CN103970148B - To the sensitive solar energy acquisition system of incident angle of light and daylight follower - Google Patents
To the sensitive solar energy acquisition system of incident angle of light and daylight follower Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 38
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
- G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
- G01S3/7861—Solar tracking systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/10—Control of position or direction without using feedback
- G05D3/105—Solar tracker
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy acquisition system sensitive to incident angle of light and daylight follower.Solar energy acquisition system includes：Solar energy electroplax, daylight follower, the daylight follower includes angular-sensitive imaging sensor, the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes lenticule, for to the light of the sun reflect the photosurface of its imaging sensor of processing formation vertical incidence, so as to track sun's motion track in its angular field of view, the solar energy electroplax is adjusted towards the direction of the sun according to solar motion trail change, sunshine is incided according to the angle of direct projection in the solar energy electroplax.Solar energy acquisition system in the present invention is when mounted, it is not necessary to considers the warp/latitude on installation ground, simplifies technology application process, reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to application of solar, specifically, is related to a kind of sun sensitive to incident angle of light
Can acquisition system and daylight follower.
Background technology
Energy problem is related to development and the future of the mankind, is worldwide significant problem.For a long time, either
Industrial circle or civil area, non-renewable fossil energy such as coal and oil are always the main raw material(s) of the energy, especially
In terms of it is current energy source, mainly electric energy is produced using coal generate electricity.However, due to excessive exploitation and
Use, according to incompletely statistics, the nearly future in 50 years is faced with complete exhaustion by fossil energy.
Therefore, the regenerative resource of above-mentioned fossil energy can be replaced, increasingly it is taken seriously.Such as wind power generation, tide
Generate electricity, especially solar power generation becomes a not retrievable key technology in human kind sustainable development blueprint.
Compare fossil energy, and regenerative resource has the advantages that to protect with sustainable utilization, favorable environment.But by
Natural environment is depended in it, for example wind energy places one's entire reliance upon wind speed and direction, can depend on very much intensity of sunlight and enter
Firing angle degree etc..Along with keeping in check in the technological means of exploitation regenerative resource at present, develop the reproducible energy and effect often be present
The weak points such as rate is low, development cost is high.Therefore, how existing scientific and technological progress, feedback energy cause to be utilized so that
The utilization ratio of regenerative resource greatly improves, and is an engineering being significant.
Below exemplified by developing solar energy, for example solar energy is commonly used at present to generate electricity.In the process using solar power generation
In, solar energy electroplax is core component, and it is used to collect sunray and is converted to corresponding electric energy.
In the prior art, solar energy electroplax with fixed and movable two types, its main distinction with generally existing
In whether using daylight follower making it change position in use.Longitude and latitude of the fixed solar panel according to where it
Position is spent, determines that it when mounted towards the direction of sky, in use, any change does not occur for its position；And live
Dynamic formula solar energy electroplax uses daylight follower, constantly changes its direction in use, makes sun light direct beam.Due to can not
It is disconnected to change direction, self-position is adjusted, efficiency is higher, and movable solar energy electroplax is increasingly favored.
Daylight follower in movable solar energy electroplax can be divided into two major classes, heliostat Heliostat and solar energy
Tracker Solar Tracker.The former generally planar minute surface of load, light path point to solar panel or solar-powered heating
Device；The load of the latter is solar energy electroplax, and light path points to the normal direction of electroplax.
Solar tracking device Solar Tracker can be divided into two major classes, single-shaft variant (Single-Axis) and biaxial type again
(Dual-Axis).The frees degree of the single-shaft variant Solar Tracker only with a rotary shaft, and biaxial type Solar
Tracker has the free degree of two rotary shafts.The former realizes that technology and installation cost are relatively low, more generally；The latter
Realize that technology and cost are higher, application is less.It is generally believed that the solar panel of high latitude area be not easy using solar energy with
Track device Solar Tracker, and the solar panel of low latitudes can use solar tracking device Solar Tracker.
But which kind of either above-mentioned sun tracker, it is when installation, it is necessary to considers the warp/latitude on installation ground
Information is spent, solar tracking device Solar Tracker is adjusted, realizes and periods of direct sunlight direction is followed, it is negative to extend it as far as possible
The solar panel of load carries out the time of opto-electronic conversion so that the application process of technology is cumbersome, and cost is higher.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of sensitive solar energy acquisition system of incident angle of light and day
Light follower, to must take into consideration when sun tracker is installed installation ground warp/latitude information caused by technology should
It is cumbersome with process, the technical problems such as cost is higher.
