CN103982189B - Primary support structure of underground engineering and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Primary support structure of underground engineering and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103982189B CN103982189B CN201410168487.4A CN201410168487A CN103982189B CN 103982189 B CN103982189 B CN 103982189B CN 201410168487 A CN201410168487 A CN 201410168487A CN 103982189 B CN103982189 B CN 103982189B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012407 engineering method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a primary support structure of an underground engineering and a construction method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, digging a pre-guide hole in the corner of each of the two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, wherein the top of each pre-guide hole is higher than the top of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; in one pre-guide hole, striking a plurality of steel pipes transversely penetrating through the upper soil body of the top of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built into the other pre-guide hole along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built to form a transverse pipe shed; after supporting and fixing the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed, forming the primary support structure of the underground engineering. By the construction method, the construction progress of the primary support structure of the underground engineering can be quickened, and then the construction period of the underground engineering is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground engineering, in particular to a primary supporting structure of underground engineering and a construction method thereof.
Background
At present, in urban central areas with dense buildings and heavy traffic, a large number of stratum pipe networks and ground buildings must be removed in underground engineering construction by adopting an open cut method, and along with the increasing call of people for environmental protection and the increasing attention of governments on environmental protection, the open cut method which affects traffic and is not beneficial to environmental protection is not applicable. And during construction, the underground excavation method does not carry out whole excavation on the ground above the underground engineering, has small influence on the surrounding environment, and is particularly suitable for the construction of the underground engineering in urban areas.
The pipe-shed method is widely used in japan, the united states of america, and europe as an important excavation method. For example, the underground engineering passing through the lower part of the building structures such as roads, railways, airports and the like is carried out by applying a pipe shed method in Japan, America, Singapore and other countries, and the like, and good effects are achieved. Meanwhile, the pipe shed method is used for the construction of underground engineering of large cities in China for over 20 years, and certain construction experience is also accumulated.
When the existing pipe shed method is used for building underground engineering, a pipe shed is usually arranged along the longitudinal direction of an underground engineering main body space (or a small angle exists between the pipe shed and the longitudinal direction), namely the arranging direction of the pipe shed is consistent with the extending direction of the underground engineering main body space. For example, fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a laying direction of a conventional pipe shed. However, such a pipe shed structure (referred to as a longitudinal pipe shed for short) erected in the longitudinal direction is often used only as a pilot aid for preliminary bracing of an underground construction or only as a leading preliminary bracing structure of an underground construction, and mainly plays a role in preventing surrounding rock from collapsing before the preliminary bracing of the underground construction is formed. Therefore, in the prior art, on the basis of constructing the longitudinal pipe shed, a primary supporting structure which is formed by erecting a grid in the longitudinal pipe shed and spraying concrete is still needed to solve the early stress problem of underground engineering construction. However, the primary support structure for constructing the longitudinal pipe roof, erecting the grid, and spraying the concrete has many construction processes, which results in a slow construction progress and a long construction period of the underground engineering.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a construction method of an initial support structure of an underground construction which can shorten a construction period, and is particularly suitable for safe and efficient construction of a large-section shallow underground construction such as a soft soil layer and a weak uneven layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a primary supporting structure of underground engineering and a construction method thereof, which are used for shortening the construction period.
The invention provides a construction method of a primary supporting structure of underground engineering, which comprises the following steps:
respectively excavating pre-pilot holes at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; the top of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
in one pre-pilot tunnel, along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil body above the top of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built are punched in the other pre-pilot tunnel to form a transverse pipe shed;
and after the two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed are supported and fixed, a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering is formed.
The distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed is determined according to the properties of soil bodies above the steel pipes:
calculating the maximum value l of the distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed according to the following formula 1max:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; d is the diameter of the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe;
selecting l which satisfies the condition that D is less than or equal to lmaxThe determined distance l is used as the distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed.
Preferably, the support of the both ends of the steel pipe in the horizontal pipe shed is fixed, specifically includes:
constructing a top plate of the main body structure of the underground engineering to be constructed, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole;
and backfilling reinforced concrete from the cross section to the space between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed and the top of the pre-pilot tunnel, so that two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed are wrapped in the reinforced concrete, and the two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed are supported and fixed.
