CN103990798A - High-temperature powder bed system for laser additive manufacture - Google Patents
High-temperature powder bed system for laser additive manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990798A CN103990798A CN201410188157.1A CN201410188157A CN103990798A CN 103990798 A CN103990798 A CN 103990798A CN 201410188157 A CN201410188157 A CN 201410188157A CN 103990798 A CN103990798 A CN 103990798A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature powder bed system for laser additive manufacture. The system comprises a working cavity, a laser device, a workbench, an electromagnetic heating layer, a heat insulation component and a laminar flow temperature uniforming component, the workbench is arranged in the working cavity, the electromagnetic heating layer is mainly composed of an electromagnetic induction plate and a coil, the electromagnetic heating layer is placed on the lower surface of the workbench and is attached to the workbench, and heat can be directly conducted to the workbench. A cooling flow way is arranged in the workbench, the bottom face and the side face of the electromagnetic heating layer are surrounded by the heat insulation component, and heat insulation and heat preservation of the electromagnetic heating layer can be achieved. The laminar flow temperature uniforming component is arranged outside the working cavity and used for achieving air flow circulation in the working cavity, and even temperature distribution of the workbench can be achieved. According to the part size, the work table board can be heated to be at the high temperature, heat preservation is performed, and temperature uniformization and the cooling functions after machining can be achieved. The aims of protecting the systems, and improving energy utilization rate and heating efficiency can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and increase material manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of substrate conduction partition heating and insulation that realizes high temperature powder bed, temperature is cooling, the system that circulating current uniform temperature fields distributes.
Technical background
Increase material manufacture (Additive Manufacture, AM) be a kind of widely used RP technique, first by CAD 3D modeling software, designed the Computerized three-dimensional physical model of required part, then by technological requirement, it is resolved into a series of two-dimensional sections by certain thickness, original 3 D stereo information is become to two dimensional surface information, then successively scanning, successively stack, has finally formed needed prototype or part.
In increasing the process of material manufacturing technology form metal and ceramic part, fusing or partial melting due to powder experience thermal source, produce larger thermograde, table temperature skewness, can make inside parts produce thermal stress, cause part to crack or buckling deformation occurs, having had a strong impact on the quality of part; And for the higher metal of fusing point and ceramic material, heating system table temperature is lower, and material forming difficulty even can not be shaped.Reduce the thermograde of shaped region, guarantee that table temperature is uniformly distributed and increases work top heating-up temperature is to improve several key factors of part quality.Look into related data, a kind of heater that increases material manufacturing equipment of Hu'nan Meina Science & Technology Co., Ltd.'s invention, (publication number is: CN102335741A) to adopt multi-portion heating method.Work top is divided into a plurality of regions, one group of quartz heating-pipe and reflector are installed in each region, this kind of mode of heating can improve table temperature distributing homogeneity, working region heating-up temperature relatively low (hundreds of degree Celsius), applicable nonmetal, not being suitable for is shaped needs high-temperature metal and ceramic material.A kind of laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace (publication number is CN102322738A) has been invented by Northwestern Polytechnical University.Heating plate is positioned at body of heater, and is placed between sample backing plate and Elema heater.Thermocouple inserts in heating plate.Stove can reach very high-temperature (1600 degree), fusing high-melting-point ceramic material.But overall work space, in body of heater, does not have cooling device after heating, thereby element of installation has reduced its life-span under high temperature.In above two inventions, for what increase the powder bed preheating method use of material manufacture field, be the heating of traditional resistor silk, the principle of Resistant heating is to utilize electric current to produce heat by resistance wire, this heat is delivered on the object that needs heating in the mode of heat transmission, in the process of transmitting in this heat, lost a part of thermal energy, have again the thermal energy of an other part to be dispersed in air, the utilization rate of this mode thermal energy is very low simultaneously.Electromagnetic Heating can be to a certain degree raising energy utilization efficiency, the electromagnetic oven of normal domestic use is because the reason of selection and power control system causes iron core heating power relatively little (in 2200 watts), heating-up temperature is the highest can only reach 300 degree left and right, does not meet and increases material manufacture field high-temperature preheat requirements.Thereby how to increase preheat temperature, reducing the thermograde of shaped region and improve energy utilization efficiency, and solving preheat temperature skewness and the cooling problem of heater, is to increase the important problem that material manufacturing technology faces for a long time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high temperature powder bed system of manufacturing for laser gain material, and this system can be heated to high temperature quickly and efficiently by work top, and is incubated, the refrigerating function of simultaneously also holding concurrently after equalizing temperature and completion of processing.