In order to partly or entirely overcome, partly or entirely solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides one kind to incidence
The sensitive solar energy acquisition system of angular, it includes：Solar energy electroplax, daylight follower, the daylight follower include angle
Sensitive image sensor is spent, the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes gradient index microlenses, for the light to the sun
Carry out reflecting the photosurface that processing forms its imaging sensor of vertical incidence, by each pixel in angle sensitive image sensor
Corresponding gradient index microlenses sensitivity incident angle of light is configured, and different pixels is set the ladder with different sensitivity angles
Index microlenses are spent, so that the sensitivity angle of each pixel has mapping relations one by one with pixel address, so as at its visual angle
In the range of track sun's motion track, the solar energy electroplax is adjusted towards the side of the sun according to solar motion trail change
To making sunshine be incided according to the angle of direct projection in the solar energy electroplax.
In order to partly or entirely overcome, partly or entirely solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides one kind to incidence
The sensitive daylight follower of angular, the daylight follower include angular-sensitive imaging sensor, the angular-sensitive image
Sensor includes gradient index microlenses, and vertical incidence its image sensing is formed for carrying out reflecting processing to the light of the sun
The photosurface of device, by corresponding to gradient index microlenses sensitivity incident angle of light to each pixel in angle sensitive image sensor
Configured, make different pixels that the gradient index microlenses with different sensitivity angles are set, so that the sensitivity of each pixel
There are mapping relations one by one in angle, with pixel address for tracking sun's motion track in its angular field of view, according to the sun
Movement locus change adjusts the solar energy electroplax towards the direction of the sun, sunshine is incided according to the angle of direct projection described
In solar energy electroplax.
Compared with currently existing scheme, in the present invention, it is micro- that GRIN is corresponded to by each pixel in angular-sensitive imaging sensor
The configuration of mirror sensitivity incident angle of light, to the light of the sun reflect processing and form the photosensitive of vertical incidence its imaging sensor
Face, so as to which sun's motion track can be traced into completely.The position of solar energy electroplax is adjusted according to sun's motion track,
Make angle of the sunlight as far as possible according to direct projection, be irradiated in solar energy electroplax.Therefore, when mounted, it is not necessary to the warp on consideration installation ground/
Latitude information, technology application process is simplified, reduces cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 be respectively one of relation schematic diagram between direct sunlight and the earth north and south tropic and two；
Fig. 3 is refraction schematic diagram of the simple glass to light；
Fig. 4 is refraction schematic diagram of the common lenticule to light；
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are respectively refraction schematic diagram one and figure two of the GRIN lenticules to light；
Fig. 7 is pel array linear array floor map in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 8 is that pel array linear array L linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Sectional view；
Fig. 9 is that the row pixel R linear arrays of pel array in the embodiment of the present invention one deploy sectional view；
Figure 10 is that pel array linear array L linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Plan；
Figure 11 is that pel array linear array R linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Plan；
Figure 12 is the floor map of picture element module A in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；
Figure 13 is the mapping relations schematic diagram between pixel value and angle in picture element module A；
The floor map that Figure 14 is picture element module B ' in angular-sensitive imaging sensor in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Figure 15 is the mapping relations schematic diagram between pixel value and angle in picture element module B '；
Figure 16 is the floor map of picture element module C ' in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；
Figure 17 is the mapping relations schematic diagram between pixel value and angle in picture element module C '；
Figure 18 is the floor map of picture element module D in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；
Figure 19 is the mapping relations schematic diagram between pixel value and angle in picture element module D；
Figure 20, Figure 21 are respectively the schematic diagram of pel array one, another of the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two
One schematic diagram；
The structure that Figure 22, Figure 23 respectively configure the solar energy acquisition system of single-shaft variant daylight follower in the prior art is shown
Intention and action schematic diagram；
Figure 24, Figure 25 are respectively the solar energy acquisition system that single-shaft variant daylight follower is configured in the embodiment of the present invention three
Schematic perspective view and schematic top view；
Figure 26 is the action schematic diagram for the solar energy acquisition system that single-shaft variant daylight follower is configured in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 27 is the structural representation for the solar energy acquisition system for configuring biaxial type daylight follower in the prior art；
Figure 28,29 respectively configure the action signal of the solar energy acquisition system of biaxial type daylight follower in the prior art
Figure one of sum it two；
Figure 30, Figure 31 are respectively the vertical of the solar energy acquisition system that the embodiment of the present invention four configures biaxial type daylight follower
Body schematic diagram and schematic top view；
The respectively embodiment of the present invention four of Figure 32,33 configures the action of the solar energy acquisition system of biaxial type daylight follower
One of schematic diagram sum it two.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with schema and embodiment, and thereby how the present invention is applied
Technological means can fully understand and implement according to this to solve technical problem and reach the implementation process of technical effect.