Preferably, the bottom of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the bottom of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; and
before the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, is constructed, the method further comprises the following steps:
for each pre-pilot hole, constructing a reinforced concrete beam along the longitudinal direction at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole, and driving at least one locking anchor rod to the outer side of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built;
a gate type steel support is erected in each pre-pilot hole; and
the top plate of the underground engineering main body structure to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, is implemented by the following steps:
and constructing a top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, above the erected portal type steel supports, so that the erected portal type steel supports support the top plate above the portal type steel supports.
The invention also provides a construction method of the underground engineering, which comprises the following steps:
applying the construction method of the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering to be built;
excavating a soil body in the main space of the underground engineering to be built along the transverse direction of the main space of the underground engineering to be built from the side wall of the pre-pilot tunnel, excavating a stand column hole perpendicular to the ground at the position of a preset stand column towards the lower part of the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, constructing a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the excavated part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, and constructing a steel pipe column between the top plate and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built in the stand column hole so that the steel pipe column supports the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built;
and after excavating the residual soil in the main space of the underground engineering to be built, constructing a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the residual part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, and completing the construction of the underground engineering.
The invention also provides a preliminary bracing structure of underground engineering, comprising:
the two pre-pilot tunnels are respectively positioned at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built and are excavated along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; the top of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
the transverse pipe shed consists of a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil body above the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built; for one steel pipe, the steel pipe is drilled into the other pre-pilot hole from one pre-pilot hole along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be constructed;
and the pipe shed supports are positioned at two ends of the steel pipe of the transverse pipe shed.
Wherein, distance l between the adjacent steel pipe in the horizontal pipe shed satisfies the condition: l is not less than D and not more than lmax;
Wherein D is the diameter of the steel pipe; lmaxIs the maximum value of the distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed, and lmaxIs calculated according to the following equation 1:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe.
Preferably, the pipe shed support specifically includes:
the reinforced concrete structure is backfilled in a space between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built and the top of the pre-pilot hole; the reinforced concrete structure wraps the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed so as to support and fix the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed.
Preferably, the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering further includes:
the reinforced concrete beam is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole along the longitudinal direction; the bottom of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the bottom of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built;
the locking foot anchor rod is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole and extends to the outer side of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
and the door type steel support is arranged in the pre-pilot hole and positioned below the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built so as to support the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built above the door type steel support.
The invention also provides a construction structure of underground engineering, comprising:
the primary support structure of the underground engineering;
the steel pipe column is arranged between a top plate and a bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built so as to support the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built; the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
In the technical scheme of the invention, pre-pilot holes are respectively excavated at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering; a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through soil above the main space of the underground engineering are arranged from one pre-pilot hole to the other pre-pilot hole to form a transverse pipe shed; and then, supporting and fixing two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed to prevent the transverse pipe shed from moving in the direction vertical to the ground, thereby forming a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering. According to the construction method of the primary support structure, on the basis of the two pre-pilot holes, the transverse pipe sheds which are supported and fixed are used as the primary support structure of the underground engineering, so that the strength of steel pipes in the transverse pipe sheds and the self-stability capability of soil bodies are fully utilized, and compared with the prior art, the construction method of the primary support structure can obviously reduce the construction procedures of the primary support structure of the underground engineering, quickens the construction progress and shortens the construction period of the underground engineering; and in the process of forming the primary supporting structure, no grating needs to be erected and concrete needs to be sprayed, so that the building materials can be saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pipe shed in the prior art;
fig. 2a is a schematic view illustrating a construction method of a preliminary bracing structure of an underground works according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a construction method of an underground works according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3a and 3b are schematic views of excavation positions of the pre-pilot tunnel according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a preliminary supporting structure of an underground works according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steel pipe column according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a top plate implementing a mid-span and mid-span of the upper layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a spacer for forming an upper layer and a middle plate between the upper layer and a lower layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of side walls and a bottom plate of a lower layer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples of preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
In the technical scheme of the invention, pre-pilot holes are respectively excavated at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering; drilling a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through soil above the underground engineering main body space from one of the pre-pilot holes to the other pre-pilot hole, wherein the plurality of steel pipes form a transverse pipe shed; and then, supporting and fixing two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed to prevent the transverse pipe shed from moving in the direction vertical to the ground, thereby forming a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering. In the prior art, a primary supporting structure of an underground project is formed by adopting a mode of arranging a longitudinal pipe shed, erecting a grid and spraying concrete. On the basis of the two pre-pilot holes, the supporting and fixing transverse pipe shed is used as a primary supporting structure of underground engineering, so that the strength of steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed and the self-stability capability of soil bodies are fully utilized; compared with the prior art, the construction process of the primary support structure of the underground engineering can be obviously reduced, the construction progress is accelerated, and the construction period of the underground engineering is shortened; in addition, the invention does not need to erect grids and spray concrete in the process of forming the primary support structure, thereby saving building materials.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings. The construction method of the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2a, specifically comprises the following steps:
s201: and excavating pre-pilot tunnels 310 along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built at the corners of the two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built respectively.
