前优选的实施方案中,细、超细或亚微米纤维群体与任选的多孔支承层组合,并随后与粗微纤维群体的至少一部分组合。在一些实施方案中,多孔支承层邻接第二层,与第一层相对。在其他示例性实施方案中,多孔支承层包含非织造织物、织造织物、针织织物、泡沫层、幕层、多孔膜、穿孔膜、长丝阵列或它们的组合。在一些示例性实施方案中,多孔支承层包括热塑性网片。
在一些实施方案中,熔喷纤维幅材制备方法还包括使用选自自生粘结(例如,通风粘结和/或压延)、驻极体带电、压花、针缝或它们的组合的方法来处理所收集的非织造纤维幅材。
在收集之前或期间,根据纤维的状况和微纤维和亚微米纤维的相对比例,在纤维本身(自生粘结)之间以及在纤维和任何任选的颗粒之间可以进行一些粘结。然而,可能期望的是在收集的幅材中在纤维本身之间以及在纤维和任何任选的颗粒之间进行进一步粘结,以提供所需的抱合力的基质,从而使幅材更可处理且能够更好地将任何亚微米纤维保持在基质内(“粘结”纤维本身意指将纤维牢固粘附在一起,因此,当幅材经受正常处理时纤维一般不会分离)。
在某些示例性实施方案中,可以将微纤维和亚微米纤维的共混物粘结在一起。例如,使用热粘结、粘合剂粘结、粉状粘结剂、针缝、压延或其组合可以实现粘结。可使用在点粘结方法中施加热和压力或通过平滑压延机辊的常规粘结技术,但这些方法可能会造成不良的纤维变形或幅材过度压缩。用于粘结纤维(尤其是微纤维)的目前优选的技术为美国专利申请公布号2008/0038976A1(Berrigan等人)中公布的自生粘结方法。
在一些实施方案中,熔喷纤维可有利地采用静电充电。因此,在某些示例性实施方案中,熔喷纤维可经历驻极体充电方法。一种示例性驻极体充电方法为水充电。纤维的水充电可使用多种技术进行,包括将极性流体撞击、浸泡或冷凝至纤维上,随后干燥,以使得纤维变得带电。描述水充电的代表性专利包括美国专利号5,496,507(Angadjivand等人);5,908,598(Rousseau等人);6,375,886(Angadjivand等人);6,406,657B1(Eitzman等人);6,454,986(Eitzman等人)和6,743,464B1(Insley等人)。
可用于水力缠结纤维的设备通常可用于进行水充电,但在水充电中进行操作的压力比在水力缠结中通常使用的压力低。美国专利号5,496,507(Angadjivand等人)描述了一种示例性设备,其中在压力下使水射流或水滴流撞击到幅材形式的纤维上,该压力足以提供具有增强过滤的驻极体电荷的随后干燥的介质。
获得最佳效果所必需的压力可根据如下因素变化:所用的喷雾器的类型、用于形成纤维的(共)聚合物的类型、幅材的厚度和密度、以及在水充电之前是否进行了诸如电晕放电的预处理。
通常,在约69kPa至约3450kPa范围内的压力是合适的。优选地,用于提供水滴的水是相对纯的。蒸馏水或去离子水优于自来水。
除了水充电之外或替代水充电,(例如,非织造纤维幅材中的)纤维可经受其他充电技术,包括静电充电(例如,如在美国专利号4,215,682(Kubik等人)、5,401,446(Tsai等人)和6,119,691(Angadjivand等人)中所述)、摩擦充电(例如,如在美国专利号4,798,850(Brown)中所述)或等离子氟化(例如,如在美国专利号6,397,458B1(Jones等人)中所述)。进行电晕充电然后进行水充电、以及进行等离子氟化然后进行水充电是特别合适的以组合方式使用的充电技术。
常规用于纤维成形方法的附加物的各种方法可以在纤维离开熔喷模具的一个或多个孔时与其结合使用。此类方法包括将抛光剂、粘合剂或其他材料喷洒到纤维上,将静电荷施加到纤维,将水雾施加到纤维,等等。另外,可以在收集的幅材中添加多种材料,包括粘结剂、粘合剂、涂饰剂以及其他幅材或膜。例如,在收集之前,挤出的纤维或纤维可经历多个附加加工步骤,例如,进一步拉延、喷涂等等。也可有利地在收集之前或期间将各种流体施加到纤维,所述流体包括喷涂到纤维上的水,例如用以加热纤维的加热的水或蒸汽,或用以淬灭纤维的冷水。
除此之外或另选地,在收集后,可将收集的物质卷绕成存储卷筒以根据需要进行后续加工。通常,一旦收集的熔喷非织造纤维幅材已被收集,就可将其传输至其他设备,诸如压延机、压花工位、层合机、切割机等;或者可使其穿过驱动辊并卷绕成存储卷筒。
松散的一次纤维可以任何合适的方法与二次纤维组合以实现二次纤维幅材。此类方法是非织造纤维幅材领域中已知的。例如,可将一次纤维和二次纤维机械地和/或空气混合以形成非织造纤维幅材。
可以通过例如常规的气流成网、梳理成网、缝编、纺粘、湿法成网和/或熔喷工序制作非织造纤维幅材。在一些实施方案中,非织造幅材可通过纤维的气流成网来制备。可以使用诸如以商品名RANDO WEBBER购自纽约州马其顿的兰多机械公司(Rando MachineCompany,Macedon,New York)的装备制备气流成网非织造纤维幅材。在一些实施方案中,可使用一类名为重力成网法的气流成网法,如例如在授予Lalouch的美国专利申请公布2011/0247839中所述,该专利申请公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