A kind of high temperature powder bed system of manufacturing for laser gain material provided by the invention, is characterized in that, this system comprises the even temperature assembly of working chamber, workbench, Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly and laminar flow;
Workbench is arranged in working chamber; Electromagnetic Heating layer is mainly comprised of an electromagnetic induction plate and the solenoid being centered around outside electromagnetic induction plate; Described solenoid is connected with the Electromagnetic Heating power supply with temperature controlling function, and Electromagnetic Heating power supply can change output voltage frequency to regulate Electromagnetic Heating temperature;
Electromagnetic induction plate is placed on workbench lower surface and fits together with it, makes heat can be directly transferred on workbench; In this workbench, be also provided with coolant flow channel;
Described insulating assembly is enclosed in Electromagnetic Heating layer bottom surface and side, to realize the heat insulation of Electromagnetic Heating plate and insulation;
The even temperature arrangement of components of described laminar flow is outside at working chamber, for realizing airflow circulating in working chamber, makes workbench realize uniformity of temperature profile.
With respect to increasing material, manufacture the traditional resistor silk heating that field powder bed preheating is used, the thermal energy utilization rate of Resistant heating is too low, not only wastes energy, but also reduces the output in the unit interval, also has the shortcomings such as fragile even electric leakage simultaneously.The present invention adopts Electromagnetic Heating, Electromagnetic Heating by the alternating current of 50HZ through rectification, filtering, the magnetic fields that inversion is different frequency in heating of metal, thereby make to produce in heating of metal eddy current, calandria self fast heating.Because solenoid itself does not generate heat, so there is no excess loss.The magnetic line of force of solenoid is evenly distributed in heating of metal, and magnetic fields makes the inner eddy current field that produces in the body surface of needs heating, makes to produce heat by heating object self.In order to guarantee the preservation of heat in heating process, adopt heat insulation structural to go to prevent that the too fast of heat scatters and disappears, insulating assembly can be installed respectively heat insulation structural with side below electromagnetic induction plate.Heat accumulation is inner in calandria, and solenoid surface temperature is a little more than room temperature, can safe touch, and safe and reliable.The processing of whole heat insulation structural is simple, be convenient to installing/dismounting, cost is low, clean.Heat can be dispersed in air hardly, and capacity usage ratio is very high, under equal conditions, and than Resistant heating economize on electricity 30-70%; Shorten more than 60% average preheating time than Resistant heating mode.
System is provided with the even temperature assembly of laminar flow, and low speed is steadily filled with gas, the steady gas bleeding of low speed, and whole system forms airflow circulating, drives atmosphere to flow, and table temperature is evenly distributed.Coolant flow channel in completion of processing aftertable can well be taken away heat.This structural design of system can make the temperature of work top obtain effectively adjusting and controlling, and moulding material is heated evenly, and has guaranteed the excellent quality of formation of parts, and can produce the part of shape and structure complexity within a short period of time.
Electromagnetic Heating layer after hours; the temperature of inside cavity is higher; be unfavorable for the part that manual operation dismounting processes and continue the next new parts of processing; simultaneously higher cavity temperature is unfavorable for relevant elements in protection equipment all the time; so designed coolant flow channel, its core be after the machining through certain built-in cooling pipe in work top.Because heat insulation structure recited above makes the heat major part of heating plate, be all directly to pass to above work top, and due to after completion of processing, work top has all covered very thick powder bed, this just makes heat more be difficult to distribute from work top.If so can take away work top and the heat of atmosphere above, just solved the cooling problem of system.This water channel is directly designed in work top, after completion of processing, can be directly by the heat on work top from bottom along with cooling water is taken out of, whole cooling structure can be furnished with water ga(u)ge, for controlling the speed of current, can be very fast table temperature is reduced.
In a word, Electromagnetic Heating layer is as providing the thermal source that increases the basal plate preheating in material manufacture process, and heat transfer loss is little, and maximum temperature can make work top can reach 1800 degree, can be for some for the higher metal of preheat temperature and part pottery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of system of the present invention.