Specifically, the engineer usually excavates a vertical shaft and a transverse passage for the underground engineering to be built, and enters the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built through the vertical shaft and the transverse passage to perform construction, that is, the construction of the underground engineering to be built is performed from the side wall of the transverse passage. The shape of the cross section of the underground construction to be built can be various, such as a rectangular cross section shown in fig. 3a, an arched cross section shown in fig. 3b, and the like.
In this step, pre-pilot holes 310 are excavated along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built at the corners of the two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, respectively. The tops of the two excavated pre-pilot holes 310 are higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built; this provides a basis for setting up a transverse shed in step S202 described below. Preferably, the bottom of the excavated pre-pilot tunnel 310 is lower than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built and higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built. In other words, the space in the excavated pre-pilot tunnel 310 has an overlapping portion with the main space of the underground works to be built.
Moreover, for the pre-pilot tunnel 310, the existing construction methods of a leading pipe shed and a leading small pipe can be adopted for excavation; that is, in the process of excavating the pre-pilot tunnel 310, a leading pipe shed and a leading small pipe around the pre-pilot tunnel 310 are arranged at the front end of the tunnel face of the pre-pilot tunnel 310 along the longitudinal direction of the pre-pilot tunnel 310, and the pre-pilot tunnel 310 is excavated and supported. The function of the forepoling and the forepoling small conduit is to prevent the surrounding rock at the upper part of the pre-pilot tunnel 310 from collapsing during the excavation and support of the tunnel face during the tunneling construction of the pre-pilot tunnel 310.
Wherein, the side wall of the pre-pilot hole 310 can be sprayed with concrete for supporting and reinforcing; the size of the cross section of the pre-pilot tunnel 310 can ensure that the subsequent constructors finish the construction of the transverse pipe shed 320, and the smaller the cross section of the pre-pilot tunnel 310 is, the better the cross section is; specifically, the cross-section of the pre-pilot hole 310 is determined by the engineer according to the properties of the soil around the underground works, and may be, for example, 2m × 2m in size.
The longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground project to be built refers to the length direction of the underground project to be built, namely an extension method of the underground project to be built; correspondingly, the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground project to be built refers to the width direction of the underground project to be built, and is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground project to be built.
S202: in one pre-pilot tunnel 310, a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil above the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built are arranged in the other pre-pilot tunnel 310 along the transverse direction of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, so that a transverse pipe shed 320 is formed.
Specifically, after the excavation and support are completed for the two pre-pilot tunnels 310, a plurality of steel pipes traversing the soil body above the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built are drilled in one pre-pilot tunnel 310 along the transverse direction of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, and the drilled steel pipes form a transverse pipe shed 320.
The distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320 (i.e. the distance between the central axes of adjacent steel pipes) is determined according to the property of the soil body above the steel pipes, and specifically may be:
the maximum value l of the distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe housing 320 is calculated according to the following equation 1max:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; d is the diameter of the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe.
Selecting l which satisfies the condition that D is less than or equal to lmaxIs taken as the determined distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320. That is, the minimum value of the distance l between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320 is determined as the diameter D of the steel pipe, that is, the adjacent steel pipes are closely attached to each other and are arranged; the minimum value of l is l calculated according to equation 1max. If l>lmaxThe distance between adjacent steel pipes may be too large, so that the transverse pipe shed 320 may not support the soil above the pipe shed well, thereby not performing the primary support function.
Generally, the diameter of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320 is selected by an engineer, and may be 300 mm.
S203: and supporting and fixing two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed 320 to form a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering.
Specifically, constructing a top plate of an underground engineering main body structure to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole; and backfilling reinforced concrete from the cross section of the main space of the underground engineering to be built to the space between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built and the top of the pre-pilot tunnel, so that two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed 320 are wrapped in the reinforced concrete. The backfilled reinforced concrete can form a reinforced concrete structure after being solidified, so as to serve as a pipe shed support to support and fix two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320, and prevent the transverse pipe shed 320 from moving in the direction perpendicular to the ground. In addition, the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320 can be supported and fixed by using some supporting and fixing methods well known to those skilled in the art. The pre-pilot holes are positioned at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, namely, the bottom of the pre-pilot holes is lower than the top of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built. Therefore, a certain space exists between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built and the top of the pre-pilot hole.