例如,可通过诸如交叉搭接、缝编、针缝、化学粘结和/或热粘结之类的技术使非织造纤维幅材致密和强化。
示例性合适的二次纤维可为连续纤维或短纤维。二次纤维可以是未卷曲的或卷曲的、无规的和/或短切的。二次纤维可具有至多约500微米的纤维直径,例如聚合物纤维或天然纤维的0.5旦尼尔至100旦尼尔、0.5旦尼尔至50旦尼尔、0.5旦尼尔至25旦尼尔、0.5旦尼尔至约15旦尼尔、或甚至0.5旦尼尔至约10旦尼尔。可用的二次纤维可以是天然纤维、合成纤维、无机纤维(玻璃纤维、金属纤维和陶瓷纤维)或它们的组合。
如本文所用,术语“旦尼尔”是指指示纤维纱线等的厚度的国际单位,其是指具有9000米长度的纤维的重量,以g计。当纤维的旦尼尔数小于3时,纤维可能容易断裂,使得难以制造和处理非织造纤维幅材。本文中,基重意指每单位面积(sqm)非织造纤维幅材的重量(g)。
示例性合成纤维可包括以下各项中的至少一者:聚烯烃(例如,聚乙烯(HDPE、LDPE、LLDPE、VLDPE、ULDPE、UHMW-PE)、聚丙烯、聚(1-丁烯)、聚异丁烯、聚(1-戊烯)、聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(例如,苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)嵌段共聚物、或苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物)纤维、聚酯(例如,聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚己内酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)纤维、聚酰胺(例如,聚己内酰胺或尼龙6,6)纤维、丙烯酸(例如,丙烯腈)纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚碳酸酯纤维、聚苯乙烯纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚砜纤维、聚甲醛纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚脲纤维、人造丝纤维、或聚氨酯纤维。
示例性合适的天然纤维包括棉纤维、羊毛纤维、羊绒纤维、洋麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、纤维素纤维、剑麻纤维、椰壳纤维、以及它们的组合。
示例性合适的金属纤维包括不锈钢纤维、镍纤维、钛纤维、铜纤维、铝纤维以及它们的组合。
除非另外指明,否则根据本公开的非织造纤维幅材可以具有任何基重、厚度、孔隙度和/或密度。在一些实施方案中,非织造纤维幅材是膨松有弹性的开孔式非织造纤维幅材。
除前述制备非织造纤维幅材和任选地对其进行结合或驻极体充电的方法之外,一旦形成非织造纤维幅材,就可以任选地进行以下处理步骤中的一者或多者:
(1)沿着朝向进一步加工操作的处理通道送入非织造纤维幅材;
(2)使一个或多个附加层接触亚微米纤维组分、微纤维组分和/或任选支承层的外表面;
(3)压延非织造纤维幅材;
(4)用表面处理剂或其他组合物(例如,阻燃剂组合物、粘合剂组合物或印刷层)涂覆非织造纤维幅材;
(5)将非织造纤维幅材附接到纸板或塑料管;
(6)将非织造纤维幅材缠绕成卷的形式;
(7)裁切非织造纤维幅材,以形成两个或更多个狭缝辊和/或多个狭缝片材;
(8)将非织造纤维幅材置于模具中,并将非织造纤维幅材模制成新的形状;以及
(9)将剥离衬垫施加在暴露的任选压敏粘合剂层上方(如果存在的话)。
虽然如上文所讨论的,一次纤维和二次纤维的纤维共混物可用于制备非织造纤维幅材,但是如果一次纤维材料和第二纤维材料是可挤出的,则也可以将一次纤维材料和二次纤维材料组合在单个多组分纤维内。与相同聚合物的非织造纤维共混物幅材相比,由这些多组分纤维制成的非织造纤维幅材可具有相似或优异的特性。
现在参见图2,示例性多组分纤维200包含第一相210和第二相220。第一相210包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元,如上文所述。第二相220包含不可生物降解的聚合物。第一相和第二相中的任一者或两者可以是连续的或不连续的。
虽然图2所示的多组分纤维200具有圆形横截面,但也可使用其他横截面,诸如三角形、正方形、矩形、五边形、六边形、七边形、八边形、星形、椭圆形、三叶形和四叶形。
图3A至图3C示出了多组分纤维300a-300c内的第一相和第二相(310a-310c、320a-320c)的各种其他示例性构型。也可使用未示出的其他构型。例如,其中BVOH聚合物包含在外皮中并且不可生物降解的聚合物包含在纤维芯中的芯-外皮构造在一些情况下可能是期望的。
多组分纤维可通过熟知的共挤出技术来制备。例如,关于多组分纤维制造挤出技术的细节可见于美国专利号5,207,790和5,232,770(Joseph等人),这些专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