The main thought of the following embodiments of the present invention：
The following embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of solar energy acquisition system, it is characterised in that including：Solar energy electroplax,
Daylight follower, the daylight follower include angular-sensitive imaging sensor, and the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes micro-
Lens, for the light of the sun reflect the photosurface of its imaging sensor of processing formation vertical incidence, so as to be regarded at it
Tracking sun's motion track in angular region, the solar energy electroplax is adjusted towards the side of the sun according to solar motion trail change
To making sunshine be incided according to the angle of direct projection in the solar energy electroplax.
The technique effect that main thought of the present invention is brought：
The highest latitude of direct sunlight surface direct projection on the Northern Hemisphere is 23 ° 26 ' of north latitude, and direct sunlight is straight on Southern Hemisphere surface
The highest latitude penetrated is south latitude 23 ° 26 '.Direct sunlight is 160 ° of east longitude in the highest longitude of the Eastern Hemisphere surface direct projection, and the sun is straight
The highest longitude for penetrating surface direct projection on the Western Hemisphere is 20 ° of east longitude.It will thus be seen that sun's motion track longitude and latitude excursion
Between 160 ° to 23 ° 26 ', therefore, using the following embodiments of the present invention include the daylight of angular-sensitive imaging sensor with
With device, by corresponding to the configuration of GRIN lenticule sensitivity incident angle of light to each pixel in angle sensitive image sensor, make folding
Incident light after penetrating is impinged perpendicularly on the photosurface of imaging sensor, so as to trace into sun's motion track completely.
The position of solar energy electroplax is adjusted according to sun's motion track, makes angle of the sunlight as far as possible according to direct projection, is irradiated to the sun
On energy electroplax.
In the following embodiments of the present invention, in order that daylight follower can trace into sun's motion track, its angle is quick
Sense imaging sensor is preferably made of graded index (Gradient refractive index, GRIN), due to gradient refractive index
Rate material is to correspond to set with sensitive angle, therefore, when setting the single pixel of angular-sensitive imaging sensor,
Each the lenticule made of the Gradient Refractive Index Materials carries out refraction processing to the incident light of its sensitivity angle, after handling refraction
Incident light parallel to lenticule in sensor normal.There are several pixels on angular-sensitive imaging sensor, it is different
Pixel sets the lenticule with different sensitivity angles again, and therefore, angular-sensitive imaging sensor can generally realize daylight
A wide range of tracking of the follower to solar motion track.
One of the relation schematic diagrams of Fig. 1 between direct sunlight and the earth north and south tropic；Fig. 2 is direct sunlight and the earth
Two of relation schematic diagram between the tropic of north and south.Relative motion between a certain given position of earth surface and the sun can be seen
Work is the synthesis of two kinds of motions of earth rotation and revolution.The solar motion track of this given position mainly has in intraday path
Earth rotation is formed, and the relative change of the solar motion track of this given position in 1 year is formed mainly due to the revolution of the earth.
Therefore, as shown in figure 1, the highest latitude of direct sunlight surface direct projection on the Northern Hemisphere is 23 ° 26 ' of north latitude, as shown in Fig. 2 the sun
Direct projection is south latitude 23 ° 26 ' in the highest latitude of Southern Hemisphere surface direct projection.
In order to which the clear present invention illustrates, lenticule made of illustration unlike material reflects to light first
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is refraction schematic diagram of the simple glass to light；As shown in figure 3, light is with incidence angle a incidences Normal
Glass, be then emitted with another angle, can not vertical directive sensor photosurface.
Fig. 4 is refraction schematic diagram of the common lenticule to light；As shown in figure 4, light is with incidence angle a incidences Normal
Micro-lens, then with the beam projecting parallel to optical axis, convergence is formed in outgoing parallel to the light of optical axis.