The pre-pilot hole 310 has a small cross section to meet the construction requirements of constructors, so that the amount of the backfilled reinforced concrete is less than the amount of the concrete sprayed on the grating erected in the main space of the underground engineering when the primary supporting structure is formed in the prior art, and therefore, the building materials can be saved.
In fact, after the driving of the transverse pipe shed 320 is completed in step S202, for each pre-pilot tunnel 310, at the bottom corner (i.e., the arch springing) of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot tunnel 310, a reinforced concrete beam 340 is applied along the longitudinal direction of the main space of the underground works to be built and at least one locking anchor 360 is driven to the outside of the main space of the underground works to be built, so as to prevent the arch springing from contracting and falling. The outer sidewall of the pre-pilot hole 310 refers to a sidewall of the pre-pilot hole outside the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, that is, a sidewall of the pre-pilot hole near the outer side of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built.
In addition, a door type steel support 330 can be erected in each pre-pilot hole, so that one side of the door type steel support 330 is attached to the side wall of the pre-pilot hole 310 close to the center of the main space of the underground engineering to be built. In this way, the top plate of the main structure of the underground works to be built is constructed on the basis of the erected portal-type steel supports 330. Namely, a top plate of the main structure of the underground construction to be built, which is located in each pre-pilot hole, is constructed above the erected gate-type steel supports 330, so that the erected gate-type steel supports 330 support the top plate of the main structure of the underground construction to be built above the erected gate-type steel supports 330. And, a side wall of the underground engineering main body structure to be constructed, which is located in each pre-pilot hole, is also constructed between the gate type steel support 330 and the pre-pilot hole.
Through the processes of steps S201 to S203, the preliminary bracing structure of the underground works by the horizontal pipe shed 320 can be completed. The preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering can ensure that underground excavation construction in a loose stratum is safer, has less disturbance to the stratum when being used for constructing large-section or large-span underground engineering, can save the procedures of grid erection and concrete spraying during the traditional underground excavation construction, well protects the health of constructors, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
After the primary supporting structure of the underground engineering is constructed, engineering personnel can determine soil bodies in the main space of the underground engineering to be excavated and a method for constructing the main structure of the underground engineering according to the span of the underground engineering to be constructed.
Specifically, when the span of the underground engineering to be built is small, after the primary supporting structure of the underground engineering is completed according to the method of the present invention, soil excavation in the main body space of the underground engineering is performed according to the method of the prior art, and the building of the main body structure of the underground engineering is completed.
And when the span of the underground engineering to be built is large, the construction of the underground engineering to be built can be completed according to the method shown in fig. 2 b. Specifically, the construction method of the underground engineering provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s211: and constructing a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering to be built.
Specifically, the construction method of the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering is adopted to construct the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering to be built.
S212: and excavating a stand column hole, and constructing a steel pipe column 350 between a top plate and a bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed in the stand column hole.
Specifically, the soil body in the main space of the underground engineering to be built is excavated from the side wall of the pre-pilot tunnel along the transverse direction of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, after a vertical column hole is excavated in the position of a preset vertical column, perpendicular to the ground, towards the lower part of the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the excavated part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built are constructed, and a steel pipe column 350 between the top plate and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is constructed in the vertical column hole, so that the steel pipe column 350 supports the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built. The top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
Preferably, before the steel pipe column 350 from the top plate to the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed is applied, the column cap of the steel pipe column 350 can be applied on the top plate and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed. Thus, the steel pipe column 350 may be applied between two caps opposite each other in the upper and lower directions.
Moreover, the preset upright post position is designed in advance by engineering personnel according to the span of the underground engineering to be built. Generally, the larger the span, the more steel pipe columns 350 are applied in the lateral direction of the main body space of the underground works to be constructed. For example, as shown in fig. 5, two steel pipe columns 350 are applied in one plane in the lateral direction of the main body space of the underground works to be constructed, according to the span of the underground works to be constructed.
S213: and after excavating the residual soil in the main space of the underground engineering to be built, constructing the top plate, the bottom plate and the side wall of the residual part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, and completing the construction of the underground engineering.