不可生物降解的聚合物是在需氧或厌氧条件下不因微生物/酶的作用而分解的那些聚合物。
不可生物降解的聚合物包括聚烯烃,诸如聚乙烯(例如,HDPE、LDPE、LLDPE、VLDPE、ULDPE、UHMW-PE等级)、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚(醚醚酮)和聚-4-甲基戊烯、某些聚酯(例如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚氯乙烯、某些丙烯酸类聚合物(例如,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈)、某些聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(例如,SIS、SEBS、SBS)、聚砜和某些聚氨酯。
多组分纤维可具有任何纤维直径,平均直径为2微米至100微米,优选地为3微米至60微米,更优选地为5微米至20微米,并且可为连续纤维、无规纤维或短纤维。多组分纤维可以是卷曲的或非卷曲的。
用于制备多组分纤维的方法是熟知的,并且不需要在此详细描述。为了形成多组分纤维,通常将第一熔融混合物和第二熔融混合物作为单独的液体流进料到至少一个孔口以形成由第一(共)聚合物组分和第二(共)聚合物组分构成的至少一根多组分熔融长丝,将气体流施加到至少一根多组分熔融长丝以使至少一根多组分熔融长丝变细以形成多根离散的不连续多组分纤维;以及
将多根离散的不连续多组分纤维冷却至低于第一(共)聚合物组分混合物的熔融温度和第二(共)聚合物组分的熔融温度的温度,以使离散的不连续多组分纤维固化,并且由此形成非织造纤维幅材。
在一些示例性实施方案中,离散的不连续多组分纤维表现出选自由以下各项组成的组的轴向横截面结构:第一(共)聚合物组分和第二(共)聚合物组分的多个交替层,第一(共)聚合物组分和第二(共)聚合物组分的多个交替饼状楔形物,以及其中第一(共)聚合物组分构成基本上全部外皮的芯/外皮结构。
在一些示例性实施方案,向至少一根长丝施加气体流以使至少一根长丝变细以形成多根离散的不连续多组分纤维使用选自以下的方法来实现:熔喷、气体射流原纤化以及它们的组合。在一些此类示例性实施方案中,该方法还包括以下中的至少一种:向多根离散的不连续多组分纤维中加入多根短纤维,或向多根离散的不连续多组分纤维中加入多个颗粒。
在另外的此类示例性实施方案中,该方法还包括将多根离散的不连续多组分纤维收集在收集器上作为非织造纤维幅材。在一些此类实施方案中,该方法还包括使用选自以下的方法来加工所收集的非织造纤维幅材:自生粘结、通风粘结、驻极体充电、压花、针刺、针缝或它们的组合。
可使用多种方法来生产离散的多组分纤维。用于生产离散多组分纤维的合适的方法和设备包括美国专利号5,698,322(Tsai等人)、7,008,207B2(Bansal等人)和8,926,877B2(Melik等人)中所述的那些。特别可用的设备和方法,更具体地讲,用于将多个熔融聚合物流进料到用于生产离散多组分熔喷纤维的模头孔口的进料块在美国专利号5,207,970(Joseph等人),5,258,220(Joseph等人),5,238,733(Joseph等人),和5,232,770(Joseph等人)中有所公开,这些专利中的每个专利全文以引用方式并入本文。
根据本公开的多组分纤维和非织造纤维幅材可以包括在个人卫生产品、伤口护理产品(例如,绷带)、过滤介质等中。
本公开的选择实施方案
在第一实施方案中,本公开提供了一种制备非织造纤维幅材的方法,该方法包括:
a)提供熔喷非织造纤维幅材,该熔喷非织造纤维幅材包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的粘结的一次纤维,其中一次纤维包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元;
b)开松熔喷非织造纤维幅材的至少一部分以提供松散的一次纤维;
c)将松散的一次纤维与二次纤维组合;以及
d)形成包含一次纤维和二次纤维的二次非织造纤维幅材。
在第二实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第一实施方案所述的方法,其中共聚物还包含二价乙酰氧基乙亚基单体单元。
在第三实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第一实施方案或第二实施方案所述的方法,其中二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元包括二价3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基单体单元。
在第四实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第一实施方案至第三实施方案中任一项所述的方法,其中二次纤维包括聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物纤维、聚氨酯纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维或天然纤维中的至少一者。