Fig. 5 is refraction schematic diagram one of the GRIN lenticules to light；If the sensitivity angle of GRIN lenticules is a, such as Fig. 5
It is shown, light using the incident height of incidence angle a as d GRIN Micro-lens after, because refractive index is along short transverse gradual change,
Light is emitted after bending with 0 °, i.e., the light of optical axis is formed in parallel with after refraction processing.In embodiments of the present invention, that is, roll over
The photosensitive surface of the vertical directive sensor of light after penetrating.
Fig. 6 is refraction schematic diagram two of the GRIN lenticules to light；If the sensitivity angle as schemed GRIN lenticules is a,
As GRIN Micro-lens of the light using the incident height of incidence angle b as d, light is emitted at a certain angle after bending, it is impossible to
It is formed in parallel with the light of optical axis.
Therefore, complex chart 5 is visible with Fig. 6, and the GRIN lenticules that sensitivity angle is a and only can will enter sensitivity angle direction
The light penetrated is bent into the beam projecting parallel to optical axis, the photosurface of vertical directive angular-sensitive imaging sensor.
Fig. 7 is pel array linear array floor map in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one；Such as
Shown in Fig. 7, row pixel L corresponding to left-hand microlens layer is followed successively by along the direction of row, row pixel corresponding to dextrad microlens layer
R, LRLR..... arrangement form pel array.
Fig. 8 is that pel array linear array L linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Sectional view, Fig. 9 are that the row pixel R linear arrays of pel array in the embodiment of the present invention one deploy sectional view, for convenience of description,
In the case where not influenceing to the present invention above-mentioned major technique thought explanation, substrate, photosensitive unit, metal are omitted in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9
The structures such as layer, only illustrate lenticule 813.It is as described below in detail.
As shown in figure 8, in row pixel L linear arrays, there is pin by the Gradient Refractive Index Materials sensitivity angle of lenticule 813
To Sexual behavior mode, the corresponding radiation direction that each pixel is sensitive is arranged to upper left side and injected, direction from left to right, lenticule 813
It is up to a to the sensitivity angle of incident light, minimum 0, i.e., it is parallel with normal F.Each lenticule 813 is by its sensitive incident light
Refraction is handled, and forms the incident light of vertical incidence light sensitive diode photosurface.
As shown in figure 9, in row pixel R linear arrays, there is pin by the Gradient Refractive Index Materials sensitivity angle of lenticule 813
To Sexual behavior mode, the corresponding radiation direction that each pixel is sensitive is arranged to upper right side and injected, direction from right to left, lenticule 813
It is up to a to the sensitivity angle of incident light, minimum 0, i.e., it is parallel with normal F.Each lenticule 813 is by its sensitive incident light
Refraction is handled, and forms the incident light of vertical incidence light sensitive diode photosurface.
Figure 10 is that pel array linear array L linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Plan, Figure 11 are that pel array linear array R linear arrays are deployed in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention one
Plan.Illustrated so that each column includes 11 pixels as an example.
Due to according to the sensitivity angle to incident light, targetedly have selected lenticule, therefore, coming for each pixel
Say, its sensitivity angle has mapping relations one by one, angle=f (index Pixel) with Pixel addresses.
As shown in Figure 10, if pixel value corresponding to maximum sensitivity angle a is p0, and minimum angle correspond to p0, p1,
P2 ... p10 are arranged in order, as shown in Figure 10, it is assumed that with a binary representation pixel value.Similarly, as shown in figure 11,
P10, p11, p12 ... p20 are arranged in order, wherein due to being all according to being 0 with normal angle, therefore p10 is in Figure 10 and Figure 11
In share.To sum up, p0, p1, p2 ... p20 share 21 pixels, can be true according to 21 bit code so as to form 21 bit codes
Surely one-dimensional angle information of the incident ray in optical axial plane of lenticule is entered.In the same way, the image slices primitive matrix of linear expansion
Row include how many couples of L, R, can export how many individual angle informations, that is, its resolution sizes.
It is in light with incident light when setting the lenticule sensitivity angle of pixel in above-mentioned Fig. 7-Figure 11 embodiment
It is defined in axial plane between lenticule normal, therefore, the angle obtained is one-dimensional angle information, passes through several
One-dimensional angle information, realize the tracking of solar motion track.