For example, after the steel pipe column 350 is constructed, the structure of the underground works to be constructed is shown in fig. 5. Then, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the main space of the underground engineering to be built can be divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the soil body of the midspan of the upper layer is excavated, and the top plate of the midspan is constructed; after excavating the residual soil mass in the upper layer in a segmented manner, constructing a middle plate between the upper layer and the lower layer, and constructing a side wall of the residual part of the upper layer; and excavating the soil body in the lower layer in a segmented and block manner, and then constructing the side walls of the bottom plate and the lower layer. And after the construction of the top plate, the bottom plate and the side wall of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is completed, the construction of the underground engineering is further completed.
Based on the construction method of the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering, the embodiment of the invention also provides the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering, which specifically comprises the following steps: two pre-pilot tunnels 310, a transverse pipe shed 320 and a pipe shed support.
The two pre-pilot holes 310 are respectively positioned at the corners of the two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built and are excavated along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; the top of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
The transverse pipe shed 320 consists of a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil body above the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built; for one steel pipe, the steel pipe is drilled into the other pre-pilot hole from one pre-pilot hole along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built.
The pipe shed supports are located at the two ends of the steel pipe of the transverse pipe shed 320. Specifically, the pipe shed support includes: a reinforced concrete structure backfilled in a space between a top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built and the top of the pilot tunnel 310; the reinforced concrete structure wraps both ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320 to support and fix both ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed 320.
Wherein, distance l between the adjacent steel pipes in horizontal pipe shed 320 satisfies the condition: l is not less than D and not more than lmax;
Wherein D is the diameter of the steel pipe; lmaxIs the maximum value of the distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed, and lmaxIs calculated according to the following equation 1:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe.
Further, the preliminary bracing structure of the underground engineering may further include: reinforced concrete beam 340, lock foot anchor 360, door-type shaped steel support 330.
And the reinforced concrete beam 340 is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole along the longitudinal direction. Wherein, the bottom of the pre-pilot hole 310 is higher than the bottom of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built.
The locking pin anchor rod 360 is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole 310 and extends to the outer side of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
The gate-type steel support 330 is disposed in the pre-pilot hole 310 and below the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed, so as to support the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed above the gate-type steel support.
Based on the construction method of the underground engineering, the construction structure of the underground engineering provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps: the preliminary bracing structure of the underground works and the steel pipe column 350.
The steel pipe column 350 is arranged between a top plate and a bottom plate of the main body structure of the underground engineering to be built so as to support the top plate of the main body structure of the underground engineering to be built; the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
In summary, in the technical scheme of the invention, pre-pilot holes are respectively excavated at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering; a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through soil above the main space of the underground engineering are arranged from one pre-pilot hole to the other pre-pilot hole to form a transverse pipe shed; and then, supporting and fixing two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed to prevent the transverse pipe shed from moving in the direction vertical to the ground, thereby forming a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering. According to the construction method of the primary support structure, on the basis of the two pre-pilot holes, the transverse pipe sheds which are supported and fixed are used as the primary support structure of the underground engineering, so that the strength of steel pipes in the transverse pipe sheds and the self-stability capability of soil bodies are fully utilized, and compared with the prior art, the construction method of the primary support structure can obviously reduce the construction procedures of the primary support structure of the underground engineering, quickens the construction progress and shortens the construction period of the underground engineering; and in the process of forming the primary supporting structure, no grating needs to be erected and concrete needs to be sprayed, so that the building materials can be saved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of a preliminary bracing structure of an underground engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively excavating pre-pilot holes at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; the top of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
in one pre-pilot tunnel, along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built, a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil body above the top of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built are punched in the other pre-pilot tunnel to form a transverse pipe shed;
after supporting and fixing two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed, forming a primary supporting structure of the underground engineering;
the distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed is determined according to the properties of soil bodies above the steel pipes:
calculating the maximum value l of the distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed according to the following formula 1max:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; d is the diameter of the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe;
selecting l which satisfies the condition that D is less than or equal to lmaxThe determined distance l is used as the distance between the adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the supporting and fixing of the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed specifically comprises:
constructing a top plate of the main body structure of the underground engineering to be constructed, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole;
and backfilling reinforced concrete from the cross section to the space between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be constructed and the top of the pre-pilot tunnel, so that two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed are wrapped in the reinforced concrete, and the two ends of the steel pipe in the transverse pipe shed are supported and fixed.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the bottom of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the bottom of the underground construction main body space to be built; and
before the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, is constructed, the method further comprises the following steps:
for each pre-pilot hole, constructing a reinforced concrete beam along the longitudinal direction at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole, and driving at least one locking anchor rod to the outer side of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built;
a gate type steel support is erected in each pre-pilot hole; and
the top plate of the underground engineering main body structure to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, is implemented by the following steps:
and constructing a top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, which is positioned in each pre-pilot hole, above the erected portal type steel supports, so that the erected portal type steel supports support the top plate above the portal type steel supports.