在第五实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第一实施方案至第四实施方案中任一项所述的方法,其中所述形成二次非织造纤维幅材包括对纤维共混物进行气流成网,该纤维共混物包含松散的一次纤维和二次纤维。
在第六实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第一实施方案至第五实施方案中任一项制备的二次非织造纤维幅材。
在第七实施方案中,本公开提供了一种非织造纤维幅材,该非织造纤维幅材包含至少一次纤维和二次纤维的共混物,其中一次纤维包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的一次纤维,并且其中一次纤维包含共聚物,该共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元。
在第八实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第七实施方案所述的非织造纤维幅材,其中二次纤维包括聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚氨酯纤维或天然纤维中的至少一者。
在第九实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第八实施方案所述的非织造纤维幅材,其中聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚-4-甲基戊烯。
在第十实施方案中,本公开提供了一种多组分纤维,该多组分纤维包含第一相和第二相,该第一相包含含有二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元的共聚物,该第二相包含不可生物降解的聚合物。
在第十一实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第十实施方案所述的多组分纤维,其中共聚物还包含二价乙酰氧基乙亚基单体单元。
在第十二实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第十实施方案或第十一实施方案所述的多组分纤维,其中二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元包括二价3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基单体单元。
在第十三实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第十实施方案至第十二实施方案中任一项所述的多组分纤维,其中不可生物降解的聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺或聚氨酯中的至少一者。
在第十四实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第十三实施方案所述的多组分纤维,其中聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚-4-甲基戊烯。
在第十五实施方案中,本公开提供了根据第十四实施方案所述的多组分纤维,其中聚烯烃包括聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
通过以下非限制性实施例,进一步示出了本公开的目的和优点,但在这些实施例中引用的具体材料及其量以及其它条件和细节不应视为对本公开的不当限制。
实施例
除非另有说明,否则实施例及本说明书其余部分中的所有份数、百分比、比等均以重量计。
实施例1
使用得自日本东京三菱化学公司(Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation,Tokyo,Japan)的Nichigo G-Polymer丁二醇乙烯醇共聚物(BVOH)球剂(以Nichigo G-Polymer OKS8112获得)制备熔喷(吹塑微纤维,BMF)非织造纤维幅材。采用与V.A.Wente,“超细热塑性纤维”,《工业工程化学》(“Superfine Thermoplastic Fibers”,Industrial EngineeringChemistry),第48卷,第1342页及以下等等,1956年中所述类似的常规熔喷方法。
更具体地,熔喷模头具有圆形平滑表面喷丝孔,间隔10至厘米,并且长度与直径比率为5:1。通过20mm双螺杆挤出机将熔融(共)聚合物递送至模头,该挤出机可从俄亥俄州尤宁敦的思得乐公司(STEER Co.,Union Town,Ohio)商购获得。该挤出机配备有两个重量损失给料器以控制(共)聚合物树脂向挤出机筒的进料,以及齿轮泵以控制(共)聚合物熔融流动到模头。挤出机温度为约210℃,并且其将熔融流递送至BMF模头,该BMF模头本身保持在210℃。调整齿轮泵,使得在模头处保持0.178kg/hr/cm模头(1.0lb/hr/英寸模头宽度)(共)聚合物吞吐率。邻近模头孔口的空气刀的一次空气温度保持在大约325℃。这在与模头间隔18cm的旋转收集器上产生幅材,收集器的速度为5ft/min(1.5m/min)。幅材具有大约100g/m2的基重,并且由在5微米至25微米范围内的纤维直径构成。