The incident light of sensitivity, in other words, a certain lenticule can be separately configured in lenticule made of graded index material
Refraction processing is only carried out to its sensitive incident light, forms the light of vertical incidence light sensitive diode photosensitive surface.It is if true
Surely the actual incident angle of incident light in three dimensions is obtained, then needs to be separately provided the sensitivity of incident light in three dimensions
Angle component.Specifically, can be according to the projection of incident light in the plane perpendicular to the normal of the lenticule and the institute
State angle between the projection of the normal of lenticule, in the plane of the normal parallel to the lenticule projection of incident light with
Angle between the projection of the normal of the lenticule, the microlens layer in three dimensions first quick is set respectively
Feel incident angle component and the second sensitive incident angle component.Therefore, in following above-mentioned examples, the first sensitive incident angle component
The length for the line segment with the arrow for representing its vector can only be seen in plan view；Second sensitive incident angle component can only see it
Direction change.
In following examples, plane of the first sensitive angle incidence degree representation in components in the normal perpendicular to the lenticule
It is interior, the angle between the projection and the projection of the normal of the lenticule of incident light, the first sensitive angle incidence degree component from
0 ° changes to a °.It is incident because the first sensitive angle incidence degree representation in components is in the plane perpendicular to the normal of the lenticule
Angle between the projection of the normal of light and the lenticule, therefore, a ° of scope is 0 ° -90 °.Because the second sensitivity enters
Firing angle degree representation in components is in the plane of the normal parallel to the lenticule, projection and the lenticule of incident light
Angle between the projection of normal, therefore, in the range of 0 °~360 °.
If the first of lenticule the sensitive incident angle components range is 0 °~a ° ,-a °~0 ° in pel array, lenticule
The second sensitive incident angle components range be 0 °~90 °, 90 °~180 °, 180 °~270 °, 270 °~360 °, be consequently formed
Combination have two groups, according to the identical first sensitive incident angle component, the different second sensitive incident angle point
Amount, it is as follows that the multiple microlens layers included to the pel array carry out group result：
(1) first group：First sensitive incident angle components range is 0 °~a °, and the second sensitive incident angle components range is
0 °~90 °, 90 °~180 °, 180 °~270 °, 270 °~360 °；
(2) second groups：First sensitive incident angle components range is-a °~0 °, the second sensitive incident angle of lenticule
Components range is 0 °~90 °, 90 °~180 °, 180 °~270 °, 270 °~360 °.
Will be illustrative with picture element module A, B, C, D respectively in following embodiments：
(1) picture element module A：First sensitive incident angle components range is-a °~0 °, the second sensitive incident angle component model
Enclose for 0 °~90 °；
(2) picture element module B '：First sensitive incident angle components range is 0 °~a °, the second sensitive incident angle component model
Enclose for 90 °~180 °；
(3) picture element module C '：First sensitive incident angle components range is 0 °~a °, the second sensitive incident angle component model
Enclose for 180 °~270 °；
(4) picture element module D：First sensitive incident angle components range is-a °~0 °, the second sensitive incident angle component model
Enclose for 270 °~360 °.
Figure 12 is the floor map of picture element module A in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；Such as Figure 12
Shown, this image pixel array is with the formal expansion of 2D faces battle array, i.e.,：First sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope be-a °~
0 °, the second sensitive incident angle component G (Y) scope be 0 °~90 °, X represent horizontal direction on pixel output valve, Y represent hang down
The output valve of the upward pixel of Nogata, F (X), G (Y) represent the output valve X of pixel in horizontal direction, pixel in vertical direction respectively
Output valve Y and angle between mapping relations.Figure 13 is the mapping relations signal between pixel value and angle in picture element module A
Figure, as shown in figure 13, orthogonal two axial directions map the angle change of two groups of sensitivity angle components respectively.
Picture element module A mirror image processings obtain the first sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope and entered for 0 °~a °, the second sensitivity
Penetrate picture element module A ', picture element module A ' and A that angle component G (Y) scope is 0 °~90 ° and share the second sensitive incident angle component
G (Y), is repeated no more in detail.