4. A construction method of underground engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying a preliminary bracing structure for the underground works to be built, using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
excavating a soil body in the main space of the underground engineering to be built along the transverse direction of the main space of the underground engineering to be built from the side wall of the pre-pilot tunnel, excavating a stand column hole perpendicular to the ground at the position of a preset stand column towards the lower part of the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, constructing a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the excavated part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, and constructing a steel pipe column between the top plate and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built in the stand column hole so that the steel pipe column supports the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built;
and after excavating the residual soil in the main space of the underground engineering to be built, constructing a top plate, a bottom plate and a side wall of the residual part of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built, and completing the construction of the underground engineering.
5. A preliminary bracing structure of underground works, comprising:
the two pre-pilot tunnels are respectively positioned at the corners of two sides of the upper part of the cross section of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built and are excavated along the longitudinal direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built; the top of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
the transverse pipe shed consists of a plurality of steel pipes which transversely penetrate through the soil body above the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built; for one steel pipe, the steel pipe is drilled into the other pre-pilot hole from one pre-pilot hole along the transverse direction of the main body space of the underground engineering to be constructed;
the pipe shed supports are positioned at two ends of the steel pipe of the transverse pipe shed;
the distance l between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed meets the condition: l is not less than D and not more than lmax;
Wherein D is the diameter of the steel pipe; lmaxIs the maximum value of the distance between adjacent steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed, and lmaxIs calculated according to the following equation 1:
(formula 1)
In the formula 1, phi is the internal friction angle of the soil body above the steel pipe; gamma is the weight of the soil above the steel pipe; sigmacThe uniaxial compressive strength of the soil body above the steel pipe is obtained; wherein,c is the cohesive force of the soil body above the steel pipe.
6. The structure of claim 5, wherein the pipe shed support comprises:
the reinforced concrete structure is backfilled in a space between the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built and the top of the pre-pilot hole; the reinforced concrete structure wraps the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed so as to support and fix the two ends of the steel pipes in the transverse pipe shed.
7. The structure of claim 6, further comprising:
the reinforced concrete beam is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole along the longitudinal direction; the bottom of the pre-pilot hole is higher than the bottom of the main body space of the underground engineering to be built;
the locking foot anchor rod is arranged at the bottom corner of the outer side wall of the pre-pilot hole and extends to the outer side of the main space of the underground engineering to be built;
and the door type steel support is arranged in the pre-pilot hole and positioned below the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built so as to support the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built above the door type steel support.
8. A construction structure of underground works, comprising:
a primary support structure for underground works according to any one of claims 5 to 7;
the steel pipe column is arranged between a top plate and a bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built so as to support the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built; the top plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the top of the main space of the underground engineering to be built, and the bottom plate of the main structure of the underground engineering to be built is applied to the bottom of the main space of the underground engineering to be built.
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KR20090060608A (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-15 | 한미기초개발주식회사 | Pipe roof structure and construction method thereof |
CN102094649A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2011-06-15 | 乐贵平 | Method for constructing underground space by shield-shallow buried covered excavation composite method |
CN102654055A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-09-05 | 乐贵平 | Construction method for compound construction of large-scale underground space structure by holes, groove and piles |
CN203925505U (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-11-05 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | A kind of preliminary bracing structure and constructing structure of underground construction |
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KR20090060608A (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-15 | 한미기초개발주식회사 | Pipe roof structure and construction method thereof |
CN101440708A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-05-27 | 中建国际建设有限公司 | PBA shallow buried underground excavating close range large section three-hole separated island type structure construction method |
CN102094649A (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2011-06-15 | 乐贵平 | Method for constructing underground space by shield-shallow buried covered excavation composite method |
CN102654055A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-09-05 | 乐贵平 | Construction method for compound construction of large-scale underground space structure by holes, groove and piles |
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