实施例2
如实施例1中所述制备BMF幅材,不同的是收集器速度的速度降至2.5ft/min(0.076m/min)。所得幅材具有200g/m2的标称基重。
实施例3
将得自实施例1的BVOH熔喷纤维进料到得自德国亚琛的赫格特公司(Hergeth,Aachen,Germany)的纤维开松机和“脱辊卡(Roller-Doffed Card)”梳理机中,从而形成未固结的垫。然后将开松的BVOH纤维与开松的人造丝纤维以20:80重量比共混。人造丝纤维具有1.7分特(dtex,10微米-18微米)的纤维直径和39mm的长度,并且以Lenzing Viscose人造丝纤维得自奥地利兰精的兰精集团(Lenzing Group,Lenzing,Austria)。
使用常规气流成网幅材形成机器(按商品名“RANDO WEBBER”得自纽约州马其顿的兰多机器公司(Rando Machine Company,Macedon,New York))将共混纤维形成为幅材,其具有200克/平方米(gsm)的标称基重。然后将幅材针缝,得到厚度为4.2mm的纤维幅材。
实施例4
如实施例3中所述制备非织造幅材,不同的是将熔融纤维添加到组合物中。所得幅材为75重量份(pbw)人造丝、20pbw的BVOH纤维和5pbw熔融纤维的共混物。熔融纤维具有4旦尼尔(4.4分特,15微米-26微米)的纤维直径和2英寸(5cm)的长度,并且基于聚酯(Tairilin聚酯纤维类型LML41,中国台湾省高雄市的南亚塑料公司(NanYa Plastics Corp.,Kaohsiung City,Taiwan,China))。
这些幅材在针缝步骤之后经受热处理以进一步增加机械性质。将幅材置于多孔带上并送过300℉(148℃)的加热设备,其中热空气从顶部到底部被抽吸穿过所收集的纤维的厚度。所得纤维幅材具有200克/平方米(gsm)的标称基重。所得幅材的厚度为3.9mm。
实施例5
使用与V.A.Wente,“超细热塑性纤维”,《工业工程化学》,第48卷,第1342页及以下等等,1956年中所述类似的熔喷方法来制备多组分BMF幅材。将熔融(共)聚合物进料到熔喷模头的挤出机为可从思得乐公司商购获得的STEER 20mm双螺杆挤出机,其配备有两个重量损失给料器以控制(共)聚合物树脂向挤出机筒的进料,以及熔体泵以控制(共)聚合物熔融流动到熔喷模头。模头具有直径比为5:1的多个圆形平滑表面的孔口(10个孔口/cm),如例如美国专利号5,232,770(Joseph等人)中大致所述。
以下讨论的所有幅材示例均使用配备有多层进料块的设备制备,该多层进料块被构造为获得多组分纤维,当在轴向横截面中观察纤维时,该多组分纤维表现出由两层(并排)组成的轴向横截面结构。用具有2个并排层的每根纤维制备第一BMF幅材。一层纤维由BVOH制成,并且第二层使用来自密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company,Midland,Michigan)的Dow DNDB 1077线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)制成。将两个挤出机保持在210℃的相同温度下,以将熔融流递送至BMF模头(保持在210℃下)。调整齿轮泵以获得50/50比率的BVOH/LLDPE,其中总聚合物吞吐率为0.178kg/hr/cm模头宽度(1.0lb/hr/英寸模头宽度),该模头宽度保持在BMF模头处。一次空气温度保持在大约325℃。在7英寸(18cm)的BMF模头到收集器距离和5ft/min(1.5m/min)的收集速率下收集所得幅材。所得熔喷纤维幅材具有195g/m2的标称基重。所得纤维具有在5微米至30微米范围内的纤维直径。
实施例6
如实施例5所述制备多组分BMF纤维幅材,不同之处在于:第一层:75%BVOH;第二层:25%LLDPE。在7英寸(18cm)的模头到收集器距离和5ft/min(1.5m/min)的收集速率下收集所得幅材。所得熔喷纤维幅材具有203g/m2的标称基重。所得纤维具有在5微米至30微米范围内的纤维直径。
实施例7
如实施例5中所述制备多组分BMF纤维幅材,不同的是以下变化:
第一层:25%BVOH;第二层:75%LLDPE。在7英寸(18cm)的模头到收集器距离和5ft/min(1.5m/min)的收集速率下收集所得幅材。所得熔喷纤维幅材具有大约215g/m2的标称基重。所得纤维具有在5微米至30微米范围内的纤维直径。
本申请中以引用方式并入的所有引用的参考文献、专利和专利申请以一致的方式并入。在并入的参考文献部分与本申请之间存在不一致或矛盾的情况下,应以本申请中的信息为准。为了使本领域的普通技术人员能够实践受权利要求书保护的本公开而给出的前述说明不应理解为是对本公开范围的限制,本公开的范围由权利要求书及其所有等同形式限定。