The structural representation of the insulating assembly that Fig. 2 provides for example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of specific embodiment of Electromagnetic Heating layer.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation (equipment top view) of the even temperature assembly of the laminar flow of example of the present invention.
In figure, 1-laser instrument, 2-laser beam, 3-workbench, 4-supporting layer, heat-insulation layer in the middle of 5-, 6-thermal insulation layer, 7-lower roof plate, 8-ball-screw, 9-electromagnetic induction plate, 10-working chamber, 11-gas flowmeter, 12-inert gas source, 13-air inlet pipeline, 14-return, 15-pump, 16-water route connector, 17-inner flow passage, 18-water ga(u)ge, 19-water pump, 20-water route adapter, 21-solenoid 22-exhaust pipe, 23-Electromagnetic Heating power supply.
the specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.At this, it should be noted that, for the explanation of these embodiments, be used for helping to understand the present invention, but do not form limitation of the invention.In addition,, in each embodiment of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can not combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
As shown in Figure 1, system of the present invention comprises working chamber 10, laser instrument 1, workbench 3, Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly, the even temperature assembly of laminar flow and coolant flow channel.
Workbench 3 can adopt lift, is arranged in working chamber 10, specifically can be connected with ball-screw 8 by its lower roof plate 7, plays the lifting of controlling whole workbench 3.Electromagnetic Heating layer is main thermal source, is placed on workbench 3 lower surfaces and it tightly fits together.Heat can be directly transferred on workbench 3 like this.
Electromagnetic Heating layer is mainly comprised of an electromagnetic induction plate 9 and solenoid 21.
In practical work process, working chamber 10 need to be heated to very high temperature, in order to protect increasing material manufacturing equipment not destroyed by high temperature, need in working chamber 10, carry out heat insulation and insulation processing, specifically by described insulating assembly, is completed, as shown in Figure 2.Insulating assembly surrounds electromagnetic induction plate 9 with bottom surface from the side, and insulating assembly mainly comprises three layers, is followed successively by from the inside to the outside thermal insulation layer 6, middle heat-insulation layer 5 and supporting layer 4.
What thermal insulation layer 6 materials were used is silicate aluminum board.Plain edition silicate aluminum board, is to take flint clay as primary raw material, has good thermal shock resistance and heat endurance, and the high also good machinability of tool excellent toughness of material compressive resistance, can well preserve the temperature that adds heat radiation tube generation.
Middle heat-insulation layer 5 material mineral wools, blanket of glass wool is the felt-like material of heating cure moulding.Its volume to weight ratio sheet material is light, has good resilience, low price, easy construction.Blanket of glass wool is to lay for adapting to large area the coiled material that needs are made, except having kept, the feature of insulation, also thering are very excellent damping, sound absorption characteristics, especially medium and low frequency and various vibrations noise are all had to good assimilation effect, be conducive to reduce noise pollution, improve working environment.The blanket of glass wool that has aluminium foil veneer, also has stronger thermal radiation resistance ability, is high-temperature workshop, control room, machine room inwall, compartment and the fabulous inner lining material of flat-top.With respect to asbestos, mineral wool also has the advantages such as nontoxic.The effect of middle heat-insulation layer is incubated heating system with exactlying, and mineral wool quality is soft, fiber is fine, Diazolidinyl Urea not in construction, the effect that can well reach processing and be incubated.
Outermost layer is supporting layer 4, and this layer material preferably adopts aluminium sheet pressing plate.Because aluminium sheet conductive magnetic properties is poor in the time of Electromagnetic Heating, so can not produce a lot of heats (although control by power supply under additional magnetic fields, magnetic field line is the electromagnetic induction plate that gathers, but outside is with being difficult for magnetic conduction and the material of can playing a supporting role seems more rationally and careful).Because middle heat-insulation layer mineral wool is partially soft material, need innermost layer and outermost layer mutually to push fixing.Certainly these three layers can also be with other heat-barrier material, in implementation process, three ply board material is all for convenience detach, can meet the cabling of electromagnetic induction intralamellar part.Like this insulating assembly can prevent heat toward side and below conduction, reached the object of one-way heat conduction.The above material is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not limited only to this different materials.