The floor map that Figure 14 is picture element module B ' in angular-sensitive imaging sensor in the embodiment of the present invention two；Such as figure
Shown in 14, this image pixel array is with the formal expansion of 2D faces battle array, i.e.,：First sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope be 0 °~
A °, the second sensitive incident angle component G (Y) scope be 90 °~180 °, X represent horizontal direction on pixel output valve, Y represent
The output valve of pixel in vertical direction, F (X), G (Y) represent the output valve X of pixel in horizontal direction, picture in vertical direction respectively
Mapping relations between the output valve Y and angle of element.Figure 15 is the mapping relations between pixel value and angle in picture element module B '
Schematic diagram, as shown in figure 15, orthogonal two axial directions map the angle change of two groups of sensitivity angle components respectively.
Picture element module B ' mirror image processings obtain the first sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope and entered for 0 °~a °, the second sensitivity
Penetrate picture element module B, picture element module B ' and B that angle component G (Y) scope is 90 °~180 ° and share the second sensitive incident angle point
G (Y) is measured, is repeated no more in detail.
Figure 16 is the floor map of picture element module C ' in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；Such as Figure 16
Shown, this image pixel array is with the formal expansion of 2D faces battle array, i.e.,：First sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope be 0 °~
A °, the second sensitive incident angle component G (Y) scope be 180 °~270 °, X represent horizontal direction on pixel output valve, Y represent
The output valve of pixel in vertical direction, F (X), G (Y) represent the output valve X of pixel in horizontal direction, picture in vertical direction respectively
Mapping relations between the output valve Y and angle of element.Figure 17 is the mapping relations between pixel value and angle in picture element module C '
Schematic diagram, as shown in figure 17, orthogonal two axial directions map the angle change of two groups of sensitivity angle components respectively.
Picture element module C ' is mirrored into handling, obtain the first sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope for-a °~0 °, it is second quick
Feel picture element module C, picture element module C ' and C that incident angle component G (Y) scope is 180 °~270 ° and share the second sensitive incidence angle
Component G (Y) is spent, is repeated no more in detail.
Figure 18 is the floor map of picture element module D in the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；Such as Figure 18
Shown, this image pixel array is with the formal expansion of 2D faces battle array, i.e.,：First sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope be 0 °~
A °, the second sensitive incident angle component G (Y) scope be 270 °~360 °, X represent horizontal direction on pixel output valve, Y represent
The output valve of pixel in vertical direction, F (X), G (Y) represent the output valve X of pixel in horizontal direction, picture in vertical direction respectively
Mapping relations between the output valve Y and angle of element.Figure 19 is that the mapping relations in picture element module D between pixel value and angle are shown
It is intended to, as shown in figure 19, orthogonal two axial directions map the angle change of two groups of sensitivity angle components respectively.
Picture element module D mirror image processings, obtain the first sensitive incident angle component F (X) scope and enter for 0 °~a °, the second sensitivity
Penetrate picture element module D ', picture element module D ' and D that angle component G (Y) scope is 270 °~360 ° and share the second sensitive incident angle
Component G (Y), is repeated no more in detail.
Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of pel array one of the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；As shown in figure 20,
It is 0 °~a ° of picture element module A ', picture element module B ', picture element module C ', picture element module by the first sensitive incident angle components range
D ' is as a row, the picture element module A, picture element module B, picture element module for being-a °~0 ° by the first sensitive incident angle components range
C, picture element module D is arranged alternately as other one row according to the direction of row.
Referring to above-mentioned picture element module A, B, C, D, A ', B ', C ', D ' explanation, because each picture element module can record two
Individual angle component is the first sensitive incident angle component and the second sensitive incident angle component, therefore, based on the two angles point
Amount can obtain the actual angle of incident light in three dimensions.
Figure 21 is another schematic diagram of pel array of the angular-sensitive imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention two；Such as Figure 21 institutes
Show, 0 °~90 °, 90 °~180 °, 180 °~270 °, 270 °~360 ° are followed successively by according to the second sensitive incident angle components range
Arrangement picture element module A ', picture element module B ', picture element module C ', one group the most of picture element module D ' clockwise, and according to the
Two sensitive incident angle components ranges are followed successively by 0 °~90 °, 90 °~180 °, 180 °~270 °, 270 °~360 ° clockwise directions
Picture element module A, picture element module B, picture element module C, picture element module D arrange as another set, is replaced according to BAYER patterns
Arrangement.