Claims (15)
1.一种制备非织造纤维幅材的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供熔喷非织造纤维幅材,所述熔喷非织造纤维幅材包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的粘结的一次纤维,其中所述一次纤维包含共聚物,所述共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元;
b)开松所述熔喷非织造纤维幅材的至少一部分以提供松散的一次纤维;
c)将所述松散的一次纤维与二次纤维组合;以及
d)形成包含所述一次纤维和所述二次纤维的二次非织造纤维幅材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述共聚物还包含二价乙酰氧基乙亚基单体单元。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元包括二价3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基单体单元。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述二次纤维包括聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物纤维、聚氨酯纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维或天然纤维中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述形成所述二次非织造纤维幅材包括对纤维共混物进行气流成网,所述纤维共混物包含所述松散的一次纤维和所述二次纤维。
6.一种通过根据权利要求1所述的方法制备的二次非织造纤维幅材。
7.一种非织造纤维幅材,所述非织造纤维幅材包含至少一次纤维和二次纤维的共混物,其中所述一次纤维包含平均纤维直径为2微米至100微米的一次纤维,并且其中所述一次纤维包含共聚物,所述共聚物包含二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元。
8.根据权利要求7所述的非织造纤维幅材,其中所述二次纤维包括聚烯烃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚氨酯纤维或天然纤维中的至少一者。
9.根据权利要求8所述的非织造纤维幅材,其中所述聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚-4-甲基戊烯。
10.一种多组分纤维,所述多组分纤维包含第一相和第二相,所述第一相包含含有二价羟基乙亚基单体单元和二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元的共聚物,所述第二相包含不可生物降解的聚合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的多组分纤维,其中所述共聚物还包含二价乙酰氧基乙亚基单体单元。
12.根据权利要求10所述的多组分纤维,其中所述二价二羟基丁亚基单体单元包括二价3,4-二羟基丁-1,2-二基单体单元。
13.根据权利要求10所述的多组分纤维,其中所述不可生物降解的聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺或聚氨酯中的至少一者。
14.根据权利要求13所述的多组分纤维,其中所述聚烯烃选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和聚-4-甲基戊烯。
15.根据权利要求14所述的多组分纤维,其中所述聚烯烃包括聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
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US12000071B2 (en) | 2024-06-04 |
US20220228306A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
JP2022538254A (ja) | 2022-09-01 |
WO2020261035A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
EP3990686A1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
EP3990686B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
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