The periphery of electromagnetic induction plate 9 and insulating assembly is wound with solenoid 21, and solenoid 21 also can be directly on electromagnetic induction plate 9, and its outer recycling insulating assembly surrounds.Solenoid 21 connects Electromagnetic Heating power supply 23, power supply converts alternating voltage to DC voltage, process controller is reverse into high-frequency ac voltage by DC voltage again, and the magnetic field of the magnetic field that the electric current changing at a high speed changes at a high speed by coil 21 meeting generations in the magnetic line of force is passed through 9 meetings of electromagnetic induction plate and produced numerous little eddy current.In heating power supply 23, there is temperature control module, can by changing output voltage frequency, regulate Electromagnetic Heating temperature according to user's request.Electromagnetic induction plate 9 can be selected most metal materials of conventional conductive magneto-conductive, and temperature can guarantee in 700 degree left and right, need to be heated to 1800 degree left and right and also can adopt the better nonmetallic materials graphite of electric conductivity and thermal conductivity.
The even temperature assembly of described laminar flow is arranged on working chamber 10 outsides, for realizing airflow circulating, makes workbench 3 realize uniformity of temperature profile.In this example, the even temperature assembly of laminar flow comprises air inlet pipeline 13, exhaust pipe 22, inert gas source 12 and pump 15.As shown in Figure 3, air inlet pipeline 13 and exhaust pipe 24 are the pipeline of " dendroid " structure, wherein, total input of air inlet pipeline 13 is connected with inert gas source 12, the output of air inlet pipeline 13 is provided with a plurality of delivery outlets, be arranged in working chamber 10 1 sides, and make inert gas evenly introduce the upper surface of workbench 3.The input of exhaust pipe 22 is also provided with a plurality of input ports, and is arranged in the opposite side of working chamber 10, and the wall on equipment both sides is offered docking port and is connected with a plurality of inputs of air inlet pipeline and a plurality of outputs of exhaust pipe.Total output of exhaust pipe 22 is connected with pump 15, and pump 15 is connected with inert gas source 12 by return 14, realizes closed cycle.Can installing gas flowmeter 11 on return.
In air inlet pipeline 13, input the inert gas under normal temperature, gas, along air inlet pipeline 13 circulations, after the segment distance of advancing, is evenly divided into two strands of air-flows and advances in air inlet pipe, is finally evenly divided into four strands of air-flows and is steadily incorporated into slowly the upper surface of workbench 3; Afterwards, gas at normal temperature is heated to the hot gas that approaches working chamber temperature, therefore, when gas is incorporated into workbench 3 upper surface, can not cause larger variations in temperature.Opposite side exhaust pipe 22 at workbench 3 is also the formal distribution with " dendroid ".The gas of workbench 3 is divided into four strands of air-flows and is slowly drawn into stably in 24 4 input ports of exhaust pipe, gas is advanced after a segment distance in exhaust pipe 22, by four strands of air-flows, accumulate two strands of air-flows, two strands of air-flows continue to advance in circulating line according to identical direction, finally collect and by pump 15, extracted out for one air-flow, pump 15 is connected with total output of exhaust pipe 22, and the inert gas of extraction turns back in air inlet pipeline 13 by return 14 closed cycles.
Certainly, the concrete structure of air inlet pipeline 13, exhaust pipe 22 is not limited to the 1-2-4 branched structure in Fig. 3, and 1-3-6 or other structures that can realize workbench 3 uniformity of temperature profile all can be used.
The even temperature structure of this laminar flow can make whole system form airflow circulating, drives worktable upper surface gas flow, makes workbench 3 uniformity of temperature profile, guarantees the good forming quality of processing parts; Can also reduce the consumption that reduces inert gas, save cost simultaneously; Avoid hot discharge gas in atmosphere, the loss of the energy effectively reducing, has improved the utilization rate of the energy.