Figure 22 is the structural representation for the solar energy acquisition system for configuring single-shaft variant daylight follower in the prior art；Such as figure
Shown in 22, solar energy electroplax 702 and support arm daylight follower are equipped with (in figure simultaneously on the top of the support arm 701 of cylindricality
It is not shown), it is connected by rotary shaft 703 with the load plane of solar energy electroplax 702, the axle center of rotary shaft 703 in assembling
Line must be parallel with the warp of the earth.
Figure 23 be in the prior art configure single-shaft variant daylight follower solar energy acquisition system action schematic diagram, with turn
The anglec of rotation a of moving axis 704 changes the normal direction of solar energy electroplax 702.
Figure 24 is the three-dimensional signal for the solar energy acquisition system that single-shaft variant daylight follower is configured in the embodiment of the present invention three
Figure；As shown in figure 24, a support frame 902 is set on support arm 901, and the support frame 902 is used to above be provided with a load surface, should
Solar energy electroplax 903 is mounted with load surface, the position of solar energy electroplax 903, rotary shaft are changed by the rotation of rotary shaft 904
904 axial line is parallel with the warp of the earth.
Figure 25 is the top view signal for the solar energy acquisition system that single-shaft variant daylight follower is configured in the embodiment of the present invention three
Figure, as shown in figure 25, but respectively there are a 1D imaging sensors 905 of an angular-sensitive both sides of its load surface center line, and the angle is quick
The rectilinear direction of the 1D imaging sensors 905 of sense is perpendicular to warp direction.In order to keep being rotated freely with rotary shaft for load board,
The both sides of load surface center have carried out hollow out.Hollow out distance d size, the solar-electricity that image load plane can load
The surface area in pond.Decreased distance d size, photoelectric transformation efficiency can be improved.Such a follower is due to only having a rotation
Axle 904, to improve its generating efficiency, its line of rotary shaft 904 should be made parallel with terrestrial meridian when mounted.
Figure 26 is the action schematic diagram for the solar energy acquisition system that single-shaft variant daylight follower is configured in the embodiment of the present invention,
Change the normal direction of solar energy electroplax 903 with the anglec of rotation a of rotary shaft 904.
Figure 27 is the structural representation for the solar energy acquisition system for configuring biaxial type daylight follower in the prior art；Such as figure
Shown in 27, it is equipped with solar energy electroplax 1202 simultaneously on the top of the support arm 1201 of cylindricality and daylight follower (does not show in figure
Go out), it is connected by two rotary shafts 1203 with the load plane of solar energy electroplax 1202, one rotary shaft 1203 in assembling
Axial line it is parallel with the warp of the earth, the axial line of another rotary shaft 1203 is parallel with the parallel of the earth.
Figure 28 is to configure one of action schematic diagram of solar energy acquisition system of biaxial type daylight follower in the prior art；
Figure 29 is the two of the action schematic diagram for the solar energy acquisition system for configuring biaxial type daylight follower in the prior art；Load plane
Normal direction be that solar energy electroplax 1202 is together decided on by the anglec of rotation a and b.
Figure 30 is the schematic perspective view for the solar energy acquisition system that the embodiment of the present invention four configures biaxial type daylight follower；
As shown in figure 30, support frame 1502 is provided with the support arm 1501 of cylindricality, load plane is mounted with support frame 1502, is born
Carry and be equipped with four solar energy electroplax 1503 in plane, two neighboring solar energy electroplax 1503 is provided with the 2D images of angular-sensitive
Sensor (not shown in Figure 30).
Figure 31 is the schematic top view for the solar energy acquisition system that the embodiment of the present invention four configures biaxial type daylight follower；
As shown in figure 31, the both sides of load surface center have carried out hollow out, hollow out distance d, the 2D image sensitive for setting angle
Sensor 1504, the 2D imaging sensors 1504 of the angular-sensitive in warp and weft direction track sun's motion track, driving
Rotary shaft 1505 adjusts solar energy electroplax 1503 towards the position of the sun.
Figure 32 is the action schematic diagram for the solar energy acquisition system that the embodiment of the present invention four configures biaxial type daylight follower
One of, Figure 33 be the embodiment of the present invention four configure biaxial type daylight follower solar energy acquisition system action schematic diagram it
Two, driving rotary shaft 1505 adjusts anglec of rotation p and the anglec of rotation q change respectively, adjusts solar energy electroplax 1503 towards the sun
Position.
In the above-described embodiments, for single shaft, daylight follower has a rotation parallel with the warp of the earth
Axle, and for twin shaft, the daylight follower also has a rotary shaft parallel with the parallel of the earth.