In workbench 3, be provided with coolant flow channel, this coolant flow channel is formed by connecting by inner flow passage 17, water route connector 16, these coolant flow channel two ends are all connected with water route adapter 20, one of them water route adapter 20 is as water inlet, be connected with water pump 12 with water ga(u)ge 11, another water route adapter 20 is as delivery port.As shown in Figure 4, inner flow passage 17 is at several of the sides of " work " font workbench 3 line flowing channel that directly drills through hole, at every runner both ends, has attacked threaded line.Can, with different line flowing channel in some water route connector 16 connecting plates, finally form a continuous runner like this.Then water route adapter 20 is connecting two direct runner mouths of end, simultaneously in the 3 bottom surfaces punchings of " work " font workbench, can guarantee that like this water route adapter 20 can and can not interfere with other places of equipment through this hole.Above-mentioned water route adapter 20 and water route connector 16 have corresponding fluid sealant to seal, and have guaranteed the safety of system and have stablized.Two water route adapters of drawing are the water pipe of access device bottom again, and one is water inlet, and another is delivery port.On the external pipeline of water inlet, there are water ga(u)ge 18 and water pump 19, can remain that water at low temperature is through whole pipe-line system.
When reality is used, it is inner or outside that laser instrument 1 can be arranged on working chamber 10, and the powder on 2 pairs of workbench 3 table tops of laser beam carries out work.After laser gain material manufacture, close laser instrument 1, open water pump 12 switches, connect external refrigeration water, whole start-up of cooling system, cooling water is pumped into by water pump 12 in the runner of workbench 3 inside, and the heat that can very soon workbench 3 be assembled is taken away, and the water of finally taking away heat flows out by outlet and collects.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the disclosed content of this embodiment and accompanying drawing.So every, do not depart from the equivalence completing under spirit disclosed in this invention or revise, all falling into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a high temperature powder bed system of manufacturing for laser gain material, is characterized in that, this system comprises working chamber (10), workbench (3), Electromagnetic Heating layer, insulating assembly and the even temperature assembly of laminar flow;
Workbench (3) is arranged in working chamber (10); Electromagnetic Heating layer is mainly by an electromagnetic induction plate (9) be centered around the outer solenoid of electromagnetic induction plate (9) and form; Described solenoid (21) is connected with the Electromagnetic Heating power supply (23) with temperature controlling function, and Electromagnetic Heating power supply (23) can change output voltage frequency to regulate Electromagnetic Heating temperature;
Electromagnetic induction plate (9) is placed on workbench (3) lower surface and fits together with it, and heat can be directly transferred on workbench (3); This workbench is also provided with coolant flow channel in (3);
Described insulating assembly is enclosed in Electromagnetic Heating layer bottom surface and side, to realize the heat insulation of Electromagnetic Heating plate (9) and insulation;
The even temperature arrangement of components of described laminar flow, in working chamber (10) outside, for realizing the interior airflow circulating of working chamber (10), makes workbench (3) realize uniformity of temperature profile.
2. high temperature powder bed system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described insulating assembly comprises three layers, is followed successively by from the inside to the outside thermal insulation layer (6), middle heat-insulation layer (5) and supporting layer (4).
3. high temperature powder bed system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described thermal insulation layer (6) is silicate aluminum board; Middle heat-insulation layer (5) material mineral wool, supporting layer (4) is aluminium sheet.
4. according to the high temperature powder bed system described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the even temperature assembly of described laminar flow comprises air inlet pipeline (13), exhaust pipe (22), inert gas source (12) and pump (15), air inlet pipeline (13) and exhaust pipe (24) are the pipeline of " dendroid " structure, wherein, total input of air inlet pipeline (13) is connected with inert gas source (12), the output of air inlet pipeline (13) is provided with a plurality of delivery outlets, be arranged in a side of workbench (3), and make inert gas evenly introduce the upper surface of workbench (3); The input of exhaust pipe (22) is also provided with a plurality of input ports, and is arranged in the opposite side of workbench (3), and the wall on equipment both sides is offered docking port and is connected with a plurality of inputs of air inlet pipeline and a plurality of outputs of exhaust pipe; Total output of exhaust pipe (22) is connected with pump (15), and pump (15) is connected with inert gas source (12) by return (14), realizes closed cycle.
5. according to the high temperature powder bed system described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described coolant flow channel is formed by connecting by inner flow passage (17), water route connector (16), these coolant flow channel two ends are all connected with water route adapter (20), one of them water route adapter (20) is as water inlet, be connected with water pump (12) with water ga(u)ge (11), another water route adapter (20) is as delivery port.
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