Some preferred embodiments of the present invention have shown and described in described above, but as previously described, it should be understood that the present invention
Be not limited to form disclosed herein, be not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and available for various other combinations,
Modification and environment, and above-mentioned teaching or the technology or knowledge of association area can be passed through in the scope of the invention is set forth herein
It is modified., then all should be in this hair and the change and change that those skilled in the art are carried out do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention
In the protection domain of bright appended claims.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. solar energy acquisition system sensitive to incident angle of light, it is characterised in that including：Solar energy electroplax, daylight with With device, the daylight follower includes angular-sensitive imaging sensor, and the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes gradient refractive index Rate lenticule, for the light of the sun reflect the photosurface of its imaging sensor of processing formation vertical incidence, by right Each pixel corresponds to gradient index microlenses sensitivity incident angle of light and configured in angular-sensitive imaging sensor, makes different pictures Element sets the gradient index microlenses with different sensitivity angles, so that the sensitivity angle of each pixel exists with pixel address Mapping relations one by one, so as to track sun's motion track in its angular field of view, institute is adjusted according to solar motion trail change Solar energy electroplax is stated towards the direction of the sun, sunshine is incided according to the angle of direct projection in the solar energy electroplax.
- 2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the daylight follower is the list for being configured with a rotary shaft Spindle-type, or it is configured with the biaxial type of two rotary shafts.
- 3. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the warp that the daylight follower has one and the earth is put down Capable rotary shaft, and/or the daylight follower have a rotary shaft parallel with the parallel of the earth.
- 4. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that according to the rotation of the rotary shaft, adjust the solar energy Electroplax makes sunshine be incided according to the angle of direct projection in the solar energy electroplax towards the direction of the sun.
- 5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes capture incident light In optical axial plane between the normal of the lenticule angle one-dimensional angular-sensitive pixel cell, or the angular-sensitive Imaging sensor include capture incident light in the plane parallel to imaging surface and vertically in the plane with imaging surface with it is described micro- The three-dimensional perspective sensitive pixels unit of angle between the normal of lens.
- 6. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the daylight follower is a pair with the solar energy electroplax One or one-to-many relation.
- 7. a kind of daylight follower sensitive to incident angle of light, it is characterised in that the daylight follower includes angular-sensitive Imaging sensor, the angular-sensitive imaging sensor include gradient index microlenses, for being rolled over to the light of the sun The photosurface that processing forms its imaging sensor of vertical incidence is penetrated, by the corresponding ladder of each pixel in angle sensitive image sensor Degree index microlenses sensitivity incident angle of light is configured, and different pixels is set the gradient refractive index with different sensitivity angles Rate lenticule, so that the sensitivity angle of each pixel has mapping relations one by one with pixel address, in its angular field of view Sun's motion track is tracked, solar energy electroplax is adjusted towards the direction of the sun according to solar motion trail change, makes sunshine Angle according to direct projection is incided in the solar energy electroplax.
- 8. daylight follower according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the angular-sensitive imaging sensor includes capture The one-dimensional angular-sensitive pixel cell of incident light angle between lenticule normal in optical axial plane, or the angular-sensitive Imaging sensor include capture incident light parallel to the plane of imaging surface and in imaging surface between lenticule normal The three-dimensional perspective sensitive pixels unit of angle.
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| CN201410142600.1A CN103970148B (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2014-04-10 | To the sensitive solar energy acquisition system of incident angle of light and daylight follower |
| US16/128,501 US20190253020A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2018-09-11 | Solar tracker and solar energy collection system |
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| CN107491100A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-12-19 | 上海理工大学 | Fresnel mirror beam condensing unit based on gradation of image analysis solar tracking |
| CN107943103A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-20 | 夸父追日科技（武汉）有限公司 | A kind of mechanical sensor heliostat |
| CN108803672B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉高德红外股份有限公司 | Photoelectric tracking system |
| CN116430909A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-07-14 | 东北电力大学 | Automatic tracking device for photovoltaic panel |
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| CN101964604A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-02 | 和硕联合科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell sun-tracking device |
| JP5568934B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-08-13 | ソニー株式会社 | Solid-state imaging device, method for manufacturing solid-state imaging device, electronic device, lens array |
| WO2012033840A2 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Spherical gradient index (grin) lenses and their uses in solar concentration |
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